The use of artificial neural network modeling to represent the process of concentration by molecular distillation of omega-3 from squid oil; Uso de modelos de redes neuronales artificiales para representar el proceso de concentración por destilación molecular de omega-3 proveniente de aceite de calamar Rossi, Pablo Cesar; Gayol, Maria Fernanda; Renaudo, Carlos Alberto; Pramparo, Maria del Carmen; Nepote, Valeria; Grosso, Nelson The concentration of omega-3 compounds obtained for the esterification of squid oil by molecular distillation was carried out in two stages. This operation can process these thermolabile and high molecular weight components at very low temperatures. Given the mathematical complexity of the theoretical model, artificial neural networks (ANN) have provided an alternative to a classical computing analysis. The objective of this study was to create a predictive model using artificial neural network techniques to represent the concentration process of omega-3 compounds obtained from squid oil using molecular distillation. Another objective of this study was to analyze the performance of two different alternatives of ANN modeling; one of them is a model that represents all variables in the process and the other is a global model that simulates only the input and output variables of the process. The alternative of the ANN global model showed the best fit to the experimental data; La concentración de compuestos omega-3, obtenidos de la esterificación de aceite de calamar, por destilación molecular fue llevada a cabo en dos etapas. Esta operación permite procesar componentes termolábiles y de alto peso molecular a muy bajas temperaturas. Dada la alta complejidad de los modelos teóricos, las redes neuronales artificiales (RNA) conforman una alternativa al análisis computacional clásico. El objetivo de este estudio fue crear un modelo predictivo usando modelos de redes neuronales artificiales para representar el proceso de concentración de compuestos omega-3 obtenidos del aceite de calamar por destilación molecular. Otro objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el desenvolvimiento de dos alternativas de modelos RNA; uno de ellos es un modelo que representa todas las variables en el proceso y otro es un modelo global que simula solo las variables de entrada y de salida del proceso. La alternativa de un modelo RNA global mostró el mejor ajuste de los datos experimentales.

Reproductive success of the specialist brood parasite Screaming Cowbird in an alternative host, the Chopi Blackbird; Éxito reproductivo del parasito de cría especialista Molothrus rufoaxillaris en un hospedador alternativo, Gnorimopsar chopi Di Giacomo, Alejandro G.; Reboreda, Juan Carlos The Screaming Cowbird (Molothrus rufoaxillaris) is the most specialized brood-parasitic cowbird, relying almost entirely on the Bay-winged Cowbird (Agelaioides badius) as host. Recently, Screaming Cowbirds have expanded their range to areas where Bay-winged Cowbirds are absent, and they are exploiting the Chopi Blackbird (Gnorimopsar chopi). Interactions between Screaming Cowbirds and Chopi Blackbirds are largely unexplored, as is the reproductive success of the parasite in this host. Screaming Cowbirds, Chopi Blackbirds, and Bay-winged Cowbirds coexist in northeastern Argentina, providing an ideal system to explore interactions between a specialist brood parasite and an alternative host and to compare the reproductive success of the parasite in its main host and in an alternative host. Screaming Cowbirds parasitized both hosts throughout their breeding seasons (Chopi Blackbirds, mid-October to mid-January; Bay-winged Cowbirds, mid-November to mid-March). Frequency of parasitism was lower in Chopi Blackbirds than in Bay-winged Cowbirds (46% vs. 74%). Nest survival was higher in Chopi Blackbirds than in Bay-winged Cowbirds (37% vs. 15%). In successful nests, survival of Screaming Cowbird eggs and chicks was high and relatively similar in both hosts (Chopi Blackbirds: eggs, 99%; chicks, 90%; Bay-winged Cowbirds: eggs, 93%; chicks, 93%), but hatchability was lower in Chopi Blackbirds than in Bay-winged Cowbirds (52% vs. 92%). Considering (1) nest survival and (2) egg survival, hatchability, and chick survival in successful nests, the reproductive success of Screaming Cowbirds (i.e. proportion of eggs that resulted in fledglings) was 0.17 in Chopi Blackbirds and 0.12 in Bay-winged Cowbirds. Our results indicate that the Chopi Blackbird is a frequent host of the Screaming Cowbird, and parasitism of this alternative host may help explain the range expansion of this parasite in areas of Brazil where the Bay-winged Cowbird is absent.; Molothrus rufoaxillaris es el tordo parásito de cría con mayor grado de especialización y depende casi exclusivamente de Agelaioides badius como hospedador. Recientemente M. rufoaxillaris ha expandido su rango hacia áreas en las que A. badius está ausente y la evidencia indica que estarían utilizando a Gnorimopsar chopi como hospedador. Las interacciones entre M. rufoaxillaris y G. chopi son mayormente desconocidas así como el éxito reproductivo del parásito en este hospedador. Las tres especies (M. rufoaxillaris, G. chopi y A. badius) coexisten en el NE de Argentina, ofreciendo un sistema ideal para explorar las interacciones entre un parásito de cría especialista y un hospedador alternativo y para comparar el éxito reproductivo del parásito en sus hospedadores principal y alternativo. M. rufoaxillaris parasitó a ambos hospedadores a lo largo de sus temporadas reproductivas (G. chopi: mediados de octubre-mediados de enero; A. badius: mediados de noviembre-mediados de marzo). La frecuencia de parasitismo fue menor en G. chopi que en A. badius (46% vs. 74%). La supervivencia de nidos fue mayor en G. chopi que en A. badius (37% vs. 15%). En nidos exitosos, la supervivencia de huevos y pichones fue alta y relativamente similar en ambos hospedadores (G. chopi: 99% y 90%; A. badius: 93% y 93%), pero el éxito de eclosión fue menor en G. chopi que en A. badius (52% vs. 92%). Considerando: 1) la supervivencia de nidos, y 2) la supervivencia de huevos, el éxito de eclosión y la supervivencia de pichones en nidos exitosos, el éxito reproductivo de M. rufoaxillaris (i.e. proporción de huevos que resultaron en volantones) fue 0.17 en G. chopi y 0.12 en A. badius. Nuestros resultados muestran que G. chopi es un hospedador frecuente de M. rufoaxillaris y que el parasitismo de este hospedador alternativo podría ayuda a explicar la expansión del rango de este parásito en áreas de Brasil donde A. badius está ausente.

Hidroquímica e isotopía de las agua superficiales, cuerpos lagunares y suelos salinizados de la Cuenca Costera del Grupo Sur, vertiente atlántica Perez, Beatriz Alicia; Rios, Stella Maris; Dapeña, Cristina; Nillni, Adriana Mónica; Rubilar, Jorge; Locci, Fernando Se relevaron cursos de agua, cuerpos lagunares y suelos salinizados de la ciudad de Comodoro Rivadavia y zona de Rada Tilly, Argentina, ambas localidades comprendidas en la zona de estudio: Cuenca Costera del Grupo Sur de la Vertiente Atlántica. La utilización de técnicas químicas e isotópicas permitió elucidar el posible origen del elevado contenido salino de aguas y suelos. Se tomaron muestras de canalizadores superficiales (M1 a M12) de freatímetros (F1 a 4) y muestras de suelos de las adyacencias a estas. Los análisis de difracción de rayos X (DRX) y microscopía de barrido electrónico (MBE) en los suelos, determinaron la presencia predominante de sales de sodio (thenardita mayoritariamente y también halita). Las aguas se agruparon en dos tipos bicarbonatadas sódicas (M3, M5, M6, M12 y F3) y cloruradas sulfatadas sódicas (M1, M2, M7, M8, F1,F2,F4). En el 100% de las muestras, el catión dominante es el sodio y en el 67% de las muestras el anión dominante es el sulfato. La composición isotópica  (2H y 18O) de las muestras M3, M5, M6 y F3 presenta semejanzas a las del agua del acueducto M1, M2, M10 y M11, son empobrecidas y podrían ser mezcla de agua de lluvia/nieve, con agua aportada por el acuitardo más profundo, o podrían corresponder al flujo local o mezclas con agua de purga. M4 es la más enriquecida de la zona de Comodoro Rivadavia, estaría relacionada con el flujo regional y las lagunas saladas asociadas, presentando ciertas semejanzas en cuanto a isotopía, con el sistema lagunar de Rada Tilly (M7 y M8). El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) permitió determinar que características de las medidas (parámetros isotópicos y los fisicoquímicos) discriminan mejor a las muestras. Se plantea la conveniencia de analizar la composición isotópica del estroncio en las aguas contenidas en la base sedimentaria marina del sector debido a su utilidad como trazador sensible para el movimiento de aguas subterráneas y el origen de la salinidad y mediciones de radón (222Rn) para identificar la descarga de agua subterránea en agua superficial.

Tracking Solar Active Region Outflow Plasma from Its Source to the Near-Earth Environment Culhane, J. l.; Brooks, D. H.; Van Driel Gesztelyi, L.; Démoulin, P.; Baker, D.; DeRosa, M.l.; Mandrini, Cristina Hemilse; Zhao, L.; Zurbuchen, T. H. Seeking to establish whether active region upflow material contributes to the slow solar wind, we examine in detail the plasma upflows from Active Region (AR)10978, which crossed the Sun's disc in the interval 8 to 16 December, 2007 during Carrington rotation (CR)2064. In previous work, using data from the Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer, upflow velocity evolution was extensively studied as the region crossed the disc while a linear force-free magnetic extrapolation was used to confirm aspects of the velocity evolution and to establish the presence of quasi-separatrix layers at the upflow source areas. The plasma properties, temperature, density and first ionisation potential bias (FIP-bias) were measured with the spectrometer during the disc passage of the active region. Global potential field source surface (PFSS) models showed that AR 10978 was completely covered by the closed field of a helmet streamer that is part of the streamer belt. Thus it is not clear how any of the upflowing AR-associated plasma could reach the source surface at 2.5 R(Sun)and contribute to the slow solar wind. However a detailed examination of solar-wind in-situ data obtained by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft at the L1 point shows that the increase in O^7+/O^6+, C^6+/C^5+ and Fe/O - a FIP-bias proxy - are present before the heliospheric current sheet crossing. These increases, along with an accompanying reduction in proton velocity and an increase in density are characteristic of both AR and slow-wind plasma. Finally we describe a two-step reconnection process by which some of the upflowing plasma from the AR could reach the heliosphere.

Distinctive PSA-NCAM and NCAM hallmarks in glutamate-induced dendritic atrophy and synaptic disassembly Podestá, María Fernabda; Yam, Patricia; Codagnone, Martín Gabriel; Uccelli, Nonthué Alejandra; Colman, David; Reines, Analia Gabriela Dendritic and synapse remodeling are forms of structural plasticity that play a critical role in normal hippocampal function. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and its polysialylated form (PSA-NCAM) participate in neurite outgrowth and synapse formation and plasticity. However, it remains unclear whether they contribute to dendritic retraction and synaptic disassembly. Cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to glutamate (5 µM) showed a reduced MAP-2 (+) area in the absence of neuronal death 24 h after the insult. Concomitantly, synapse loss, revealed by decreased synaptophysin and post-synaptic density-95 cluster number and area, together with changes in NCAM and PSA-NCAM levels were found. Dendritic atrophy and PSA-NCAM reduction proved NMDA-receptor dependent. Live-imaging experiments evidenced dendritic atrophy 4 h after the insult; this effect was preceded by smaller NCAM clusters (1 h) and decreased surface and total PSA-NCAM levels (3 h). Simultaneously, total NCAM cluster number and area remained unchanged. The subsequent synapse disassembly (6 h) was accompanied by reductions in total NCAM cluster number and area. A PSA mimetic peptide prevented both the dendritic atrophy and the subsequent synaptic changes (6 h) but had no effect on the earliest synaptic remodeling (3 h). Thus, NCAM-synaptic reorganization and PSA-NCAM level decrease precede glutamate-induced dendritic atrophy, whereas the NCAM level reduction is a delayed event related to synapse loss. Consequently, distinctive stages in PSA-NCAM/NCAM balance seem to accompany glutamate-induced dendritic atrophy and synapse loss.

Characterization of the turbulent magnetic integral length in the solar wind: from 0.3 to 5 astronomical units Ruiz, Maria Emilia; Dasso, Sergio Ricardo; Matthaeus, W. H.; Weygand, J. M. The solar wind is a structured and complex system, in which the fields vary strongly over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. As an example, the turbulent activity in the wind affects the evolution in the heliosphere of the integral turbulent scale or correlation length [λ], usually associated with the breakpoint in the turbulent-energy spectrum that separates the inertial range from the injection range. This large variability of the fields demands a statistical description of the solar wind. We study the probability distribution function (PDF) of the magnetic-autocorrelation lengths observed in the solar wind at different distances from the Sun. We used observations from the Helios, ACE, and Ulysses spacecraft. We distinguished between the usual solar wind and one of its transient components (interplanetary coronal mass ejections, ICMEs), and also studied solar-wind samples with low and high proton beta [βp]. We find that in the last three regimes the PDF of λ is a log-normal function, consistent with the multiplicative and nonlinear processes that take place in the solar wind, the initial λ (before the Alfvénic point) being larger in ICMEs.

Pedunculopontine nucleus gamma band activity-preconscious awareness, waking, and REM sleep Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose; Donofrio, Stasia M.; Luster, Brennon R.; Beck, Paige B.; Hyde, James Robert; Bisagno, Veronica; Garcia Rill, Edgar The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a major component of the reticular activating system (RAS) that regulates waking and REM sleep, states of high-frequency EEG activity. Recently,we described the presence of high threshold, voltage-dependent N- and P/Q-type calcium channels in RAS nuclei that subserve gamma band oscillations in the mesopontine PPN, intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), and pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD). Cortical gamma band activity participates in sensory perception, problem solving, and memory. Rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as in the cortex, gamma band activity in the RAS may participate in the processes of preconscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions.That is, the RAS may play an early permissive role in volition. Our latest results suggest that (1) the manifestation of gamma band activity during waking may employ a separate intracellular pathway compared to that during REM sleep, (2) neuronal calcium sensor (NCS-1) protein, which is over expressed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, modulates gamma band oscillations in the PPN in a concentration-dependent manner, (3) leptin, which undergoes resistance in obesity resulting in sleep dysregulation, decreases sodium currents in PPN neurons, accounting for its normal attenuation of waking, and (4) following our discovery of electrical coupling in the RAS, we Hypothesize that there are cell clusters within the PPN that may act in concert. These results provide novel information on the mechanisms controlling high-frequency activity related to waking and REM sleep by elements of the RAS.

Simple Real-Time Digital PWM Implementation for class-D Amplifiers With Distortion-free Baseband Chierchie, Fernando; Paolini, Eduardo Emilio; Stefanazzi, Leandro; Oliva, Alejandro Raul A real-time, digital algorithm for pulse width modulation (PWM) with distortion-free baseband is developed in this paper. The algorithm not only eliminates the intrinsic baseband distortion of digital PWM but also avoids the appearance of side-band components of the carrier in the baseband even for low switching frequencies. Previous attempts to implement digital PWM with these spectral properties required several processors due to their complexity; the proposed algorithm uses only several FIR filters and a few multiplications and additions and therefore is implemented in real time on a standard DSP. The performance of the algorithm is compared with that of uniform, double-edge PWM modulator via experimental measurements for several bandlimited modulating signals.

Caracterización de IgM, IgG total, IgG1 y anticuerpos de cadena pesada en calostro de llamas (Lama Glama) mediante Elisa; Characterization of IgM, total IgG, igG1 and hcabs in colostra of llamas (Lama glama) by Elisa Caggiano, Nicolás; Saccodossi, Natalia; Gentile, Maria Teresa; Chiappe Barbará, María Angelina; Leoni, Juliana; de Simone, Emilio Adrian Objetivos: determinar los niveles de IgM, IgG total y Anticuerpos de Cadena Pesada (HCAbs; por su sigla en inglés Heavy Chain Antibodies) (IgG2 e IgG3) en calostro de llamas y evaluar la concentración de HCAbs en relación a la IgG total y al isotipo convencional IgG1. Métodos: en este estudio se utilizaron 15 llamas preñadas, que fueron ordeñadas dentro de las primeras 24 horas post-parto. Se diseñaron ELISAs Sandwich para la cuantificación de IgM total, IgG total e IgG1. La concentración de HCAbs fue calculada mediante la diferencia entre IgG total e IgG1. (HCAbs =IgG total-IgG1). Resultados: los niveles encontrados fueron: IgM=17.02 mg/ml (DS=9.85) IgG total= 42.54 mg/ml (DS=27.79), IgG1=24.34 mg/ml (DS=13.96) y HCAbs (IgG total-IgG1)= 18.19 mg/ml (DS=15.49). Los resultados de IgG fueron consistentes en relación a lo descripto en otras especies con similar tipo de placentación. Los HCAbs representan el 43% de IgG calostral y la concentración de IgM presentó valores muy altos (dos y tres veces más elevados) que los descriptos en las especies con similar tipo de placentación.

Processing of plant fiber composites by liquid molding techniques: an overview Francucci, Gaston Martin; Rodriguez, Exequiel Santos Lately, researchers around the world have developed effective chemical and physical treatments on plant fibers to improve their compatibility with polymeric matrices. In addition, the need of high performance fabrics produced from plant fibers has been addressed by many manufacturers of textile reinforcements. These facts have increased the use of natural fibers in the composite industry. Liquid composite molding (LCM) techniques are suitable for mass production of high-quality composite parts. Basically, the reinforcement is compressed inside a mold and a thermosetting resin is injected to impregnate the fibers and fill the empty spaces in the mold. After the resin cures, the composite part is demolded. However, the processing of plant fiber–reinforced composites by the traditional techniques is not trivial, because the structure of plant fibers is more complex than that of synthetic fibers and due to their chemical composition rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, they are highly hydrophilic. This work presents a review on the main issues that arise during the processing of plant fiber reinforced composites by traditional liquid composite molding techniques.

Erratum to “Renal Overexpression of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α as Adaptive Response to a High Salt Diet” Della Penna, Silvana; Cao, Gabriel Fernando; Carranza, Andrea del Valle; Zotta, Elsa; Gorzalczany, Susana Beatriz; Cerrudo, Carolina Susana; Rukavina Mikusic, Natalia Lucía; Correa, Alicia Haydee; Trida, Verónica; Toblli, Jorge Eduardo; Roson, Maria Ines; Fernandez, Belisario Enrique The overlapping of the photos in the bottom panel of Figure 7(b) in the paper entitled “Renal overexpression of atrial natriuretic peptide and hypoxia inducible factor-1α as adaptive response to a high salt diet” is corrected as follows.

Erratum to “Renal Overexpression of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α as Adaptive Response to a High Salt Diet” Della Penna, Silvana; Cao, Gabriel Fernando; Carranza, Andrea; Zotta, Elsa; Gorzalczany, Susana Beatriz; Cerrudo, Carolina Susana; Rukavina Mikusic, Natalia Lucía; Correa, Alicia Haydee; Trida, Verónica; Toblli, Jorge Eduardo; Rosón, María Inés; Fernández, Belisario Enrique The overlapping of the photos in the bottom panel of Figure  7(b) in the paper entitled “Renal overexpression of atrial natriuretic peptide and hypoxia inducible factor-1α as adaptive response to a high salt diet” is corrected as follows.​

Measurement of the Z/γ∗ boson transverse momentum distribution in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdel Khalek, S.; Abdinov, O.; Otero y Garzon, Gustavo Javier; Piegaia, Ricardo Nestor; Sacerdoti, Sabrina; Reisin, Hernan Diego; Alconada Verzini, María Josefina; Alonso, Francisco; Anduaga, Xabier Sebastian; Arduh, Francisco Anuar; Dova, Maria Teresa; Monticelli, Fernando Gabriel; Wahlberg, Hernan Pablo; Zhukov, K.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, R.; Zimmermann, S.; Zimmermann, S.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Nedden, M. zur; Zurzolo, G.; Zutshi, V.; Zwalinski, L.; The ATLAS Collaboration This paper describes a measurement of the Z/γ∗ boson transverse momentum spectrum using ATLAS proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=7 TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed in the Z/γ∗ → e+ e− and Z/γ∗ → μ+ μ− channels, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1. Normalized differential cross sections as a function of the Z/γ∗ boson transverse momentum are measured for transverse momenta up to 800 GeV. The measurement is performed inclusively for Z/γ∗ rapidities up to 2.4, as well as in three rapidity bins. The channel results are combined, compared to perturbative and resummed QCD calculations and used to constrain the parton shower parameters of Monte Carlo generators.

Detection and Identification of the First Viruses in Chia (Salvia hispanica) Celli, Marcos Giovani; Perotto, Maria Cecilia; Martino, Julia Andrea; Flores, Ceferino René; Conci, Vilma Cecilia; Rodríguez Pardina, Patricia Elsa Chia (Salvia hispanica), an herbaceous plant native to Latin America, has become important in the last 20 years due to its beneficial effects on health. Here, we present the first record and identification of two viruses in chia plants. The comparison of the complete nucleotide sequences showed the presence of two viral species with the typical genome organization of bipartite New World begomovirus, identified as Sida mosaic Bolivia virus 2 and Tomato yellow spot virus, according to the ICTV taxonomic criteria for begomovirus classification. DNA-A from Sida mosaic Bolivia virus 2 exhibited 96.1% nucleotide identity with a Bolivian isolate of Sida micrantha, and Tomato yellow spot virus showed 95.3% nucleotide identity with an Argentine bean isolate. This is the first report of begomoviruses infecting chia as well as of the occurrence of Sida mosaic Bolivia virus 2 in Argentina.

Optimization of poly(l-lactic acid)/segmented polyurethane electrospinning process for the production of bilayered small-diameter nanofibrous tubular structures Montini Ballarin, Florencia; Caracciolo, Pablo Christian; Blotta, Eduardo Luis; Ballarin, Virginia Laura; Abraham, Gustavo Abel The present study is focused on the electrospinning process as a versatile technique to obtain nanofibrous tubular structures for potential applications in vascular tissue engineering. A bilayered scaffolding structure composed of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/bioresorbable segmented polyurethane (SPEU) blends for small-diameter (5 mm) vascular bypass grafts was obtained by multilayering electrospinning. Polymer blend ratios were chosen to mimic the media and adventitia layers. The influence of the different electrospinning parameters into the fiber formation, fiber morphology and fiber mean diameter for PLLA, SPEU and two PLLA/SPEU blends were studied. Flat and two-parallel plate collectors were used to analyze the effect of the electrostatic field on the PLLA nanofiber alignment in the rotating mandrel. Membrane topography resulted in random or aligned nanofibrous structures depending on the auxiliary collector setup used. Finally, composition, surface hydrophilicity, thermal properties and morphology of nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized and discussed. Since the development of tissue engineered microvascular prostheses is still a challenge, the prepared scaffolding tubular structures are promising candidates for vascular tissue engineering.

Reflexiones sobre la lengua en la prensa cultural argentina: el caso de la revista Nosotros (1907-1920); Reflections on Language in the Argentine Cultural Press: the Case of Nosotros (1907-1920) Sesnich, Laura Noemí El propósito de este trabajo es realizar una indagación de las distintas concepciones acerca de la lengua que convivieron en la revista Nosotros en un corpus de números que abarca desde el inicio de la publicación en 1907 hasta 1920. A partir de un primer acercamiento a la revista, vemos que los debates sobre la identidad nacional, que en muchas ocasiones tocan el tema de la lengua nacional, conviven en la revista Nosotros con cuestiones lingüísticas vinculadas a la gramática y la normativa, a la correcta transcripción al español de lenguas extranjeras, debates en torno a la presencia del griego y el latín en la enseñanza secundaria, etc. Nuestra propuesta es, entonces, ahondar en esta convivencia para intentar delinear un panorama de las preocupaciones de índole lingüística que convergen en la revista Nosotros durante esos años.; This paper analyzes the conceptions of language that coexisted in the issues of the cultural publication Nosotros from 1907 to 1920. A survey of these issues suggests that the national identity debate, often concerning the national language, was peppered with thoughts on such language matters as grammar, prescriptive policies, transcription of foreign words or the teaching of classical languages in secondary school. The purpose here is to explore this coexistence and draw an outline of the main issues about language that mattered to the people who made Nosotros in those years, showing how these language-related interventions were intertwined with the efforts to build a Latin American tradition based on the appreciation of the region’s Latin cultural heritage.

Paisajes persistentes, temporalidades múltiples y dispersión aldeana en el valle de Tafí (prov. de Tucumán, Argentina) Franco Salvi, Valeria Leticia; Salazar, Julián; Berberián, Eduardo El estudio de la construcción del paisaje aldeano del sector norte del valle de Tafí permitió reconocer las múltiples temporalidades que lo atraviesan en contraposición a planteos precedentes que lo han concebido e historizado de forma lineal y unitemporal. Esto ha posibilitado contrastar positivamente la hipótesis que sostiene que los fenómenos vinculados a la conformación de asentamientos concentrados o a la dispersión de núcleos domésticos en el valle de Tafí pueden ser explicados a partir de las prácticas llevadas adelante por personas constituidas como miembros de grupos domésticos extensos con identidades altamente segmentarias y competitivas entre sí. Los fenómenos de dispersión y concentración de asentamientos se produjeron en distintos momentos y como resultado de lógicas sociales que se mantuvieron durante un milenio, las cuales pueden constituirse como el punto de partida para entender los procesos de dispersión aldeana en escalas más amplias.; The study focused on the construction of the village landscape in the northern sector of Tafí Valley, resulting in the identiication of the multiple temporalities that cross-cut it. This contrasts with previous approaches that conceived and historicized such villages in a linear and unitemporal fashion. The following hypothesis was tested: that the concentration of settlements or scattering of household compounds in Tafí valley can be explained on the basis of the practices carried out by persons constituted as members of large domestic groups with segmentary and highly competitive identities. The dispersion and concentration of settlements occurred at different times and as a result of a social logic that persisted for almost a millennium. The study of this logic could be a starting point for understanding the processes of village dispersionat larger spatial scales.

Los acontecimientos programados como alternativa de desarrollo turístico; Os eventos como alternativa ao desenvolvimento turístico; Os eventos como alternativa para o desenvolvimento do turismo Pinassi, Andrés; Schenkel, Erica Natalia; Martín Varisto, Yanel Leonor El turismo y la recreación se visualizan como una alternativa para el desarrollo económico, social y cultural de una comunidad. Ambas prácticas de ocio se consolidan como procesos socio-espaciales, que pueden traer múltiples impactos beneficiosos para los pobladores de una localidad determinada. De este modo, el impulso de acontecimientos programados en pequeños poblados busca constituir una alternativa para el desarrollo local, ante comunidades carentes de oportunidades. En el marco de actividades de extensión universitaria, se analiza el desarrollo de una fiesta popular en particular, realizada en el Sudoeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Como parte del procedimiento metodológico, se utilizan técnicas aportadas por la Teoría de Desarrollo Local, que priorizan la participación comunitaria. Dicha festividad, iniciada desde el ámbito público municipal, ha evidenciado importantes beneficios económicos y configura una valiosa alternativa de esparcimiento para los pobladores locales y de la zona de influencia.; O turismo e a recreación apresentam-se como alternativa para o desenvolvimento econômico, social e cultural de una comunidade. Ambas as práticas de ocio se consolidam como processos socioespaciais, que poden trazer múltiplos impactos positivos para os moradores de uma determinada localidade. Deste modo, o impulso advindo de acontecimientos programados em pequenas localidades, constitui-se em uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento local em comunidades carentes de oportunidades. O artigo apresenta realização de uma festa popular, realizada no Sudoeste da Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, promovida no âmbito da extensão universitária. Como procedimientos metodológicos, utilizaram-se técnicas propostas pela Teoria do Desenvolvimento Local, que priorizam a participação comunitária. A realização da festividade significou importantes beneficios económicos e configurou-se como uma valiosa alternativa de lazer para os moradores locais e de zonas vizinhas.; O turismo e a recreação apresentam-se como alternativa para o desenvolvimento econômico, social e cultural de uma comunidade. Ambas as práticas se consolidam como processos socioespaciais, que podem trazer múltiplos impactos positivos para os moradores de uma determinada localidade. Desse modo, o impulso advindo de acontecimentos programados em pequenas localidades, constitui-se em uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento local de comunidades carentes de oportunidades. O artigo apresenta a realização de uma festa popular, realizada no Sudoeste da Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, promovida no âmbito da extensão universitária. Como procedimentos metodológicos, utilizaram-se técnicas propostas pela Teoria do Desenvolvimento Local, que priorizam a participação comunitária. A realização da festividade significou importante beneficio econômico e configurou-se como uma valiosa alternativa de lazer para os moradores do local e de zonas vizinhas.

Los tiempos del populismo: Devenir de una categoría polisémica; Times of Populism: The Evolution of a Polysemic Category; Os tempos do populismo: Devir de uma categoria polissêmica Melo, Julián Alberto Nuestra pretensión en este texto es, en primer lugar, rescatar elementos que han construido la imagen del populismo como categoría polisémica. En este sentido, uno de los fundamentos de esta reconstrucción es la comprensión de los modos en que dicha palabra ha funcionado como sinónimo de otras conceptualizaciones, por ejemplo, el cesarismo o el bonapartismo. Al mismo tiempo, populismo ha ido ganando cierta consideración no peyorativa, sobre todo en los escritos de Ernesto Laclau, consiguiendo sinónimos no descalificatorios como emancipación o expansión de la ciudadanía. En segundo lugar, y lejos de entrar en una discusión sobre la validez de la condena o la exculpación del populismo, intentaremos fundamentar que son justamente esa polisemia, y las cargas valorativas que la acompañan, las que han permitido la supervivencia del populismo como categoría teórica y descriptiva de las realidades políticas latinoamericanas desde mediados del siglo XX.; The objective in this paper is, firstly, to examine the elements which have contributed to the image of populism as a polysemic category. One of the bases for this reconstruction is understanding the ways in which the word 'populism' itself has functioned as a synonym for other conceptualizations, such as cesarism or bonapartism, for example. At the same time, there are examples where populism has been looked at from a less pejorative perspective, above all in the writing of Ernesto Laclau, who uses less derogatory synonyms such as 'emancipation' or 'the expansion of citizenship.' Secondly, and without entering into a discussion about the validity of the condemnation or vindication of populism, we will try to establish exactly what this polysemy is, and the respective value implications which have led to the survival of populism as a theoretical and descriptive category of political realities in Latin America since the mid-20th century.; Nossa pretensão neste texto é, em primeiro lugar, resgatar elementos que têm construído a imagem do populismo como categoria polissêmica. Nesse sentido, um dos fundamentos dessa reconstrução é a compreensão dos modos nos quais essa palavra tem funcionado como sinônimo de outros conceitos, como por exemplo, o cesarismo ou o bonapartismo. Ao mesmo tempo, o populismo vem ganhando certa consideração não pejorativa, principalmente nos textos de Ernesto Laclau, conseguindo sinônimos não desqualificatórios como emancipação ou expansão da cidadania. Em segundo lugar, e longe de entrar numa discussão sobre a validade da condenação ou a exculpação do populismo, tentaremos fundamentar o que é justamente essa polissemia, e as cargas valorativas que a acompanham, as que têm permitido a sobrevivência do populismo como categoria teórica e descritiva das entidades políticas latino-americanas desde meados do século XX.

La experiencia escolar más allá de la escuela: notas sobre un estudio de caso acerca de jóvenes y experiencia escolar Crego, Maria Laura El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo compartir una serie de resultados y reflexiones alcanzados en el desarrollo de la tesina de grado de la carrera de Licenciatura en Sociología. En ella, se abordó la pregunta acerca de cómo construyen su experiencia escolar los y las jóvenes en contextos de pobreza. A este fin se desarrolló un estudio de caso en un barrio periférico de la ciudad de La Plata en el que se optó por estrategias cualitativas. El artículo presenta los principales resultados así como las reflexiones metodológicas que la experiencia del trabajo de campo ha arrojado como puntos de llegada pero, a su vez, como puntos de partida para continuar profundizando la comprensión del campo.