Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells and serum in demented patients and in aging Sacerdote de Lustig, Eugenia; Serra, Jorge Alberto; Kohan, Silvia; Canziani, Gabriela Alicia; Famulari, Arturo L.; Dominguez, Raul Omar The activity of the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) has been investigated in serum and red blood cells (RBC) homogenate obtained from demented patients with associated vascular lesions (VD), demented patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (DAT) and healthy controls (CG) of the same age. The increase in SOD activity was statistically significant ( P < 0.01) in RBCs homogenate of DAT and VD patients, when compared to controls, but no differences appear between the two diseased groups. Additionally, a statistically significant increase in SOD activity ( P < 0.01) in DAT patients above 70 years as compared to those 50–70 years old, and a relation between SOD and age were found. No changes in SOD activity with age in healthy controls nor in vascular dementia group were detected. A statistically significant increase in Circulating SOD activity ( P < 0.01) was observed in vascular patients compared to controls. The observed increase in DAT Circulating SOD activity (against CG) was not significant. The increased levels of Cu-Zn SOD, probably represent a general alteration of the oxidative processes characteristic of these dementias and suggest that the enzyme might be used as a marker.

Acción de L. Casei y L. Acidophilus sobre LB productores de IgA en mucosa intestinal: Relación con la capacidad de protección frente a enteropatógenos Medici, Marta Graciela; Valverde, Marta Hercilia; Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle Demostramos anteriormente que la alimentación previa a ratón con L. casei fue efectiva en la protección contra enteropatógenos, con incremento de niveles de IgA-s con dosis de 2,4 x 109 cel y que L. acidophillus no protege frente a infecciones y no aumenta los niveles de IgA-s.

El doble mensaje de los mastocitos para los tumores Sacerdote de Lustig, Eugenia; Lauria de Cidre, Lilia Susana En relación a los tumores, los linfocitos han sido la gran vedette del tratamiento biológico del cáncer en esta última década, mientras que otras células del sistema inmune han sido descuidadas.

Angiogenic activity by spleen cell supernatants from tumor‐bearing and tumor‐resected mice Davel, Lilia; Miguez, Marta; Jasnis, María Adela; Eiján, Ana María; Oisgold Dagá, Sara; Sacerdote de Lustig, Eugenia Supernatants of cultured spleen cells (SCS) from small tumor‐bearing mice (STBM) and large tumor‐bearing mice (LTBM) are able to enhance tumor growth as well as accelerate tumor takes in vivo when inoculated 24 h before tumor implant. After tumor resection enhancing activity disappears at a rate depending on the size of the resected tumor. Spleen cells from tumor‐bearing mice also evoke a complex vascular response, lymphocyte‐induced angiogenesis (LIA) elicited via the release of lymphokines from activated T cells. As angiogenic factors promote tumor development we investigated if SCS from tumor‐bearing and tumor‐resected mice contain factors capable of evoking a LIA response. Angiogenic activity was detected by SCS of small and large tumor‐bearing mice as well as in large tumor‐resected mice. On the other hand, SCS from small tumor‐resected mice are not able to evoke an angiogenic response. Possibly, the large antigenic burden in LTRM stimulate the immune system in a different way than in STRM. We can suggest that the different behavior of spleen cells after small and large tumor removal can be explained by quantitative or qualitative changes in the spleen subpopulations.

No me digan sabio: es una palabra pasada de moda Peicovich, Esteban

Action of glycosidases on the saccharide moiety of the glucose—containing dolichyl diphosphate oligosaccharide Ugalde, Rodolfo Augusto; Staneloni, Roberto Julio; Leloir, Luis Federico

Oligosaccharides containing glucose and mannose in glycoproteins of the thyroid gland Staneloni, Roberto Julio; Leloir, Luis Federico

Interferon in Breast Cancer Sacerdote de Lustig, Eugenia; Cortada de De La Peña, Nuria; Canonico, Abel The interferon production ability by leukocytes in vitro from 37 patients with mammary cancer was studied. The leukocytes were derived from patients between 27 and 80 years of age, 6 months and up to 28 years after removal of the primary tumor. The interferon titer of 34/37 human breast cancer leukocytes was 2–8 times lower than that of 35 normal donor leukocytes and 3 non-neoplastic diseases. No correlation between interferon titers, the patient's age, and the histologic tumor features was observed; however, interferon production was observed to return to normal in those patients who had a long remission period or whose tumors were locally confined. Interferon response of patients under different therapy was modified: radiotherapy affected interferon production more severely than chemotherapy. A tendency for association between the skin DNCB test and interferon response was found. An inverse correlation was observed between interferon titers and the PHA-induced transformation index.; È stata studiata la produzione d'interferon in vitro dei linfociti di 37 pazienti con cancro mammario. I leucociti provenivano da pazienti tra 27–80 anni, e la rimozione del tumore primitivo datava da 6 mesi a 28 anni. Il titolo d'interferon dei leucociti di 34 su 37 casi, ha presentato valori da 2 a 8 volte minori di quelli di 35 soggetti normali e di 3 pazienti non-tumorali. Non è stato possibile stabilire una relazione tra il titolo d'interferon, l'età del paziente e le caratteristiche istologiche del tumore. Si è osservato comunque un ritorno a valori normali nei pazienti che hanno presentato lunghi periodi di remissione o con un solo tumore localizzato. La risposta interferon rispetto alla terapia è modificabile: Ia radioterapia incide sopra la produzione d'interferon più severamente della chemioterapia. È stata osservata inoltre la tendenza ad una associazione tra test cutaneo al DNCB e la risposta all'interferon, mentre una correlazione inversa è stata osservata tra titolo d'interferon ed indice di trasformazione blastica indotta dalla fitoemoagglutinina.

Lipid intermediates in protein glycosylation Parodi, Armando José A.; Leloir, Luis Federico The oligosaccharide moieties of animal glycoproteins that involve linkage between carbohydrate and asparagine are built up on dolichol pyrophosphate before incorporation into the protein. The use of dolichol pyrophosphate in place of the commoner nucleoside diphosphate as the sugar carrier may be because the former is more compatible with the hydrophobic environment of the membrane where the glycoprotein synthesis occurs.

In vitro synthesis of particulate glycogen from uridine diphosphate glucose Parodi, Armando José A.; Mordoh, Jose; Krisman, Clara R.; Leloir, Luis Federico

Role of the sympathicoadrenal system in the hemodynamic response to exercise in dogs Ashkar, E.; Stevens, J. J.; Houssay, Bernardo Alberto Twelve dogs that ran well on a motor-driven treadmill were vagotomized and sympathectomized from TI-TT plus LB-L6 and subjected to either unilateral adrenalectomy and contralateral adrenal demedullation (W-A) or denervation of cranial mesenteric and common hepatic arteries (SN-MH). After recovery, cardiac output determinations (direct Fick) and continuous recording of mean aortic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen consumption were made at rest and during exercise at 7.5 km/hr- 10% gradient Heart rate increased from 113 to 126 beats/min in the medulloadrenalectomized dogs and from 98 to 147 beats/min in dogs with hepatomesenteric denervation. Mean blood pressure did not vary substantially with exercise in either series of animals, averaging at rest 89 mm Hg in dogs with adrenal medullectomy and 128 mm Hg in dogs with intact adrenals. The resting cardiac index was similar in both groups (2.61 liters/min per m2) and increased about 200 y0 during exercise in medulloadrenalectomized animals as compared with 330y0 in dogs with hepatomesenteric denervation. During exercise, energy cost was essentially similar although peripheral resistance decreased about 75y0 in both groups.

Isolation of adenosine diphosphate D-glucose from corn grains Recondo, Eduardo F.; Dankert, Marcelo; Leloir, Luis Federico

Biosynthesis of glycogen from uridine diphosphate glucose Leloir, Luis Federico; Cardini, Carlos E.

A modified colorimetric method for the estimation of N-acetylamino sugars Reissig, José L.; Strominger, Jack L.; Leloir, Luis Federico

La libertad académica y la investigación científica en la América Latina: conferencia dada en la Universidad de Columbia, New York, Estados Unidos, 1955. Houssay, Bernardo Alberto Las naciones americanas se independizaron movidas por anhelos de libertad y de gobierno propio. Nacieron bajo el signo de la libertad que desde entonces fue y debe seguir siendo su auténtica misión y su destino. La libertad como la vida necesita conquistarse, perfeccionarse y conservarse permanentemente. La libertad se edifica y mantiene mediante una lucha incesante contra las fuerzas que tienden a restringirla o avasallarla. La característica más genuina de la América independiente fue el culto de la libertad y a ella debe sus adelantos y su papel en la historia. Contra ella conspiran los que procuran volver al dogmatismo y autoritarismo colonial o bien quieran adoptar los que se han desarrollado recientemente o pugnan por implantarlos en las grandes naciones que luchan por el dominio de sus doctrinas ideológicas o por la extensión de su poder político y material. La democracia auténtica es la que permite el máximo de libertad individual y de desarrollo de la personalidad humana, asegurando la mayor igualdad posible de oportunidades y ante la ley. En ella cada uno puede tener el máximo de iniciativa y acción, con la única obligación moral de hacer lo más que pueda para el bien de sus semejantes. Las naciones señeras - leaders - lo serán y se mantendrán por su cultura y su poder, pero sobre todo por su conducta recta que despierte la admiración, la amistad y la emulación, y porque respeten debidamente a los demás pueblos y a su libertad.

Guanosine diphosphate mannose Cabib, Enrico; Leloir, Luis Federico

El pasado y el futuro de la ciencia en la América Latina Houssay, Bernardo Alberto Analiza las causas influyentes del desarrollo insuficiente de la ciencia en América, en comparación con la de países de habla inglesa. Responde a las acusaciones que se hacen a la ciencia. Finalmente indica las razones por las cuales es optimista respecto al futuro del desarrollo científico en América Latina. Finalmente señala las cuestiones que son necesarias implementar para que América Latina sea centro vigoroso de investigación científica y original.

Prevention of experimental diabetes with adrenal steroids Houssay, Bernardo A.; Rodríguez, Ricardo Rosendo; Cardeza, A. F. After subtotal pancreatectomy in white rats (removal of approximate- AJL ly 95% of the pancreas), blood sugar level remains normal for a few weeks, and then diabetes develops progressively (Foglia, 1944). The administration of estrogens during six months after pancreatectomy has a preventing action on the onset of diabetes (Foglia, Schuster and Rodriguez, 1947; Lewis, Foglia and Rodriguez, 1950; Rodriquez, 1951). In alloxan diabetic rats recovery to normal glycemia can be obtained by estrogen treatment and especially by the combined treatment of estrogen and insulin (Rodriguez, 1953). The experiments here reported show that the prolonged administration of small amounts of certain adrenal corticoids has also a marked protective action on the onset of diabetes in partially pancreatectomized rats. With large amounts of adrenal steroids there is an initial increase in the incidence of diabetes which is followed by a secondary decrease.

Diagnóstico del embarazo por espermiación del sapo Houssay, Bernardo A. Espermiación es el desprendimiento de los espermatozoides maduros insertados en las células de Sertoli. Al desprenderse así individualmente quedan libres en el liquido de las ampollas o tubos seminíferos y con él salen por los vasa efferentia testis, que van del testículo al riñón. En este pasan a la luz de algunos nefrones y de allí con la orina van por el uréter (vas deferens) hasta la cloaca. Allí puede pasar a almacenarse en la vejiga la orina cargada de espermtozoides y luego es eliminada de tiempo en tiempo, durante la micción, a través del orificio cloacal.; Les gonadotrophines chorioniques de l'urine femme enceinte produisent la spermation chez le crapaud. Cela permet le diagnostic précoce de la grossesse.; Chorionic gonadotrophins of pregnant women expulsion in the urine. This test can be used produce in the toad release of spermatozoa and for early diagnosis of pregnancy.

Unsaturated fatty acids and alloxan diabetes Rodríguez, Ricardo Rosendo; Cattáneo, Pedro; Houssay, Bernardo Alberto; Uno, Bumpei I has been shown dietary factors can influence the toxic and diabetogenic action of alloxan. György and Rose (´48) observed high toxicity of alloxan when the experimental animals were fed diets free from yeast and high in lard or coconut oil, and obtained some reduction in the early mortality by supplementing the diets with tocopherol or yeast. Compared with rats fed a high carbohydate diet, previous subsistence on a high lard ration has been found to increase the sensivity of the animals to the toxic diabetogenic action of alloxan (Martinez '45, Houssay and Martinez, '47, Houssay and Martinez, '48).