Consisten en créditos y subsidios destinados a la compra de tecnología, la incorporación de profesionales en empresas y a la innovación en gestión de políticas.

Self-assembly of a drop pattern from a two-dimensional grid of nanometric metallic filaments Cuellar Berrio, Ingrith Paola; Ravazzoli, Pablo Damián; Diez, Javier Alberto; Gonzalez, Alejandro Guillermo; Roberts, Nicholas A.; Fowlkes, Jason D.; Rack, Philip D.; Kondic, Lou We report experiments, modeling, and numerical simulations of the self-assembly of particle patterns obtained from a nanometric metallic square grid. Initially, nickel filaments of rectangular cross section are patterned on a SiO2 flat surface, and then they are melted by laser irradiation with ∼18-ns pulses. During this time, the liquefied metal dewets the substrate, leading to a linear array of drops along each side of the squares. The experimental data provide a series of SEM images of the resultant morphology as a function of the number of laser pulses or cumulative liquid lifetime. These data are analyzed in terms of fluid mechanical models that account for mass conservation and consider flow evolution with the aim to predict the final number of drops resulting from each side of the square. The aspect ratio, δ, between the square sides' lengths and their widths is an essential parameter of the problem. Our models allow us to predict the δ intervals within which a certain final number of drops are expected. The comparison with experimental data shows a good agreement with the model that explicitly considers the Stokes flow developed in the filaments neck region that lead to breakup points. Also, numerical simulations that solve the Navier-Stokes equations along with slip boundary condition at the contact lines are implemented to describe the dynamics of the problem.

Efficient production of glycosylated and non-glycosylated mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85B fused to PVX coat protein in Nicotiana benthamiana plants González, Pablo A.; Puccio, Franco Damián; Zelada, Alicia Mercedes The development of alternative subunit based-vaccines against tuberculosis is necessary due to variable efficiency and some security concerns of the BCG vaccine. The aim of this work was evaluate the production of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85B antigen fused to Potato Virus X Coat Protein (PVX-CP) by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana for subunit-based tuberculosis vaccine formulation. A codon-optimized M. tuberculosis Ag85B gene was fused to PVX-CP and expressed both as a full length precursor and as a mature version lacking the leader peptide. Signal peptides of N. tabacum genes were added to precursor and mature Ag85B-CP to compare the efficiency of cytoplasmic and apoplastic expression. Constructs were agroinfiltrated into N. benthamiana leaves and the yield and integrity of recombinant proteins were analysed. Glycosylation status was determined by treatment with peptide N-glycosidase F. The highest amounts of fusion protein were obtained by expressing mature Ag85B lacking its leader sequence directed to the apoplast, which reached a yield of 100 mg of antigen per kg of fresh leaf. Glycosylated and non-glycosylated fusion proteins were obtained in the apoplastic and cytoplasmic space, respectively. We showed the feasibility of producing Ag85B-CP protein in N. benthamiana leaves for application as a subunit vaccine and demonstrated the importance of expressing mature Ag85B to increase yield and to avoid the production of degraded protein fragments unsuitable for a pharmaceutical product.

Efecto de distintos sistemas de producción y formas de sujeción sobre las pérdidas poscosecha en acelga (Beta Vulgaris I. Var. Cicla I.); Effect of different production systems and fastening methods on postharvest losses in swiss chard (Beta Vulgaris l. Var. Cicla l.) Grasso, Rodolfo Oscar; Rotondo, Rosana; Ortiz Mackinson, Mauricio Pablo; Mondino, María Cristina; Calani, Paula Andrea; Balaban, David Mario; Vita Larrieu, Eduardo Alberto; Torres, Patricia Susana El trabajo se realizó en la FCA-UNR en otoño, invierno y primavera, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los sistemas de producción, forma de sujeción y días de almacenamiento sobre el rendimiento y las pérdidas poscosecha. El ensayo se realizó teniendo en cuenta tres factores: 1) sistemas de producción: invernadero (I), media sombra (MS), manta flotante (MF) y campo (C), 2) formas de sujeción: manojo (A) y granel (G) y 3) días de almacenamiento. Las variables medidas fueron: rendimiento, materia seca, pérdida de peso por descarte y por agua e índice de color. En las tres épocas, I obtuvo el mayor rendimiento y menor contenido de materia seca. I y MF obtuvieron las menores pérdidas de peso por descarte en otoño; en invierno y otoño aumentan con los días de almacenamiento. I y MF registraron las menores pérdidas de peso por agua en otoño en los días 3 y 6 de almacenamiento. La acelga mostró una tendencia hacia el verde amarillento en MF en otoño, C en invierno e I en primavera, en todos los días de almacenamiento.; This work, carried out in the College of Agricultural Sciences, UNR, in autumn, winter and spring with the objective of evaluating the effect the effect evaluates the effect of production systems, fastening methods and days of storage on yield and postharvest losses on Swiss chard along three seasons. The trial was carried out taking into account three factors: 1) Production systems: greenhouse (I), shade cloth (MS), frost protection fleece fabric (MF), and open field (C); 2) fastening method: bunches (A) and no fastening (G); 3) storage days. The variables measured were: yield, dry matter, weight loss by discarding, weight loss by water, and color index. In all three seasons, I obtained the highest yield and lowest dry matter content. I and MF obtained the least weight loss by discarding in autumn; in winter and autumn they increase with the days of storage. I and MF recorded the lowest weight losses per water in autumn on days 3 and 6 of storage. Chard showed a tendency towards yellowish green in MF in autumn, C in winter and I in spring, in all days of storage.

Longitudinal cognitive and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease McDade, Eric; Wang, Guoqiao; Gordon, Brian A.; Hassenstab, Jason; Benzinger, Tammie L. S.; Buckles, Virginia; Fagan, Anne M.; Holtzman, David M.; Cairns, Nigel J.; Goate, Alison M.; Marcus, Daniel S.; Morris, John C.; Paumier, Katrina; Xiong, Chengjie; Allegri, Ricardo Francisco; Berman, Sarah B.; Klunk, William; Noble, James; Ringman, John; Ghetti, Bernardino; Farlow, Martin; Sperling, Reisa A.; Chhatwal, Jasmeer; Salloway, Stephen; Graff Radford, Neill R.; Schofield, Peter R.; Masters, Colin; Rossor, Martin N.; Fox, Nick C.; Levin, Johannes; Jucker, Mathias; Bateman, Randall J. Objective To assess the onset, sequence, and rate of progression of comprehensive biomarker and clinical measures across the spectrum of Alzheimer disease (AD) using the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) study and compare these to cross-sectional estimates. Methods We conducted longitudinal clinical, cognitive, CSF, and neuroimaging assessments (mean of 2.7 [±1.1] visits) in 217 DIAN participants. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess changes in each measure relative to individuals' estimated years to symptom onset and to compare mutation carriers and noncarriers. Results Longitudinal β-amyloid measures changed first (starting 25 years before estimated symptom onset), followed by declines in measures of cortical metabolism (approximately 7-10 years later), then cognition and hippocampal atrophy (approximately 20 years later). There were significant differences in the estimates of CSF p-tau181 and tau, with elevations from crosssectional estimates preceding longitudinal estimates by over 10 years; further, longitudinal estimates identified a significant decline in CSF p-tau181 near symptom onset as opposed to continued elevations. Conclusion These longitudinal estimates clarify the sequence and temporal dynamics of presymptomatic pathologic changes in autosomal dominant AD, information critical to a better understanding of the disease. The pattern of biomarker changes identified here also suggests that once β-amyloidosis begins, additional pathologies may begin to develop less than 10 years later, but more than 15 years before symptom onset, an important consideration for interventions meant to alter the disease course.

Transformative social innovation for food sovereignty: the disruptive alternative Juarez, Paula María Alejandra; Trentini, Maria Florencia; Becerra, Lucas Dardo In the last decade, a new concept has emerged in Europe and the Americas to explain a ‘new’ phenomenon of societal and technological organisation oriented to the resolution of social and environmental issues: social innovation. In certain contexts, social innovators confront dominant institutions in order to achieve their political, economic, and cultural goals. This confrontation has a transformative character. In this sense, transformative social innovation may be defined as ‘changes in social relations, involving new ways of doing, organizing, framing and/or knowing, which challenge, alter, and/or replace established (dominant) institutions in a specific sociomaterial context.’ This framework, developed as a result of the Transformative Social Innovation Theory Project, refers to the ability to design and implement new forms of social interaction that enable people and social groups to carry out strategies and deploy narratives that lead, under certain conditions, to transformative change that engenders modifications in social and/or environmental dynamics. This article presents a conceptual framework to understand transformative social innovation, which is then used to analyse the case of the La Vía Campesina (the International Peasant Movement), focusing on: 1) the strategies employed in terms of a social innovation agent, and 2) the construction of narratives of change oriented to empower peasants and generate a collective identity of the peasantry at a global level. Finally, the article presents closing remarks in order to conceptualise the social innovation capabilities of certain global movements (such as La Vía Campesina) and their achievements related to inclusive sustainable development, where food production and distribution, as well as territorial development, are fundamental.

Secundarias universitarias en Argentina: políticas de admisión y justicia distributiva Di Piero, María Emilia En el contexto de fragmentación educativa que caracteriza a Argentina, en este artículo analizamos un grupo particular de escuelas secundarias: aquellas que dependen de universidades nacionales. Considerando que dicho fragmento no ha sido indagado en profundidad, sistematizamos las secundarias universitarias existentes en el país y modelizamos sus políticas de admisión. Si bien el mérito dejó de ser el criterio de acceso a la mayoría de las escuelas secundarias y universidades en Argentina con la recuperación democrática en 1983, en este artículo mostramos que dicho criterio de distribución de vacantes educativas continúa vigente en estas escuelas “autónomas”. Asimismo, nos enfocamos en las escuelas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, analizando las miradas de sus docentes sobre la justicia en la admisión. Este análisis está estructurado sobre un corpus constituido por documentación institucional, trece entrevistas en profundidad a actores clave de las instituciones y sesenta y siete entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes seleccionados aleatoriamente. El trabajo de campo fue realizado entre los años 2012 y 2016.; In the context of educational fragmentation that characterizes Argentina, in this article we study a particular group of secondary schools: those that depend on national universities. Considering that this fragment has not been investigated in depth, we provide a systematization of secondary university institutions in the country and model their policies of admission. Although merit had ceased to be the criterion in Argentina for access to most secondary schools and universities with the democratic recovery in 1983, it remained in force in a specific group of "autonomous" schools. We first present a map of the university secondary schools in the country and then a systematization of the current admission policies. Finally, we focus on the case of the secondary schools of the National University of La Plata, analyzing the views of their teachers about justice in the methods of admission. Between 2012 and 2016 they were made observations, interviewed in depth thirteen central actors to the institutions, made sixty-seven structured interviews to teachers selected randomly and recovered a corpus composed of institutional documents included information on sociodemographic chips of the students.

Mujeres en la historia del movimiento de teatros independientes de Buenos Aires: aportes para la historia de La Cortina y el Teatro Espondeo; Women in the history of the movement of independent theaters of Buenos Aires: contributions to the history of La Cortina and the Teatro Espondeo Fukelman, María La práctica teatral independiente, iniciada en Buenos Aires a partir de 1930, trajo aparejados algunos cambios en los tradicionales quehaceres teatrales. Uno de ellos se puede ver en el rol de dirección, que fue cobrando mayor protagonismo. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) abordar las labores de distintas mujeres que llevaron adelante roles de dirección en el movimiento de teatros independientes; 2) rescatarlas del olvido; 3) analizarlas comparativamente; y 4) vincularlas con sus participaciones dentro de los partidos políticos y de los movimientos de mujeres. En este sentido, llegamos a elaborar la hipótesis de que existe una correlación entre su involucramiento en la lucha feminista y en la posibilidad que tuvieron (y dieron a otras mujeres) de ocupar cargos de dirección.; The independent theatrical practice, initiated in Buenos Aires from 1930, brought with it some changes in the traditional theatrical tasks. One of them can be seen in the leadership role, which was gaining more prominence. The objectives of this work are: 1) to address the work of different women who carried out leadership roles in the movement of independent theaters; 2) to rescue them from oblivion; 3) to analyze them comparatively; 4) and to link them with their participation within political parties and women’s movements. In this sense, we come to the conclusion that there is a correlation between their involvement in the feminist struggle and the possibility they had (and gave other women) to occupy management positions.

Materiales mágicos: conjuros, hechicería, necromancia y otros dispositivos de economía antropológica en el pensamiento griego Mársico, Claudia Teresa The studies on ancient philosophy have a long tradition of analysis about the Greek views on anthropology. The beliefs developed in Greece from the archaic to the Hellenistic times offer a wide range of variants different from the opposition between soul and body that became traditional in the classical period, with continuities and contrasts regarding later thought. However, some important elements go often unnoticed and this compromises the quality of the reconstruction of the ancient epoch. In this work, we will study three points related to magic: the spells, the ghosts and necromancy, in order to infer from these materials the underlying anthropological structure.; Los estudios sobre filosofía antigua son pródigos en estudios sobre las concepciones en torno de la estructura antropológica. Las creencias desarrolladas en Grecia desde la época arcaica hasta el período helenístico ofrece un panorama amplio de variantes distintas de la oposición entre alma y cuerpo que devino tradicional en la época clásica. Algunos elementos relevantes, sin embargo, suelen quedar desdibujados y eso atenta contra la calidad de la reconstrucción del imaginario antiguo. En este trabajo consideraremos tres ámbitos asociados con las prácticas mágicas: el terreno de los conjuros, la figura de los fantasmas y la necromancia, con el propósito de inferir a partir de estos datos la estructura antropológica subyacente.; Studiile asupra filosofiei antice au o tradiție îndelungată în ceea ce privește analiza viziunii grecești despre antropologie. Credințele dezvoltate în Grecia din perioada arhaică până în cea elenistică oferă o multitudine de variante privind mai ales opoziția trup–suflet care devine tradițională în epoca clasică. Totuși, câteva elemente importante au rămas neobservate, compromițând calitatea reconstruirii acestor timpuri. În această lucrare autoarea se va concentra pe trei aspecte legate de magie: blestemele, spiritele și necromanția.

Liderazgo fuerte, partido débil: ascenso y rápida desaparición política de Chacho Álvarez y del Frepaso en la Argentina; Strong leadership, weak party: rise and quick political disappearance of Chacho Álvarez and Frepaso in Argentina Zícari, Julian Norberto El trabajo busca repasar la breve pero intensa historia del Frepaso, intentando explicar que su veloz ciclo político de rápido ascenso y estrepitosa descomposición se debió en gran medida al tipo de estructuración con la cual se edificó dicho partido, con un liderazgo omnipresente por parte de Álvarez que conllevó a una debilidad institucional notoria. Así se destaca que a causa del personalismo que adquirió el Frepaso, el partido desarrolló tres debilidades institucionales: la organizativa, la identitaria y la programática. De este modo, los déficits partidarios se proyectarían en la conformación de la Alianza y en la experiencia de gobierno que conllevó, para que todo finalmente contribuya a la veloz desintegración del Frepaso en 2001.; The paper seeks to review the brief but intense history of the Frepaso, trying to explain that his rapid political cycle of quick rise and crushing decomposition was largely due to the type of structure with which the party was built, with a omnipresent leadership on the part of Alvarez which led to a marked institutional weakness. Thus it is emphasized that because of the personalism that the Frepaso acquired, the party developed three institutional weaknesses: the organizational, the identity and the programmatic. In this way, party deficits would be projected in the conformation of the Alliance and in the experience of government it entailed, so that everything would finally contribute to the rapid disintegration of the Frepaso in 2001.

¿Qué hacer ante la crisis de la Universidad?: A un siglo de la Reforma Universitaria; What is to be Done to cope the crisis of the University?: A century after the University Reform Drivet, Leandro Este trabajo ofrece una reflexión sobre el presente de nuestras universidades, a la luz del legado del Manifiesto Liminar de la Reforma Universitaria de junio de 1918. Para comenzar, recuperamos las líneas claves de ese texto y, apoyados en bibliografía especializada acerca de la crisis universitaria mundial de nuestros días y en observaciones que corren por nuestra cuenta, avanzamos sobre un diagnóstico de los males que aquejan a la universidad contemporánea y obstaculizan la realización de su Idea. Para complementar y especificar esa mirada crítica de carácter general, recurrimos a bibliografía local en la que se ponen de relieve algunos rasgos específicos de la crisis universitaria argentina. La subordinación de la universidad a los imperativos sistémicos del capitalismo financiero, con la consecuente eliminación de las humanidades y de cualquier inversión destinada a disciplinas no inmediatamente productivas, parecen ser las líneas dominantes de la decadencia educativa, y no sólo en el nivel superior. No obstante, junto a las tendencias objetivas o impersonales que restringen el núcleo crítico de la universidad, es posible subrayar un decisivo componente subjetivo, una responsabilidad histórica y política, que, de revertir su sentido dominante, brindaría un margen de acción de dimensiones imprevisibles. Para finalizar, y en la estela de la reciente conmemoración de la revolución rusa, se realiza una propuesta con la cual se espera contribuir a la realización de la Idea de universidad como centro de crítica humano: la creación de un órgano periodístico universitario.; This work offers a reflection on the present of our universities, in light of the le-gacy of the Manifesto Liminarof the University Reform of June 1918. To begin, we recover the key lines of that text and, supported by specialized bibliography about the global university crisis of our days, and in observations that run on our own, we advance on a diagnosis of the ills that afflict the contemporary university and hinder the realization of his Idea. To complement and specify this critical look of a general nature, we turn to local bibliography in which some specific features of the Argentine university crisis are highlighted. The subordination of the university to the systemic imperatives of financial capitalism, with the consequent elimina-tion of the humanities and of any investment destined to disciplines not imme-diately productive, seem to be the dominant lines of educational decline, and not only at the university level. However, along with the objective or impersonal ten-dencies that restrict the critical core of the university, it is possible to underline a decisive subjective component, a historical and political responsibility, which, if it reverses its dominant sense, would provide a margin of action of unpredictable dimensions. Finally, and in the wake of the recent commemoration of the Russian Revolution, a proposal is made with which it is hoped to contribute to the reali-zation of the Idea of a university as a center of human criticism: the creation of a university journalism body.

El cortometraje latinoamericano moderno: Experimentación estética y vínculos con el campo cultural en Argentina, Cuba y México; The modern latin american short film: Aesthetic experimentation and connections with the cultural field in Argentina, Cuba and Mexico Cossalter, Javier Las cinematografías de Argentina, México y Cuba, heterogéneas en su conformación fílmica industrial, advirtieron a mediados de la década del cincuenta una renovación productiva y expresiva en diálogo con las transformaciones acontecidas en el terreno cultural. Fue precisamente el cortometraje aquel medio impulsor de la renovación. El presente artículo realiza un análisis comparado de dichos cines a partir de tres textos fílmicos de corta duración y de los respectivos contextos cinematográficos y culturales de producción. Explorando la corriente del film sobre arte el cortometraje evidencia su rol fundamental en la constitución de la modernidad cinematográfica latinoamericana a través de la experimentación estética del lenguaje y de su vínculo semántico con la reconfiguración acaecida en el campo cultural y artístico regional.; The cinematography of Argentina, Mexico and Cuba —heterogeneous in their industrial filmmaking— saw a productive and expressive renewal in the mid-1950s in dialogue with other transformations in the cultural field. The driving force of renovation was the short film. The present article makes a comparative analysis of these cinemas and the respective cinematographic and cultural contexts of production as exemplified in three short films. Exploring the genre of films dealing with art, this article shows the fundamental role of the short movie in the constitution of modern Latin American cinema through the aesthetic experimentation with language and its semantic link with the reconfiguration of regional cultural and artistic fields.

Justicia distributiva y justa medida en Platón; Distributive justice and due measure in Plato Santa Cruz, Maria Isabel En este artículo se examina la caracterización de la justicia que ofrece Platón en las Leyes, tanto de la justicia distributiva entendida como igualdad proporcional, como de la justicia correctiva, anticipando los desarrollos de Aristóteles en la Ética Nicomaquea. Se pretende poner de manifiesto en qué medida la concepción de la justicia en las Leyes puede acercarse a la presentada en la República, y se sostiene que el criterio último que, de algún modo, las unifica es la noción de medida y, más precisamente, de justa medida. Sobre el final del artículo, se discute hasta qué punto es posible atribuir a Platón, como lo han hecho algunos autores, una defensa del "derecho natural".; This article examines the characterization of justice that Plato offers in the Laws, both of the distributive justice understood as proportional equality, and of the corrective justice, anticipating the developments of Aristotle in his Nichomachean Ethics. The aim is to show to what extent the conception of justice in the Laws is not so far from that presented in the Republic. The main point is to bring out that the ultimate criterion that, in some way, unifies the different presentations of justice is the notion of measure and, more precisely, of due measure. At the end of the article, it is discussed to what extent it is possible to attribute to Plato, as some authors have done, a defense of "natural right".

Cultura visual de cazadores Shelk´nam/Haush y Yámana/Yagán de Tierra del Fuego: una comparación entre fotografías, textos y artefactos arqueológicos; Visual culture from Shelk´nam/Haush and Yámana/Yagán hunters of Tierra del Fuego: a comparative study among photographs, texts and archaeological artifacts Butto, Ana Rosa; Saletta, María José; Fiore, Danae En este trabajo exploraremos la conformación de una cultura visual occidental sobre dos pueblos originarios fueguinos, que asoció a los Shelk´nam/Haush con un ethos cazador terrestre y a los Yámana/Yagán con un ethos cazador marino. Para ello, analizamos 513 fotografías de Shelk´nam/Haush y 428 de Yámana/Yagán y las combinamos con la información de 58 fuentes escritas sobre los Shelk´nam/Haush y 103 sobre los Yámana/Yagán y con datos arqueológicos de los territorios de dichas sociedades. La comparación de esos registros permite discutir: a) la visibilidad diferencial de los artefactos asociados a un modo de vida cazador terrestre -arcos y flechas- y aquellos asociados a un modo de vida cazador marino -arpones- y b) el/los género/s asociado/s a ambas actividades de caza. Se concluye que la visibilidad de los artefactos en la cultura visual y escrita asociada a cada sociedad refiere tanto a la idiosincrasia de las propias sociedades, como a los imaginarios de los viajeros occidentales que los contactaron.

Del centro a la periferia: las escuelas de cine nacionales, las rupturas del cortometraje y las nuevas formas de representación de los sectores populares en la transición del cine clásico al moderno; From the center to the periphery: the national film schools, the short films' ruptures and the new forms of representation of the popular sectors in the transition from classical to modern cinema Cossalter, Javier El artículo aborda la problemática de las escuelas de cine de universidades nacionales y el cortometraje como agentes fundamentales en la transición del cine clásico al cine moderno, y en el posterior asentamiento de este último. A partir del desarrollo histórico de las cinco escuelas destacadas del período se podrán observar algunos rasgos compartidos que se erigieron como novedades: modalidades alternativas de concebir el cine, la descentralización de la producción y la apertura geográfica, la formación profesional y el compromiso socio-político colectivo. Luego, a través del análisis fílmico de dos corpus de cortos realizados al interior de dichas entidades se podrá constatar el carácter moderno de estas obras en dos vertientes primordiales: la experimentación estética y la autorreflexión del medio expresivo por un lado, y la adopción de un enfoque crítico con respecto a la representación de los sectores subalternos, por el otro; cualidades que, gracias a las potencialidades estructurales del film breve, rompen con la transparencia del relato y el punto de vista relativista o populista, características centrales del canon clásico dentro del cine argentino.; The article addresses the problems of film schools in national universities and short films as fundamental agents in the transition from classical cinema to modern cinema, and in the subsequent establishment of the latter. From the historical development of the five fundamental schools of the period, some shared features that were erected as novelties can be observed alternative ways of conceiving cinema, the decentralization of production and geographical opening, professional training and collective sociopolitical commitment. Then, through the filmic analysis of two groups of short films made within these entities, the modern character of these works can be seen in two primordial aspects: aesthetic experimentation and self-reflection of the expressive medium on the one hand, and the adoption of a critical approach in the representation of the subaltern sectors, on the other; qualities that, thanks to the structural potentialities of the short film, break with the transparency of the narration and the relativist or populist point of view, central characteristics of the classical canon within Argentine cinema.

Trends in beekeeping and honey bee colony losses in Latin America Requier, Fabrice; Antúnez, Karina; Morales, Carolina Laura; Aldea Sánchez, Patricia; Castilhos, Dayson; Garrido, Paula Melisa; Giacobino, Agostina; Reynaldi, Francisco José; Rosso Londoño, Juan Manuel; Santos, Estela; Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro Over the past decade, several countries have carried out monitoring programs of managed honey bee colonies, which suggest beekeeping difficulties, with high colony loss rates all over the world. Although Latin America plays a major role in the global honey supply, information about trends in beekeeping activities and honey bee colony losses are lacking. Using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) dataset and a synthesis of unpublished data of colony losses survey carried out over the last 7 years, we reveal a worrying situation of the beekeeping in this region. The Latin American trends in honey production and beehive numbers are drifting from the global pattern, and several high colony loss rates were registered in this region. These results reveal the presence of beekeeping difficulties in Latin America. However, the variability in methods of colony loss survey across initiatives prevent proper conclusion on loss rates. Efforts are needed to adapt, centralize and standardize methods to monitor honey bee health and colony losses across countries in Latin America, the main objective of the “colony losses” working group at the Latin-American Society for Bee Research, SOLATINA, a large-scale platform created in 2017 to coordinate bee research programs in Latin America.

Análisis de factores de riesgo asociados con anomalías congénitas en recién nacidos de la zona de la cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo; Analysis on risk factors associated with birth defects in newborns in the area of the Matanza-Riachuelo river basin Bidondo, Maria Paz; Groisman, Boris; Gili, Juan Antonio; Liascovich, Rosa; Martin, Maria Cecilia; Tocci, Ana Maria; Flores, Romina; Pus Barraza, Andrea; Barbero, Pablo Miguel Introducción: en la cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo viven aproximadamente 4.885.000 habitantes y es uno de los sitios más contaminados de Argentina. Este estudio evaluó factores de riesgo asociados a anomalías congénitas (AC) y bajo peso al nacimiento. Métodos: se realizó un estudio caso-control en tres hospitales de la cuenca pertenecientes la Red Nacional de Anomalías Congénitas (RENAC) durante un año. Se evaluó asociación de bajo peso y AC, con variables socioeconómicas; reproductivas; distancia de la vivienda durante la gestación a industrias y a cursos de agua. Resultados: la prevalencia de anomalías congénitas en recién nacidos fue de 1,93% (IC 95%: 1,64 ? 2,25). Los factores de riesgo asociados a AC fueron enfermedades maternas agudas y consumo de medicamentos. Los casos presentaron peso y edad gestacional significativamente más bajos y mayor edad materna. No se encontró asociación entre bajo peso o prevalencia de AC con distancia de la vivienda durante el embarazo a industrias ni a los cursos de agua. Conclusión principal: este estudio es la primera investigación en el área de las AC con datos georreferenciados en nuestro país y ha mostrado la factibilidad de efectuar este tipo de investigaciones para evaluar factores de riesgo en la RENAC. Futuras investigaciones orientadas a evaluar AC específicas deberían realizarse a fin de corroborar los resultados del presente estudio.; Introduction: Matanza-Riachuelo basin is one of the most polluted sites in Argentina, with 4,885,000 inhabitants. This study evaluated risk factors associated with congenital anomalies (CA) and low birth weight. Methods: case-control study in three hospitals belonging to the National Network of Congenital Anomalies (RENAC) for one year. We evaluated the association of socioeconomic level, reproductive factors, and distance between place of residence to industrial pollution places and from watercourses of the river, with low birth weight and CA. Results: The prevalence of congenital anomalies in newborn was 1.93% (95% CI:1.64 - 2.25). There were associated risk factors such as acute maternal diseases and consumption of drugs. Cases had weight and gestational age significantly lower and higher maternal age than the controls. We did not find association between low birth weight and prevalence of congenital anomalies with distance from the housing of pregnant women to sources of contamination. Conclusions: This study is the first research in Argentina with geo-referenced data and newborn with CA. It has shown the feasibility of carrying out this type of research to evaluate risk factors in the RENAC. Future research to assess specific type of CA should be conducted to corroborate the results of this study.

"Un puñado de cosas que permanecen" Tatián, Diego Esta intervención va a procurar apenas considerar una frase, muy conocida, que puede encontrarse en el discurso que Deodoro Roca leyó durante el Primer Congreso Nacional de Estudiantes que sesionó la última semana de julio de 1918 en el Teatro Rivera Indarte. La frase dice: "Ir a nuestras universidades a vivir, no a pasar por ellas". Ese Congreso estudiantil, dicho sea al pasar, tuvo una significación fundamental. Luego de días de intensas discusiones entre representantes de las federaciones estudiantiles que habían llegado a Córdoba desde todas las universidades entonces existentes, se elabora un pliego con un conjunto de reivindicaciones, entre las cuales derogar el pago de las materias aprobadas; organizar campañas de alfabetización y de salud pública; abrir escuelas nocturnas para los trabajadores; establecer que el sistema universitario y la enseñanza libre deben ser estatales; afirmar la autonomía económica, científica y administrativa [es una de las pocas veces que la palabra "autonomía" aparece en los documentos reformistas]; construir mil escuelas; implementar un impuesto a la propiedad para financiar los estudios superiores. Tras largas discusiones, finalmente, no incluyen la gratuidad en el pliego.

Differential effects on life history traits and body size of two anuran species inhabiting an environment related to fluorite mine Otero, Manuel Alejandro; Pollo, Favio Ezequiel; Grenat, Pablo Raúl; Salas, Nancy Edith; Martino, Adolfo Ludovico Mining activity is an important cause of physicochemical, biological, and landscape alterations. Several studies involving disturbed environments confirmed the modification of demographic traits in anuran populations. The current study aimed to assess the effects of natural and artificial surface waters associated with a fluorite mine on the body size and life history traits of Rhinella arenarum and Boana cordobae. Sampling was done in three areas: stream running on granitic rock, with medium natural fluoride content (CN); stream running on metamorphic rock, with low natural fluoride content (LV); and artificial decantation pond (DP) with large variation in physicochemical parameters. Adult individuals of the two anuran species were measured and weighed, and their body condition (BC) was calculated. Life history traits were assessed using the skeletochronology method. Individuals from DP weighed significantly heavier than individuals from streams. The BC index in R. arenarum was higher at LV, whereas in B. cordobae, a higher index was obtained at both LV and DP. The average age differs between sites in B. cordobae but not in R. arenarum. Growth coefficient was higher for altered environment in both species (CN; DP), whereas the estimated SVLmax was slightly higher in populations from less disturbed sites (LV). The most affected species was B. cordobae. Therefore, for future studies, it is important to know the biology of sentinel species because not all amphibian species may respond in the same way to similar disturbances. Differences obtained in life history traits may be explained by the lack of survival of larger/older individuals or compensatory growth, required to balance fast growth with the costs on survival at more disturbed sites.

Agendas y prácticas en materia de desarrollo rural: Notas acerca del tratamiento de una cuestión ambiental. Argentina (2013-2015); Agenda and practices about rural development: Notes about one environmental issue. Argentina (2013-2015) Nogueira, Maria Elena Este artículo de investigación propone indagar cómo los nuevos problemas de agenda –o el nuevo tratamiento de viejos temas– contribuyen a prácticas innovadoras en la gestión pública estatal del desarrollo rural. El caso empírico es el Proyecto Adaptación y Resiliencia de la Agricultura Familiar del Noreste ante el Impacto del Cambio Climático y su Variabilidad. Para esto, se identifican las dimensiones teóricas a trabajar respecto del caso: configuración de la agenda y prácticas de los agentes estatales (técnicos). La hipótesis de trabajo sostiene que, sobre estos aspectos, es posible observar matices en la gestión estatal del desarrollo rural en cuanto a la visibilidad de las problemáticas y a la capacidad innovadora de los técnicos. La perspectiva metodológica integra técnicas fundamentalmente cualitativas, en especial, la entrevista en profundidad.; This paper tries to analyze how, new issues in the agenda, or new treatment of old issues, contribute to the implementation of innovative practices in the state public management of rural development. The empirical case is the Proyecto Adaptación y Resiliencia de la Agricultura Familiar del Noreste ante el Impacto del Cambio Climático y su Variabilidad. The reflection is about how the problems are built in the agenda, and the practices of State agents (technicians). From these aspects -visibility of the issues and innovative capacity of the technicians- it is possible to observe differences in the case of rural development. The methodological perspective integrates qualitative techniques, especially the in-depth interview.