Lethal iron deprivation induced by non-neutralizing antibodies targeting transferrin receptor 1 in malignant B cells Rodríguez, José A.; Luria Pérez, Rosendo; López Valdés, Héctor E.; Casero, David; Daniels, Tracy R.; Patel, Shabnum; Avila, David; Leuchter, Richard; So, Sokuntheavy; Ortiz Sánchez, Elizabeth; Bonavida, Benjamin; Martínez Maza, Otoniel; Charles, Andrew C.; Pellegrini, Matteo; Helguera, Gustavo Fernando; Penichet, Manuel L. A number of antibodies have been developed that induce lethal iron deprivation (LID) by targeting the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1/CD71) and either neutralizing transferrin (Tf) binding, blocking internalization of the receptor and/or inducing its degradation. We have developed recombinant antibodies targeting human TfR1 (ch128.1 and ch128.1Av), which induce receptor degradation and are cytotoxic to certain malignant B-cells. We now show that internalization of TfR1 bound to these antibodies can lead to its sequestration and degradation, as well as reduced Tf uptake, and the induction of a transcriptional response consistent with iron deprivation, which is mediated in part by downstream targets of p53. Cells resistant to these antibodies do not sequester and degrade TfR1 after internalization of the antibody/receptor complex, and accordingly maintain their ability to internalize Tf. These findings are expected to facilitate the rational design and clinical use of therapeutic agents targeting iron import via TfR1 in hematopoietic malignancies.

Evaluation of the acute dermal exposure of the ethanolic and hexanic extracts from leaves of Schinus molle var. areira L. in rats Bras, Cristina Liliana; Gumilar, Fernanda Andrea; Gandini, Norberto Ariel; Minetti, Silvia Alejandra; Ferrero, Adriana Alicia Ethnopharmacological relevance: Schinus molle var. areira L. (Anacardiaceae) is employed in herbal medicine for many conditions, including respiratory, urinary and menstrual disorders, and as a digestive stimulant, diuretic, astringent and antidepressant. It is also known for its topical use as wound healer, antiseptic, for skin disorders and as repellent and insecticide. In the present work, the acute dermal exposure to ethanolic and hexanic extracts from leaves of Schinus molle var. areira was studied in rats. Materials and methods: A single dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight of ethanolic and hexanic extracts from leaves was applied on the shaved skin of male and female rats. After 24 h of exposure, the patch was removed and any sign of irritation was recorded. Behavioral and functional parameters in a functional observational battery and motor activity in an open field were assessed after the exposure to the extracts. Then, after 14 days of observation, animals were retested. Finally, histopathological studies were conducted on several organs. Results: Slight signs of erythema and edema were observed in the skin site of exposure, but they disappeared after 48 h. The exposure to the hexanic extract produced an increase in parameters of activity, rearing and arousal assessed in the functional observational battery, which reversed after 14 days. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract caused an increase in locomotor activity, reflected in a higher number of rearings performed in the open field in the evaluation carried out on Day 14. No histopathological alterations were detected in the analyzed organs. Conclusions: The results show that the acute dermal exposure of the ethanolic and hexanic extracts from leaves of Schinus molle var. areira only causes a slight and reversible skin irritation, and a mild stimulatory effect in rats. All these indicate that the topical use of these extracts would be safe.

Expression differential of microsomal and cytosolic glutathione-S-transferases in Fasciola hepatica resistant at triclabendazole Scarcella, Silvana Andrea; Lamenza, Pamela; Virkel, Guillermo Leon; Solana, Hugo Daniel In the present work, we evaluate in vitro the cytosolic and microsomal activity of glutathione-S-transferases in adults of Fasciola hepatica susceptible (Cullompton Strain) and resistant (Sligo Strain) to triclabendazole. The triclabendazole resistant (Sligo) fluke expressed significant major metabolic activity of glutathione-S-transferases compared to that measured in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions obtained from susceptible flukes (Cullompton Strain). The results associated with previous data where the Sligo Strain overexpress Flavin Monooxigenase confirm a multienzymatic response involving more than one metabolic pathway.

Fatty acid profiles of varietal virgin olive oils (Olea europaea L.) from mature orchards in warm arid valleys of Northwestern Argentina (La Rioja); Perfiles de ácidos grasos de aceites de oliva virgen (Olea europaea L.) de huertos en plena producción en los valles cálidos áridos del noroeste de Argentina (La Rioja) Rondanini, Deborah Paola; Castro, Diego Nicolas; Searles, Peter Stoughton; Rousseaux, Maria Cecilia The olive industry in Northwestern Argentina has experienced substantial growth during the past two decades to produce virgin olive oil for export. To assess the fatty acid profiles of the main varietal olive oils, 563 oil samples from 17 varieties cultivated in the province of La Rioja were analyzed from 2005-2008. Olive varieties were ranked according to oleic acid content as low (<55%; Arbequina, Arauco), intermediate (55-65%; Barnea, Frantoio) or high (>65%; Manzanilla, Empeltre, Leccino, Coratina, Changlot, Picual). Using data from this study and the literature, the fatty acid composition of Spanish (Arbequina, Picual) and Italian (Coratina, Frantoio) varieties indicated consistently lower oleic acid contents when grown in NW Argentina versus the Mediterranean. For Arbequina, the oleic content decreased with increasing temperature during oil accumulation (-2% per °C). The classification of varieties should be useful in the selection of virgin olive oils for corrective blending and for choosing varieties for new orchards in order to meet IOOC requirements. The differences in fatty acid composition between NW Argentina and the Mediterranean Basin are most likely to be related to a genotype produced by environmental interaction, and the negative effect of the high seasonal mean temperature during oil accumulation will need further research.; La industria oleícola del noroeste de Argentina creció sustancialmente durante las últimas dos décadas para producir aceite de oliva virgen exportable. Para evaluar el perfil de ácidos grasos de los principales aceites varietales, se analizaron 563 muestras de aceite de 17 variedades en la provincia de La Rioja durante 2005-2008. Las variedades se clasificaron de acuerdo a su contenido de ácido oleico en bajo (55%; Arbequina, Arauco), medio (55-65%; Barnea, Frantoio), o alto (65%; Manzanilla, Empeltre, Leccino, Coratina, Changlot, Picual). Utilizando datos de este trabajo y de la literatura, los aceites de variedades de origen español (Arbequina y Picual) e italiano (Coratina y Frantoio) mostraron consistentemente menor contenido de ácido oleico cuando crecieron en el noroeste de Argentina versus el Mediterráneo. Para Arbequina, el contenido de oleico disminuyó con la temperatura durante la síntesis y acumulación lipídica (22 % por °C). La clasificación varietal por acido oleico debe ser útil para seleccionar aceites para mezclas correctivas y variedades para futuras plantaciones que cumplan con la normativa del COI. Diferencias en los perfiles de ácidos grasos entre el noroeste de Argentina y el Mediterráneo indican una interacción genotipo x ambiente, y el efecto negativo de la alta temperatura media estacional durante la síntesis de lípidos requerirá mayor investigación.

Medios masivos de comunicación y calidad de vida; Mass media and quality of life Fair, Hernán El texto que sigue aborda la relación existente entre los medios y la sociedad. Analiza el poder político y económico de estas empresas, y su habilidad de construir la agenda, de modo tal que contribuyen a reforzar el status quo de las ideas preexistentes acerca de determinado tema sociocultural y político, afectando la Calidad de vida de los ciudadanos.; The following text approaches the relationship established between media and society. It analyzes the politic and economic power of these enterprises, and their ability to buil the agenda, so they contribute to streghten the preexistent ideas about sociocultural and political issues, affecting the citizens’ Quality of life.

El poder: continuidades y rupturas. Una aproximación a la teoría de Norbert Elias para las sociedades “nuevas” Blacha, Luis Ernesto La perspectiva figuracional de Norbert Elias concibe la relación individuo-sociedad como un proceso que es constituido y reconstituido dentro de un contexto mediado por relaciones de poder. Los procesos de psico y sociogénesis permiten vislumbrar esta interrelación a la vez que resaltan continuidades y rupturas en las “formas de hacer” lo social. El poder que media los vínculos entre los individuos y la red de interacciones que constituye lo social, puede ser conceptualizado como una potencialidad que no tiene por qué ser necesariamente ejercida. Se propone una relectura de la obra de Norbert Elias a la luz del enfoque tridimensional de Steven Lukes que permitirá comprender la realidad social de las sociedades del Nuevo Mundo desde una perspectiva de poder en donde se resalten continuidades y rupturas en el entramado social. El presente artículo supone una redefinición de la tensión planteada por Vilfredo Pareto, a principios del siglo XX, entre el “instinto por las combinaciones” y la “persistencia de los conglomerados”. La continuidad de esta preocupación analítica por la interdependencia entre lo “nuevo” y lo “ya establecido” tiene una importancia destacada en la sociología contemporánea.

El cuerpo penitenciario Mouzo, Karina Gabriela El presente artículo es producto de nuestra tesis de doctorado en la que, a partir del pensamiento de Michel Foucault, indaga-mos acerca de los modos de objetivación y de subjetivación de los funcionarios de las prisiones del Servicio Penitenciario Federal –en adelante SPF– en la Argentina actual. Es decir, reflexionamos acerca de los procesos mediante los cuales los penitenciarios se asumen y se reconocen como tales. Allí nos interesamos por el modo en que desde el “discurso penitenciario” se reclama un cuerpo que debe portar ciertos atributos, que debe so-portar distintas presiones, que debe obedecer órdenes y enfrentarse al peligro.

Guerra aérea, modernismo y artes visuales: contra el Guernica Fernandez, Jose El desarrollo de la guerra contemporánea y las tensiones estéticas del modernismo poseen algunos vínculos que pueden iluminar ambas realidades. Este artículo pretende señalar algunos de esos vínculos a partir del caso concreto de una de las obras políticas más importantes del siglo XX, el Guernica de Picasso. Un análisis de los bombardeos aéreos respaldado en las teorías de Carl Schmitt se combina aquí con una caracterización de la obra de arte moderna como sometida a un campo de fuerzas a la vez estético y político, tal como lo plantea Adorno en su Teoría estética. Esta combinación de perspectivas permite clarificar mejor las distintas reacciones que ha suscitado el cuadro a lo largo del tiempo, y aquí se atiende en particular a un excepcional libelo del artista Antonio Saura escrito en ocasión del regreso del Guernica a Madrid. Las antiguas relaciones de la guerra con el arte pueden ser reconsideradas atendiendo a las transformaciones radicales de la tecnología y a las revoluciones de las vanguardias.; Contemporary war and the aesthetic tensions of Modernism have some common traits that might illuminate each other’s reality. This article tries to point out some of those characteristics by analyzing a concrete case, Picasso’s Guernica, considered one of the most important examples of political art of the XXth. Century. A political analysis of air bombing based on the theories of Carl Schmitt is combined here with the consideration the Modern work of art as being situated in a field of forces, as Adorno stated in his Aesthetic Theory. This combination of perspectives allows a better clarification of Guernica’s difficult reception along the time. This article pays particular attention to an odd writing by the Spanish artist Antonio Saura, where he recorded his reactions when Guernica arrived in Madrid. The old relationship between war an art could be thought again considering the radical transformations of technology and the revolutions of the artistic avant-garde.

La edad de la inocencia: Visiones islámica y cristiana hispano-medieval sobre la infancia Arroñada, Silvia Nora En este trabajo nos dedicamos a estudiar, a través de la lectura de distintas fuentes escritas, la visión que sobre la niñez tenían los grupos cristianos y musulmanes de la Península Ibérica durante la Edad Media. Consideraremos aspectos de la vida infantil como el nacimiento, las figuras que influyen en los primeros momentos de sus vidas, la crianza, la educación, la salud y la muerte, y veremos los puntos en común y de enriquecimiento mutuo entre las dos culturas. Rescataremos también las diferencias que se plantean en determinados temas de acuerdo al punto de vista religioso y cultural de cada grupo en particular.

A fluorescent reporter protein containing AtRMR1 domains is targeted to the storage and central vacuoles in Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco leaf cells Scabone, Camila Maria; Frigerio, Lorenzo; Petruccelli, Silvana To develop a new strategy to target recombinant proteins to the vacuolar storage system in transgenic plants, the ability of the transmembrane and cytosolic domains of Arabidopsis receptor homology-transmembrane-RING H2-1 (AtRMR1) was evaluated. A secreted version of RFP (secRFP) and a fusion of it to the transmembrane and cytosolic domains of AtRMR1 (RFP-TMCT) were produced and studied both in transient and stable expression assays. Transient expression in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum showed that secRFP is secreted to the apoplast while its fusion to TMCT of AtRMR1 is sufficient to prevent secretion of the reporter. In tobacco leaves, RFP-TMCT reporter showed an endoplasmic reticulum pattern in early expression stages while in late expression stages, it was found in the vacuolar lumen. For the first time, the role of TM and CT domains of AtRMR1 in stable expression in Arabidopsis thaliana is presented; the fusion of TMCT to secRFP is sufficient to sort RFP to the lumen of the central vacuoles in leaves and roots and to the lumen of PSV in cotyledons of mature embryos. In addition, biochemical studies performed in extract from transgenic plants showed that RFP-TMCT is an integral membrane protein. Full-length RFP-TMCT was also found in the vacuolar lumen, suggesting internalization into destination vacuole. Not colocalization of RFP-TMCT with tonoplast and plasma membrane markers were observed. This membrane vacuolar determinant sorting signal could be used for future application in molecular pharming as an alternative means to sort proteins of interest to vacuoles.

1,n-Diamines. Part 3: Microwave-assisted synthesis of N-acyl-N′-arylhexahydropyrimidines and hexahydro-1,3-diazepines Bisceglia, Juan Angel; Díaz, Jimena Estela; Torres, Romina Alejandra; Orelli, Liliana Raquel In this Letter we present a method for the synthesis of N-acyl-N´-arylhexahydropyrimidines 1, by ring closure of N-acyl-N´-aryl-1,3-propanediamines 3 with formaldehyde. Cyclodehydrations were performed in aqueous medium under microwave irradiation, and led to high yields of the desired compounds in remarkably short reaction times. The method also allowed for the synthesis of hitherto unreported N-acyl-N´-arylhexahydro-1,3-diazepines 2. The acyclic tetramethylenic precursors 4 were synthesized by selective functionalization of N-arylputrescines.

Formulación de políticas de ordenamiento territorial en municipios de México y Argentina a comienzos del siglo XXI: dificultades para su construcción Rios, Licia Veronica Como tesis del ensayo se plantea que tanto en México, como en Argentina, en el proceso de las políticas de ordenamiento territorial municipal, se visualizan procesos estructurales que dificultan su concreción, desvalorizándolas como políticas transversales al conjunto de acciones que tienen por objetivo el desarrollo de los ámbitos locales. Para demostrar esta tesis se revisa en primer lugar los aspectos conceptuales fundamentales para el entendimiento del nuevo rol del ordenamiento territorial en el contexto municipal. Luego se indagan aspectos clave de la etapa de formulación de los principales instrumentos de la política de ordenamiento en dos municipios de ambos países: Tequisquiapan (Edo. de Querétaro) y Chascomús (Pcia. de Buenos Aires). Finalmente se presentan las conclusiones preliminares, buscando entender los obstáculos encontrados y encontrar algunos indicios de cambio en la forma de hacer las políticas.; The hypothesis of this essay argues that in Mexico, and Argentina, in the process of development of municipal land management policies structural processes are displayed that impede their realization, devaluing them as transversal policies to the set of actions directed to the development of local areas. To prove this hypothesis the paper first reviews the concepts on which the new role of land use in the municipal context is based. It then probes the main tools developed within the framework of the management policy in two municipalities of both countries: Tequisquiapan (Edo. of Queretaro) and Chascomús (Provincia de Buenos Aires). Preliminary findings, seek to understand the obstacles encountered and find some signs of change in the way of operating urban politics.

α-Rhamnosyl-β-glucosidase-catalyzed reactions for analysis and biotransformations of plant-based foods Minig, Paola Marisol; Mazzaferro, Laura; Erra Balsells, Rosa; Petroselli, Gabriela; Breccia, Javier Dario Most aroma compounds exist in vegetal tissues as disaccharide conjugates, rutinose being an abundant sugar moiety in grapes. The availability of aroma precursors would facilitate analytical analysis of plant-based foods. The diglycosidase α-rhamnosyl-β-glucosidase from Acremonium sp. DSM 24697 efficiently transglycosylated the rutinose moiety from hesperidin to 2-phenylethanol, geraniol, and nerol in an aqueous-organic biphasic system. 2-Phenethyl rutinoside was synthesized up to millimolar level with an 80% conversion regarding the donor hesperidin. The hydrolysis of the synthesized aroma precursors was not detected in an aqueous medium. However, in the presence of ethanol as a sugar acceptor, the enzyme was able to transfer the disaccharide residue forming the alkyl-rutinoside. The aroma precursors were significantly hydrolyzed (up to 3-4% in 2 h at 30 °C), which indicated the potential use of the enzyme for biotechnological applications, for example, in aroma modulation of fermented foods.

Evaluación y análisis de los aspectos urbano-ambientales en un Modelo de Calidad de Vida Urbana; Evaluation and analysis of urbanenvironmental aspects into an Urban Life Quality Model Esparza, Jesica Belen; Dicroce, Luciano; Martini, Irene; Discoli, Carlos Alberto Este trabajo presenta los avances en relación a los aspectos urbano-ambientales contemplados en un modelo de evaluación de la calidad de vida urbana (MCVU) respecto a la interacción de las diferentes escalas espaciales y dimensionales de la ciudad. En este sentido, se profundiza sobre la situación de las problemáticas: existencia de basurales, áreas inundables y contaminación aérea y sonora a partir de la yuxtaposición de las percepciones de los habitantes y el área de afectación de las mismas. En una escala de análisis detallado y a escala puntual, se verificó la existencia de basurales identificados en la escala urbano-regional. Su localización georreferenciada permitió definir las áreas de afectación de las patologías mencionadas, aportando información a los índices del MCVU.; This work presents the advances related to urban-environmental aspects included in an Urban Life Quality Model (ULQM) related to the interactions of the different spatial and dimensional scales of the city. In this sense, the situation of garbage dumps, flooded areas and air and sound contamination was deepened from the juxtaposition of inhabitant’s perception and their affection area. The existence of dumps accumulation was verified in a detailed analysis at punctual scale from its identification at urban-regional scale. Its geo-referenced localization allowed defining the affection areas of mentioned pathologies which were included in the ULQM indexes.

Gut evacuation time of macrobrachium borellii (Caridea: Palaemonidae) feeding on three types of prey from the littoral-benthic community de Azevedo Carvalho, Debora; Collins, Pablo Agustin; de Bonis, Cristian Gut evacuation time is a very useful parameter that allows us to understand the daily trophic cycle of a predator. Macrobrachium borellii is an inhabitant of the littoral-benthic community of the Paran River system that preys on various organisms. In this work, three types of prey (cladocerans, dipteran larvae, and oligochaetes), which are different in shape and mobility, were offered to M. borellii to investigate the gut evacuation time of each one. All prey represent the natural diet of this prawn based on previous work. Results showed a faster digestion of cladocerans than mosquito larvae and oligochaete. These last two types of prey are cylindrical and may interfere with the maceration process in a stomach that lacks a gastric mill. In addition, the high mobility of cladocerans and mosquito larvae implies greater energy expenditure in their capture. However, cladocerans are the prey with the lowest caloric value per individual and therefore offers the lowest net energy to the prawn. This implies that a cladoceran diet would require higher daily consumption and more time foraging, and thus potentially exposing the prawn to greater predation risk. All of these factors direct selection toward the more profitable prey (oligochaetes and dipteran larvae), in agreement with the natural diet observation, suggesting that the time of digestion may have little importance in prey selection.

Inhibition of triclabendazole metabolism in vitro by ketoconazole increases disruption to the tegument of a triclabendazole-resistant isolate of Fasciola hepatica Devine, C.; Brennan, G.P.; Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo; Alvarez, Luis Ignacio; Trudgett, A.; Hoey, E.; Fairweather, I. A study has been carried out to investigate whether the action of triclabendazole (TCBZ) against Fasciola hepatica is altered by inhibition of drug metabolism. The cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) enzyme pathway was inhibited using ketoconazole (KTZ) to see whether a TCBZ-resistant isolate could be made more sensitive to TCBZ action. The Oberon TCBZ-resistant and Cullompton TCBZ-susceptible isolates were used for these experiments. The CYP 450 system was inhibited by a 2-h pre-incubation in ketoconazole (40 μM), then incubated for a further 22 h in NCTC medium containing either KTZ, KTZ+nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (1 nM), KTZ+NADPH+ TCBZ (15 μg/ml), or KTZ+NADPH+triclabendazole sulphoxide (TCBZ.SO; 15 μg/ml). Changes to fluke ultrastructure following drug treatment and metabolic inhibition were assessed using transmission electron microscopy. After treatment with either TCBZ or TCBZ.SO on their own, there was greater disruption to the TCBZ-susceptible than TCBZ-resistant isolate. However, co-incubation with KTZ+ TCBZ, but more particularly KTZ+TCBZ.SO, led to more severe changes to the TCBZ-resistant isolate than with each drug on its own: in the syncytium, for example, there was severe swelling of the basal infolds and their associated mucopolysaccharide masses, accompanied by an accumulation of secretory bodies just below the apex. Golgi complexes were greatly reduced or absent in the tegumental cells and the synthesis, production, and transport of secretory bodies were badly disrupted. With the TCBZ-susceptible Cullompton isolate, there was limited potentiation of drug action. The results support the concept of altered drug metabolism in TCBZ-resistant flukes and this process may play a role in the development of drug resistance.

Stability of pollination services decreases with isolation from natural areas despite honey bee visits Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro; Steffan Dewenter, Ingolf; Kremen, Claire; Morales, Juan Manuel; Bommarco, Riccardo; Cunningham, Saul A.; Carvalheiro, Luísa G.; Chacoff, Natacha Paola; Dudenhöffer, Jan H.; Greenleaf, Sarah S.; Holzschuh, Andrea; Isaacs, Rufus; Krewenka, Kristin; Mandelik, Yael; Mayfield, Margaret M.; Morandin, Lora A.; Potts, Simon G.; Ricketts, Taylor H.; Szentgyörgyi, Hajnalka; Viana, Blandina F.; Westphal, Catrin; Winfree, Rachael; Klein, Alexandra M. Sustainable agricultural landscapes by definition provide high magnitude and stability of ecosystem services, biodiversity and crop productivity. However, few studies have considered landscape effects on the stability of ecosystem services. We tested whether isolation from florally diverse natural and semi-natural areas reduces the spatial and temporal stability of flower-visitor richness and pollination services in crop fields. We synthesised data from 29 studies with contrasting biomes, crop species and pollinator communities. Stability of flower-visitor richness, visitation rate (all insects except honey bees) and fruit set all decreased with distance from natural areas. At 1km from adjacent natural areas, spatial stability decreased by 25, 16 and 9% for richness, visitation and fruit set, respectively, while temporal stability decreased by 39% for richness and 13% for visitation. Mean richness, visitation and fruit set also decreased with isolation, by 34, 27 and 16% at 1km respectively. In contrast, honey bee visitation did not change with isolation and represented >25% of crop visits in 21 studies. Therefore, wild pollinators are relevant for crop productivity and stability even when honey bees are abundant. Policies to preserve and restore natural areas in agricultural landscapes should enhance levels and reliability of pollination services.

Karyotype and AFLP data reveal the phylogenetic position of the Brazilian endemic Hypochaeris catharinensis (Asteraceae) Reck, Maikel; Benício, Lucas M.; Ruas, Eduardo Augusto; Alves Rodrigues, Luana; Ruas, Paulo Maurício; Ortiz, María A.; Talavera, Salvador; Urtubey, Estrella; Stuessy, Tod; Weiss Schneeweiss, Hanna; Tremetsberger, Karin; Michelan, Vanessa S.; Matzenbacher, Nelson Ivo; Vanzela, André L. L.; Terrab, Anass; Samuel, Rose; Ruas, Claudete Fátima The genus Hypochaeris offers an excellent model for studies of recent adaptive radiation in the South American continent. We used karyotype analysis with chromomycin A3 (CMA3)/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting to investigate for the first time the Brazilian endemic H. catharinensis and define its position within the South American group of species. Strong CMA-positive signals were seen at the end of both arms of chromosome 3 and at the end of the long arm of chromosome 4. DAPI bands were only detected in subterminal position on short arm of chromosome 4. FISH with 5S and 35S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probes revealed a single 5S rDNA locus on short arm of chromosome 2, typical for all other South American Hypochaeris taxa analyzed to date. The 35S rDNA locus was identified at subterminal position on the short arm of chromosome 3, as reported so far for only two of the known species (H. lutea and H. patagonica). The AFLP study included 55 individuals, comprising nine species of the South American Hypochaeris plus their putative ancestor H. angustifolia. Eleven AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 401 fragments, of which 388 (96.7%) were polymorphic. High genetic similarities were observed among taxa, with all South American Hypochaeris species falling into one main cluster [100% bootstrap (BS)]. Hypochaeris catharinensis is closely related to H. lutea (82% BS), forming a well-separated subcluster within the South American species. Taken together, the karyological and AFLP data contribute to the placement of H. catharinensis within the phylogenetic framework of South American species of Hypochaeris and allow the definition of a novel and well-resolved phylogenetic group (the Lutea group).

Las puntas de proyectil "en mandorla" de Inca Cueva 7: Caracterización tipológica e historia de vida (Puna de Jujuy, Argentina); Mandorla projectile points recovered from the Inca Cueva 7: Typological characterization and history lessons (Puna of Jujuy, Argentina), Aschero, Carlos Alberto; Hocsman, Salomón; Ratto, Norma Rosa Se analizan las puntas de proyectil en "mandorla" recuperadas en un depósito intencional de múltiples artefactos del sitio Inca Cueva 7 (Puna de Jujuy, Argentina), datado ca. 4000 años AP. El análisis se centra en su diseño y en sus alternativas de uso, entendiendo por éstas el modo en que pudieron utilizarse ambos extremos de cada punta. Para mostrar las características de este diseño se incluye la comparación con un conjunto de piezas en "mandorla" del sitio Camarones 14 (costa del norte de Chile) y se realizan diversas pruebas estadísticas. Por último, considerando las características de tres ejemplares recuperados del sitio argentino, se discuten sus ventajas en maximizar el rendimiento de las puntas y de los intermediarios de astil.Palabras clave : puntas de proyectil; puntas en "mandorla"; tipología; cazadores recolectores; Arcaico; Puna de Jujuy.; Mandorla projectile points recovered in a ca. 4000 years BP intentional deposit of artifacts from the Inca Cueva 7 site (Puna of Jujuy, Argentina), are analyzed. They are studied in terms of their design and use alternatives, because it could be used one extreme or the other, turning the points at the foreshaft; besides these artifacts could be the result of resharpening of blades and/or shafted parts. We include a comparison between mandorla projectile points from Inca Cueva 7 site and mandorla artifacts from Camarones 14 site (Northern Chile). Several statistical tests are performed. Then, the benefits to maximize the performance of foreshaft, are discussed on the basis of the characteristics of three specimens recovered from the Argentinian site studied

Tarifas aduaneras e industria azucarera en la Argentina. El discurso azucarero en torno al proteccionismo a fines del siglo XIX Lenis, Maria Lidia El presente artículo examina el rol desempeñado por el Centro Azucarero Argentino en la construcción de un discurso azucarero a fines del siglo XIX. En este sentido, advertimos que la defensa del proteccionismo constituyó uno de los tópicos centrales de la retórica azucarera, en tanto las tarifas aduaneras eran consideradas como condición necesaria para asegurar el desarrollo industrial, entendido como la vía de la independencia económica. Se asoció la implantación fabril con la “civilización” y el “progreso”. De este modo, el establecimiento y consolidación de este tipo de actividades económicas eran presentadas como una labor patriótica que permitía el avance del estado en territorios que aparecían dominados por la “barbarie”. A su vez, en este alegato aparecieron claramente delineadas las funciones que el estado debía adoptar con respecto al sector industrial. De esta manera, se reclamaba que el Estado debía contemplar los intereses del conjunto de país, y no asociar el progreso con los límites de la llanura pampeana. Si bien es cierto que muchas de estas líneas argumentativas se encontraban presentes en la década anterior, las mismas fueron sistematizadas en el discurso de la corporación azucarera y de su publicación mensual, la “Revista Azucarera”. Es así, que a partir de 1894 podemos detectar la presencia de un “discurso azucarero”, sobre todo en materia arancelaria, que con algunos matices se mantendrá inalterable hasta la llegada del radicalismo al poder.