Las Lecciones de Derecho Constitucional de Florentino González en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (1869-1874): Diseños políticos nacionales y circulación trasnacional de doctrinas en la construcción de los estados sudamericanos; Florentino González Lectures on Constitutional Law at the University of Buenos Aires (1869-1874): National political designs and transnational circulation of doctrines in South America during State- Formation. Cucchi, Laura Este trabajo analiza los itinerarios intelectuales del colombiano Florentino González y de sus Lecciones de Derecho Constitucional impartidas en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, entre 1869 y 1874, con el objetivo de indagar las formas que adquirieron en esos años la traducción y adaptación crítica de diferentes facetas de la doctrina constitucional de los Estados Unidos en la Argentina. Examina, además, la difusión de las Lecciones en otros países del sur del continente, combinando un análisis histórico situado en un caso nacional, con un enfoque atento a las interconexiones transnacionales.; This paper analyzes the intellectual biography of the Colombian Florentino González and his Lectures on Constitutional Law at the University of Buenos Aires, between 1869 and 1874. It aims to explain one of the many ways in which the translation and critical adaptation of US Constitutional Law took place in Argentina. It also examines the dissemination of the Lectures in other south American countries during those years, combining a historical analysis located in a national case, with a focus on transnational interconnections.

Poeta que es y se dice mujer: las tensiones entre los géneros en la poética de Marina Mariasch; Poet who is and says woman: the tensions between the genres in the poetics of Marina Mariasch Mallol, Anahí Diana El trabajo analiza el modo en que, a principios del siglo XXI, la poeta Marina Mariasch, explora la redistribución de estereotipos, máscaras, roles y síntomas, de una subjetividad femenina, tanto en su narrativa como en los poemas. Para Mariasch la ficción normativa de género creada por los discursos sociales difiere de la experiencia del sujeto, y los textos dan cuenta del desgarro que se produce en la subjetividad de una mujer en las distintas etapas de la vida. Así, su escritura poética marca el borde dentado de las relaciones sexo/género, y alza una voz disidente que obliga a repensar el heteropatriarcado, poniendo de manifiesto diversos matices en la larga cadena de violencias y contradicciones que sufren los sujetos de la sociedad actual.; The paper analyzes the way in which, at the beginning of the 21st century, the poet Marina Mariasch, explores the redistribution of stereotypes, masks, roles and symptoms, of a feminine subjectivity, both in its narrative and in the poems. For Mariasch, the normative fiction of gender created by social discourses differs from the experience of the subject, and the texts give an account of the tear that occurs in the subjectivity of a woman in the different stages of life. Thus, his poetic writing marks the jagged edge of sex / gender relations, and raises a dissident voice that forces us to rethink the heteropatriarchy, revealing different nuances in the long chain of violence and contradictions suffered by the subjects of today's society. The poetic writing of Marina Mariasch marks the jagged edge of sex / gender relations, and raises a dissident voice that forces us to rethink the heteropatriarchy, giving an account of the nuances in the long chain of violence and contradictions that suffer the subjects of the current society.

Using UML for learning how to design and model cyber-physical systems Ordinez, Leonardo Damian; Eggly, Gabriel Martin; Micheletto, Matías Javier; Santos, Rodrigo Martin In this paper a methodology for teaching and learn-ing the modeling of embedded systems and, in a more genericvision cyber-physical systems (CPS) is presented. To this end, asubset of tools from UML is used in an intuitive and orderedway starting with an informal description of the system untilimplementation details are obtained. However, the codificationof the system is left out as the programming language dependson the hardware platform to be used. The method has beenused in grade courses for several years now with an importantaccumulated experience that shows how students are able toadopt it and learn to elicit the different types of requirements,actors and functions.

Skull ontogeny of the pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in the comparative context of native North American ungulates Moyano, Silvana Rocio; Morales, Miriam Mariana; Giannini, Norberto Pedro The pronghorn (Antilocapra americana (Ord, 1815)) is the single survivor of a largely extinct, isolated pecoran lineage (Antilocapridae) native to North America. We describe postnatal ontogeny of its skull in a comparative framework inclusive of representatives of other typical North American ungulate linages, all of which partially overlap in geographic distribution and share habitat with A. americana. To describe allometric growth, we took 23 linear cranial measurements in 30 specimens of A. americana and applied bi-and multi-variate statistics. The skull of A. americana generally grew with negative rates in width and height dimensions, and with positive rates in length, including an elongation of rostrum, particularly the nasals, and a relative narrowing of the braincase. We compared skull development in A. americana with development in two cervids (white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) and wapiti (Cervus canadensis Erxleben, 1777)) and two bovids (bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis Shaw, 1804) and American bison (Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758))). The multivariate ontogenetic trajectory of A. americana overlapped greatly with that of Odocoileus virginianus, and differed from the other species in varying degrees. These results indicated an essentially convergent pattern of skull growth with species showing important functional similarities, such as cervids of comparable size and feeding habits.

Strong multiplicity one theorems for locally homogeneous spaces of compact type Lauret, Emilio Agustin; Miatello, Roberto Jorge Let G be a compact connected semisimple Lie group, let K be a closed subgroup of G, let Γ be a finite subgroup of G, and let τ be a finitedimensional representation of K. For π in the unitary dual G of G, denote by nΓ(π) its multiplicity in L2(Γ\G). We prove a strong multiplicity one theorem in the spirit of Bhagwat and Rajan, for the nΓ(π) for π in the set Gτ of irreducible τ-spherical representations of G. More precisely, for Γ and Γ finite subgroups of G, we prove that if nΓ(π) = nΓ (π) for all but finitely many π ∈ Gτ , then Γ and Γ are τ-representation equivalent, that is, nΓ(π) = nΓ (π) for all π ∈ Gτ . Moreover, when Gτ can be written as a finite union of strings of representations, we prove a finite version of the above result. For any finite subset Fτ of Gτ verifying some mild conditions, the values of the nΓ(π) for π ∈ Fτ determine the nΓ(π)’s for all π ∈ Gτ . In particular, for two finite subgroups Γ and Γ of G, if nΓ(π) = nΓ (π) for all π ∈ Fτ , then the equality holds for every π ∈ Gτ . We use algebraic methods involving generating functions and some facts from the representation theory of G.

The structure and migration patterns of the population of Uruguay through isonymy Carrieri, A.; Sans, M.; Dipierri, Jose Edgardo; Alfaro Gómez, Emma Laura; Mamolini, E.; Sandri, M.; Rodríguez Larralde, A.; Scapoli, C.; Barrai, I. Surname distribution can be a useful tool for studying the genetic structure of a human population. In South America, the Uruguay population has traditionally been considered to be of European ancestry, despite its trihybrid origin, as proved through genetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of the Uruguayan population, resulting from population movements and surname drift in the country. The distribution of the surnames of 2,501,774 people on the electoral register was studied in the nineteen departments of Uruguay. Multivariate approaches were used to estimate isonymic parameters. Isolation by Distance was measured by correlating isonymic and geographic distances. In the study sample, the most frequent surnames were consistently Spanish, reflecting the fact that the first immigration waves occurred before Uruguayan independence. Only a few surnames of Native origin were recorded. The effective surname number (α) for the entire country was 302, and the average for departments was 235.8 ± 19. Inbreeding estimates were lower in the south-west of the country and in the densely populated Montevideo area. Isonymic distances between departments were significantly correlated with linear geographic distance (p < 0.001) indicating continuously increasing surname distances up to 400 km. Surnames form clusters related to geographic regions affected by different historical processes. The isonymic structure of Uruguay shows a radiation towards the east and north, with short-range migration playing a major role, while the contribution of drift, considering the small variance of α, appears to be minor.

The Pliocene canid Cerdocyon avius was not the type of fox that we thought Ruiz Ramoni, Damián; Prevosti, Francisco Juan; Lucenti, Saverio Bartolini; Montellano Ballesteros, Marisol; Carreño, Ana Luisa During the 1980s, a Pliocene canid from Baja California Sur, Mexico, was described as a new Cerdocyon species, C. avius. Whereas some investigators believe that C. avius was related to the origin of South American foxes of the tribe Cerdocyonina, others suggested that it is related to members of the tribe Vulpini. Our observations and analyses confirm that it is a vulpine with a morphological combination of features that has not been described previously: marked subangular lobe in the hemimandible, m1 hypoconulid is practically absent, and the m3 is single-cusped. We propose Ferrucyon, gen. nov., as a genus including at present one species, F. avius. In the phylogenetic analysis, this species is related to North American Metalopex macconnelli, and to the Eurasian Nyctereutes spp., which creates a relationship between the foxes of the Old and New World.

Measurement of soft-drop jet observables in p p collisions with the ATLAS detector at s = 13TeV Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abbott, D. C.; Abed Abud, A.; Abeling, K.; Abhayasinghe, D. K.; Abidi, S. H.; AbouZeid, O. S.; Abraham, N. L.; Abramowicz ,H.; Abreu, H.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Achkar, B.; Adachi,S.; Adam, L.; Adam Bourdarios, C.; Adamczyk, L.; Adamek, L.; Adelman, J.; Adersberger, M.; Adiguzel, A.; Adorni, S.; Adye, T.; Affolder, A. A.; Afik, Y.; Agapopoulou, C.; Agaras, M. N.; Aggarwal, A.; Piegaia, Ricardo Nestor Jet substructure quantities are measured using jets groomed with the soft-drop grooming procedure in dijet events from 32.9 fb−1 of pp collisions collected with the ATLAS detector at s=13 TeV. These observables are sensitive to a wide range of QCD phenomena. Some observables, such as the jet mass and opening angle between the two subjets which pass the soft-drop condition, can be described by a high-order (resummed) series in the strong coupling constant αS. Other observables, such as the momentum sharing between the two subjets, are nearly independent of αS. These observables can be constructed using all interacting particles or using only charged particles reconstructed in the inner tracking detectors. Track-based versions of these observables are not collinear safe, but are measured more precisely, and universal non-perturbative functions can absorb the collinear singularities. The unfolded data are directly compared with QCD calculations and hadron-level Monte Carlo simulations. The measurements are performed in different pseudorapidity regions, which are then used to extract quark and gluon jet shapes using the predicted quark and gluon fractions in each region. All of the parton shower and analytical calculations provide an excellent description of the data in most regions of phase space.

Determination of safe storage moisture content of soybean expeller by means of sorption isotherms and product respiration Maciel, Gisele; de la Torre, Diego Antonio; Cardoso, Leandro Marcelo; Cendoya, María Gabriela; Wagner, Jorge Ricardo; Bartosik, Ricardo Soybean expeller (SBE) is rich in protein and has a relatively high and variable oil composition (7–15%). With the increasing use of the SBE for animal nutrition there arose a need for understanding the quality deterioration during storage. The goal of this research was to determine the storability of SBE by developing a model for predicting its equilibrium moisture content (EMC), using the EMC model to determine its safe storage moisture content (SSMC), and by measuring dry matter loss (DML) for SBE incubated at 10 °C and 20 °C for 46 days. Samples of SBE with different residual oil contents were collected and an EMC experiment was carried out to determine the sorption isotherms at 65, 70, 75 and 80% RH; at 10 and 20 °C for samples with 6.2, 9.6 and 15.3% oil content. A second set of samples was used for determining the respiration rate at 20 °C. The Enhanced Halsey model was fitted to the SBE EMC/equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) data and it was established that the residual oil content significantly affected the sorption isotherms. By considering an ERH of 67% or below to be a safe storage condition, the SBE should be stored at or below 12.2% moisture content (m.c.) if the temperature is at or below 20 °C and an the oil content is 7%. However, according to the respiration experiments it would be safe to store SBE up to 16% m.c. (equivalent to 75% ERH). Considering a DML limit of 0.1%, the allowable storage time of SBE at a m.c. lower than 15.4% (ERH of 75%) was at least 46 days. The widely accepted practice of incorporating the gums present in the extracted oil, diluted in water, back into the SBE should be avoided since it increases the m.c. of the product and substantially reduces the allowable storage time.

Reformulating the tourism-extended environmental Kuznets curve: A quantile regression analysis under environmental legal conditions Porto, Natalia; Ciaschi, Matías Omar This work aims to empirically study the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in a model that takes into account the tourism sector. We use two novel approaches in this framework: an own developed environmental legal index and an instrumental quantile regression methodology. Our study comprises 18 Latin American countries between 1995 and 2013. We have found that tourism activity causes carbon emissions increases but, because of the restrictions imposed by environmental regulations, further tourism activity can mitigate these adverse environmental effects, mainly in high-polluted countries. These results suggest a step forward in the tourism-extended EKC estimations: they indicate the need for analysis considering the heterogeneities in environmental conditions across countries and the role of environmental regulation within this framework.

Human body and technique, the idea of progress, and Usain Bolt?s 100M dash in Beijing 2008: an interdisciplinary analysis of a paradigm changing performance; Cuerpo humano y técnica, la idea de progreso y los 100m llanos de Usain Bolt en Beijing 2008: un análisis interdisciplinario de una actuación que cambió el paradigma aceptado; Técnica e corpo humano, a ideia do progresso, e o trabalho de 100m de Bolt em Beijing 2008: uma análise interdisciplinar de um paradigma mudando o desempenho González Leoni, Mariano Through history, numerous events have taught us that the beliefs we once thought to be certainties were in fact mistaken, due to a lack of information. Still, in many occasions we tend to fall into the same cycle, believing that this time around we are actually on the right side of things, and that our newly acquired knowledge is a part of the progression to the betterment of humanity. The present research simply intends to present an example from the popular world of sports that shows how little we actually know about some of the closest things to us, such as our own bodies or the technique required to run straight, and how one single case is enough to disregard decades of assumed scientific certainty. This interdisciplinary approach to Usain Bolt?s case only attempts to shed some light over our ignorance, and specially in our pretentious assumptions regarding human knowledge. This humble approach is absolutely necessary in our quest to improve education in our society.; A lo largo de la historia, numerosos eventos nos han enseñado que creencias que creíamos que eran certezas estaban en realidad equivocadas, debido a una falta de información. De todas maneras, en muchas ocasiones tendemos a caer en el mismo ciclo, creyendo que esta vez si estamos en lo correcto, y que nuestro nuevo conocimiento es parte de un movimiento teleológico para el mejoramiento de la humanidad. La presente investigación simplemente pretende presentar un ejemplo del popular ámbito deportivo que muestra lo poco que en realidad sabemos de algunas de las cosas mas cercanas a nosotros, como nuestros propios cuerpos o la técnica requerida para correr en línea recta, y como un solo caso es suficiente para tener que replantear décadas de certezas científicas. Este acercamiento interdisciplinario a el caso de Usain Bolt solo intenta mostrar que tan vigente aun esta nuestra ignorancia, así como también nuestras pretenciosas suposiciones en relación al conocimiento humano. Este humilde modo de acercarse al mismo es absolutamente necesario si realmente queremos colaborar con la educación de nuestra sociedad.; Ao longo da história, vários eventos nos ensinaram que crenças que acreditávamos serem certezas estavam realmente erradas, devido à falta de informações. De qualquer forma, em muitas ocasiões, tendemos a cair no mesmo ciclo, acreditando que desta vez estamos certos e que nosso novo conhecimento faz parte de um movimento teleológico para a melhoria da humanidade.Esta pesquisa visa simplesmente apresentar um exemplo do campo esportivo popular que mostra quão pouco sabemos realmente sobre algumas das coisas mais próximas de nós, como nosso próprio corpo ou a técnica necessária para executar em linha reta e, como único caso, é suficiente para ter que repensar décadas de certezas científicas. Essa abordagem interdisciplinar do caso de Usain Bolt apenas tenta mostrar como ainda está em vigor a nossa ignorância, bem como nossas suposições pretensiosas sobre o conhecimento humano. Este modo humilde de abordálo é absolutamente necessário se realmente queremos colaborar com a educação da nossa sociedade.

Las tres funciones del discurso; The three functions of discourse Damiani, Alberto Mario El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar la conexión entre acción y discurso en el marco de la ética del discurso. El trabajo comienza con un análisis de la diferencia entre acción y acto. Luego son presentadas tres funciones del discurso: resolver pretensiones de validez, coordinar interacciones sociales y determinar el sentido de las actividades humanas.; The aim of this paper is to explain the connection between action and discourse in the frame of discourse ethics. The paper begins with an analysis of the difference between action and act. After that, three function of discourse are presented: to resolve validity claims, to coordinate social interactions and to determinate the sense of human activities.

Symbol digit modalities test-oral version: an analysis of culture influence on a processing speed test in Argentina, Mexico, and the USA Eizaguirre, María Bárbara; Vanotti, Sandra; Aguayo Arelis, Adriana; Rabago Barajas, Brenda; Cores, Evangelina Valeria; Macías, Miguel Angel; Benedict, Ralph H. B.; Cáceres, Fernando The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is an information processing speed test. The aim of this study was to compare the SDMT across three samples: the USA, Mexico, and Argentina. The hypothesis is that performance will vary based on native language and cultural differences between these countries. The SDMT was administered to 129 healthy volunteers. Participants from the USA performed better than participants from Argentina and Mexico (p < .01), and no differences were observed between the latter groups (p = .15). Processing speed differs between the studied populations of Latin America and Anglo-America. Possible interpretations of this result are presented.

Viscisitudes y ambigüedades del concepto “extractivismo”: Una revisión necesaria Galafassi, Guido Pascual Al así llamado "extractivismo" se lo presenta como pareciendo haber surgido con la fuerza de explicar el núcleo duro de la cuestión. Ha entrado en escena superando las disquisiciones previas que remitían fundamentalmente la problemática soico-ambiental y territorial a desajustes de planificación, organización o hasta de conductas individuales para poner en elcentro de la escena al modelo de desarrollo y de acumulación, y sus injusticias geopolíticas, o por lo menos a ciertos aspectos de estos como la fuente primordial a partir de donde poder entender algunos aspectos de la crisis del presente. El discurso actual, olvida muy pícaramente que previo al concepto de extractivismo, los pensamientos más lúcidos y críticos ya habían puesto sobre el tapete, desde por lo menos los años ´50 del siglo XX, la centralidad de este problema en el marco de las discusiones entre capitalismo y socialismo, fuertemente enriquecidas por la entrada en escena de todos los ecologismos críticos de aquellos años, en donde las nociones de complejidad y totalidad tenína una interesante cabida. Valga como el ya clásico, aunque olvidado "Modelo Mundial Latinoamericano".

El gran miedo de 1919 a escala global: la semana trágica argentina y los archivos norteamericanos; The great fear of 1919 on a global scale: Argentina’s tragic week and the North American archives Lvovich, Abraham Daniel En este artículo inscribimos los sucesos de la Semana Trágica de 1919 en una perspectiva trasnacional, al considerar los modos en que la diplomacia y los servicios de inteligencia norteamericanos la analizaron e interpretaron y vincularla con un conjunto de eventos y procesos coetáneos. De tal modo, articulamos la interpretación de la Semana Trágica como resultado de un Gran Miedo de las élites argentinas y sudamericanas con una consideración a una escala mayor acerca de los modos en que el miedo a la revolución impactaba en las conductas e interpretaciones de actores políticos relevantes de los Estados Unidos. Basamos nuestro estudio en un conjunto de informes diplomáticos y de inteligencia de los Estados Unidos que relevamos en los National Archives and Record Administration (NARA) y en el Fondo Presidente Woodrow Wilson de la Biblioteca del Congreso de los Estados Unidos.; In this article we inscribe the events of the Tragic Week of 1919 in a transnational perspective, considering the ways in which U.S. diplomacy and intelligence services analyzed and interpreted it and linked it to a set of contemporary events and processes. Thus, we articulated the interpretation of Tragic Week as the result of a Great Fear of Argentine and South American elites with a consideration on a larger scale of the ways in which the fear of revolution impacted the behaviors and interpretations of relevant U.S. political actors. We based our study on a set of U.S. diplomatic and intelligence reports that we relied on in the National Archives and Record Administration (NARA) and the U.S. Library of Congress’ Woodrow Wilson President’s Fund.

El Gritazo: análisis de una manifestación de niños y niñas por su derecho a trabajar y a participar; El Gritazo: analysis of a children’s demonstration for their right to work and participate in Buenos Aires Morales, Santiago Joaquín; Shabel, Paula Nurit La niñez ha sido históricamente marginalizada de la esfera política y económica con la justificación de ser una etapa de la vida en desarrollo, aún no preparada para tomar decisiones y afrontar responsabilidades. Sin embargo, muchas niñas, niños, familias y organizaciones disputan esa imagen de infancia desde sus prácticas cotidianas. A partir del estudio etnográfico del Gritazo, una manifestación realizada por organizaciones de niñas y niños en Buenos Aires en 2017, analizaremos las nociones de trabajo y participación que ponen en juego las personas adultas y niñas, tanto al momento de presentarse en el espacio público como en la privacidad de las actividades previas.; Childhood has been historically marginalized from the political and economic sphere with the justification of being a stage of life in development, not yet prepared to make decisions and face responsibilities. However, many children, families and organizations dispute this image of childhood from their daily practices. Based on the ethnographic study of el Gritazo, a demonstration carried out by children’s organizations in Buenos Aires in 2017, we will analyze the notions of labor and participation that put children and adults into play, both at the moment of presenting themselves in the public space and in the privacy of the previous activities.

Interactomic analysis of the sHSP family during tomato fruit ripening Arce, Debora Pamela; De Las Rivas, Javier; Pratta, Guillermo Raúl Sstochastic mall Heat Shock Proteins (sHSPs) are chaperones related to abiotic stress response and development that have been characterized in different organisms. In plants, evolutionary relationships, differential gene expression and HSE-dependent gene regulation of tomato sHSP family was described by different groups in an exploratory approach. This work enhances a bioinformatic and inferential approach based on PPI network building using previously reported transcriptomic and proteomic curated datasets. We were able to identify the already described core set of eight sHSPs showing different subcellular localization. Additionally, new putative sHSP-protein interactors during fruit ripening were defined. Between them, HSP70 members, chaperones (DnaK, DnaJ), GST and Universal Stress Protein are the main proteins associated to biological processes involved in response to heat, abiotic stress, protein folding and development. Finally, protein expression of these interactors depends on the presence of HSE and CTAGA-motifs in their gene promoter regions, suggesting Hsf-dependent regulation. Our inferential and integrative bioinformatic approach led us to identify new possible biological roles for subsets of genes/proteins in a system biology point of view, during tomato fruit ripening.

A mosaic tetracycline resistance gene tet(S/M) detected in an MDR pneumococcal CC230 lineage that underwent capsular switching in South Africa Lo, Stephanie W.; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; van Tonder, Andries; du Plessis, Mignon; Cornick, Jennifer; Hawkins, Paulina A.; Madhi, Shabir A.; Nzenze, Susan A.; Kandasamy, Rama; Ravikumar, K.L.; Elmdaghri, Naima; Kwambana Adams, Brenda; Grassi Almeida, Samanta Cristine; Skoczynska, Anna; Egorova, Ekaterina; Titov, Leonid; Saha, Samir K.; Paragi, Metka; Everett, Dean B; Antonio, Martin; Klugman, Keith P.; Li, Yuan; Metcalf, Benjamin J; Beall, Bernard; McGee, Lesley; Breiman, Robert F.; Bentley, Stephen D; von Gottberg, Anne; Brooks, Abdullah W.; Corso, Alejandra; Faccone, Diego Francisco Objectives: We reported tet(S/M) in Streptococcus pneumoniae and investigated its temporal spread in relation to nationwide clinical interventions. Methods: We whole-genome sequenced 12 254 pneumococcal isolates from 29 countries on an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. Serotype, multilocus ST and antibiotic resistance were inferred from genomes. An SNP tree was built using Gubbins. Temporal spread was reconstructed using a birth-death model. Results: We identified tet(S/M) in 131 pneumococcal isolates and none carried other known tet genes. Tetracycline susceptibility testing results were available for 121 tet(S/M)-positive isolates and all were resistant. A majority (74%) of tet(S/M)-positive isolates were from South Africa and caused invasive diseases among young children (59% HIV positive, where HIV status was available). All but two tet(S/M)-positive isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 230. A global phylogeny of CC230 (n=389) revealed that tet(S/M)-positive isolates formed a sublineage predicted to exhibit resistance to penicillin, co-trimoxazole, erythromycin and tetracycline. The birth-death model detected an unrecognized outbreak of this sublineage in South Africa between 2000 and 2004 with expected secondary infections (effective reproductive number, R) of ∼2.5. R declined to ∼1.0 in 2005 and <1.0 in 2012. The declining epidemic could be related to improved access to ART in 2004 and introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in 2009. Capsular switching from vaccine serotype 14 to non-vaccine serotype 23A was observed within the sublineage. Conclusions: The prevalence of tet(S/M) in pneumococci was low and its dissemination was due to an unrecognized outbreak of CC230 in South Africa. Capsular switching in this MDR sublineage highlighted its potential to continue to cause disease in the post-PCV13 era.

Perspectivas y expectativas docentes sobre las prácticas lectoras de estudiantes del primer año de Psicología; Teaching perspectives and expectations on the reading practices of students of the first year of Psychology; Perspectivas e expectativas de ensino sobre as práticas de leitura de estudantes do primeiro ano de Psicologia Villalonga Penna, María Micaela La lectura en la universidad en el área de las ciencias sociales implica trabajar con múltiples fuentes textuales y discursivas. Muchas veces los docentes pueden esperar que los estudiantes se comporten como lectores autónomos y que sepan de antemano cómo leer en un área específica. En este sentido, en este trabajo se abordan las perspectivas y expectativas de los docentes acerca de las prácticas lectoras de los alumnos de Psicología de una universidad de gestión estatal. Para ello, se realiza un estudio cualitativo en el cual se entrevista a 30 docentes del primer año de la carrera de Psicología. Las entrevistas se analizan a la luz de categorías que se desprenden del marco teórico y se consideran las emergentes también. Los resultados dan a conocer que las perspectivas de la gran mayoría de los docentes sobre la lectura de los aprendientes se centran en las dificultades y que, pocas perspectivas docentes, acentúan las fortalezas y la autocrítica con las prácticas de enseñanza. Además, estas perspectivas se relacionan con las prácticas lectoras esperadas por los docentes. Aquellos docentes que subrayan dificultades, declaran propiciar prácticas lectoras monológicas y esperan que los estudiantes lean de este modo. Los que reconocen potencialidades y dificultades en sus alumnos al leer, declaran posibilitar prácticas dialógicas y esperan que los alumnos puedan leer de forma conjunta con ellos. Las perspectivas lectoras llevan a desplegar prácticas lectoras que pueden tender a remediar las dificultades o a constituirse en espacios de construcción de significados compartidos sobre lo que se lee.; Reading in the university in the social sciences area involves working with multiple textual and discursive sources. Many times teachers can expect students to behave as autonomous readers and to know in advance how to read in a specific area. In this sense, this paper addresses teacher ́s perspectives and expectations about student ́s reading practices in Psychology at a state-run university. For this, a qualitative study is carried out in which 30 teachers of the first year of the Psychology degree are interviewed. The interviews are analyzed in light of categories that emerge from the theoretical framework and the emerging ones are considered. Results show that the great majority of teacher ́s perspectives on students reading focus on the difficulties and that a few teacher ́s perspectives focus on strengths and on self-critical view of teaching practices. In addition, these perspectives are related to the reading practices expected by teachers. Those teachers, who highlight difficulties, declare to encourage monological reading practices and expect students to read in this way. Those who recognize potentialities and difficulties in their students as readers declare possible dialogical practices and hope that students can read together with them. Reading perspectives lead teachers to deploy reading practices that may tend to remedy the difficulties or become spaces of construction of shared meanings on what is read.; A leitura na universidade na área de ciências sociais envolve trabalhar com várias fontes textuais e discursivas. Muitas vezes, os professores podem esperar que os alunos se comportem como leitores autônomos e saibam antecipadamente como ler em uma área específica. Nesse sentido, este artigo aborda as perspectivas e expectativas dos professores sobre as práticas de leitura de estudantes de psicologia de uma universidade estatal. Para isso, é realizado um estudo qualita-tivo, no qual são entrevistados 30 professores do primeiro ano do curso de Psicologia. As entrevistas são analisadas à luz de categorias que emergem do referencial teórico e são consideradas emergentes. Os resultados mostram que as pers-pectivas da grande maioria dos professores sobre a leitura dos alunos se concentram em dificuldades e que, poucas pers-pectivas de ensino, acentuam forças e autocrítica nas práticas de ensino. Além disso, essas perspectivas estão relacio-nadas às práticas de leitura esperadas pelos professores. Os professores que enfatizam dificuldades declaram promover práticas de leitura monológica e esperam que os alunos leiam dessa maneira. Aqueles que reconhecem potencialidades e dificuldades de seus alunos ao ler, declaram possíveis práticas dialógicas e esperam que os alunos possam ler junto com eles. As perspectivas de leitura levam os professores a exibir práticas de leitura que tendem a remediar dificuldades ou tornar-se espaços para a construção de significados compartilhados do que é lido.

Paleoneurology, auditory region, and associated soft tissue inference in the late Oligocene notoungulates Mendozahippus fierensis and Gualta cuyana (Toxodontia) from central-western Argentina Martínez, Gastón; Dozo, Maria Teresa; Vera, Bárbara Soledad; Cerdeño Serrano, Maria Esperanza Noninvasive computed tomography (CT) scanning techniques performed on the high-quality preserved holotypes of Mendozahippus fierensis (grouped within the paraphyletic ‘Notohippidae’) and Gualta cuyana (Leontiniidae) allowed a thorough description of both endocasts, not only associated with the brain but also with closely related endocranial spaces, which proved to be highly diagnostic among Notoungulata and relevant from a paleobiological perspective. The specimens come from Quebrada Fiera (Mendoza, Argentina), an upper Oligocene locality extensively studied, especially during the last decade. Regarding brain endocast proportions and neocortical complexity, M. fierensis shows morphological affinities to coeval ‘notohippids,’ whereas G. cuyana resembles Leontinia gaudryi. An acute olfaction is inferred from the large olfactory bulbs and piriform lobes. Conversely, evidence concerning the development (and implications) of some necortical areas (i.e., somatosensory cortex and auditory cortex) were inconclusive. The encephalization quotients are around those previously reported for ‘notohippids’ and Toxodontidae Nesodontinae, and slightly lower than in Typotheria (except for Mesotheriidae). Other endocranial traits previously unexplored (such as the transverse diploic communication between the temporal sinuses in M. fierensis and the large temporal sinuses inferred for G. cuyana) show that there is relevant variability within Toxodontia that deserves further research. Extending similar approaches to early diverging taxa will certainly contribute to a better understanding of the morphological evolution of the brain, special sense organs, and associated blood circulation pattern in toxodontians and notoungulates in general