Leptolegnia chapmanii (Straminipila: Peronosporomycetes) as a future biorational tool for the control of Aedes aegypti (L.) Gutierrez, Alejandra Concepción; Rueda Páramo, Manuel Enrique; Falvo, Marianel Lucía; Lopez Lastra, Claudia Cristina; Garcia, Juan Jose The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about Leptolegnia chapmanii as a pathogen of mosquito larvae. To this end, we present data on its identification, distribution, host range and effects on non-target organisms, effects of environmental factors, in vitro growth, release and persistence in anthropic environments, and effect combined with other insecticides. The data presented allow confirming its potential as a biocontrol agent.

Macroevolution of thermal tolerance in intertidal crabs from Neotropical provinces: A phylogenetic comparative evaluation of critical limits Faria, Samuel C.; Faleiros, Rogério O.; Brayner, Fábio A.; Alves, Luiz C.; Bianchini, Adalto; Romero, Maria Carolina; Buranelli, Raquel C.; Mantelatto, Fernando L.; McNamara, John C. Thermal tolerance underpins most biogeographical patterns in ectothermic animals. Macroevolutionary patterns of thermal limits have been historically evaluated, but a role for the phylogenetic component in physiological variation has been neglected. Three marine zoogeographical provinces are recognized throughout the Neotropical region based on mean seawater temperature (Tm): the Brazilian (Tm = 26 °C), Argentinian (Tm = 15 °C), and Magellanic (Tm = 9 °C) provinces. Microhabitat temperature (MHT) was measured, and the upper (UL50) and lower (LL50) critical thermal limits were established for 12 eubrachyuran crab species from intertidal zones within these three provinces. A molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed by maximum likelihood using the 16S mitochondrial gene, also considering other representative species to enable comparative evaluations. We tested for: (1) phylogenetic pattern of MHT, UL50, and LL50; (2) effect of zoogeographical province on the evolution of both limits; and (3) evolutionary correlation between MHT and thermal limits. MHT and UL50 showed strong phylogenetic signal at the species level while LL50 was unrelated to phylogeny, suggesting a more plastic evolution. Province seems to have affected the evolution of thermal tolerance, and only UL50 was dependent on MHT. UL50 was similar between the two northern provinces compared to the southernmost while LL50 differed markedly among provinces. Apparently, critical limits are subject to different environmental pressures and thus manifest unique evolutionary histories. An asymmetrical macroevolutionary scenario for eubrachyuran thermal tolerance seems likely, as the critical thermal limits are differentially inherited and environmentally driven.

Evaluation of different hydrocolloids to improve dough rheological properties and bread quality of potato–wheat flour Liu, Xingli; Mu, Taihua; Yamul, Diego Karim; Sun, Hongnan; Zhang, Miao; Chen, Jingwang; Fauconnier, Marie Laure; Perez, Vanina Andrea The aim of study was to investigate the effect of hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), arabic gum (AG), konjac glucomannan (KG) and apple pectin (AP) at 2% (w/w, potato–wheat flour basis) on the potato–wheat dough (the mass ratio was 1:1) rheological, fermentation and bread making properties. The tan δ of potato–wheat dough was significantly increased upon addition of adding HPMC which was close to wheat dough (0.531). Moreover, dough height during fermentation process was significantly improved on addition of hydrocolloids, with the order of HPMC (23.1 mm) > AP (19.3 mm) > AG (18.6 mm) > KG (13.6 mm). Protein bands of potato–wheat dough were pale in the presence of hydrocolloids, suggesting the formation of higher molecular weight aggregates formed between proteins–hydrocolloids or proteins–proteins after fermentation process. Furthermore, HPMC significantly increased specific volume (from 1.45 to 2.22 ml/g), and hydrocolloids restricted the retrogradation of starch in potato–wheat breads.

Rutas y senderos prehispánicos como paisajes : las Quebradas Altas del Valle Calchaquí medio (Salta); Prehispanic paths and trails as landscapes : the high Quebradas of the mid Calchaqui Valley (Salta) Williams, Veronica Isabel; Villegas, Maria Paula El camino imperial que entraba en territorio argentino por el norte a la altura de Kalahoyo pasaba por la Puna y quebrada de Humahuaca dirigiéndose hacia el sur a la "provincia inka de Chicoana" en pleno valle Calchaquí en el noroeste de Argentina. En las quebradas altas del Calchaquí medio en la provincia de Salta se han reconocido una serie de sitios incas y tramos de caminería imperial, llevándonos a postular la importancia de las comunicaciones transversales entre los valles mesotermales y el ambiente puneño en este sector del Tawantinsuyu. Planteamos algunas posibilidades de comunicación entre distintas unidades geoambientales a partir del registro arqueológico e información histórica.; In the high ravines of the mid Calchaqui valley, Salta province, we have found a series of Inca sites and roads that led us to postulate the importance of transversal communications between mesothermal valleys and Puna environment in this area of the Tawantinsuyu. Based on the archaeological record and historical information from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, we discuss the possibilities of communication between different geographic and environmental units.

Examples of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras with the dual Chevalley property Andruskiewitsch, Nicolas; Galindo Martinez, Cesar Neyit; Müller, Monique We present new Hopf algebras with the dual Chevalley property by determining all semisimple Hopf algebras Morita-equivalent to a group algebra over a finite group, for a list of groups supporting a non-trivial finite-dimensional Nichols algebra.

Las coincidencias del pensamiento de John H. Williams y Raúl Prebisch acerca del orden económico internacional de posguerra; Similarities in John H. Williams’ and Raúl Prebisch’s Thought about the International Monetary Order in the Postwar Brenta, Noemi Liliana Este trabajo indaga en las similitudes del pensamiento de Williams y Prebisch sobre el sistema monetario internacional, y analiza la articulación entre los intereses oficiales estadunidenses y los países periféricos en los albores de Bretton Woods, a través de la interpretación del balance de pagos, compartida por ambos, basada en la teoría de la interdependencia y complementariedad centro-periferia. Prebisch mantuvo un largo vínculo de amistad y trabajo con Williams, profesor de Harvard y vicepresidente del Banco de la Reserva Federal de Nueva York en la época de discusión de los planes monetarios internacionales, e impulsó la industrialización de los países periféricos acorde al nuevo orden económico mundial, bajo la hegemonía estadunidense, y con el capital extranjero como requisito necesario, reflejando el aparato conceptual aquí analizado.; This work explores the similarities in Williams’ and Prebisch’s thoughts about the international monetary system, and analyzes the conceptual link between the strategic interests of the United States and those of the peripheral countries, through the interpretation of the balance of payments accounts based on the theory of interdependence centre-periphery, in the dawn of Bretton Woods institutions. Prebisch maintained a relationship of work and friendship with Williams, a Harvard professor and vice president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York when the international monetary plans were discussed, and promoted the industrialisation of peripheral countries according to the new world economic order, under the hegemony of the United States, and based on the foreign capital, putting in practice the theoretical tools here analyzed.

Hybrid nanomaterials based on gum Arabic and magnetite for hyperthermia treatments Horst, María Fernanda; Coral, Diego Fernando; Fernández van Raap, Marcela Beatriz; Alvarez, Mariana; Lassalle, Verónica Leticia In this study, one–step co-precipitation method was conveniently adapted to obtain novel nanomaterials based on Gum Arabic and magnetite. Two synthesis procedures were evaluated: one employing the solid biopolymer in the co-precipitation media; a second using an aqueous solution of the polysaccharide. An exhaustive characterization of both formulations was performed using several specific techniques. The obtained data confirmed the successful incorporation of the gum Arabic on the magnetic core. Values of hydrodynamic diameters, measured by dynamic light scattering, in aqueous dispersions were about 70–80 nm, while sizes lower than 20 nm were registered by TEM microscopy. Surface charge of gum Arabic coated magnetic nanoparticles was significantly different from the corresponding to raw materials (magnetite and GA). This fact confirmed the formation of hybrid nanosystems with novel and specific properties. The potential utility of these materials was tested regarding to magnetic hyperthermia therapy under radiofrequency fields. Magnetocalorimetric measurements were performed in a wide range of field amplitude and frequency. Specific absorption rate of 218 W/gFe was determined at field frequency of 260 kHz and amplitude of 52 kA/m. These results demonstrate their viability to be applied in tumor ablation treatments. Using the linear response theory and restricting field parameters to the accepted biomedical window, maximum useful value of 74 w/gFe is predicted at 417 kHz and 12 kA/m.

Community recommendations on terminology and procedures used in flooding and low oxygen stress research Sasidharan, Rashmi; Bailey Serres, Julia; Ashikari, Motoyuki; Atwell, Brian J.; Colmer, Timothy D.; Fagerstedt, Kurt; Fukao, Takeshi; Geigenberger, Peter; Hebelstrup, Kim H.; Hill, Robert D.; Holdsworth, Michael J.; Ismail, Abdelbagi M.; Licausi, Francesco; Mustroph, Angelika; Nakazono, Mikio; Pedersen, Ole; Perata, Pierdomenico; Sauter, Margret; Shih, Ming-Che; Sorrell, Brian K.; Striker, Gustavo Gabriel; van Dongen, Joost T.; Whelan, James; Xiao, Shi; Visser, Eric J. W.; Voesenek, Laurentius A. C. J. Here we establish a unified set of experimental and terminology guidelines related to flooding and low oxygen stress research. We advocate the usage of these guidelines by all members of this research community, to promote better experimental comparisons and reproducibility needed for addressing the major challenges in the field.

Quality and yield response to the control of Mycosphaerella graminicola in wheat as affected by nitrogen rate and cultivar bread-making characteristics Fleitas, María Constanza; Castro, Ana Carolina; Simon, Maria Rosa Septoria leaf blotch (SLB), caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola, reduces yield and grain quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by affecting the photosynthetically active area of the crop. This might influence grain protein concentration (GPC) and affect bread-making parameters. Nitrogen (N) fertilisation is required to achieve high yields in wheat; however, it may enhance the development of foliar diseases such as SLB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fungicide and N rate on SLB severity, green-leaf-area duration, grain yield and bread-making parameters in three wheat cultivars differing in bread-making characteristics. Two field experiments were conducted during 2009 and 2010 in a split-split-plot design with three fungicide treatments (triazole, triazole-strobilurin, nil) as main plots, three N fertiliser rates as subplots and three cultivars as sub-subplots. Fungicides significantly reduced the area under disease-progress curve (AUDPC) and this was associated with increased yield, which varied among cultivars. The AUDPC was lower in the higher N-rate treatments. Fungicide applications and increasing N rates extended green-leaf-area duration. GPC increased in untreated plots and it was reduced with applications of triazole-strobilurin fungicide. GPC reduction caused by this type of fungicide tended to be lower when the rate of N increased. The two cultivars with low bread-making characteristics showed a tendency to greater reductions in GPC with both fungicide types. Regarding quality variables, only tenacity and dough strength were reduced by the triazole-strobilurin fungicide. On average, for all treatments, tenacity, water absorption and dough development time were higher in the best quality group cultivars.

Validation of satellite altimetry by kinematic GNSS in central East Antarctica Schröder, Ludwig; Richter, Andreas Jorg; Fedorov, Denis V.; Eberlein, Lutz; Brovkov, Evgeny V.; Popov, Sergey V.; Knöfel, Christoph; Horwath, Martin; Dietrich, Reinhard; Matveev, Alexey Y.; Scheinert, Mirko; Lukin, Valery V. Ice-surface elevation profiles of more than 30 000 km in total length are derived from kinematic GNSS (GPS and the Russian GLONASS) observations on sledge convoy vehicles along traverses between Vostok Station and the East Antarctic coast. These profiles have accuracies between 4 and 9 cm. They are used to validate elevation data sets from both radar and laser satellite altimetry as well as four digital elevation models. A crossover analysis with three different processing versions of Envisat radar altimetry elevation profiles yields a clear preference for the relocation method over the direct method of slope correction and for threshold retrackers over functional fit algorithms. The validation of CryoSat-2 low-resolution mode and SARIn mode data sets documents the progress made from baseline B to C elevation products. ICESat laser altimetry data are demonstrated to be accurate to a few decimetres over a wide range of surface slopes. A crossover adjustment in the region of subglacial Lake Vostok combining ICESat elevation data with our GNSS profiles yields a new set of ICESat laser campaign biases and provides new, independent evidence for the stability of the ice-surface elevation above the lake. The evaluation of the digital elevation models reveals the benefits of combining laser and radar altimetry.

Changes in the phenolic profile of Argentinean fresh grapes during production of sun-dried raisins Fabani, Maria Paula; Baroni, María Verónica; Luna, Lorena Celina; Lingua, Mariana Soledad; Monferran, Magdalena Victoria; Paños, Héctor; Tapia, Aníbal Alejandro; Wunderlin, Daniel Alberto; Feresin, Gabriela Egly Changes in the phenolic profile of ‘Arizul’, ‘Sultanina’, ‘Superior’, and ‘Flame’ grapes from the Province of San Juan (Argentina) caused by sun drying were evaluated. Our main goal was to propose that the obtained raisins are a good source of bioactive antioxidants. The ‘Flame’ red variety had the highest amount of total phenols when compared to white raisins (TSP = 201 ± 13 and 154 ± 28 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g DW raisins, respectively). The sun drying of fresh grapes produced an increased amount of phenolic acids and flavonoids (rutin, kaempferol-hexoside, quercetin and isoquercitrin). Multiple regression analysis (MRA), principal components (PC) and factor analysis (FA) showed a high correlation between the phenolic profile and the antioxidant activity (AA) of raisins (r ≥ 0.90, p < 0.05). The ‘Flame’ variety showed the highest AA, which was linked to the amount of gallic acid, astilbin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, isorhamnetin, and isorhamnetin-hexoside present in this variety. On the other hand, the AA in the ‘Arizul’ variety was better correlated with the content of (+)-catechin, caftaric and fertaric acids, whereas the ‘Sultanina’ variety was correlated with resveratrol. Multi-elemental analyses showed that raisins are rich in K (639–883 mg/100 g), Ca (51–121 mg/100 g) and Mg (28–42 mg/100 g). These findings support the potential health properties of raisins as health-promoting food.

Metabolomic profiling reveals a finely tuned, starvation-induced metabolic switch in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes Barisón, María Julia; Rapado, Ludmila Nakamura; Merino, Emilio F.; Furusho Pral, Elizabeth Mieko; Mantilla, Brian Suarez; Marchese, Letícia; Nowicki, Cristina; Silber, Ariel Mariano; Cassera, Maria Belen Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is a protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle involving a triatomine insect and mammals. Throughout its life cycle, the T. cruzi parasite faces several alternating events of cell division and cell differentiation in which exponential and stationary growth phases play key biological roles. It is well accepted that arrest of the cell division in the epimastigote stage, both in the midgut of the triatomine insect and in vitro, is required for metacyclogenesis, and it has been previously shown that the parasites change the expression profile of several proteins when entering this quiescent stage. However, little is known about the metabolic changes that epimastigotes undergo before they develop into the metacyclic trypomastigote stage. We applied targeted metabolomics to measure the metabolic intermediates in the most relevant pathways for energy metabolism and oxidative imbalance in exponentially growing and stationary growth-arrested epimastigote parasites. We show for the first time that T. cruzi epimastigotes transitioning from the exponential to the stationary phase exhibit a finely tuned adaptive metabolic mechanism that enables switching from glucose to amino acid consumption, which is more abundant in the stationary phase. This metabolic plasticity appears to be crucial for survival of the T. cruzi parasite in the myriad different environmental conditions to which it is exposed during its life cycle.

The Uses of Informality: Urban Development and Social Distinction in México City Müller, Frank; Segura, Ramiro La “informalidad urbana” es un significante que es cuestionado por las empresas de bienes raíces, los políticos y los residentes cuando se involucran en estrategias de distinción social para obtener determinados beneficios políticos y económicos. Nuestra investigación en la periferia occidental de la Ciudad de México establece tres casos de ese uso de la informalidad. Primero, las empresas inmobiliarias emplean la informalidad como una amenaza para valorizar y justificar un estilo de vida del mundo desarrollado en comunidades con acceso controlado. Segundo, la informalidad mueve a las asociaciones de dueños de casa a asumir el papel de defensores del vecindario y la función de vigilancia del estado. Tercero, además de reconstituir las fronteras de clase, también sirve como un referente para una movilidad social más amplia en contra de la presunta informalidad de la élite local. Al facilitar la distinción social, la informalidad continúa marginalizando comunidades ya que sigue influyendo en las decisiones sobre la planificación y el acceso a la tierra en el espacio urbano de América Latina.; “Urban informality” is a signifier that is disputed by real estate developers, politicians, and residents in undertaking strategies of social distinction and gaining particular political and economic benefits. Research in the western periphery of Mexico City distinguishes three cases of such use of informality. First, real estate developers employ informality as a threat to valorize and justify an enclosed “First World” lifestyle in gated communities. Second, informality motivates homeowners’ associations to take on a neighborhood-defending and state-monitoring role. Third, besides its function in reconstituting class frontiers, it serves as a referent for broader social mobilization against the perceived informality of the local elite. By facilitating social distinction, informality continues to marginalize communities as it influences planning decisions and access to land in urban Latin America.

Halting the isolation of jaguars: Where to act locally to sustain connectivity in their southernmost population Martínez Pardo, Julia; Paviolo, Agustin Javier; Saura, Santiago; de Angelo, Carlos Daniel Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the major threats to the conservation of biodiversity. Improvement of landscape connectivity becomes one of the main strategies for alleviating these threats and is an increasingly used target in management policies worldwide. However, implementation of connectivity principles in local management actions often implies great difficulties derived from the different criteria used by connectivity analysts and policy makers. We generated a management tool to incorporate connectivity criteria for large carnivores in landscape conservation planning at a local scale. Focusing on the southernmost population of jaguars Panthera onca, we use a graph-based connectivity approach to (1) analyze habitat connectivity and availability in five areas previously identified as main corridors; (2) detect priority forest patches for maintaining connectivity, and (3) propose specific management strategies for each area matching the relative importance and role of the forest patches in it. For this purpose, we defined the patches as the local land management units (properties) and used information on land cover and jaguar movement for determining the probabilities of connectivity metric. We identified the key patches that represent 90% of the total contribution to connectivity in the study areas; these patches were less than half of the total number of patches in each corridor. Based on this forest patch prioritization, we identified the most critical areas and specific patches where urgent conservation measures need to be implemented. The percentage of patches and the total area they covered varied among the five analyzed corridors showing contrasting situations for connectivity management and highlighting the importance of the proposed approach to understand the impact of patch-level actions in a broader connectivity context. This approach might serve as a model to account for habitat connectivity for large carnivores in the design of landscape management and land-use plans at a local scale.

Vosotros a la taberna, ustedes al boliche (Catulo, carmen 37) Marron, Gabriela Andrea En este trabajo proponemos revisar los presupuestos de neutralidad subyacentes tras la adopción del pronombre de segunda persona plural "vosotros" en dos traducciones latinoamericanas del carmen 37 de Catulo: la de Rubén Bonifaz Nuño (1969) y la de Lía Galán (2008). A partir de la convergencia entre el uso pronominal señalado en ambas versiones y el presente en las principales ediciones castellanas del corpus catuliano publicadas en España entre 1950 y 2008, intentaremos mostrar el curioso contraste generado en los otros dos textos, por la inclusión de ciertos términos propios de la variedad lingüística de sus traductores: tales como la connotación sexual del verbo "coger", en el de Galán, y la presencia del diminutivo "chiquito", en el de Bonifaz Nuño. A su vez, confrontaremos ambas traducciones con el resultado obtenido en otras dos versiones del mismo poema, publicadas recientemente en Chile (Sanhueza, 2013) y Argentina (Marrón, 2012), en las que la inclusión de léxico característico de las variedades de cada país coexiste con la elección morfológica del pronombre de segunda persona plural "ustedes" en lugar de "vosotros". Por último, intentaremos establecer un vínculo entre el fenómeno descripto en estas últimas dos traducciones y el observable en algunas de las publicadas en la primera década del siglo XXI en España ?como la de Rosario González Galicia (2002) y la de José Antonio González Iglesias (2006)? en las que el uso del léxico propio de la variedad peninsular impide toda posible inscripción de los textos resultantes en el constructo lingüístico "pretenciosamente" panhispánico denominado "español neutro".; The purpose of this article is to examine the neutrality assumptions lying behind the adoption of the second personal plural pronoun «vosotros» in two Latin-American translations of Catullus’ Carmen 37: one published by Rubén Bonifaz Nuño (1969) and the other by Lía Galán (2008). Although the signaled pronominal use occurs not only in those two texts, but also in the principal Spanish editions of Catullus’ corpus published in Spain between 1950 and 2008, we shall attempt to point at a particular contrast present in those two versions, where the pronoun «vosotros» coexist with lexical elements of the translators’ linguistic varieties: as the sexual connotation of the verb «coger», in Galan’s, or the use of the diminutive «chiquito» in Bonifaz Nuño’s. In addition, we intend to confront both translations with other two Latin–American versions of the same poem recently published in Chile (Sanhueza, 2013) and Argentina (Marrón, 2012), in which the inclusion of lexical items belonging to the translators’ linguistic varieties concur with the morphologic choice of the second personal plural pronoun «ustedes» in detriment of «vosotros». Finally, we shall attempt to link together the interesting phenomenon described in these Chilean and Argentinian versions with the similar trend noticeable in some of the translations published in Spain during the first ten years of the 21st century —as those made by Rosario González Galicia (2002) and by José Antonio González Iglesias (2006)—, where the presence of lexical elements belonging to the Peninsular Spanish variety prevents any possible inscription of the resultant texts in the linguistic —pretentiously— Pan–Hispanic construction designated as «neutral Spanish».

Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 nasal administration improves recovery of T-cell mediated immunity against pneumococcal infection in malnourished mice Barbieri, Natalia Paola del Carmen; Herrera, Héctor Matías; Salva, Maria Susana; Villena, Julio Cesar; Alvarez, Susana Immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria have become an interesting alternative for the prevention of respiratory infections. Previously, we demonstrated that the nasal administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505, during repletion of malnourished mice, resulted in diminished susceptibility to the challenge with the respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Considering the known alterations induced by malnutrition on T lymphocytes and the importance of this cell population on the protection against respiratory pathogens, we aimed to study the effect of L. Rhamnosus CRL1505 nasal administration on the recovery of T cell-mediated defences against pneumococcal infection in malnourished mice under nutritional recovery. Malnourished mice received a balanced conventional diet (BCD) for seven days or BCD for seven days with nasal L. Rhamnosus CRL1505 supplementation during last two days of the treatment. After the treatments mice were infected with S. Pneumoniae. Flow cytometry studies were carried out in bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lung to study T cells, and Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles were determined in broncho-alveolar lavages and serum. The administration of CRL1505 strain to malnourished mice under recovery reduced quantitative and qualitative alterations of CD4+ T cells in the bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lung induced by malnutrition. In addition, CRL1505 treatment augmented Th2- cytokines (interleukin 10 and 4) in respiratory and systemic compartments after pneumococcal infection. These results show that modulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes induced by L. Rhamnosus CRL1505 has an important role in the beneficial effect induced by this strain on the recovery of malnourished mice. These data also indicate that nasally administered L. Rhamnosus CRL1505 may represent a non-invasive alternative to modulate and improve the T cell-mediated immunity against respiratory pathogens in immunocompromised malnourished hosts.

A través del Fondo Tecnológico Argentino se presentaron las distintas líneas de financiamiento del organismo en la feria internacional que se desarrolló en Rosario, Santa Fe.

El Fondo Tecnológico Argentino (FONTAR) anuncia los resultados del proceso de reconsideración para la convocatoria ANR P+L 2016 C1 mediante Resolución de Directorio N°087/17.

El Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, e Innovación Productiva conjuntamente con el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto y la Agencia Argentina de Inversiones y Comercio Internacional convocan a empresas argentinas a participar en la feria "BIO INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION" que se llevará a cabo en la ciudad de San Diego, Estados Unidos, del 19 al 22 de junio de 2017.

La Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, a través del Fondo Fiduciario de Promoción de la Industria del Software (FONSOFT), en el marco del Programa para promover la innovación productiva a través del fortalecimiento y consolidación de Capital Humano aplicado a la industria de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TICs), Préstamo BIRF 7559/AR, convoca a los estudiantes de grado de Universidades Públicas, de carreras relacionadas con el sector TICs, que hayan aprobado al menos el 80% de la carrera, a la presentación de Ideas Proyecto para la Innovación y Desarrollo de Productos, Servicios, Sistemas o Soluciones en Tecnología de la Información, para la adjudicación de cupos de becas para la finalización de los estudios de grado, según el encuadramiento sobre industria del software.