Soil physical quality and soybean yield as affected by chiseling and subsoiling of a no-till soil Lozano, Luis Alberto; Soracco, Carlos Germán; Villarreal, Rafael; Ressia, Juan Manuel; Sarli, Guillermo Oliverio; Filgueira, Roberto Raul The concept of soil physical quality (SPQ) is currently under discussion, and an agreement about which soil physical properties should be included in the SPQ characterization has not been reached. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of SPQ indicators based on static and dynamic soil properties to assess the effects of two loosening treatments (chisel plowing to 0.20 m [ChT] and subsoiling to 0.35 m [DL]) on a soil under NT and to compare the performance of static- and dynamic-based SPQ indicators to define soil proper soil conditions for soybean yield. Soil sampling and field determinations were carried out after crop harvest. Soil water retention curve was determined using a tension table, and field infiltration was measured using a tension disc infiltrometer. Most dynamic SPQ indicators (field saturated hydraulic conductivity, K0, effective macroporosity, εma, total connectivity and macroporosity indexes [CwTP and Cwmac]) were affected by the studied treatments, and were greater for DL compared to NT and ChT (K0 values were 2.17, 2.55, and 4.37 cm h-1 for NT, ChT, and DL, respectively). However, static SPQ indicators (calculated from the water retention curve) were not capable of distinguishing effects among treatments. Crop yield was significantly lower for the DL treatment (NT: 2,400 kg ha-1; ChT: 2,358 kg ha-1; and DL: 2,105 kg ha1), in agreement with significantly higher values of the dynamic SPQ indicators, K0, εma, CwTP, and Cwmac, in this treatment. The results support the idea that SPQ indicators based on static properties are not capable of distinguishing tillage effects and predicting crop yield, whereas dynamic SPQ indicators are useful for distinguishing tillage effects and can explain differences in crop yield when used together with information on weather conditions. However, future studies, monitoring years with different weather conditions, would be useful for increasing knowledge on this topic.

Development of a mechanism and an accurate and simple mathematical model for the description of drug release: Application to a relevant example of acetazolamide-controlled release from a bio-inspired elastin-based hydrogel Fernández Colino, A.; Bermudez, Jose Maria; Arias, F. J.; Quinteros, Daniela Alejandra; Gonzo, Elio Emilio Transversality between mathematical modeling, pharmacology, and materials science is essential in order to achieve controlled-release systems with advanced properties. In this regard, the area of biomaterials provides a platform for the development of depots that are able to achieve controlled release of a drug, whereas pharmacology strives to find new therapeutic molecules and mathematical models have a connecting function, providing a rational understanding by modeling the parameters that influence the release observed. Herein we present a mechanism which, based on reasonable assumptions, explains the experimental data obtained very well. In addition, we have developed a simple and accurate "lumped" kinetics model to correctly fit the experimentally observed drug-release behavior. This lumped model allows us to have simple analytic solutions for the mass and rate of drug release as a function of time without limitations of time or mass of drug released, which represents an important step-forward in the area of in vitro drug delivery when compared to the current state of the art in mathematical modeling. As an example, we applied the mechanism and model to the release data for acetazolamide from a recombinant polymer. Both materials were selected because of a need to develop a suitable ophthalmic formulation for the treatment of glaucoma. The in vitro release model proposed herein provides a valuable predictive tool for ensuring product performance and batch-to-batch reproducibility, thus paving the way for the development of further pharmaceutical devices.

Reproductive biology of the southern thorny skate Amblyraja doellojuradoi (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae) Delpiani, Gabriela Elina The total lengths (LT) of 193 males (209-556mm) and 130 females (275-515mm) of Amblyraja doellojuradoi, a commercial by-catch species on the Argentinean continental shelf, which are increasingly retained, were analysed. No sexual dimorphism was observed in the LT at which 50% of individuals were sexually mature; males matured at 448mm and females at 411mm, c. 80 and 82% of maximum LT. The hepato-somatic index was similar among sexes, but significantly different between maturity stages, being lower in mature than immature specimens. Males had no seasonal difference in the hepato-somatic index and females had the lowest index in autumn. The gonado-somatic index was lower in males than in females and significantly higher in mature than immature specimens of both sexes. Males had the highest index in autumn and females had no seasonal difference. Collectively, these results would indicate that A. doellojuradoi breeds in autumn.

Variation in parental care in the spectacled tyrant Hymenops perspicillatus is associated with increased nest predation in grassland fragments; Unterschiede in der Brutpflege beim Brillentyrann steht in Verbindung mit einer erhöhten Nest-Prädationsrate in fragmentiertem Grasland Pretelli, Matías Guillermo; Isacch, Juan Pablo; Cardoni, Daniel Augusto Predation risk on birds is often an important source of natural selection that shapes parental care and may promote behavioral changes. Parents can often estimate certain risks and adjust their behavior to reduce the likelihood of nest predation. The fragmentation of habitats is one of the main consequences of loss of habitats, and in general, for birds breeding in smaller patches, their daily nest-survival rate is lower due to increased nest predation. Since nest survival is an estimate of predation risk in the environment, we evaluated the daily survival rate (DSR) for nests of spectacled tyrants (Hymenops perspicillatus) and parental care behavior on fragmented and unfragmented grasslands. We conducted nest searching and monitoring during the 2012-2013 breeding season in small patches and in a continuous patch of grassland. In addition, parental activity was recorded using video monitoring. We found a lower DSR for the spectacled tyrant in fragmented grasslands, associated with increased nest predation risk; females showed a variation in parental care. This variation was evidenced by larger incubation bouts and lower visitation rate during the incubation period, and by a lower food delivery rate to nestlings, compensated by larger prey sizes. The results show that fragmentation not only reduces the fitness of individuals and impacts adversely on population, but individuals are also subjected to a strong selection pressure, and their reproductive success may depend to some extent on the ability of parents to estimate at least certain predation risk and adjust their behavior in this regard.

Photochemical study of Eosin-Y with PAMAM dendrimers in aqueous solution Arbeloa, Ernesto Maximiliano; Previtali, Carlos Mario; Bertolotti, Sonia Graciela A steady-state and time-resolved study of the xanthene dye Eosin-Y (Eos) in the presence of amino-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers in alkaline aqueous solution is presented. Stationary photolysis experiments in deaerated and air equilibrated solutions were carried out. The absorption spectra of the photolyzed solutions in the absence of oxygen showed the formation of several intermediate species. With the aid of laser flash photolysis technique (LFP) those transients could be ascribed to semireduced and partially debrominated species of Eos. The triplet quenching rate-constant (3kq) and radical quantum yields (ΦR) were determined by LFP. In the presence of PAMAM, the triplet lifetime of Eos is greatly decreased and the data fitted to a Stern–Volmer treatment. These experiments indicated that the electron transfer from dendrimers to Eos is a highly favored process. Based on the results found in this work, we concluded that Eos/PAMAM couple might act as a promising photoinitiator of vinyl polymerization with low ecological impact.

Palynotaphofacies analysis applied to Jurassic marine deposits, Neuquén Basin, Argentina Martinez, Marcelo Adrian; Olivera, Daniela Elizabeth; Zavala, Carlos Alberto; Quattrocchio, Mirta Elena Taphonomic analysis was performed on palynological samples of marine successions from the Cuyo Group of the Neuquén Basin. The group comprises the Los Molles and Lajas Formations (Middle Jurassic) and represents the first major marine depositional episode after the configuration of the basin. A total of 21 outcrop samples from five sections, located in the central-western part of the basin, were analyzed. The palynological counts of each sample were carried out taking into account the preservation state of the palynomorphs, which was mainly influenced by two parameters: their intrinsic properties and the environmental depositional conditions. Four main deterioration types (corrosion, degradation, mechanical damage, and concealment by authigenic minerals) and their six combinations were identified. The growth of pyrite crystals within the palynomorphs was strongly influenced by the exine structure, being dominant in bisaccate pollen grains. Mechanical damage appears to be the most important deterioration type, reflecting the highly dynamic conditions of shelfal marine environments. The term Palynotaphofacies (Pt) was proposed to characterize a sedimentary rock yielding palynological associations with distinctive preservational features. Three palynotaphofacies have been recognized: Pt-1 (tidal-influenced environments) is characterized by the highest percentage of deteriorated forms, reflecting either intermittent exposure to weathering or intense reworking. Pt-2 shows the highest percentage of well-preserved palynomorphs associated with rapid burial due to a high sedimentation rate and it comes from the delta-front facies of fluvial-dominated deltas. Finally, Pt-3 was identified in samples of prodelta hyperpycnites with a wide predominance of terrigenous components and it is characterized by the coexistence of well-preserved and deteriorated palynomorphs.

El uso de testimonios en la indagación sobre violencias institucionales y de género; The use of testimony in the inquiry on institutional violence and gender Colanzi, Irma Cecilia El presente artículo propone una problematización de las categorías conceptuales de las violencias y los testimonios de las mujeres que denuncian las mismas. Se analiza la categoría de testimonio desde las contribuciones de la historia reciente y el feminismo, con el objetivo de establecer un paralelismo entre las violencias sistemáticas como han sido el genocidio del pueblo judío o el exterminio en los centros clandestinos de detención en la dictadura cívico militar de nuestro país. El análisis que se efectúa entonces en relación con los testimonios de las mujeres en situación de violencias se orienta a revalorizar las voces de las mujeres que interpelan el tejido social en la medida en que problematizan una problemática estructural, como es la subordinación de las mujeres en un contexto de violencia, y se posicionan denunciando una violencia a sus derechos humanos, una violencia al ejercicio de su ciudadanía. Se advierte la necesidad de seguir consolidando nuevas discusiones y herramientas en función de la complejidad de la problemática, y la dinámica ágil que adquiere tanto por las prácticas sociales, como por los recursos judiciales y técnicos que exigen.; This article proposes a problematization of the conceptual categories of violence and testimonies of women who report them. The category of testimony is analyzed from the contributions of recent history and feminism, with the aim of establishing a parallel between the systematic violence as were the genocide of the Jewish people or extermination in clandestine detention centers in the civil-military dictatorship of our country. The analysis is then carried out in relation to the testimony of women in situations of violence is aimed at revaluing women's voices that challenge the social fabric to the extent that problematize a structural problem, as is the subordination of women in a context of violence, and position denouncing violence of their human rights, violence to exercise their citizenship. The need to further consolidate further discussions and tools depending on the complexity of the problem, and agile dynamic that acquires both social practices, such as judicial and technical resources required warns.

Sociabilidades, redes y circulación de saberes en la conformación de un “ámbito psi” en la Argentina de entreguerras (Santa Fe, 1919-1943); Sociabilities, networks and the circulation of knowledges in the creation of a “psy scope” in Argentina during the inter-war period (Santa Fe, 1919-1943) Allevi, José Ignacio El artículo presenta los avances de una investigación referida a la construcción de un campo científico psi en Argentina durante el período de entreguerras, con foco en espacios subnacionales. A partir de l920, el movimiento de la higiene mental, en sus diferentes expresiones disciplinares, adquirió una notable presencia en la esfera pública, en la enseñanza universitaria y – tardíamente – en las políticas de salud, en un movimiento expansivo que derivó en la conformación de un campo autónomo y con lógicas propias. Sostenemos que la constitución de dicho “campo psi” – en tanto inexistente – fue posible mayormente por la fuerza de redes de sociabilidad que facilitaron la gestión de recursos y espacios institucionales de poder que permitieron autonomizar y constituir el campo.; This article presents the findings of a research study on the construction of a psy scientific field in Argentina during the inter-war period, with a focus on subnational spaces. After 1920, the mental hygiene movement, in its different disciplinary manifestations, became notable in the public sphere, in university education and – belatedly – in healthcare policies, in an expansion that led to the creation of an autonomous field with its own logic. I argue that the creation of this “psy field” – while it was as yet inexistent – was largely due to the strength of sociability networks that facilitated the management of resources and institutional spaces of power, making it possible for the field to become independent and established.

Homogeneous geodesics in pseudo-Riemannian nilmanifolds del Barco, Viviana Jorgelina We study the geodesic orbit property for nilpotent Lie groups N when endowed with a pseudo-Riemannian left-invariant metric. We consider this property with respect to different groups acting by isometries. When N acts on itself by left-translations we show that it is a geodesic orbit space if and only if the metric is bi-invariant. Assuming N is 2-step nilpotent and with non-degenerate center we give algebraic conditions on the Lie algebra n of N in order to verify that every geodesic is the orbit of a one-parameter subgroup of N ⋊ Auto(N). In addition we present an example of an almost g.o. space such that for null homogeneous geodesics, the natural parameter of the orbit is not always the affine parameter of the geodesic.

Sialic Acid Glycobiology Unveils Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigote Membrane Physiology Lantos, Andrés Bernardo Gabriel; Carlevaro, Giannina Alejandra; Araoz, Beatriz; Ruiz Díaz, Pablo Daniel; Camara, María de los Milagros; Buscaglia, Carlos Andres; Bossi, Mariano Luis; Yu, Hai; Chen, Xi; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.; Mucci, Juan Sebastián; Campetella, Oscar Eduardo Trypanosoma cruzi, the flagellate protozoan agent of Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, is unable to synthesize sialic acids de novo. Mucins and trans-sialidase (TS) are substrate and enzyme, respectively, of the glycobiological system that scavenges sialic acid from the host in a crucial interplay for T. cruzi life cycle. The acquisition of the sialyl residue allows the parasite to avoid lysis by serum factors and to interact with the host cell. A major drawback to studying the sialylation kinetics and turnover of the trypomastigote glycoconjugates is the difficulty to identify and follow the recently acquired sialyl residues. To tackle this issue, we followed an unnatural sugar approach as bioorthogonal chemical reporters, where the use of azidosialyl residues allowed identifying the acquired sugar. Advanced microscopy techniques, together with biochemical methods, were used to study the trypomastigote membrane from its glycobiological perspective. Main sialyl acceptors were identified as mucins by biochemical procedures and protein markers. Together with determining their shedding and turnover rates, we also report that several membrane proteins, including TS and its substrates, both glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, are separately distributed on parasite surface and contained in different and highly stable membrane microdomains. Notably, labeling for α(1,3)Galactosyl residues only partially colocalize with sialylated mucins, indicating that two species of glycosylated mucins do exist, which are segregated at the parasite surface. Moreover, sialylated mucins were included in lipid-raft-domains, whereas TS molecules are not. The location of the surface-anchored TS resulted too far off as to be capable to sialylate mucins, a role played by the shed TS instead. Phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase-C activity is actually not present in trypomastigotes. Therefore, shedding of TS occurs via microvesicles instead of as a fully soluble form.

Hemin induces mitophagy in a leukemic erythroblast cell line Fader Kaiser, Claudio Marcelo; Salassa, Betiana Nebaí; Grosso, Rubén Adrián; Vergara Escardini, Agustín Nicolás; Colombo, Maria Isabel In eukaryotic cells, autophagy is considered a lysosomal catabolic process which participates in the degradation of intracellular components in a vacuolar structure termed autolysosome. This pathway plays a significant role in the erythropoiesis process, contributing to the clearance of some organelles (such as mitochondria) that are not necessary in the mature red blood cells. Nevertheless, the role of autophagy in erythrocyte maturation has not been fully established.RESULTS:Here, we have demonstrated that hemin (a physiological erythroid maturation stimulator) is able to induce the expression of critical autophagic genes (i.e., Map1a1b (LC3), Beclin-1 gen, Atg5) in an erythroleukemia cell type. We have also shown that hemin increased the size of autophagic vacuoles which were labelled with LC3 and the degradative lysosomal marker dye quenched-bovine serum albumin. In addition, we have determined by Western blot a rise in the lipidated form of the autophagic protein LC3 (i.e., LC3-II) upon hemin treatment. Moreover, we provide evidence that hemin induces mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and that mitochondria sequestration by autophagy requires the active form of the NIX protein.CONCLUSIONS:We have found that the physiological erythroid maturation stimulator hemin is able to induce mitophagy in K562 cells, and that the autophagy adaptor NIX is necessary for mitophagy progression. K562 cells have been used as a relevant model to determine the possible therapeutic role of new differentiating compounds.SIGNIFICANCE:It has been proposed that autophagy induction is a feasible new therapeutic key in fighting cancer. Our results suggest that hemin is favoring erythroid maturation by inducing an autophagic response in K562 cells, being a possible therapeutic candidate that may help in the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) treatment.

Genes regulated by potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 15 (Kctd15) in the developing neural crest Bun Wong, Thomas Chi; Rebbert, Martha; Wang, Chengdong; Chen, Xiongfong; Heffer, Alison; Zarelli, Valeria Eugenia Paola; Dawid, Igor B.; Zhao, Hui Neural crest (NC) development is controlled precisely by a regulatory network with multiple signaling pathways and the involvement of many genes. The integration and coordination of these factors are still incompletely understood. Overexpression of Wnt3a and the BMP antagonist Chordin in animal cap cells from Xenopus blastulae induces a large number of NC specific genes. We previously suggested that Potassium Channel Tetramerization Domain containing 15 (Kctd15) regulates NC formation by affecting Wnt signaling and the activity of transcription factor AP-2. In order to advance understanding of the function of Kctd15 during NC development, we performed DNA microarray assays in explants injected with Wnt3a and Chordin, and identified genes that are affected by Kctd15 overexpression. Among the many genes identified, we chose Duf domain containing protein 1 (ddcp1), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor a (pdgfra), Complement factor properdin (cfp), Zinc Finger SWIM-Type Containing 5 (zswim5), and complement component 3 (C3) to examine their expression by whole mount in situ hybridization. Our work points to a possible role for Kctd15 in the regulation of NC formation and other steps in embryonic development.

The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms Ezcurra, Martin Daniel The early evolution of archosauromorphs during the Permo-Triassic constitutes an excellent empirical case study to shed light on evolutionary radiations in deep time and the timing and processes of recovery of terrestrial faunas after a mass extinction. However, macroevolutionary studies of early archosauromorphs are currently limited by poor knowledge of their phylogenetic relationships. In particular, one of the main early archosauromorph groups that need an exhaustive phylogenetic study is “Proterosuchia,” which as historically conceived includes members of both Proterosuchidae and Erythrosuchidae. A new data matrix composed of 96 separate taxa (several of them not included in a quantitative phylogenetic analysis before) and 600 osteological characters was assembled and analysed to generate a comprehensive higher-level phylogenetic hypothesis of basal archosauromorphs and shed light on the species-level interrelationships of taxa historically identified as proterosuchian archosauriforms. The results of the analysis using maximum parsimony include a polyphyletic “Prolacertiformes” and “Protorosauria,” in which the Permian Aenigmastropheus and Protorosaurus are the most basal archosauromorphs. The enigmatic choristoderans are either found as the sister-taxa of all other lepidosauromorphs or archosauromorphs, but consistently placed within Sauria. Prolacertids, rhynchosaurs, allokotosaurians and tanystropheids are the major successive sister clades of Archosauriformes. The Early Triassic Tasmaniosaurus is recovered as the sister-taxon of Archosauriformes. Proterosuchidae is unambiguosly restricted to five species that occur immediately after and before the Permo-Triassic boundary, thus implying that they are a short-lived “disaster” clade. Erythrosuchidae is composed of eight nominal species that occur during the Early and Middle Triassic. “Proterosuchia” is polyphyletic, in which erythrosuchids are more closely related to Euparkeria and more crownward archosauriforms than to proterosuchids, and several species are found widespread along the archosauromorph tree, some being nested within Archosauria (e.g., “Chasmatosaurus ultimus,” Youngosuchus). Doswelliids and proterochampsids are recovered as more closely related to each other than to other archosauromorphs, forming a large clade (Proterochampsia) of semi-aquatic to aquatic forms that includes the bizarre genus Vancleavea. Euparkeria is one of the sister-taxa of the clade composed of proterochampsians and archosaurs. The putative Indian archosaur Yarasuchus is recovered in a polytomy with Euparkeria and more crownward archosauriforms, and as more closely related to the Russian Dongusuchus than to other species. Phytosaurs are recovered as the sister-taxa of all other pseudosuchians, thus being nested within Archosauria.

The TAM family receptor tyrosine kinase TYRO3 is a negative regulator of type 2 immunity Chan, Pamela Y.; Carrera Silva, Eugenio Antonio; De Kouchkovsky, Dimitri; Joannas, Leonel D.; Hao, Liming; Hu, Donglei; Huntsman, Scott; Eng, Celeste; Licona Limón, Paula; Weinstein, Jason S.; De Broski, Herbert R.; Craft , Joseph E.; Flavell, Richard A.; Repetto, Silvia; Correale, Jorge; Burchard, Esteban G.; Torgerson, Dora G.; Ghosh, Sourav; Rothlin, Carla V. Host responses against metazoan parasites or an array of environmental substances elicit type 2 immunity. Despite its protective function, type 2 immunity also drives allergic diseases. The mechanisms that regulate the magnitude of the type 2 response remain largely unknown. Here, we show that genetic ablation of a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded byTyro3in mice or the functional neutralization of its ortholog in human dendritic cells resulted in enhanced type 2 immunity. Furthermore, the TYRO3 agonist PROS1 was induced in T cells by the quintessential type 2 cytokine, interleukin-4. T cell-specificPros1knockouts phenocopied the loss ofTyro3 Thus, a PROS1-mediated feedback from adaptive immunity engages a rheostat, TYRO3, on innate immune cells to limit the intensity of type 2 responses.

El contratismo y su integración al modelo de agronegocios: producción y servicios en la región pampeana; Custom farming and its integration into the agrobusiness model: production and services in the Pampa region Hernandez, Valeria Alicia; Muzlera Klappenbach, José Alberto Si bien existen estudios sobre el desarrollo de los prestadores de servicios agropecuarios de labores culturales -"contratistas" en la jerga nativa-, a lo largo del siglo XX, el crecimiento exponencial de esta actividad y las vertiginosas dinámicas de innovación tecnológica para el agro en relación a este rubro, han abierto nuevos interrogantes respecto de las características productivas y las identidades construidas por estos sujetos. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar cuenta de las distintas estrategias desplegadas respecto a la compra-venta de servicios por parte de estos actores de la producción agrícola, así como también comprender cómo estas estrategias se relacionan con el modelo productivo predominante. El acercamiento que proponemos a continuación, es en base a un relevamiento cuantitativo de hogares de productores agropecuarios (provincias de Buenos Aires y de Santa Fe) y a entrevistas cualitativas sobre trayectorias de vida y empresariales. A partir de la construcción de estos datos analizamos las características de aquellos que implementaron la prestación de servicios agrícolas, en base a las dimensiones materiales e identitarias estudiadas.; Although there are studies about the development of agricultural service providers -"custom farmers" in the local jargon- the exponential growth of this activity throughout the XX century and the dynamics of technological innovation for the agro in connection to this field have posed new questions related to the productive characteristics and the identities built by these subjects. In the approach that follows and which is based on a sample of agricultural producers (provinces of Santa Fe and Buenos Aires) and on qualitative interviews about life stories and business history, we analyzed the characteristics of those who implemented the provision of agricultural services. Taking into account the material and identity dimensions studied we will seek to account for the different strategies displayed regarding the purchase-sale of services by these actors of agricultural production as well as to understand how these strategies are related to the predominant production model.

General solution of a fractional diffusion-advection equation for solar cosmic-ray transport Rocca, Mario Carlos; Plastino, Ángel Ricardo; Plastino, Ángel Luis; Ferri, Gustavo Luis; de Paoli, Ángel Luis In this effort we exactly solve the fractional diffusion-advection equation for solar cosmic-ray transport and give its general solution in terms of hypergeometric distributions. Numerical analysis of this equation shows that its solutions resemble power-laws.

Segmentación del mercado de trabajo según regiones y categorías urbanas: Argentina, 1991-2010; Segmentation of the labour market along urban regions and categories: Argentina, 1991-2010; Segmentação do mercado de trabalho entre as regiões urbanas e categorias: Argentina, 1991-2010 Manzano, Fernando; Velázquez, Guillermo Ángel Este trabajo indaga acerca de la inserción ocupacional de la población argentina, tomando como referencia dos características de relevancia, como ser: la categoría ocupacional y las ramas de actividad de los ocupados. Tradicionalmente la estructura ocupacional suele analizarse mediante los resultados en sus niveles más agregados (Total Nacional, Provincial, etc.). Debido a esto, se incorporará una dimensión más geográfica que tenga en cuenta la variable tamaño de la aglomeración, que será operacionalizada mediante el uso de categorías urbanas, definidas previamente en función de diferentes niveles de densidad poblacional, de la cual se surgirán nuevos resultados vinculados a patrones de inserción laboral de la población, a partir de la fragmentación entre diferentes categorías urbanas en cada una de las regiones (que consideramos como variación intrarregionales). La hipótesis que guía este artículo, afirma que las variaciones intrarregionales –que surgen de la segmentación de cada región según sus categorías urbanas–, respecto de las variables categoría ocupacional y rama de actividad, son superiores a las diferencias existentes a nivel interregional. En caso de poder corroborar esta afirmación, estaremos en condiciones de considerar a las jerarquías urbanas como un factor de influencia sobre la inserción ocupacional, superior al que ejercen los contextos regionales (respecto a las variables ocupacionales mencionadas).; This work investigates about the occupational integration of the Argentine population, taking as reference two features of relevance, such as: the occupational category and the branches of the occupied. Traditionally the occupational structure is usually analyzed by the results in their levels more aggregated Total (National, Provincial, etc.). Because of this, will be incorporated into a more geographic dimension that takes into account the variable size of the agglomeration, which will be operationalized by using categories urban, previously defined in function of different levels of population density, which will occur new results related to patterns of labor insertion of the population, from the fragmentation between different urban categories in each of the regions (that we consider as intraregional variation). The assumptions that guide this article, asserts that the intraregional variations - which arise from the segmentation of each region according to their categories urban-, with respect to the variables occupational category and branch of activity, are superior to the existing differences at the interregional level. In case of being able to corroborate this statement, we will be in a position to consider the urban hierarchies as a factor of influence on the occupational integration, superior to that exercised by the regional contexts (with respect to the occupational variables mentioned above).; Este trabalho investiga sobre a integração profissional da população argentina, tomando-se como referência a duas características relevantes, tais como: a categoria profissional e os ramos da ocupado. Tradicionalmente, a estrutura ocupacional é normalmente analisado pelos resultados em seus níveis mais agregados Total (nacional, estaduais, etc. ). Por esse motivo, será incorporada a uma maior dimensão geográfica que leva em conta a variável tamanho da aglomeração, que será operacionalizada pelo uso de categorias urbanas, previamente definidos em função dos diferentes níveis de densidade populacional, o que irá ocorrer novos resultados relacionadas com padrões de trabalho a inserção da população, a partir da fragmentação entre as diferentes categorias urbana em cada uma das regiões (que consideramos como variação intra-regional). Os pressupostos que norteiam este artigo, afirma que as variações intra-regional - que surgem da segmentação de cada região, de acordo com as suas categorias e urbano, no que diz respeito às variáveis categoria ocupacional e ramo de actividade, são superiores às diferenças existentes no plano inter-regional. No caso de serem capazes de corroborar esta afirmação, vamos estar em uma posição para considerar a hierarquia urbana como um fator de influência sobre a integração profissional, superior ao exercido pelo contextos regionais (no que diz respeito ao trabalho variáveis mencionadas acima).

Layered vanadyl (IV) nitroprusside: Magnetic interaction through a network of hydrogen bonds Gil, Diego Mauricio; Osiry, H.; Pomiro, Fernando; Varetti, Eduardo Lelio; Carbonio, Raul Ernesto; Alejandro, R. R.; Ben Altabef, Aída; Reguera, E. The hydrogen bond and π-π stacking are two non-covalent interactions able to support cooperative magnetic ordering between paramagnetic centers. This contribution reports the crystal structure and related magnetic properties for VO[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O, which has a layered structure. This solid crystallizes with an orthorhombic unit cell, in the Pna21 space group, with cell parameters a=14.1804(2), b=10.4935(1), c=7.1722(8) Å and four molecules per unit cell (Z=4). Its crystal structure was solved and refined from powder X-ray diffraction data. Neighboring layers remain linked through a network of hydrogen bonds involving a water molecule coordinated to the axial position for the V atom and the unbridged axial NO and CN ligands. An uncoordinated water molecule is found forming a triple bridge between these last two ligands and the coordinated water molecule. The magnetic measurements, recorded down to 2 K, shows a ferromagnetic interaction between V atoms located at neighboring layers, with a Curie-Weiss constant of 3.14 K. Such ferromagnetic behavior was interpreted as resulting from a superexchange interaction through the network of strong OH····OH2O, OH····NCN, and OH····ONO hydrogen bonds that connects neighboring layers. The interaction within the layer must be of antiferromagnetic nature and it was detected close to 2 K.

Primer registro de termiteros fósiles para el pleistoceno tardío de la región mesopotámica (Argentina): implicancias paleoambientales; First fossil termite nests from the late Pleistocene of the Mesopotamian region (Argentina): paleoenvironmental implications Erra, Georgina; Osterrieth, Margarita Luisa; Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Lutz, Alicia Isabel; Laffont, Enrique Rafael; Coronel, Juan M.; Francia, Analia En esta contribución se da a conocer el primer registro de termiteros fósiles para la región Mesopotámica de Argentina, y su disposición espacial, al tiempo que se discuten sus afinidades taxonómicas e implicancias paleoambientales. Las estructuras fósiles pertenecen a nidificaciones de insectos sociales atribuibles a miembros de la Familia Termitidae, y se ubican en la zona de contacto entre la base de la Fm. Toropí/Yupoí (Pleistoceno tardío) y el tope de la Fm. Ituzaingó (Mioceno tardío-Plioceno). Se las identifica en los alrededores del Arroyo Toropí (28°36? S y 59°02? W), Departamento Bella Vista, provincia de Corrientes. El estudio de las nidificaciones y su disposición espacial se realizó en cinco campos de termiteros mediante su relevamiento y descripción morfológica. La morfología de las estructuras estudiadas coincide claramente con la de los nidos de termitas, en donde resulta característica una fuerte muralla externa. La caracterización de campo, yacencia, desarrollo, frecuencia, tamaños e interrelaciones de los termiterosfósiles y actuales sugieren una estrecha similitud con montículos del género Cornitermes. La morfología presente muestra también cierta semejanza con Tacuruichnus farinai, descripta para el Piso/Edad Marplatense (Plioceno) de la región Pampeana. Por otro lado, el análisis fitolítico indicó que las cantidades y las morfologías fitolíticas son semejantes tanto en los termiteros actuales como en los fósiles. Desde un punto de vista paleoambiental, la abundancia de estos termiteros en el contacto entre las mencionadas unidades indicaría la existencia de suelos bien desarrollados, con abundante vegetación graminosa y condiciones húmedas y cálidas con estacionalidad marcada.; In this contribution we show the first termite nests fossil record presence from the Mesopotamian region of Argentina and its spatial distribution. At the same time taxonomic affinities and paleoenvironmental implications are discussed. The discovery takes place in the contact area between the base of the Toropí / Yupoí formations (late Pleistocene) and the top of the Ituzaingó Fm. (late Miocene-Pliocene), around the Toropí stream (28°36’ S y 59°02’ W), Bella Vista Department, Corrientes province. These fossil structures belong to nestings of social insects, such as the termite nests type. They could be attributable to representatives of the Termitidae Family. The study of nestings and their spatial arrangement was carried out on five termite nest fields, by surveying and detailed morphological description thereof. The morphology of the studied structures clearly matches with termite nests, with a typical strong outer wall. Characterization of field development, frequency, size and relationships of extant and fossil termite nests suggest a close similarity with mounds of the Cornitermes genus. Furthermore the morphology of these fossil termite nests also shows some resemblance to Tacuruichnus farinai, described for the Marplatanse Stage (Pliocene) of the Pampean region. From a paleoenvironmental point of view, the abundance of these termite nests in the contact between these units indicates the existence of well developed soils with abundant grassy vegetation and humid warm conditions with marked seasonality.

Convergence of constitutive photomorphogenesis 1 and phytochrome interacting factor signalling during shade avoidance Pacín, Manuel; Semmoloni, Mariana; Legris, Martina; Finlayson, Scott A.; Casal, Jorge José Shade-avoidance responses require CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1) but the mechanisms of action of COP1 under shade have not been elucidated. Using simulated shade and control conditions, we analysed: the transcriptome and the auxin levels of cop1 and phytochrome interacting factor 1 (pif1) pif3 pif4 pif5 (pifq) mutants; the dynamics of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED (HFR1) proteins; and the epistatic relationships between cop1 and pif3, pif4, pif5, hy5 and hfr1 mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite severely impaired shade-avoidance responses, only a few genes that responded to shade in the wild-type failed to do so in cop1. Shade enhanced the convergence between cop1 and pifq transcriptomes, mainly on shade-avoidance marker genes. Shade failed to increase auxin levels in cop1. Residual shade avoidance in cop1 was not further reduced by the pif3, pif4 or pif5 mutations, suggesting convergent pathways. HFR1 stability decreased under shade in a COP1-dependent manner but shade increased HY5 stability. The cop1 mutant retains responses to shade and is more specifically impaired in shade avoidance. COP1 promotes the degradation of HFR1 under shade, thus increasing the ability of PIFs to control gene expression, increase auxin levels and promote stem growth.