Aproximaciones para un análisis sobre la clase trabajadora judía de Buenos Aires en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, 1905-1930; Abordagens para uma análise da classe trabalhadora judia de Buenos Aires nas primeiras décadas do século XX, 1905-1930 Koppmann, Walter Ludovico El artículo presenta los lineamientos teóricos y metodológicos principales de una investigación actualmente en curso, sobre la clase trabajadora judía de Buenos Aires entre los años 1905 y 1930. A partir de un diálogo interdisciplinar entre el campo de estudios migratorios y la historia social y política, se propone reconstruir la experiencia urbana del grupo étnico, sus particularidades así como también sus similitudes con otros casos nacionales. Para realizar esta investigación nos valimos de bibliografía secundaria.; O artigo apresenta as principais linhas teóricas e metodológicas de uma pesquisa em andamento sobre a classe trabalhadora judaica de Buenos Aires, entre 1905 e 1930. A partir de um diálogo interdisciplinar entre o campo dos estudos migratórios e da história social e política, propõe-se a reconstruir a experiência urbana do grupo étnico, suas particularidades assim como suas semelhanças com outros casos nacionais. Para a realização desta pesquisa utilizamos fontes secundárias.

"Me encanta ir al cine": Theodor W. Adorno más allá de la iconoclasia; "I Love to Go to the Movies". Theodor W. Adorno Beyond Iconoclasm Roldán, Eugenia María En sintonía con algunas reflexiones del campo de la estética que han señalado cómo, al postular un relego o incluso desprecio de Theodor W. Adorno por el cine, la mayoría de las recepciones empobrecieron el potencial crítico del pensamiento adorniano, el presente artículo avanza en algunos aspectos de la reflexión estética de Adorno sobre el cine. Por un lado, ponemos de relieve una lectura materialista y dialéctica de la afamada categoría de industria cultural. Por otro, llamamos la atención sobre el lugar central que tienen las primeras películas y reflexiones teóricas de Alexander Kluge para la postulación adorniana de una estética específica del cine. En ese marco, el artículo presenta uno de los problemas estéticos más interesantes que surgen del planteo de Adorno en diálogo con Kluge - y que, además, marca la actualidad de la empresa: pensar el cine contra la imagen. De allí se desprenden las consideraciones sobre un tipo de cine autoconsciente de sus aspectos formales, una reflexión sobre la imagen más allá de su carácter referencial y la centralidad de la técnica del montaje. Hacia el final, exponemos cómo en Adorno el cine muestra su afinidad con la experiencia subjetiva y con la escritura.; In accordance with some contributions from the field of aesthetics that point out how, by postulating a relegation or even contempt of Theodor W. Adorno for cinema, most receptions have impoverished the critical potential of Adorno’s thought, this paper moves forward on some aspects of Adorno’s aesthetic consideration of cinema. On the one hand, we highlight a materialist and dialectical reading of Adorno’s famous category of culture industry. On the other, we draw attention to the central place of Alexander Kluge’s early films and theoretical insights for Adorno’s postulation of a specific aesthetics of cinema. In this context, the paper revisits Adorno’s thought on cinema, considering one of the most interesting aesthetic problems that arises from his relation to Kluge: thinking cinema against the image. In this point, we highlight the reflection on a cinema that is self-aware of its formal aspects, on the image beyond its referential character and on the montage technique. At the end, we set out how cinema, from Adornos point of view, shows its affinity with writing and subjective experience.

Modeling and Analysis of Social Phenomena: Challenges and Possible Research Directions Vazquez, Federico This opening editorial aims to interest researchers and encourage novel research in the closely related fields of sociophysics and computational social science. We briefly discuss challenges and possible research directions in the study of social phenomena, with a particular focus on opinion dynamics. The aim of this Special Issue is to allow physicists, mathematicians, engineers and social scientists to show their current research interests in social dynamics, as well as to collect recent advances and new techniques in the analysis of social systems.

Flow invariants in a channel obstructed by a line of inclined rods Herrero, Víctor Angel; Ferrari, Hernan Javier; Marino, R.; Clausse, Alejandro An experiment is conducted in a rectangular channel obstructed by a transverse line of four inclined cylindrical rods. The pressure on the surface of a central rod and the pressure drop through the channel are measured varying the inclination angle of the rods. Three assemblies of rods with different diameters are tested. The measurements were analyzed applying momentum conservation principles and semi-empirical considerations. Several invariant dimensionless groups of parameters relating the pressure at key locations of the system with characteristic dimensions of the rods are produced. It was found that the independence principle holds for most of the Euler numbers characterizing the pressure at different locations, that is, the group is independent of the inclination angle provided that the inlet velocity projection normal to the rods is used to non-dimensionalize the pressure. The resulting semi-empirical correlations can be useful for designing similar hydraulic units.

Experimental and computational study of fluidized-microwave drying process of shrinking parchment coffee and determination of quality attributes Reyes Chaparro, Jose Eduardo; Durán Barón, Ricardo; Valle Vargas, Marcelo; Arballo, Javier Ramiro; Campañone, Laura Analia This work presents the fluidized bed drying process combined with microwaves applied to Parchment coffee. In order to study different parameters that affect the quality of the grains, a mathematical model that describes energy and mass transfer during the drying process is presented and solved using Finite Elements Method (FEM) through COMSOL Multiphysics software. The model also considered the shrinkage of the grains due to water removal. Experiments were carried out in experimental prototype equipment obtaining the drying curves, which were utilized to validate the mathematical model. To study the impact of the operating conditions on the quality of the processed coffee, total polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, respectively. Finally, nutritional parameters were related to operating conditions by the polynomial regression and desirability function methodology. Optimal operating conditions (1.4 m/s and 500 W) were found, which provides a product of excellent final quality.

Embryonic morphology in two species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Oliveira, Marianna Isabella Rosa Rodrigues De; Grosso, Jimena Renee; Napoli Felgueiras, Marcelo; Weber, Luiz Norberto; Vera Candioti, María Florencia We studied the embryonic morphology of Physalaemus camacan and P. signifer, two small foam-nesting frogs endemic to the Atlantic Forest. We analysed the development of transient embryonic structures and of the larval oral disc. These embryos have features typical of most congeneric species, such as the kyphotic dorsal curvature, three pairs of gills and the configuration of hatching and adhesive glands. Main differences regarding embryos of the P. cuvieri clade are the larger size and yolk provision at tailbud stage, less developed external gills and an apparently novel pattern of oral marginal papilla ontogeny. While some shifts could be correlated with variant modes of oviposition, others appear to be developmental modifications not related with ecomorphological aspects.

The Eco-Physiological Role of Microcystis aeruginosa in a Changing World Giannuzzi, Leda; Hernando, Marcelo Pablo Among the bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the mostharmful species. The prevalence of toxic species and their toxicity profiles vary each yeardepending on environmental variables, despite their dynamics being not well understood.Imbalances in nutrient concentrations, the greater frequency and intensity of higher averagetemperatures and less severe winters, and the alternation between periods of positive andnegative precipitation anomalies were identified as conditions favoring the prevalence of M.aeruginosa. Similarly, dry periods (corresponding to a prevailing La Niña condition) wereeven more conducive to the formation of harmful algal blooms of pronounced intensity.Moreover, toxin production is temperature-dependent and some strains are capable ofproducing multiple microsystins (MCs). Thus, the role of environmental variables incontrolling the genetic expression of toxin synthetase of individual toxin-producing genesis still unknown.

La universidad argentina pre y post pandemia: Un balance de las políticas recientes y los desafíos de la reforma ante un nuevo escenario; The Argentinian University pre- and post- pandemic: An assessment of recent policies and the challenges to reform in an emerging context López, Esteban Damián del Valle; Perrotta, Daniela Vanesa; Suasnabar, Claudio Las crisis aceleran procesos de cambio preexistentes y producen innovaciones político-institucionales. La pandemia de covid-19 ha modificado el papel de la universidad y de la producción científica en el desarrollo económico y social. El cese de actividades por la cuarentena y la virtualización forzada de prácticas académicas plantea interrogantes acerca de la producción, transmisión y conservación de conocimiento; aparte de que la «nueva normalidad» supone la pregunta sobre qué tipo de universidad surgirá. La «universidad híbrida» cuestiona el modelo de universidad necesaria en las sociedades latinoamericanas y, particularmente, en Argentina, en el contexto del debate en torno de una nueva Ley de educación superior; sin embargo, esta situación desplaza el consenso alcanzado en las CRES 2008 y 2018 sobre el derecho a la educación superior. Se analiza la situación de la universidad argentina a partir de las políticas de educación superior de las dos primeras décadas del siglo xxi y se delinean los principales desafíos del nuevo escenario. Se reivindican los principios de la educación superior como un derecho universal, un bien público y social, y un instrumento de desarrollo y cooperación entre las naciones, entre otros.; Crises accelerate pre-existing processes of change and provoke political-institutional responses. The covid-19 pandemic has modified the role of the university and of scientific production in economic and social development. The pause in activities resulting from the quarantine period and forced virtualization of academic practice led to questions surrounding the production, transmission and conservation of knowledge; although the «new normal» implied the question of just what kind of university will come into being. The «hybrid university» questions the kind of university model needed in Latin American societies, and in particular, in Argentina, in the context of the debate around the new Law of Higher Education; however, this new reality displaces the consensus reached in the cres 2008 and 2009 regarding the right to a higher education. This study looks at the situation facing Argentinian universities from the perspective of higher education policies from the first two decades of the 21st Century and outlines the key challenges appearing in this new scenario. It calls for the principle of higher education as a universal right, a social and public good, and an instrument for development and cooperation among nations, and others.

Household electricity demand in Latin America and the Caribbean: A meta-analysis of price elasticity Zabaloy, María Florencia; Viego, Valentina Studying the price elasticity of demand is essential when considering rate policies in the electricity sector. This research aims to perform a meta-analysis and a meta-regression of the price elasticity of electricity demand for the residential sector in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Results show that the true value of the short-term price elasticity is between −0.197 and −0.468 and, for the long-term, is between −0.252 and −0.331. Findings differ substantially when studies are classified by their quality in econometric procedures. The long-term price elasticity seems to be lower than estimates found for other regions.

Pressure pain threshold mappings of the infraspinatus muscle in chronic unilateral shoulder pain patients do not reflect generalized hypersensitivity Intelangelo, Leonardo; Bordachar, Diego José; Mendoza, Cristian; Lassaga, Ignacio; Carvalho Barbosa, Alexandre; Biurrun Manresa, José Alberto; Mista, Christian Ariel Objectives: Increased mechanical sensitivity has been observed on the unaffected side in chronic pain conditions, suggesting generalized or widespread hypersensitivity. However, this cannot be considered as a universal response since this hypersensitivity is inconsistent across muscle pain pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess generalized hypersensitivity in chronic unilateral shoulder pain, using pressure pain threshold (PPT) mappings of the infraspinatus muscle. The proposed evaluation is based on the assessment of PPT on a limited subset of sites, reducing potential habituation or sensitization effects. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with unilateral shoulder pain (USP) and twenty-seven healthy volunteers were recruited. PPT was assessed using a manual pressure algometer. Six sites distributed over the infraspinatus muscle were assessed, and three repetitions were performed at each site. Mappings were derived using two-dimensional interpolation. Results: Lower PPT values were found in the symptomatic side in comparison with the asymptomatic side at all assessment sites (estimated difference: 1.42 ± 0.10 kgf/cm2, p < 0.001), but there were no differences among the asymptomatic side of USP patients and any of the sides in healthy volunteers (largest estimated difference: 0.17 ± 0.28 kgf/cm2, p = 0.927). Furthermore, the medial region of the infraspinatus muscle showed higher mechanical sensitivity in both healthy volunteers and USP patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that USP does not induce generalized hypersensitivity, in contrast with previously reported findings. Physiotherapists could take these results into account for the assessment and treatment of patients with USP.

Tara Tannins as a Green Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum Byrne, Christian Eduardo; D'alessandro, Oriana; Deya, Marta Cecilia Tara tannin is studied as an inhibitor of aluminum corrosion, immersed in an aerated and near-neutral NaCl solution and in a wash-primer formulation. Electrochemical tests prove that tara tannins provide good corrosion resistance for aluminum, and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy shows a low formation of corrosion products, absence of Cl and presence of C. These results indicate that tannins act as a mixed-type inhibitor without changing the mechanism of oxygen or aluminum reactions, and that tannin is adsorbed on aluminum surfaces forming a compact hydrophobic barrier that blocks anodic and cathodic areas. A tara tannin primer was formulated and applied on aluminum. Its anticorrosive properties were studied by electrochemical techniques and humidity chamber testing, in which it exhibited an acceptable performance compared with a zinc tetroxychromate primer. Taking into account their less harmful environmental impact, tara tannins are proposed as an alternative to chromates in the formulation of wash-primers.

Incidencia del capital social en el proceso de toma de decisiones comerciales en la producción ganadera; Impact of social capital on the business decisionmaking process in livestock production Ghiglione, Franco Alexis; Lema, Ronaldo Daniel; Ferro Moreno, Santiago; Braun, Rodolfo Oscar El presente artículo de investigación resume los hallazgos realizados en el marco de una tesis de doctorado. En él, se analiza la toma de decisiones comerciales de los productores de ganado bovino de la Provincia de La Pampa desde la óptica del capital social a partir de tres variables proxy: pertenencia y participación institucional, identificación territorial y grado de confianza comercial. Metodológicamente, se utilizó un diseño experimental de elección discreta y modelos econométricos en función de la utilidad aleatoria, permitiendo comprender en forma integral las variables que influyen en el comportamiento de los mencionados agentes económicos. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar que, en escenarios de incertidumbre, los factores psicosociales, los sesgos cognitivos y las preferencias individuales resultan más relevantes que las variables relativas a las condiciones comerciales. Asimismo, se evidencia una marcada preferencia por el mecanismo de comercialización sin intermediación. Los hallazgos pueden resultar muy relevantes para el diseño de políticas públicas en términos de incentivos para una mejor coordinación e integración, tanto vertical como horizontal, de los distintos eslabones que intervienen en la cadena agroalimentaria.; This research article summarizes the findings made in the framework of a doctoral thesis. In it, the commercial decision-making of cattle producers in the Province of La Pampa is analyzed from the perspective of social capital based on three proxy variables: membership and institutional participation, territorial identification and degree of commercial trust. Methodologically, a discrete choice experimental design and econometric models based on random utility were used, allowing a comprehensive understanding of the variables that influence the behavior of the aforementioned economic agents. The results obtained made it possible to identify that, in scenarios of uncertainty, psychosocial factors, cognitive biases and individual preferences are more relevant than variables related to commercial conditions. Likewise, there is evidence of a marked preference for the marketing mechanism without intermediation. The findings can be very relevant for the design of public policies in terms of incentives for better coordination and integration, both vertical and horizontal, of the different links that intervene in the agri-food chain.

Emerging adults' cultural values, prosocial behaviors, and mental health in 14 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic Padilla Walker, Laura M.; Van der Graaff, Jolien; Workman, Katey; Carlo, Gustavo; Branje, Susan; Carrizales, Alexia; Gerbino, Maria; Gülseven, Zehra; Hawk, Skyler T.; Luengo Kanacri, Paula; Mesurado, Maria Belen; Samper García, Paula; Shen, Yuh-Ling; Taylor, Laura K.; Trach, Jessica; van Zalk, Maarten H. W.; Žukauskienė, Rita Evidence suggests an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, particularly among emerging adults. However, theories on altruism born of suffering or adversarial growth suggest that we might also see prosocial behavior as a function of the pandemic, which may protect against mental health challenges. Because cultural values are central in determining prosocial behavior, the current study explored how cultural values were differentially associated with adaptive prosocial behaviors that might protect against mental health challenges. Participants for the current study included 5,682 young people aged 18–25 years from 14 different countries around the world (68% female, 62% college students). Path analyses suggested that there were few differences in patterns as a function of culture, but revealed that horizontal individualism and horizontal and vertical collectivism were indirectly associated with lower levels of depression via prosocial behavior toward family members. Discussion focuses on the importance of coping by strengthening family relationships via prosocial behavior during the pandemic.

¿Quiénes necesitan vivienda en América Latina?: El allegamiento residencial en las estimaciones de déficit habitacional Marcos, Mariana; García García, Diva Marcela; Módenes, Juan Antonio En América Latina tanto el problema de la falta de viviendas de calidad como la respuesta del allegamiento —o la corresidencia— de hogares y familias por necesidad son fenómenos de larga data y persistentes, aunque también de amplia dispersión en su forma de medición. El objetivo de este artículo es precisar conceptualmente el problema y desentrañar la matriz teórica que subyace a las distintas formas de medición del componente cuantitativo del déficit habitacional, en especial en lo referido a la contabilización —o no— de los núcleos familiares secundarios como unidades requirentes de vivienda. En segundo lugar, se aporta a la discusión a partir del análisis demográfico de las estructuras de corresidencia analizadas empíricamente en las regiones metropolitanas de Bogotá y de Buenos Aires. Como resultado, se identificó que el allegamiento de núcleos y hogares puede resultar una estrategia residencial funcional no exclusiva de los grupos más pobres, especialmente en el contexto bogotano, y que su existencia facilita el cuidado mutuo en el interior de la vivienda. Sin embargo, la corresidencia también esconde una demanda demográfica insatisfecha, oculta en arreglos residenciales complejos disfuncionales y numéricamente muy representativos en los dos contextos analizados. El tratamiento de estas situaciones plantea un debate sobre la focalización de la política pública para resolver el déficit habitacional y las situaciones que se deben priorizar para garantizar el derecho a la vivienda en perspectiva de necesidades habitacionales y no solo de mercado.

Shifted varieties and discrete neighborhoods around varieties Von zur Gathen, Joachim; Matera, Guillermo In the area of symbolic-numerical computation within computer algebra, an interesting question is how “close” a random input is to the “critical” ones. Examples are the singular matrices in linear algebra or the polynomials with multiple roots for Newton's root-finding method. Bounds, sometimes very precise, are known for the volumes over or of such neighborhoods of the varieties of “critical” inputs; see the references below. This paper deals with the discrete version of this question: over a finite field, how many points lie in a certain type of neighborhood around a given variety? A trivial upper bound on this number is given by the product (size of the variety) ⋅ (size of a neighborhood of a point). It turns out that this bound is usually asymptotically tight, in particular for the singular matrices, polynomials with multiple roots, and pairs of non-coprime polynomials. The interesting question then is: for which varieties is this bound not asymptotically tight? We show that these are precisely those that admit a shift, that is, where one absolutely irreducible component of maximal dimension is a shift (translation by a fixed nonzero point) of another such component. Furthermore, the shift-invariant absolutely irreducible varieties are characterized as being cylinders over some base variety. Computationally, determining whether a given variety is shift-invariant turns out to be intractable, namely NP-hard even in simple cases.

Cápsides virales como vacunas contra fiebre aftosa: Selección, potenciación y estudio de la respuesta inmune inducida en el modelo murino; Viral capsids as vaccines against foot and mouth disease: Selection, enhancement and study of the unmune response induced in the murine model Zamorano, Patricia Ines; Zabal, Osvaldo Alfredo; Quattrocchi, Valeria; Langellotti, Cecilia Ana; Bidart, Juan Esteban; Kornuta, Claudia Alejandra; Angeletti, Pamela Maisa La Fiebre Aftosa (FA) es causada por el virus del mismo nombre (VFA). El sistema inmunológico de animales infectados reconoce epítopes conformacionales de la cápside e induce anticuerpos neutralizantes que son el requisito importante para la protección. La vacuna que se utiliza consiste en VFA químicamente inactivado con adyuvante oleoso. Su producción presenta desventajas: la necesidad de instalaciones de alta seguridad biológica, la de realizar controles para eliminar la posibilidad de inactivación incompleta del virus, y que algunos serotipos y subtipos tienen problemas para crecer en cultivos celulares.Esta propuesta —en el marco de una línea de investigación mundial— busca generar una vacuna contra VFA que no esté basada en virus infectivo y su inactivación. Las formulaciones de vacunas basadas en partículas similares al virus (VLP) tienen la ventaja de evitar el peligro biológico de usar el virus de la fiebre aftosa infecciosa, aunque son poco inmunogénicas. Por lo tanto, se evaluaron los efectos adyuvantes de ISPA, un nuevo Complejo Estimulante Inmunológico e ISA 206 (agua/ aceite/ agua) en una vacuna contra la fiebre aftosa basada en VLP.Se obtuvieron VLP (cepa A/ Argentina/ 2001) en cultivos de células de mamíferos y se evaluó en ratones la provocación de una respuesta inmune contra el virus de la fiebre aftosa con y sin ISPA o ISA 206 en ratones como un primer enfoque. En particular, las vacunas VLPs-ISPA y VLPs-ISA 206 indujeron protección contra el desafío viral en el 100 % de los ratones, mientras que la protección inducida por VLPs solas fue del 40 %. Los anticuerpos totales y neutralizantes contra el virus de la fiebre aftosa fueron más altos en los grupos VLP-ISPA y VLP-ISA 206 en comparación con el grupo VLP. VLPs-ISPA indujo títulos de IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b e IgG3 significativamente más altos (p <0,001) que la vacuna VLP. Además, en comparación con las VLP sin adyuvante, las VLP-ISPA y las VLP-ISA 206 provocaron una mayor respuesta T específica del virus, incluida una mayor producción de linfocitos de IFNγ + / CD8 + en ratones. Cuando estas vacunas se probaron en terneros, los títulos de anticuerpos alcanzaron un porcentaje de protección esperado (EPP) superior al 90 % en el caso de las vacunas VLPs-ISPA y VLPs-ISA 206, mientras que, en el grupo de VLP, la EPP alcanzó el 25 %. Los niveles de IFN-γ secretados por células mononucleares de ganado vacuno vacunado con VLP-ISPA fueron significativamente más altos que en el grupo de VLP. En general, los resultados demuestran que VLPs-ISPA o VLPs-ISA 206 son formulaciones prometedoras para el desarrollo de una nueva vacuna contra la fiebre aftosa.

Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina Panzeri, Karen Magalí; Gouiric Cavalli, Soledad; Cione, Alberto Luis; Fillippi, Leonardo The fossil record of dipnoans is mostly represented by tooth plates and jaw bones, whereas nearly complete or complete skulls are rare. Here, we describe a new dipnoan from the Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia (Argentina) using three-dimensional renderings generated by CT scans. It consists of a near-complete skull and postcranial material. Rinconodus salvadori n. gen., n. sp. is diagnosed by a combination of features, such as medial series composed of two unpaired bones, mediolateral series composed of two paired bones, lateral series with at least one bone, medial edge of tooth plates longer than the lingual edge and equally curved, upper tooth plates contiguous or close to one another with five denticulations, lower tooth plates widely separated with four denticulations, first denticulation of upper tooth plates longer and thinner than the remaining denticulations, and posteriorly curved, first denticulation of lower tooth plates relatively straight and longer than the remaining ones, among other characters. The new species is based on the first two nearly complete Santonian dipnoan skulls from South America. Moreover, the materials presented here are the geologically youngest dipnoan remains consisting of a near-complete skull and postcranium from the Cretaceous of Gondwana.

Environmental education in Brazil: trends and gaps from 2015 to 2019; Educação ambiental no Brasil: tendências e lacunas de 2015 a 2019; Educación ambiental en Brasil: tendencias y brechas de 2015 a 2019 Cararo, Emanuel Rampanelli; Chimello, Valéria Ferrarini; Piovezana, Leonel; Alves Lima Rezende, Cássia; Santos, Jorge Alejandro; Rezende, Renan de Souza Here we carried out a review of the open-access literature concerning Environmental Education in the prominent Brazilian journals from 2015 to 2019, aiming to provide trends in the field of Environmental Education Research in Brazil and highlighted well-studied areas and potential research gaps. We found a total of 695 articles from four scientific journals that met the selection criteria, and identified five key results: i) a predominance of qualitative research approach; ii) sex-biased authorshipskewed towards women; iii) high educational attainment, led by authors with doctoral degrees; iv) a majority of authors affiliated to public institutions, and v) a predominance of authors from institutions at the southeast region of Brazil. Therefore, ourresults highlight that the major gaps to be filled in Environmental Education are the lack of quantitative studies, low scientific production by private universities, and centralization of production in the southeast and south regions.; Aqui realizamos uma revisão da literatura de acesso aberto sobre Educação Ambiental nos principais periódicos brasileiros de 2015 a 2019, com o objetivo de fornecer tendências no campo da Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental no Brasil e destacar áreas bem estudadas e potenciais lacunas de pesquisa. Encontramos um total de 695 artigos de quatro revistas científicas que atenderam aos critérios de seleção e identificamos cinco resultados principais: i) predominância da abordagem qualitativa da pesquisa; ii) autoria com viés de sexo voltado para as mulheres; iii) alto nível educacional, liderado por autores com doutorado; iv) maioria de autores vinculados a instituições públicas, e v) predominância de autores de instituições da região sudeste do Brasil. Portanto, nossos resultados destacam que as principais lacunas a serem preenchidas na Educação Ambiental são a falta de estudos quantitativos, a baixa produção científica das universidades privadas e a centralização da produção nas regiões Sudeste e Sul.; Aquí llevamos a cabo una revisión de la literatura de acceso abierto sobre Educación Ambiental en las principales revistas brasileñas de 2015 a 2019, con el objetivo de proporcionar tendencias en el campo de la Investigación en Educación Ambiental en Brasil y destacar áreas bien estudiadas y posibles lagunas de investigación. Encontramos un total de 695 artículos de cuatro revistas científicas que cumplieron con los criterios de selección e identificamos cinco resultados clave: i) un predominio del enfoque de investigación cualitativo; ii) autoría con sesgo sexual hacia las mujeres; iii) alto nivel educativo, liderado por autores con doctorado; iv) mayoría de autores afiliados a instituciones públicas, yv) predominio de autores de instituciones de la región sureste de Brasil. Por lo tanto, nuestros resultados destacan que los principales vacíos a ser llenados en Educación Ambiental son la falta de estudios cuantitativos, la baja producción científica de las universidades privadas y la centralización de la producción en las regiones del sureste y sur.

Characteristics and birth outcomes of pregnant adolescents compared to older women: An analysis of individual level data from 140,000 mothers from 20 RCTs Akseer, Nadia; Keats, Emily Catherine; Thurairajah, Pravheen; Cousens, Simon; Bétran, Ana Pilar; Oaks, Brietta M.; Osrin, David; Piwoz, Ellen; Gomo, Exnevia; Ahmed, Faruk; Friis, Henrik; Belizan, Jose; Dewey, Kathryn; West, Keith; Huybregts, Lieven; Zeng, Lingxia; Dibley, Michael J.; Zagre, Noel; Christian, Parul; Kolsteren, Patrick Wilfried; Kaestel, Pernille; Black, Robert E.; El Arifeen, Shams; Ashorn, Ulla; Fawzi, Wafaie; Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmed; The Global Young Women's Nutrition Investigators Group Background: Adolescence is a critical period of maturation when nutrient needs are high, especially among adolescents entering pregnancy. Using individual-level data from 140,000 participants, we examined socioeconomic, nutrition, and pregnancy and birth outcomes for adolescent mothers (10–19 years) compared to older mothers in low and middle-income countries. Methods: This study was conducted between March 16, 2018 and May 25, 2021. Data were obtained from 20 randomised controlled trials of micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy. Stratified analyses were conducted by age (10–14 years, 15–17 years, 18–19 years, 20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40+ years) and geographical region (Africa, Asia). Crude and confounder-adjusted means, prevalence and relative risks of pregnancy, nutrition and birth outcomes were estimated using multivariable linear and log-binomial regression models with 95% confidence intervals. Findings: Adolescent mothers comprised 31.6% of our data. Preterm birth, small-for-gestational age (SGA), low birthweight (LBW) and newborn mortality followed a U-shaped trend in which prevalence was highest among the youngest mothers (10–14 years) and then reduced gradually, but increased again for older mothers (40+ years). When compared to mothers aged 20–29 years, there was a 23% increased risk of preterm birth, a 60% increased risk of perinatal mortality, a 63% increased risk of neonatal mortality, a 28% increased risk of LBW, and a 22% increased risk of SGA among mothers 10–14 years. Mothers 40+ years experienced a 22% increased risk of preterm birth and a 103% increased risk of stillbirth when compared to the 20–29 year group. Interpretation: The youngest and oldest mothers suffer most from adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Policy and programming agendas should consider both biological and socioeconomic/environmental factors when targeting these populations. Funding: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant No: OP1137750).

Allelochemicals from native plants of Argentina: Control of stored grains fungi Sampietro, Diego Alejandro Grain rot is caused by Fusarium and Aspergillus fungal species, these also cause major diseases in cereal crops. They reduce crops yields and contaminate the grains with mycotoxins (secondary metabolites produced by fungi), harmful to health of humans and livestock. Currently these are controlled by fungicides (i.e. azoles) before harvest and by food preservatives (i.e. short chain fatty acids and their salts). These compounds have several disadvantages, hence, are currently under strong scrutiny. Plant allelochemicals (phenolics) and essential oils are an alternative to replace the present commercial fungicides. These are only a small fraction of all allelochemicals available. This review, describes the current status to control grain rot fungi with plant allelochemicals, to search these compounds and our own research results to use the allelochemicals of native Argentinian plants against Fusarium and Aspergillus species.