Tlatelolco 1968 y otros gritos subalternos del cine latinoamericano; Tlatelolco 1968 and other subaltern shouting from Latin American cinema Mestman, Mariano Ernesto En 1968, los estudiantes mexicanos del Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos (CUEC-UNAM) acompañaron con sus cámaras las protestas del Movimiento Estudiantil entre los primeros incidentes de julio y la masacre de Tlatelolco del 2 de octubre. Esos registros fueron guardados durante algunos meses ante la persecución desatada por el gobierno de Gustavo Díaz Orda y entre 1969 y 1970 terminaron de editarse en el largometraje documental El grito (Leobardo López Arretche). El presente artículo estudia la singular configuración del testimonio en aquel documental y su articulación con la representación de las protestas masivas. Asimismo, se compara con otros casos de la “literatura testimonial” de esos años también llevados al cine, a partir de una clásica distinción de John Beverley entre dos momentos clave de la producción testimonial latinoamericana: la coyuntura de radicalización en que emerge el “género” en los años 60 y aquella posterior (y distinta) cuando se articuló en la denuncia de las violaciones de derechos humanos y las represiones más cruentas desde la década de 1970.; In 1968, students from the Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos (CUEC-UNAM) captured with their cameras the process of protests, between the firsts manifestations in July and the October, 2 Tlatelolco massacre. Given the represions of Gustavo Díaz Ordaz government, the footage was hidden and finally edited between 1969 and 1970 to make the documentary El grito (Leobardo López Arretche). This article discusses the presence of the testimony and the representation of masses in El grito following John Beverly´s reflections about the genre. He has pointed out two key moments of Latin American testimonial literature: the emergence of the genre in the sixties still at the Revolutionary imaginary, and its place during the complaints on violations of human rights after the military goverments of the seventies. Drawing on Beverly´s distinction for the literature, this work focus on film, and also compares El grito with other testimonial latin american films of those years.

Detection of bovine herpesvirus 2 and bovine herpesvirus 4 DNA in trigeminal ganglia of naturally infected cattle by polymerase chain reaction Campos, F. S.; Franco, A. C.; Oliveira, M. T.; Firpo, R.; Strelczuk, G.; Fontoura, F. E.; Kulmann, M. I. R.; Maidana, Silvina Soledad; Romera, Sonia; Spilki, F. R.; Silva, A. D.; Hübner, S. O.; Roehe, P. M. Establishment of latent infection within specific tissues in the host is a common biological feature of the herpesviruses. In the case of bovine herpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2), latency is established in neuronal tissues, while bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) latent virus targets on cells of the monocytic lineage. This study was conducted in quest of BoHV-2, BoHV-4 and OvHV-2 DNA in two hundred trigeminal ganglia (TG) specimens, derived from one hundred clinically healthy cattle, majority of them naturally infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5). Total DNA extracted from ganglia was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) designed to amplify part of the genes coding for BoHV-2, and BoHV-4 glycoprotein B and, for OvHV-2, the gene coding for phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase-like protein. BoHV-2 DNA was detected in TG samples of two (2%) and BoHV-4 DNA in nine (9%) of the animals, whereas OvHV-2 DNA could not be detected in any of the TG DNA. The two animals in which BoHV-2 DNA was identified were also co-infected with BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. Within the nine animals in which BoHV-4 DNA was detected, six were also co-infected with BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. This report provides for the first time evidence that viral DNA from BoHV-2 and BoHV-4 can be occasionally detected in TG of naturally infected cattle. Likewise, in this report we provided for the first time evidence that the co-infection of cattle with three distinct bovine herpesviruses might be a naturally occurring phenomenon.

Diferencia y vecindad: El secreto y las voces de Gamerro desde Muerte y transfiguración de Martínez Estrada. Apuntes sobre proximidad y distancia Greco, Mauro Ignacio Es extraño afirmar que algo se dice desde un lugar, como si quien lo afirma fuera el exégeta apropiado del sitio, o como si éste resultara un paraje del cual resguardarnos de la intemperie. Sin embargo, todo se dice desde algún lugar, y no desde ninguno —y por ende todos— de ellos. En esta dirección, intentaré pensar las relaciones entre vecindad y diferencia, entre lo que se encuentra próximo y sin embargo lejano, en una novela retratante de vecindades de lugares de muerte como El secreto y las voces (2002) de Carlos Gamerro, en el marco de mi investigación doctoral sobre responsabilidad colectiva y pequeñas resistencias para con la última dictadura, a través de memorias de vecinos de centros clandestinos de detención (CCD), en sus representaciones literarias y cinematográficas, en articulación con una etnografía sobre las vecindades de un ex CC en particular, la Seccional núm. 1 de Santa Rosa-La Pampa. Este trabajo intentará realizarse a partir de ciertas reflexiones martinezestradianas en Muerte y transfiguración de Martín Fierro [1948] sobre la vecindad, el borde, la frontera, aquello que, como los puentes, separa y une un punto y otro.; It is strange to state that something is says from some place, like whom declares that were the appropriate reader of the spot, or like if it were a location where we can shelter of the open place. Nevertheless, everything is says from some spot, and not from none —and, because of it, all— of them. In this direction, I will try to think the vinculations between vicinity and diference, between nearby and distance, in a novel about dead place’s neighbourhood called The secret and the voices (2002), of Carlos Gamerro. This work is frame in my PhD investigation about common responsibility and micro resistances to the last argentine dictatorship, through memories of clandestine detention centers (CDC)’s neighbors in their literary and cinematography representations, in articulation with a etnography to a ex CDC’s particular neighbourhood, the Police Station No. 1 of Santa Rosa-La Pampa. This essay will try to carry out from some Martinez Estrada’s reflections of his book Death and transfiguration of Martín Fierro [1948] about the vicinity, the edge, the borders, that what, like the bridges, connects and separates one point and another.

Nano-Designed Enzyme–Functionalized Hierarchical Metal–Oxide Mesoporous Thin Films: En Route to Versatile Biofuel Cells Bellino, Martin Gonzalo; Soler Illia, Galo Juan de Avila Arturo A versatile bioelectronic system is presented, based on Ag nanoparticle assemblies embedded into hierarchically mesoporous titania thin films on which electroactive enzymes are simply immobilized by a fast adsorption process. This strategy enables straightforward, cost effective, high-performance, thin-film enzymatic fuel cell technology with foreseeable applications in self-powered microfluidic and electronic

Clases sociales y prácticas laborales desde la perspectiva de las estrategias de reproducción social Freyre, Maria Laura; Assusa, Gonzalo En este trabajo presentaremos los primeros resultados de una investigación en curso que se propone analizar el espacio social de las clases y las estrategias de reproducción social en el Gran Córdoba. Particularmente analizaremos las distintas categorías de “inactividad económica” como estrategias laborales habilitadas por las diferentes posiciones sociales en este espacio y sus posibilidades diferenciales de acumulación y reproducción. La construcción del espacio social a partir del volumen y estructura de los capitales, desde la perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu, supone la consideración de la trayectoria histórica y la metodología del Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiples (ACM), que permite ordenar el material empírico poniendo en juego las asociaciones y las desigualdades trazadas por la distribución de los distintos tipos de recursos considerados simultáneamente, evitando perder la complejidad de la trama relacional estructural. Para analizar las estrategias laborales y comprenderlas en el marco de las estrategias de reproducción social de las unidades domésticas (familias) utilizaremos datos estadísticos de una fuente secundaria: la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH) elaborada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (Indec) de la Argentina. Luego de presentar el ACM y el ordenamiento de los hogares en clases estadísticamente construidas analizaremos el comportamiento de las variables vinculadas al trabajo para cada clase o fracción de clase. De esta manera, mostraremos cómo la inactividad puede ser comprendida en relación al peso relativo del capital cultural, al capital económico y social, para cada sector del espacio de las clases analizado.; In this paper we present the first results of an ongoing investigation that aims to explore the social space of classes and social reproduction strategies in Gran Córdoba. We analyze specifically labor strategies enabled by the different social positions in this space and their potential differences in accumulation and reproduction. The construction of social space from the volume and structure of capital involves consideration of the historical dimension, and the methodology of Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), to sort the empirical material, taking into account the inequalities and associations outlined by the distribution of different types of resources considered simultaneously, avoiding losing the relational complexity of the framework. To analyze and understand labour strategies within the framework of social reproduction strategies of the households (families) we use statistical data from a secondary source: Permanent Household Survey (EPH) developed by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (Indec) of Argentina. After presenting the ACM and the households classification in classes statistically constructed, we analyze the behavior of the work-related variables for each class or class fraction. Our goal is to explain and understand labor practices, as “reasonable” in a relational sense, from class positions built for the families that have been defined as our object of study. In this way, we show how inactivity can be understood in relation to the relative importance of cultural capital, economic and social capital for each sector of the social space of classes we analyze.

Early protein malnutrition negatively impacts physical growth and neurological reflexes and evokes anxiety and depressive-like behaviors Belluscio, Laura María; Berardino, Bruno Gabriel; Ferroni, Nadina Micol; Ceruti, Julieta María; Canepa, Eduardo Tomas Malnutrition is a worldwide problem affecting millions of unborn and young children during the most vulnerable stages of their development. In humans, poor maternal nutrition is a major cause of intrauterine growth restriction which is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality and long-term morbidity. In addition, intrauterine growth restriction correlates with neurodevelopmental delays and alterations of brain structure and neurochemistry. While there is no doubt that maternal malnutrition is a principal cause of perturbed development of the fetal brain and that all nutrients have certain influence on brain maturation, proteins appear to be the most critical for the development of neurological functions. In the present study we assessed male and female mouse offspring, born to dams protein restricted during pregnancy and lactation, in physical growth and neurobehavioral development and also in social interaction, motivation, anxiety and depressive behaviors. Moreover, we evaluate the impact of the low protein diet on dams in relation to their maternal care and anxiety-related behavior given that these clearly affect pups development. We observed that maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation delayed the physical growth and neurodevelopment of the offspring in a sex-independent manner. In addition, maternal undernutrition negatively affected offspring's juvenile social play, motivation, exploratory activity and risk assessment behaviors. These findings show that protein restriction during critical periods of development detrimentally program progeny behavior.

Prevalencia y distribución espacial de brucelosis bovina en las provincias de San Luis y La Pampa; Prevalence and spatial distribution of bovine brucellosis in the provinces of San Luis and La Pampa Aznar, Maria Natalia; Linares, Facundo José; Cosentino, Bernardo; Sago, Andrés Miguel; la Sala, Luciano Francisco; Leon, Emilio; Duffy, Sergio Jose; Perez, Andres La brucelosis bovina es una zoonosis causada principalmente por Brucella abortus y usualmente detectada en hembras que abortan. La enfermedad es endémica en la República Argentina, donde la vacunación con Brucella abortus cepa 19 es obligatoria en todas las hembras bovinas de 3 a 8 meses. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia y la distribución espacial de la brucelosis bovina en vacas de cría adultas en La Pampa y San Luis. Durante el año 2010, se tomaron 8.965 muestras de bovinos de 451 predios. El 1,8 % (n: 157) de los animales y el 19,7 % (n: 89) de los predios fueron positivos. La prevalencia de bovinos y de predios fue significativamente (p<0,05) mayor en La Pampa (2,3 % y 26 %, respectivamente) que en San Luis (1,4 % y 15,5 %, respectivamente), pero estas diferencias no justifican la aplicación de medidas de control diferenciales. La proporción de bovinos reaccionantes no difirió de la obtenida durante el 2005. Sin embargo, La Pampa mostró una prevalencia de predios infectados significativamente mayor. Los predios infectados tuvieron una prevalencia intrapredio comprendida entre 4 % y 40 %. No se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los predios infectados y los no infectados cuando se analizaron las siguientes variables independientes: superficie, densidad bovina, relación ternero/vaca, total de bovinos, número de vacas y vaquillonas ingresadas y número de predios proveedores de hacienda. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias entre predios infectados con prevalencia mayor o bien menor o igual al 10 %. Se detectó un agrupamiento espacial de predios infectados en el sudoeste de La Pampa que podría relacionarse con un menor desarrollo ganadero y con menores controles sanitarios en los predios. Es necesario intensificar las acciones de control existentes en los establecimientos de cría de la región para mejorar su capacidad productiva y proteger a la población humana de esta enfermedad.; Bovine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease mainly caused by Brucella abortus and usually detected in females that abort. The disease is endemic in the Argentine Republic, where vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 is compulsory in all heifers of 3 to 8 months. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in cows of San Luis and La Pampa and its spatial distribution. Samples were obtained from 8965 cows and 451 farms, during the year 2010. 1.8% (n: 157) of cows and 19.7 % (n: 89) of farms were positive. The prevalence of cattle and farms was significant higher (p<0.05) in La Pampa (2.3% and 26%, respectively) than in San Luis (1.4% and 15.5%, respectively) but these differences are not relevant for implementing differential control measures. The proportion of reactive cows did not differ from that obtained during the year 2005. However, La Pampa showed a significantly higher prevalence of infected farms. The infected farms had an intra-farm prevalence between 4% and 40%. No differences between the infected and noninfected farms were observed when analyzing the following independent variables: area, bovine density, calf/cow index, total number of cattle, number of cows and heifers entering the sampled farms and number of farms supplying cattle. Farms with a prevalence greater than 10% or less than or equal to that value. A spatial cluster of infected farms was detected in the southwest of La Pampa; that situation might be related to a lower productive development and lower sanitary controls at farm level. It is necessary to intensify the current control actions in the breeding farms of the region to improve their productive capacity and to protect the human population from this disease.

Effect of the surfactant benzalkonium chloride in the sorption of paraquat and cadmium on montmorillonite Ilari, Romina; Etcheverry, Mariana; Zenobi, Maria Cristina; Zanini, Graciela Pilar Pesticides, heavy metals and surfactants can share the same region or site in the environment and thus they may compete for the surface of minerals. A competitive study of the adsorption between the cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAC) with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd(II)) and the cationic herbicide paraquat (PQ) on montmorillonite is presented. Adsorption isotherms for BAC, PQ and Cd(II) were performed in single solute systems and also in binary solute systems, PQ+BAC and Cd(II)+BAC to evaluate the effects of BAC on the adsorption of the other two substances. The affinities of BAC and PQ were strong and similar, thus BAC affected significantly the adsorption of PQ and vice versa. The affinity of Cd(II) for the montmorillonite surface was low, thus BAC affected appreciably Cd(II) adsorption, but the heavy metal did not modify BAC adsorption. XRD data show that BAC molecules control the magnitude of the basal spacing.

First Report of Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) Lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in Tucumán Province, Northwestern Argentina Ortega, Eugenia Silvana; Veggiani Aybar, Cecilia Adriana; Avila, Ana Lucía; Heredia, Jose Alejandro; Reguilón, Carmen Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons Adams & Penny es reportado por primera vez para la Provincia de Tucumán, extendiendo su rango de distribución geográfico para el noroeste de la Argentina.

Ischemic postconditioning: mechanisms, comorbidities, and clinical application Buchholz, Bruno; Donato, Pablo Martín; D'Anunzio, Verónica; Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge Since ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of mortality and heart failure, novel therapeutic strategies are expected to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Brief episodes of ischemia/reperfusion performed at the onset of reperfusion can reduce infarct size; a phenomenon termed “ischemic postconditioning.” Extensive research has determined that different autacoids (e.g., adenosine, bradykinin, opioid, etc.) and cytokines, their respective receptors, kinase signaling pathways, and mitochondrial modulation are involved in ischemic conditioning. Modification of these factors by pharmacological agents mimics the cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning. Here, the potential mechanisms of ischemic postconditioning, the presence of comorbidities, and the possible extrapolation to the clinical setting are reviewed. In the near future, large, multicentered, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trials will be required to determine whether pharmacological and/or ischemic postconditioning can improve the clinical outcomes of patients with IHD.

La comunidad de arañas Mygalomorphae (Araneae) de la Reserva Natural Sierra del Tigre, Tandilia, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Mygalomorphae spider community of the Natural Reserve Sierra del Tigre, Tandilia, Buenos Aires, Argentina Ferretti, Nelson Edgardo; Pompozzi, Gabriel Alejandro; Copperi, Maria Sofia; Schwerdt, Leonela Vanesa; Gonzalez, Alda; Pérez Miles, Fernando En el presente trabajo se analizó la riqueza específica, abundancia y actividad de la comunidad de arañas Mygalomorphae en la Reserva Natural Sierra del Tigre, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Este ecosistema serrano alberga numerosas especies endémicas y es rico en fauna y flora nativa. La abundancia de arañas se muestreó mensualmente desde mayo de 2011 a mayo de 2012, mediante recolección manual y trampas de caída. Las especies registradas en el área de estudio fueron Actinopus sp. 1 (Actinopodidae), Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli y Gerschman, 1960; Plesiopelma longisternale Schiapelli y Gerschman, 1942 y Catumiri argentinense (Mello-Leitão, 1941) (Theraphosidae). Grammostola vachoni resultó la especie dominante en la recolección manual y Actinopus sp. 1 en trampas de caída. Se discuten y analizan la variación estacional, diversidad y abundancia de la comunidad de migalomorfas. Las Mygalomorphae del sistema de Tandilia comprenden un grupo importante de arañas sedentarias y criptozoicas que parecen depender del tipo de ambiente y factores ambientales.; We documented the specific richness, abundance and activity of the Mygalomorph spider community in the Natural Reserve Sierra del Tigre, Buenos Aires, Argentina. This hilly ecosystem is home for many endemic species and rich in native fauna and flora. Spider abundance was sampled monthly from May 2011 - May 2012 by hand capture and pitfall traps. The species recorded in the study area were Actinopus sp. 1 (Actinopodidae), Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli y Gerschman, 1960; Plesiopelma longisternale Schiapelli y Gerschman, 1942 and Catumiri argentinense (Mello-Leitão, 1941) (Theraphosidae). Grammostola vachoni was the dominant species in hand capture and Actinopus sp. 1 in pitfall traps. The seasonal variation, diversity, and abundance of the mygalomorph community are analyzed and discussed here. The Mygalomorphae of the Tandilia system comprises an important group of sedentary and cryptozoic spiders that seem to be dependent on habitat type and environmental factors.

Nuevos registros del periquito australiano (Melopsittacus Undulatus) (aves, Psittacidae) para Argentina y Brasil; New records of Budgerigar (Melopsittacus Undulatus) for Argentina and Brazil Agnolin, Federico; Lucero, Rubén F.; Nenda, Santiago Javier; Lucero, Sergio Melopsittacus undulatus, comúnmente denominado como “periquito australiano” es una especie originaria de Australia que es actualmente comerciada de manera frecuente en el mercado de mascotas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de reportar nuevos hallazgos para M. undulatus en las provincias de Misiones y Buenos Aires (Argentina) y para el Estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil). Las observaciones aquí efectuadas podrían considerarse como registros accidentales, tratándose con certeza de aves escapadas o liberadas. A pesar de liberaciones masivas de cautiverio, esta especie aún no ha podido establecerse exitosamente en la naturaleza y su supervivencia en libertad parece ser limitada.; Melopsittacus undulatus, informaly known as the “Budgerigar” is a species original from Australia, that is currently part of the pet market. The aim of the present paper is to report new record of M. undulatus in the provinces of Misiones and Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Minas Gerais State (Brazil). Present records may be considered as of accidental occurrence, and may pertain to liberated or scaped individuals. Despite massive releases of captivity, this species has not yet been successfully established in the wild and their survival appears to be severely limited.

The morphology and relationships of the walking mud spiders of the genus Cryptothele (Araneae: Zodariidae) Ramirez, Martin Javier; Grismado, Cristian José; Labarque, Facundo Martín; Izquierdo, Matías Andres; Ledford, Joel M.; Miller, Jeremy A.; Haddad, Charles R.; Griswold, Charles E. We revise the relationships of the spider genus Cryptothele after reexamination of the morphology of the spinnerets, leg tarsal claws and maxillae with scanning electron microscopy. Cryptothele species have a particular conformation of the spinning field of the anterior lateral spigots that is typical of zodariids and close relatives: the field of major ampullate gland spigots, together with their strain sensilla, are invaginated within the field of piriform gland spigots. The implantation of the teeth on the inner side of the leg tarsal claws is also consistent with its placement among zodariids. We added Cryptothele to a morphological dataset of zodariid genera, together with the outgroups Homalonychus (Homalonychidae) and Penestomus (Penestomidae). The phylogenetic analysis concludes that the genus Cryptothele is a member of the subfamily Cydrelinae, which by priority is here considered a junior synonym of Cryptothelinae. Cryptothele specimens cover most of their body with soil particles which become consolidated as mud, and the debris is probably held in place by curved setae covered by long barbs. The spinnerets, which can be retracted and hidden, as well as the booklungs, are surrounded by a crown of thick setae that are densely covered by short barbs, protecting those areas against soil particles. Cryptothele are probably specialized to prey on termites, and their phylogenetic placement indicates that this diet specificity evolved two times independently in zodariids.

Designing and understanding permanent microporosity in liquids Melaugh, Gavin; Giri, Nicola; Davidson, Christine E.; James, Stuart L.; del Popolo, Mario Gabriel Standard microporous materials are typically crystalline solids that exhibit a regular array of cavities of uniform size and shape. Packing and directional bonding between molecular building blocks give rise to interstitial pores that confer size and shape-specific sorption properties to the material. In the liquid state interstitial cavities are transient. However, permanent and intrinsic "pores" can potentially be built into the structure of the molecules that constitute the liquid. With the aid of computer simulations we have designed, synthesised and characterised a series of liquids composed of hollow cage-like molecules, which are functionalised with hydrocarbon chains to make them liquid at accessible temperatures. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that chain length and size of terminal chain substituents can be used to tune, within certain margins, the permanence of intramolecular cavities in such neat liquids. Simulations identify a candidate "porous liquid" in which 30% of the cages remain empty in the liquid state. Absorbed methane molecules selectively occupy these empty cavities.

Sobre los estudios de la pobreza en América Latina: hacia un examen holístico de las experiencias; About the studies of poverty in Latin America: Towards a holistic examination of the experiences; Sobre os estudos de pobreza na América Latina: em busca de uma análise holística das experiências Seveso Zanin, Emilio José Este trabajo está orientado a examinar las principales líneas de producción científica sobre la pobreza en América Latina, para avanzar hacia los intersticios a los que renuncian o bien dejan velados. En un primer momento, presento los antecedentes de estudio a nivel regional, repasando los marcos explicativos identificados, con particular énfasis en las últimas dos décadas. Luego, doy cuenta de algunos de los sesgos interpretativos que consienten, ponderando la relevancia de asumir una mirada histórica, una concepción de totalidad estructural y la consideración de las relaciones de clase como eje para la interpretación. Finalmente, me detengo en una de las parcelas de estudio sobre la pobreza - las experiencias y sensibilidades de los sujetos-, destacando la importancia de incorporar la mencionada perspectiva para su análisis. Es en este camino que se afirma la importancia de estudiar la problemática de la pobreza desde una perspectiva holística (histórica, relacional y conflictual) que sobrevenga a la inmediatez y contingencia de la acción científica instrumental.; This paper aims to examine the main lines of scientific production on poverty in Latin America, to advance on the fields of study that are not recognized or are veiled. First, I present a state of art in the region, reviewing their explanatory frameworks, with particular emphasis on the last two decades. Secondly, I show some of the interpretive biases generated, highlighting the importance of taking a historical look, a conception of structural whole and the consideration of class relations as the axis for interpretation. Finally, I stop at one of the areas of study on poverty - the experiences and sensibilities of individuals - highlighting the importance of incorporating the above perspective for analysis. This affirm the importance of studying the problem of poverty from a holistic perspective (historical, relational and conflictual) that can overcome the immediacy and contingency of scientific instrumental action.; Este artigo procura analisar as linhas dominantes de produção científica sobre a pobreza na América Latina, para mostrar os espaços que foram renunciados ou velados. No começo, eu apresento a história dos estudos regionais, analisando os principais quadros explicativos identificados, com particular ênfase nas últimas duas décadas. Então eu indico alguns dos vieses interpretativos gerados, indicando a importância de se ter um olhar histórico, uma concepção do todo estrutural e uma compreensão das relações de classe como eixo para a interpretação. Finalmente, eu paro em uma das parcelas de estudo sobre a pobreza - as experiências e sensibilidades - destacando a importância da incorporação da perspectiva acima referida para análise. É desta forma que confirma a importância de se estudar o problema da pobreza a partir de uma perspectiva holística (histórico, relacional e conflitual) que excede o imediatismo ea contingência da ação científica instrumental.

Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Endosulfan on Different Life Stages of the Freshwater Burrowing Crab Zilchiopsis collastinensis P.: Protective Role of Chorion Negro, Carlos Leandro; Senkman, Lidia Eloisa; Marino, Fernanda; Lorenzatti, Eduardo Antonio; Collins, Pablo Agustin The lethality (LC50) of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos is higher in adults (1990 and 156.78 lg/L respectively) than in embryos (95380 and 1242.54 lg/L respectively) of the crab Zilchiopsis collastinensis. The thickened embryonic coat of the freshwater species might isolate the embryo inside the egg, reducing the toxicity. Sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan caused an increase in hatching time and a decrease in effective hatching (p<.05), and only the control crabs survived until the first molt cycle. The effects of long-term exposure should be evaluated in the offspring in addition to the acute toxicity.

Las Transferencias Públicas y su Impacto Distributivo: La Experiencia de los Países del Cono Sur en la Década de 2000 Alejo, Osvaldo Javier; Bergolo Sosa, Marcelo Luis; Carbajal Espinal, Fedora En el decenio de los 2000 la desigualdad del ingreso en la América Latina se redujo. Este artículo aplica una variante de la metodología de descomposición no paramétrica propuesta por Barros et al (2006, 2007) para evaluar la importancia de las fuentes de ingreso de los hogares, en particular la aportación de las transferencias públicas, en los cambios en la desigualdad de ingresos en los años 2000 en los países del Cono Sur: Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay. Los resultados sugieren que los ingresos no laborales tuvieron una contribución significativa en los cambios en la desigualdad y que este efecto fue explicado principalmente por la consecuencia igualadora que tuvieron las fuentes públicas en los cuatro países analizados. La dinámica de los cambios en esta fuente de ingreso y su efecto en la desigualdad estuvo fuertemente asociada con la instrumentación o expansión de programas de transferencia no contributivos en el pasado decenio

Oxygen-vacancy-induced local ferromagnetism as a driving mechanism in enhancing the magnetic response of ferrites RodrÍguez Torres, Claudia Elena; Pasquevich, Gustavo Alberto; Mendoza Zélis, Pedro; Golmar, Federico; Pérez, Silvia Inés; Nayak, Sanjeev K.; Adeagbo, Waheed A.; Hergebert, Wolfram; Hoffmann, Martin; Ernst, Arthur; Esquinazi, P.; Stewart, Silvana Jacqueline This work probes the relevance of oxygen vacancies in the formation of local ferromagnetic coupling between Fe ions at octahedral sites in zinc ferrites. This coupling gives rise to a ferrimagnetic ordering with the Curie temperatures above room temperature in an otherwise antiferromagnetic compound. This conclusion is based on experimental results from x-raymagnetic circular dichroismmeasurements at the Fe L2,3 edges and magnetization measurements performed on zinc ferrites, nanoparticles, and films, with different cation distributions and oxygen vacancy concentrations. Our observations are confirmed by density-functional-theory calculations and indicate that the enhanced ferrimagnetic response observed in some nominally nonmagnetic or antiferromagnetic ferrites can be taken as a further example of the defect-induced magnetism phenomenon.

Neutron matter under strong magnetic fields: A comparison of models Aguirre, Ricardo Miguel; Bauer, Eduardo; Vidaña, I. The equation of state of neutron matter is affected by the presence of a magnetic field due to the intrinsic magnetic moment of the neutron. Here we study the equilibrium configuration of this system for a wide range of densities, temperatures, and magnetic fields. Special attention is paid to the behavior of the isothermal compressibility and the magnetic susceptibility. Our calculation is performed using both microscopic and phenomenological approaches of the neutron matter equation of state, namely the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) approach using the Argonne V18 nucleon-nucleon potential supplemented with the Urbana IX three-nucleon force, the effective Skyrme model in a Hartree-Fock description, and the quantum hadrodynamic formulation with a mean-field approximation. All these approaches predict a change from completely spin polarized to partially polarized matter that leads to a continuous equation of state. The compressibility and the magnetic susceptibility show characteristic behaviors which reflect that fact. Thermal effects tend to smear out the sharpness found for these quantities at T=0. In most cases a thermal increase of ΔT=10 MeV is enough to hide the signals of the change of polarization. The set of densities and magnetic field intensities for which the system changes it spin polarization is different for each model. However, we found that under the conditions examined in this work there is an overall agreement between the three theoretical descriptions

Genetically modified mouse models addressing gonadotropin function Ratner, Laura Daniela; Rulli, Susana Beatriz; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T. The development of genetically modified animals has been useful to understand the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the gonadotropin function. It is well known that alterations in the secretion of a single hormone is capable of producing profound reproductive abnormalities. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone normally secreted by the human placenta, and structurally and functionally it is related to pituitary LH. LH and hCG bind to the same LH/hCG receptor, and hCG is often used as an analog of LH to boost gonadotropin action. There are many physiological and pathological conditions where LH/hCG levels and actions are elevated. In order to understand how elevated LH/hCG levels may impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis we have developed a transgenic mouse model with chronic hCG hypersecretion. Female mice develop many gonadal and extragonadal phenotypes including obesity, infertility, hyperprolactinemia, and pituitary and mammary gland tumors. This article summarizes recent findings on the mechanisms involved in pituitary gland tumorigenesis and hyperprolactinemia in the female mice hypersecreting hCG, in particular the relationship of progesterone with the hyperprolactinemic condition of the model. In addition, we describe the role of hyperprolactinemia as the main cause of infertility and the phenotypic abnormalities in these mice, and the use of dopamine agonists bromocriptine and cabergoline to normalize these conditions.