Tendencias y evidencias sobre el avance del proceso de concentración económica en la región pampeana tras 2002
Fernández, Diego Ariel
La fuente de información que históricamente se ha empleado para mesurar el desarrollo del proceso de concentración económica en el sector rural argentino (y, dentro de éste, en la región pampeana) es el compendio de los Censos Nacionales Agropecuarios -y relevamientos afines. En el presente, la información se encuentra truncada, habida cuenta de la deficiente implementación del Censo de 2008, con lo que disminuye la posibilidad de hacer una evaluación sobre lo ocurrido en este plano en la primera década del siglo XXI. Este trabajo se propone no reconstruir la imagen perdida, sino un intento de estimación de la tendencia que siguió. Para ello, se realizan dos tareas: en primer lugar, se analizan los factores que potenciaron la concentración económica en la década del ?90 (políticos y productivos), estudiando su evolución tras el derrumbe del marco macroeconómico que la caracterizó. En segundo lugar, se reúne la información que se encuentra dispersa, y que fuera producida en estos años por diversos centros de estudios agrarios mediante encuestas a productores pampeanos. Desarrollando ambos procederes se llega a una inevitable conclusión: la imagen que el CNA 2008 hubiese mostrado sería una de una concentración de la producción, el capital y el uso del suelo mayor que en 2002.
Interpelaciones discursivas y estrategias enunciativas de Menem y Angeloz durante la campaña presidencial para las elecciones de 1989 en la Argentina
Fair, Hernán
El trabajo analiza las interpelaciones discursivas y las estrategias enunciativas de Carlos Menem y Eduardo Angeloz durante la campaña electoral para las presidenciales de 1989, en la Argentina. El marco teórico-metodológico toma como referencia el análisis político del discurso de Ernesto Laclau, incorporando sus categorías de "cadenas de equivalencias" y "frontera política". A su vez, se incluyen una serie de herramientas provenientes de la semiótica social de Eliseo Verón y se examinan las principales modalidades y estrategias de enunciación de los discursos y el uso de los colectivos de identificación.
La construcción de la hegemonía menemista: Interpelaciones discursivas y estrategias enunciativas de Carlos Menem frente a los sectores de tradición peronista; The construction of the menemist hegemony: Discursive interpellations
and enunciative strategies of Carlos Menem facing the sectors of Peronist
tradition
Fair, Hernán
El trabajo investiga algunascaracterísticas que asume la construcción de la hegemonía neoliberal en laArgentina, enfocándose en el análisis del discurso político de Carlos Menemdurante su primer período de gobierno. Partiendo desde una perspectiva desemiótica social, coloca el eje en la fase de producción de la hegemonía, analizandolas estrategias enunciativas y los dispositivos de enunciación que edifica el discursomenemista para legitimarse políticamente en relación a los sectores detradición peronista.; The paper examines some characteristics that assumed the construction of the menemist hegemony in Argentina, focusing on political discourse analysis of Carlos Menem during his first term. On a basis of social semiotic perspective, place the shaft in the production phase of hegemony, analyzing the enunciative strategies and devices that build the menemist discourse to legitimize politically in relation to the sectors from peronist tradition.
Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis to select hurdle technologies for minimal processed radishes
Goyeneche, Rosario; Roura, Sara Ines; Di Scala, Karina Cecilia
The application of principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis as a mathematical tool to select hurdle technologies (physical and chemical) to inhibit polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and color stability of minimally sliced radishes was presented. Results of PPO activity and color were reported initially (day zero) and after 4 d of refrigerated storage. Based on the mentioned tools and from the thirteen mono-hurdles technologies that were initially selected, eight hurdles were chosen as the best and combined in pairs. From those hurdles, the following double-hurdles were selected as those capable of retaining the product color: Ascorbic Acid (AA) + Acetic Acid (ACA-05), AA + NaCl-1, ACA-05+NaCl-1, AA + Heat Treatment (TT-501), ACA-05 + Ultrasound (US), Citric Acid (CA) + AA, CA + ACA-05, NaCl-1+US. When comparing the best mono-hurdles (AA, TT-501, NaCl-1) to the best double hurdles, the following hurdles: AA, TT-501, CA + ACA-05, NaCl-1+US, CA + AA and NaCl-1 were chosen as those capable of maintaining the typical color of radish slices with acceptable sensory parameters and enzyme inhibition after 4 d of storage.
Fanon: el cuerpo, la clínica y la colonia
Cedriani, Juan Pablo
A través de sus biógrafos constatamos que en varias oportunidades Fanon tuvo a cargo importantes secciones de clínicas psiquiátricas. Sin embargo, en la bibliografía publicada y difundida sobre el autor, esto no suele trascender el carácter de dato biográfico, que desemboca en la mención de la carta al ministro residente; pese a que, para Fanon, fue fundamental su función en el tratamiento psiquiátrico de pacientes que padecían colateralmente el régimen colonial: para él, psiquiatría y política no podían escindirse, eran ámbitos que se entrecruzaban constantemente; prueba de ello era la constante tensión que representaba para él sus incursiones en ambas, los dos campos reclamaban su atención y preocupación por las consecuencias del régimen colonial en la psiquis/cuerpo de los pacientes no era un problema que pudiera abordarse descuidando alguno de los dos planos. El hospital para Fanon no fue únicamente un lugar donde esconder armas o tratar clandestinamente a miembros del FLN, a lo largo de su vida fue transferido varias veces de clínica, generalmente por emprender grandes procesos de reforma distantes de las concepciones clínicas imperantes en la época (no sin altibajos, en un principio por su inexperiencia, más adelante por las trabas burocráticas conservadoras con que se encontrará). ¿Por qué resulta de tal importancia este aspecto de su vida profesional? ¿Dónde aparece el cuerpo?
Pinning-Dependent Field-Driven Domain Wall Dynamics and Thermal Scaling in an Ultrathin Pt / Co / Pt Magnetic Film
Gorchon, J.; Bustingorry, Sebastián; Ferré, J.; Jeudy, V.; Kolton, Alejandro Benedykt; Giamarchi, T.
Magnetic-field-driven domain wall motion in an ultrathin Pt / Co ( 0.45 nm ) / Pt ferromagnetic film with perpendicular anisotropy is studied over a wide temperature range. Three different pinning dependent dynamical regimes are clearly identified: the creep, the thermally assisted flux flow, and the depinning, as well as their corresponding crossovers. The wall elastic energy and microscopic parameters characterizing the pinning are determined. Both the extracted thermal rounding exponent at the depinning transition, ψ = 0.15 , and the Larkin length crossover exponent, ϕ = 0.24 , fit well with the numerical predictions.
Effects of Parity and Serum Prolactin Levels on the Incidence and Regression of DMBA-Induced Tumors in OFA hr/hr Rats
Sasso, Corina Verónica; Santiano, Flavia Eliana; López Fontana, Constanza Matilde; Pistone Creydt, Virginia; Ezquer, Eduardo Marcelo; Hapon, María Belén; Jahn, Graciela Alma; Caron, Ruben Walter
Prolactin (PRL) is a key player in the development of mammary cancer. We studied the effects of parity or hyperprolactinemia on mammary carcinogenesis in OFA hr/hr treated with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene. They were divided into three groups: nulliparous (Null), primiparous (PL, after pregnancy and lactation), and hyperprolactinemic rats (I, implanted in the arcuate nucleus with 17β-estradiol). The tumor incidence was similar in the three groups. However, a higher percentage of regressing tumors was evident in the PL group. Serum PRL, mammary development, and mammary β-casein content were higher in I rats compared to Null. The expression of hormone receptors was similar in the different groups. However, mammary tissue from PL rats bearing tumors had increased expression of PRL and estrogen alpha receptors compared to rats free of tumors. Our results suggest that serum PRL levels do not have relevance on the incidence of tumors, probably because the low levels of PRL in OFA rats are not further decreased by PL like in other strains. However, supraphysiological levels of PRL affect carcinogenesis. PL induces regression of the tumors due to the differentiation produced on the mammary cells. Alterations in the expression of hormonal receptors may be involved in progression and regression of tumors.
Single particle sources and quantum heat fluctuations
Battista, Francesca
The miniaturisation of electronic devices has been a well-known trend in engineering over almost 50 years. The technological advancement in the field can now provide an astonishing control of charge transport in mesoscopic structures. Single particle pumping, namely the control in time and space of the flow of an arbitrarily small number of electrons or holes, has been realised in various kind of structure with, in some cases, very high accuracies. The first half of the manuscript provides a brief overview of different experimental realisations of single particle sources. Though these devices allow to minimise charge fluctuations in the charge current, because of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, the emitted particles are characterised by energy fluctuations. The consequences of it are of great relevance and presented in the second part of the paper.
Dinámica interna del crecimiento económico de Argentina, 1991-2006
García Arancibia, Rodrigo
En el presente trabajo se estudia el comportamiento dinámico interno de la tasa de creci-miento del producto bruto interno de Argentina en el periodo 1991-2006, considerando las desagregaciones posibles en sectores y provincias. Para ello se analiza la distribución empírica del crecimiento de acuerdo a cada desagregación y se especifca un modelo econométrico basado en cadenas de Markov, estimándose las matrices de probabilidades de transición entre sectores y entre regiones. Se concluye que si bien existe una mayor estabilidad o persistencia para ambas desagregaciones respecto a los rangos extremos de variación de la tasa de crecimiento, en general se observa una gran movilidad, y más aún en la tendencia ergódica o de estado estacionario.
Obsolete Muskets, Lethal Remingtons: Heterogeneity and Firepower in Weapons of The Frontier War, Argentina, 1869–1877
Leoni, Juan Bautista
This paper deals with firearms that were employed by the Argentine army in frontier warfare between 1869 and 1877. Documentary information and archaeological assemblages from two contemporary military facilities — Fort General Paz and Fortín Algarrobos — are combined to characterize the armament in service during those years. This was a crucial period, during which a process of modernisation and standardisation of the army’s armament started, centred on the incorporation of Remington single-shot breech-loading rifles and carbines. However, the archaeological record shows that this process was slow and that an astonishing variety of older firearms (flintlocks, percussion smoothbores and rifles) remained in service, causing logistic and operative problems, and reducing the army’s combat effectiveness. The paper then discusses the impact of the incorporation of the Remington guns on frontier warfare, critiquing commonly held determinist characterisations, and placing the Remington’s effect in a broader political and economic context
Do the Historical Biogeography and Evolutionary History of the Digenean Margotrema spp. across Central Mexico Mirror Those of Their Freshwater Fish Hosts (Goodeinae)?
Martinez Aquino, Andres; Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara; Eguiarte, Luis E.; Vázquez Domínguez, Ella; Perez Ponce de Leon, Gerardo
Host-parasite systems provide an ideal platform to study evolution at different levels, including codivergence in a historical biogeography context. In this study we aim to describe biogeographic and codivergent patterns and associated processes of the Goodeinae freshwater fish and their digenean parasite (Margotrema spp.) over the last 6.5 Ma (million years), identifying the main factors (host and/or hydrogeomorphology) that influenced the evolution of Margotrema. We obtained a species tree for Margotrema spp. using DNA sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers (COI and ITS1, respectively) and performed molecular dating to discern divergence events within the genus. The dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis (DEC) model was used to describe the historical biogeography of digeneans and applied to cophylogenetic analyses of Margotrema and their goodeine hosts. Our results showed that the evolutionary history of Margotrema has been shaped in close association with its geographic context, especially with the geological history of central Mexico during the Pleistocene. Host-specificity has been established at three levels of historical association: a) Species-Species, represented by Xenotaenia resolanae-M. resolanae exclusively found in the Cuzalapa River Basin; b) Species-Lineage, represented by Characodon audax-M. bravoae Lineage II, exclusive to the Upper and Middle Mezquital River Basin, and c) Tribe-Lineage, including two instances of historical associations among parasites and hosts at the taxonomical level of tribe, one represented by Ilyodontini-M. bravoae Lineage I (distributed across the Ayuquila and Balsas River Basins), and another comprised of Girardinichthyini/Chapalichthyini-M. bravoae Lineage III, found only in the Lerma River Basin. We show that the evolutionary history of the parasites is, on several occasions, in agreement with the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of their hosts. A series of biogeographic and host-parasite events explain the codivergence patterns observed, in which cospeciation and colonisation via host-switching and vicariant plus dispersal events are appreciated, at different times during the diversification history of both associates, particularly during the Pleistocene.
Spectrum of the Mutations in Bernard–Soulier Syndrome
Savoia, Anna; Kunishima, Shinji; De Rocco, Daniela; Zieger, Barbara; Rand, Margaret L.; Pujol Moix, Nuria; Caliskan, Umran; Tokgoz, Huseyin; Pecci, Alessandro; Noris, Patrizia; Srivastava, Alok; Ward, Christopher; Morel Kopp, Marie Christine; Alessi, Marie Christine; Bellucci, Sylvia; Beurrier, Philippe; de Maistre, Emmanuel; Favier, Rémi; Hézard, Nathalie; Hurtaud Roux, Marie Françoise; Latger Cannard, Véronique; Lavenu Bombled, Cécile; Proulle, Valérie; Meunier, Sandrine; Négrier, Claude; Nurden, Alan; Randrianaivo, Hanitra; Fabris, Fabrizio; Platokouki, Helen; Rosenberg, Nurit; HadjKacem, Basma; Heller, Paula Graciela; Karimi, Mehran; Balduini, Carlo L.; Pastore, Annalisa; Lanza, Francois
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by defects of the GPIb-IX-V complex, a platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor (VWF). Most of the mutations identified in the genes encoding for the GP1BA (GPIbα), GP1BB (GPIbβ), and GP9 (GPIX) subunits prevent expression of the complex at the platelet membrane or more rarely its interaction with VWF. As a consequence, platelets are unable to adhere to the vascular subendothelium and agglutinate in response to ristocetin. In order to collect information on BSS patients, we established an International Consortium for the study of BSS, allowing us to enrol and genotype 132 families (56 previously unreported). With 79 additional families for which molecular data were gleaned from the literature, the 211 families characterized so far have mutations in the GP1BA (28%), GP1BB (28%), or GP9 (44%) genes. There is a wide spectrum of mutations with 112 different variants, including 22 novel alterations. Consistent with the rarity of the disease, 85% of the probands carry homozygous mutations with evidence of founder effects in some geographical areas. This overview provides the first global picture of the molecular basis of BSS and will lead to improve patient diagnosis and management.
Macroparasites of the invasive fish, Cyprinus carpio, in Patagonia, Argentina.
Waicheim, María Agustina; Blasetti, Guillermo; Cordero, Pedro; Rauque Perez, Carlos Alejandro; Viozzi, Gustavo Pedro
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is probably the most widely distributed freshwater fish species and cultured on almost all continents. In South America, researches on parasites from C. carpio are limited. The aim of the present study was to report macroparasites from wild populations inhabiting Neuquen River, which is its southernmost distribution in South America. From spring 2011 to winter 2012, four seasonal samples of fishes were collected from Neuquen River at Ingeniero Ballester dam using gill nets. Fish were dissected and all organs were checked under microscope. All macroparasites were determined and counted allowing calculation of prevalence and mean intensity. In total 33 fish were examined and the following six parasites were recorded: the monogeneans Dactylogyrus extensus in gills and Pseudacolpenteron sp. in the canals of the scales in the lateral line system, the cestode Bothriocephalus sp. in intestine, the nematode Contracaecum sp. in abdominal cavity, and the acanthocephalans Pomphorhynchus patagonicus in intestine and abdominal cavity and Polymorphus sp. in abdominal cavity. The monogenean D. extensus was the species more represented with the highest prevalence and mean intensity. The present study report 6 new records of parasite species in C. carpio from Argentina.
Análisis espacial de los determinantes socioeconómicos de la salud en el Gran Resistencia; Spatial analysis of socio-economic determinants of health in the Gran Resistencia
Ponce, Blanca Elizabeth; Fantin, María Alejandra; Bertone, Carola Leticia
Las condiciones en que viven las personas influyen de manera decisiva en su salud, por lo que es necesario actuar en todos los sectores para promover el bienestar. Podemos distinguir una serie de determinantes que influyen en las condiciones de salud, entre los cuales, se encuentran: los sociales, económicos, políticos, culturales y medioambientales. Dentro de este marco, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo realizar una clasificación y caracterización de las diferencias socio-espaciales del Gran Resistencia. Para ello, aplicamos el análisis de conglomerados a un conjunto de variables vinculadas con los determinantes socioeconómicos de la salud. Además, esta clasificación se realizó considerando las áreas de influencia de los Centros de Salud, con el fin de caracterizar la demanda existente en ellos. Nuestra principal fuente de información fue el Censo Nacional de Población, Hogar y Vivienda del año 2001.; The conditions in which people live influence decisively in their health, so it is necessary to act in all sectors to promote the wellness. We can distinguish a series of determinants that influence health conditions, between which are: the social, economic, political, cultural and environmental. Within this framework, this research aims to realize a classification and characterization of the differences socio-spatial of the Gran Resistencia. For this, we apply cluster analysis to a set of variables linked with the socioeconomic determinants of the health. Besides, this classification was realized considering the areas of influence of the Centers of Health, in order to characterize the existing demand in them. Our main source of information was the “Censo Nacional de Población, Hogar y Vivienda” of the year 2001.
La inserción del turismo social a la agenda pública en la Argentina
Schenkel, Erica Natalia
El turismo social se inserta a la agenda gubernamental en Argentina a mediados del siglo XX. A pesar de que existan importantes antecedentes previos, con el peronismo este tipo de iniciativas se extienden al conjunto del territorio nacional, alcanzando a sectores sociales antes excluidos. Del mismo modo que algunos gobiernos europeos, en la presidencia de Juan Domingo Perón se reconoce en el tiempo libre y el ocio un área clave para la intervención del Estado y el desarrollo de políticas públicas. En este periodo la política estatal de turismo social adquiere una magnitud y visibilidad que no se repite en ningún otro periodo de la historia argentina. A partir de una investigación de los principales documentos de la política peronista, se analiza el origen del turismo social como problema público en el país, identificando los principales actores de la gestión turística, los objetivos perseguidos, los impactos territoriales, el juego de intereses y conflictos que encierra y los condicionantes de su implementación.; The social tourism into the public agenda begins in Argentina in the mid-twentieth century. Although there are important backgrounds, from Peronist government such initiatives cover the entire national territory, reaching previously excluded social sectors. As some European governments, Perón recognizes in the leisure and tourism a key area to state intervention and public policy development. In this period the state policy of social tourism has a magnitude and visibility is not repeated in any other time in argentina history. On the basis of a thorough investigation of peronist policy documents, the publication discusses the origin of social tourism as a public issue in Argentina, identifying the tourism management actors, the objectives, the game of interests and conflicts involved and the determinants of policy implementation.
Gestión de riesgos para la adopción de la computación en nube en entidades financieras de la República Argentina; Cloud computing risk management in Argentine financial institutions
López, María de los Ángeles; Albanese, Diana Ester; Sánchez, Marisa Analía
Las infraestructuras tecnológicas dinámicas, entre ellas lacomputación en nube, representan una nueva alternativa detecnología de información disponible para administrar las actividadesde las organizaciones, en particular en aquellas quehacen un uso intensivo de la información, como las entidadesfinancieras. Al analizar la utilización de estas arquitecturas esfundamental considerar los nuevos riesgos a los que se exponenlos entes; esto permite desarrollar estrategias de gestióndestinadas a identificarlos, evaluarlos y buscar el modo deminimizar sus efectos. En este sentido son útiles herramientascomo la risk breakdown structure (RBS), una estructura de jerarquizaciónde fuentes de riesgos que simplifica y sistematizael análisis. En este trabajo se pretende diseñar una RBS parala identificación y descripción jerárquica de las fuentes de riesgosvinculados a la implementación de la computación en nubeen entidades financieras, basándose en la normativa del BancoCentral de la República Argentina.; Las infraestructuras tecnológicas dinámicas, entre ellas lacomputación en nube, representan una nueva alternativa detecnología de información disponible para administrar las actividadesde las organizaciones, en particular en aquellas quehacen un uso intensivo de la información, como las entidadesfinancieras. Al analizar la utilización de estas arquitecturas esfundamental considerar los nuevos riesgos a los que se exponenlos entes; esto permite desarrollar estrategias de gestióndestinadas a identificarlos, evaluarlos y buscar el modo deminimizar sus efectos. En este sentido son útiles herramientascomo la risk breakdown structure (RBS), una estructura de jerarquizaciónde fuentes de riesgos que simplifica y sistematizael análisis. En este trabajo se pretende diseñar una RBS parala identificación y descripción jerárquica de las fuentes de riesgosvinculados a la implementación de la computación en nubeen entidades financieras, basándose en la normativa del BancoCentral de la República Argentina.
Boundary Tension at the Interface of Nanoscopic Helium Films on an Heterogeneous Substrate
Hernandez, Ester Susana
This paper reports the first calculation of the two-dimensional interfacial profile and energetics of nanoscopically thin films of helium, on an heterogeneous planar substrate consisting of two adjoining metals. The calculations are performed in the frame of density functional theory at zero temperature, with the purpose of identifying the formation process of the interface at the boundary between the two substrates when few atomic layers are involved, to elucidate the possible relationship of the magnitude of the boundary tension with the displacement of layers between the half films, and to extract keys to organize future calculations of film coexistence at finite temperatures.
Are There Different Populations of Flux Ropes in the Solar Wind?
Janvier, M.; Démoulin, P.; Dasso, Sergio Ricardo
Flux ropes are twisted magnetic structures that can be detected by in-situ measurements in the solar wind. However, different properties of detected flux ropes suggest different types of flux-rope populations. As such, are there different populations of flux ropes? The answer is positive and is the result of the analysis of four lists of flux ropes, including magnetic clouds (MCs), observed at 1 AU. The in-situ data for the four lists were fitted with the same cylindrical force-free field model, which provides an estimate of the local flux-rope parameters such as its radius and orientation. Since the flux-rope distributions have a broad dynamic range, we went beyond a simple histogram analysis by developing a partition technique that uniformly distributes the statistical fluctuations across the radius range. By doing so, we found that small flux ropes with radius R<0.1 AU have a steep power-law distribution in contrast to the larger flux ropes (identified as MCs), which have a Gaussian-like distribution. Next, from four CME catalogs, we estimated the expected flux-rope frequency per year at 1 AU. We found that the predicted numbers are similar to the frequencies of MCs observed in-situ. However, we also found that small flux ropes are at least ten times too abundant to correspond to CMEs, even to narrow ones. Investigating the different possible scenarios for the origin of these small flux ropes, we conclude that these twisted structures can be formed by blowout jets in the low corona or in coronal streamers.
The tomato phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C2 (SlPLC2) is required for defense gene induction by the fungal elicitor xylanase
Gonorazky, Ana Gabriela; Ramírez, Leonor; Abd El Haliem, Ahmed; Vossen, Jack H.; Lamattina, Lorenzo; Ten Have, Arjen; Joosten, Matthieu H. A. J.; Laxalt, Ana Maria
The tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (Sl)] phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) gene family is composed of six members, named SlPLC1 to SlPLC6, differentially regulated upon pathogen attack. We have previously shown that the fungal elicitor xylanase rapidly induces nitric oxide (NO), which is required for PI-PLCs activity and downstream defense responses in tomato cell suspensions. Here, we show that all six SlPLC genes are expressed in tomato cell suspensions. Treatment of the cells with xylanase induces an early increase in SlPLC5 transcript levels, followed by a raise of the amount of SlPLC2 transcripts. The production of NO is required to augment SlPLC5 transcript levels in xylanase-treated tomato cells. Xylanase also induces SlPLC2 and SlPLC5 transcript levels in planta. We knocked-down the expression of SlPLC2 and SlPLC5 by virus-induced gene silencing. We found that SlPLC2 is required for xylanase-induced expression of the defense-related genes PR1 and HSR203J.
SCDVP: A Simplicial CNN Digital Visual Processor
Di Federico, Martin; Julian, Pedro Marcelo; Mandolesi, Pablo Sergio
In this work we present a programmable and reconfigurable single instruction multiple data (SIMD) visual processor based on the S-CNN architecture, namely, the Simplicial CNN Digital Visual Processor (SCDVP), oriented to high-performance low-level image processing. The cells in the array have a selectable neighborhood configuration and several registers, which provide the chip with extended spatial and temporal processing capabilities, in particular optical flow. A prototype 64 × 64 cell chip with two program memories and a column adder was fabricated in a 90 nm technology, which running at 133 MHz delivers 105.5 GOPS. The calculation at the cell level is performed with time coded signals and the program memory is located outside the array. This produces a very efficient realization in terms of area: 53.8 GOPS per mm2, which outperforms all results reported so far. We show that even after normalization, to account for technology scaling, the proposed architecture is the most efficient among all reported digital processors. Computation performance to power ratio also exceeds all previous results with 817.8 GOPS/W. Experimental results of the working chip are reported.