Pollen Evolution in the Genus Echinops (Cardueae, Asteraceae): Deciphering the Origin of Giant Pollen Grains Hidalgo, Oriane; Sánchez Jiménez, Ismael; Palazzesi, Luis; Loeuille, Benoît; Garnatje, Teresa The genus Echinops is unique among the Cardueae tribe of Asteraceae for presenting two distinctive features, both related to reproductive structures: a syncephalium (=secondary capitulum) and an impressively large pollen grain with a triangular section and probably the thickest of all plant cell walls. While the syncephalium constitutes a synapomorphy for the genus, recent evidence suggests that some Echinops species have pollen similar to that of other Cardueae. This study therefore seeks to contribute insights into the spatiotemporal frame of pollen evolution within the genus.Methodology. Micromorphological characterization was provided for 35 specimens from 28 Echinops species using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen counts were carried out for two Echinops species and Cardopatium corymbosum. Pollen data are discussed in the context of a dated Echinops phylogeny. For comparison purposes, new and published pollen data of 622 Cardueae species and 303 taxa of Vernonieae, another tribe where syncephaly has evolved, were collated.Pivotal results. The ?Perennial? Echinops pollen type of huge size and triangular section likely derived from the ?Annual? Echinops pollen type, more similar in shape, size, and exine structure to that of other Cardueae. Pollen type transition took place in the genus long after syncephaly evolved. Pollen size increase did not occur at the expense of pollen quantity and could respond to warmer environmental conditions and increased male competition.Conclusions. This study of Echinops pollen evidenced the evolutionary exploration of novel phenotypic space in the genus, most certainly in response to the climatic context in which the species have diversified.

Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Siddell, Stuart G.; Smith, Donald B.; Adriaenssens, Evelien; Alfenas Zerbini, Poliane; Dutilh, Bas E.; Garcia, Maria Laura; Junglen, Sandra; Krupovic, Mart; Kuhn, Jens H.; Lambert, Amy J.; Lefkowitz, Elliot J.; Łobocka, Małgorzata; Mushegian, Arcady R.; Oksanen, Hanna M.; Robertson, David L.; Rubino, Luisa; Sabanadzovic, Sead; Simmonds, Peter; Suzuki, Nobuhiro; Van Doorslaer, Koenraad; Vandamme, Anne Mieke; Varsani, Arvind; Zerbini, F. Murilo The taxonomy of viruses is developed and overseen by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which scrutinizes, approves and ratifies taxonomic proposals, and maintains a list of virus taxa with approved names (https:// ictv.global). The ICTV has approximately 180 members who vote by simple majority. Taxon-specific Study Groups established by the ICTV have a combined membership of over 600 scientists from the wider virology community; they provide comprehensive expertise across the range of known viruses and are major contributors to the creation and evaluation of taxonomic proposals. Proposals can be submitted by anyone and will be considered by the ICTV irrespective of Study Group support. Thus, virus taxonomy is developed from within the virology community and realized by a democratic decision-making process. The ICTV upholds the distinction between a virus or replicating genetic element as a physical entity and the taxon category to which it is assigned. This is reflected by the nomenclature of the virus species taxon, which is now mandated by the ICTV to be in a binomial format (genus + species epithet) and is typographically distinct from the names of viruses. Classification of viruses below the rank of species (such as, genotypes or strains) is not within the remit of the ICTV. This article, authored by the ICTV Executive Committee, explains the principles of virus taxonomy and the organization, function, processes and resources of the ICTV, with the aim of encouraging greater understanding and interaction among the wider virology community.

Repensar el maternalismo político a propósito del sufragio municipal femenino en Santa Fe y San Juan; Female municipal suffrage in Santa Fe and San Juan: Rethinking political maternalism Valobra, Adriana María A pesar de la abundante investigación sobre el sufragio nacional, todavía existen vacíos importantes en la información básica sobre los municipios, aunque se dice que fue un nivel muy importante para probar el sufragio femenino. Este trabajo examinará los argumentos utilizados para aprobar el sufragio femenino municipal en San Juan y Santa Fe (Argentina). Repensar el voto municipal es una oportunidad para enriquecer la imagen del maternalismo político, concepto utilizado por la historiografía para entender los inicios del siglo XX como una estrategia homogénea para conquistar el sufragio.; Despite abundant research on national suffrage, there are still significant gaps in basic information about municipal, even if it is said it was a very important level to prove the female suffrage. This paper will examine the arguments used to pass the municipal female suffrage in San Juan and Santa Fe (Argentina). Rethinking municipal vote is an opportunity to enrich the image of political maternalism, concept used by historiography to understand the early twentieth century as a homogenous strategy to gain the suffrage.

Ordenamiento territorial y hábitat popular en áreas inundables: Una aproximación a la Cuenca del Arroyo del Gato, La Plata, Argentina; Territorial planning and popular habitat in flooding areas: An approach to the arroyo Del Gato basin, La Plata, Argentina; Ordenamento do território e habitat popular em zonas inundáveis: Uma abordagem à bacia do arroyo Del Gato, La Plata, Argentina Báez, Santiago; Adriani, Héctor Luis En la Argentina diferentes políticas han intentado revertir las condiciones deficitarias del hábitat popular. Entre los factores que complejizan la acción estatal se destacan la especulación inmobiliaria, el capital financiero, las empresas proveedoras de servicios, los medios de comunicación dominantes y los poderes locales. Esta situación se agrava en ámbitos de criticidad ambiental como las cuencas hídricas metropolitanas, como la del Arroyo del Gato en La Plata. En dicha cuenca, caracterizada por la contaminación urbana, rural e industrial y por inundaciones, ha crecido la ocupación de sus espacios anegables por parte sectores populares en razón del incremento de la pobreza y la inalterada mercantilización del suelo. Las normativas y la gestión de ordenamiento territorial en sus distintas escalas no logran revertir esta situación dada la correlación de fuerzas que se establece en favor del sector inmobiliario cuya contracara es el debilitamiento técnico y financiero del sector público local.; In Argentina, numerous policies have tried to revert the deficient conditions of popular habitat. Real estate speculation, financial capital, service provider companies, local powers and dominant journalism are some factors that make complexes state action. This situation is worsened in areas with critical environmental conditions such as metropolitan basins like the one of ‘del Gato’ stream, in La Plata city. This basin is subject to urban, rural and industrial pollution and different f looding areas have been occupied by popular inhabitants due to rising poverty levels and the mercantilization of land. Territorial planning norms and management in different levels are unable to turn around this situation given the correlation of forces that tend to favor the real estate sector whose other side is the technical and financial weakening of the local public sector.; Na Argentina, diferentes políticas tentaram reverter as condições deficitárias do habitat popular. Entre os fatores que tornam a ação estatal mais complexa, destacamse a especulação imobiliária, o capital financeiro, as empresas prestadoras de serviços, a mídia dominante e os poderes locais. Esta situação é agravada em áreas de criticidade ambiental como as bacias hidrográficas metropolitanas, como o “Arroyo del Gato” na cidade de La Plata. Nesta bacia, caracterizada pela contaminação urbana, rural e industrial e por inundações, a ocupação de seus espaços inundáveis por setores populares tem crescido, devido ao aumento da pobreza e à inalterada mercantilização da terra. A regulação e gestão do ordenamento do território em diferentes escalas não podem reverter esta situação devido à correlação de forças que se estabelece a favor do setor imobiliário, cujo outro lado é o enfraquecimento técnico e financeiro do setor público local.

La motivación en el Proceso de Enseñanza a través de un Paradigma B-Learning Budan, Maximiliano Celmo David; Escañuela Gonzalez, Melisa Gisselle Los nuevos escenarios educativos plantean adaptar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje al uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), el trabajo en colaboración, el desarrollo de competencias y de competencias comunicativas para satisfacer las necesidades yexpectativas de los estudiantes, el mercado laboral y las dinámicas sociales imperantes. En este sentido, cada una de las instancias de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje deben rediseñarse en base a un nuevo paradigma que haga posible una óptima experiencia. Entre los emergentes paradigmas que tienen como base el uso de las TICs nos encontramos con el denominado Blended Learning (B-Learning), el cual podría definirse como la combinación entre la enseñanza presencial y la no presencial a través de la tecnología. En particular, en este trabajo, discutiremos las etapas esenciales del proceso de enseñanza en este nuevo paradigma dentro de las ciencias básicas queintegran la carrera de Licenciatura en Sistemas de Información (LSI). Principalmente, nos centraremos en el proceso de motivación que los docentes deben fortalecer para demostrar cómo los contenidos presentados en la asignatura Lógica de LSI juegan un papel crucial en su desempeño profesional.

Biología floral, sistema reproductivo y visitantes florales de Vitex cymosa (Lamiaceae); Floral biology, reproductive system and floral visitors of Vitex cymosa (Lamiaceae) De Egea Elsam, Juana; Amela Garcia, Maria Teresa Vitex cymosa Bert. ex Spreng. (Lamiaceae) is a native species of tropical and subtropical Central and South America. Its medicinal, antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial properties are noteworthy and widely studied. This study aims to contribute towards the knowledge of the reproductive biology of V. cymosa, through: the determination of the reproductive system; the description of reproductive morphological attributes (flower, fruit, pollen and nectary), attractants and floral phases, as well as the record and function of floral visitors. Vitex cymosa presents melitophilic floral traits: diurnal anthesis, bluish coloration, bilabiate structural type, presence of visual guides in the corolla indicating the location of the reward (nectar), and a soft, sweet and pleasant aroma to humans. The pollen has pollenkit and is deposited nototribically on the pollinators. The nectary is of gynoecial origin, the nectar is released through nectarostomes located on the apex of the ovary, remaining available even after corolla abscition, as a post-floral nectary; such zone is distinguished by a purple coloration, different from that of the rest of this organ, which grows basipetally as the fruit develops. The reproductive system of V. cymosa is mixed, resulting in more than 75% of fructification, through both allogamy mediated by pollinators and spontaneous self-pollination, presenting a slight hercogamy that would contribute to cross-pollination. Eleven species of floral visitors were recorded, all belonging to the Class Insecta. Among these floral visitors, Apis mellifera was the most frequent species, and along with other species of native bees (of the genera Bombus, Centris, Plebeia, Tetragonisca, Trigona), wasps and butterflies, they would be pollinators when they visit legitimately (in the case of the hymenopterans, as some of them thieve pollen). Despite this visitor assembly, the most important pollinators are the bees, which coincides with the melitophilic characteristics of the flowers. The nectar exposed in flowers where the corolla has already fallen, more accessible to some bees and to the wasps, would contribute to greater attraction to pollinators, as well as predatory insects of herbivores of the developing fruits.

Cuando la historieta se desangra en un fuera de sí: La literatura dibujada de Alberto Breccia y un epílogo, Drácula Vazquez, Laura Vanesa Hablaré sobre Drácula para hablar sobre Breccia. Drácula es la digresión deliberada que dio título a la ponencia inicialmente. A medida que escribía y pensaba el tema, antes que un estudio de caso transpositivo, me interesé por desentramar un corpus de materiales producidos por el autor y en los que el continuum narrativo y estético de la sangre se presentaba como cadena significante en su dimensión figurativa, afectiva y política.; I will talk about Dracula in order to talk about Breccia. Dracula is the deliberate digression that initially gave the paper its title. As I wrote and thought about the aim of this article, rather than the construction of a transpositive case study, I became interested in unraveling a corpus of materials produced by the author in which the narrative and aesthetic continuum of blood was presented as a significant chain in its figurative, affective and political dimension.

Electromagnetic fields disrupt the pollination service by honeybees Molina Montenegro, Marco A.; Acuña Rodríguez, Ian S.; Ballesteros, Gabriel I.; Baldelomar, Mariela; Torres Díaz, Cristian; Broitman, Bernardo R.; Vazquez, Diego P. We assessed the effect that electromagnetic field (EMF) exerts on honeybees’ pollination efficiency using field and laboratory experiments. First, we measured levels of gene and protein expression in metabolic pathways involved in stress and behavioral responses elicited by EMF. Second, we assessed the effect of EMF on honeybee behavior and seed production by the honeybee-pollinated California poppy and, lastly, by measuring the consequences of pollination failure on plants’ community richness and abundance. EMF exposure exerted strong physiological stress on honeybees as shown by the enhanced expression of heat-shock proteins and genes involved in antioxidant activity and affected the expression levels of behavior-related genes. Moreover, California poppy individuals growing near EMF received fewer honeybee visits and produced fewer seeds than plants growing far from EMF. Last, we found a hump-shaped relationship between EMF and plant species richness and plant abundance. Our study provides conclusive evidence of detrimental impacts of EMF on honeybee’s pollination behavior, leading to negative effects on plant community.

Mixed inequalities for commutators with multilinear symbol Berra, Fabio Martín; Carena, Marilina; Pradolini, Gladis Guadalupe We prove mixed inequalities for commutators of Calder´on-Zygmund operators (CZO) with multilinear symbols. Concretely, let m ∈ N and b = (b1, b2, . . . , bm) be a vectorial symbol such that each component bi ∈ Oscexp Lri , with ri ≥ 1. If u ∈ A1 and v ∈ A∞(u) we prove that the inequality uv x ∈ R n : |Tb(fv)(x)| v(x) > t ≤ C Z Rn Φ kbk |f(x)| t u(x)v(x) dx holds for every t > 0, where Φ(t) = t(1 + log+ t) r , with 1/r = Pm i=1 1/ri. We also consider operators of convolution type with kernels satisfying less regularity properties than CZO. In this setting, we give a Coifman type inequality for the associated commutators with multilinear symbol. This result allows us to deduce the L p (w)-boundedness of these operators when 1 < p < ∞ and w ∈ Ap. As a consequence, we can obtain the desired mixed inequality in this context.

Aproximaciones al concepto de frontera demográfica: La provincia de Buenos Aires en 1881; Approaches to the concept of demographic frontier: Buenos Aires province in 1881 Otero, Hernán Gustavo La frontera ha desempeñado un rol central en la historia de la población y ha dado lugar a una importante producción académica que abordó sus diferentes tipos, en particular la frontera militar y económica. A pesar de ser frecuentemente mencionada, la frontera demográfica ha recibido menor atención. Partiendo de este contexto, el artículo reflexiona, en primer lugar, sobre el concepto de frontera demográfica mediante su aplicación a la provincia de Buenos Aires durante el período inmediatamente posterior a la Conquista del Desierto (1879). En segundo lugar, caracteriza el fenómeno en términos estadísticos georreferenciados mediante el uso de una fuente poco explorada: el censo provincial de 1881, que permite un análisis integrador que va más allá de los estudios monográficos. Por último, analiza las heterogeneidades espaciales resultantes y su vinculación con la regionalización empleada por los censistas. Entre otras dimensiones, el texto estudia el crecimiento, la densidad, las migraciones internacionales e internas, la urbanización, las estructuras de edad y sexo, y aspectos de la conformación familiar como la fecundidad y la ilegitimidad, y concluye con la importancia decisiva de las tres primeras para caracterizar la frontera de población del período.; The frontier has played a central role in the population history and has given rise to an important academic production that addressed its different types, particularly the military and economic kinds. Despite being frequently mentioned, the demographic frontier has received less attention. Starting from this context, first, the article reflects on the concept of demographic frontier through its application to the Buenos Aires province during the period immediately subsequent to the Conquest of the Desert (1879). Second, it characterizes the phenomenon in georeferenced statistical terms through the use of a little explored source: the 1881 provincial census, which allows an integrative analysis that goes beyond monographic studies. Finally, it analyzes the resulting spatial heterogeneities and their link with the regionalization used by census takers. Among other dimensions, the text studies growth, density, international and internal migrations, urbanization, age and sex structures, and aspects of family composition such as fertility and illegitimacy concluding on the decisive importance of the first three elements to characterize the population frontier of that period.

Investigación cooperativa y crecimiento como fin moral: El lugar del pluralismo en la noción de democracia de John Dewey; Cooperative Inquiry and Growth as Moral End: The Place of Pluralism within John Dewey´s Idea of Democracy Mattarollo, Livio El artículo pretende evaluar la crítica de Robert Talisse a la noción de democracia de John Dewey según la cual dicha noción sería incompatible con el pluralismo razona-ble de corte rawlsiano y devendría opresiva pues se funda en el ideal moral del crecimiento. Para ello, se reconstruye la “objeción pluralista” de Talisse. Posteriormente, se consideran los argumentos centrales con que Dewey sostiene su perspectiva, a saber: el argumento experimentalista y el argumento formativo. En este marco, se sostiene que la idea de democracia como cooperación social y la idea de crecimiento como fin moral, comprendidas en términos deweyanos, dan lugar al pluralismo por derecho propio.; The aim of this paper is to evaluate Robert Talisse’s criticism to John Dewey’s notion of democracy according to which the latter would be incompatible with rawlsian reasonable pluralism and would become oppressive because it is based on the moral ideal of growth. In order to achieve this goal, Talisse’s objection is reconstructed. Then, Dewey’s main arguments to support democracy —namely, experimentalist and formative arguments— are considered. Ultimately, it is argued that in Dewey’s terms, both ideas of democracy as cooperative social inquiry and growth as moral end give room to pluralism on own right.

Somewhere in-between: Inner speech and proto-mental content; Da qualche parte, là in mezzo: Il discorso interiore e il contenuto proto-mentale Destéfano, Mariela Natalia In this paper, I explain emerging mental content by focusing on the role of inner speech in reading acquisition. I offer a hybrid explanation that relates a Vygotskian conception of inner speech (constructivism) to dual-route psycholinguistic models of reading (cognitivism) and the notion of content-involving mental states based on socio-cultural practices (enactivism). I first clarify some of the presuppositions that allow for my proposed conception of proto-content. Second, I explore the relationship between inner speech and reading acquisition. Lastly, I develop a notion of “proto-content” grounded in the idea of internal aboutness.; In questo lavoro intendo illustrare l’emergere del contenuto mentale concetrandomi sul ruolo del discorso interiore nella acquisizione della capacità di lettura. Intendo offrire un modello ibrido di spiegazione che metta in relazione una concezione vygotskiana del discorso interiore (costruttivismo) e i modelli di lettura psicolinguistici a due vie (cognitivismo) con la nozione di stati mentali provvisti di contenuto. Chiarirò in primo luogo alcuni presupposti della mia concezione del proto-mentale. In secondo luogo esplorerò la relazione tra discorso interiore e acquisizione della capacità di lettura. In ultima istanza svilupperò una nozione di “proto-contenuto” fondata nell’idea della capacità interna di riferimento.

La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y la “conversación entre iguales”; The Inter-American Human Rights Court and the “conversation among equals” Gargarella, Roberto El propósito de este artículo es el de reflexionar sobre la justificación de la tarea de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. La idea que mueve a este texto es que, de modo habitual, estudiamos las decisiones de la Corte tratando de determinar si nos refieren a un tribunal activista o poco activista (self-restrained); más liberal, conservador o progresista; pero pocas veces nos detenemos a reflexionar sobre la justificación misma de su tarea. En este breve trabajo, comenzaré a examinar la cuestión, tomando en cuenta una concepción particular sobre la democracia —a la que denominaré “democracia como conversación entre iguales”—. Desde allí procuraré derivar una cierta justificación de la judicial review –sensible al contexto y peculiaridades institucionales de la región– que me ayudará a evaluar críticamente el papel y misión de la Corte Interamericana.; The purpose of this article is to reflect on the justification of the work of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The idea that moves this text is that, commonly, we study the decisions of the Court trying to determine whether they refer to an activist or self-restrained Court; whether those decisions are liberal, conservative or progressive; but we seldom reflect on the very justification of the Court’s task. In this brief paper, I will begin to examine the question, taking into account a particular conception of democracy—which I will call “democracy as conversation among equals.” From that standpoint I will derive a certain justification of judicial review—a model of judicial review that would be sensitive to the context and institutional peculiarities of the region—that will help me to critically evaluate the role and mission of the Inter-American Court.

Contribuciones del pensamiento queer-cuir-kuir y las disidencias sexo-genéricas a la producción de conocimiento situada en un aquí y ahora multidireccional e interdisciplinario desde el Sur-Sur; Contributions of queer-cuir-kuir thought and gender- sex dissidences to the production of knowledge located in a multidirectional and interdisciplinary here and now from the South-South Saxe, Facundo Nazareno; Míguez, Antón Castro; Sutherland, Juan Pablo Artículo introductorio del Dossier Contribuciones situadas y multidireccionales del pensamiento queer (cuir/kuir) y las disidencias sexo-genéricas en los estudios hispánicos, escrito por Facundo Saxe, Juan Pablo Shuterland y Antón Míguez Castro. De la introducción: Esa palabra tan compleja, que genera tensiones y estallidos, discusiones y “contaminaciones”: queer. Una palabra que nos suena, por momentos, ajena, y nos sitúa, inicialmente, en la conformación de este dossier. Queer, un término que, sabemos, no tiene traducción en nuestra lengua; aparece como un espectro en el activismo y la academia en distintos momentos y espacios de nuestra región desde su emergencia en un pensamiento queer anglosajón hacia fines de los ochenta y principios de los noventa en Estados Unidos, con nombres tan reconocidos en distintas disciplinas y espacios geopolíticos como Judith Butler o Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick.Ahora, mucho tiempo pasó de ese momento queer que, creemos, no inicia nada, sino que forma parte de un gran sistema de pensamiento enunciado por fuera de la cisheteronorma patriarcal y que tiene una genealogía compleja, contradictoria, invisibilizada, incompleta, caótica y multiforme. Ese momento queer es simplemente un eslabón más de esa historia y esa producción de conocimiento, una historia que muchas veces se encuentra silenciada por los mecanismos de producción de conocimiento de la ciencia cisheteropatriarcal. Y cuando hablamos de nuestra región, atravesada por “siglos de saqueo y aniquilación de la lengua” (flores, 2018), queer aparece como una tensión entre diversos espacios y posibilidades, y, en muchos casos, ya no estamos ante ese queer anglosajón, pues este se convierte en otra cosa, en algo que se enuncia con acento latinoamericano, que deviene otro término y otra palabra y que contamina la lengua del cisheteropatriarcado. En esas otras apariciones el término queer en nuestra región, se vuelve cuir o kuir u otras posibilidades, que ya no enuncian desde una direccionalidad ni piensan simplemente el queer en inglés. La unidireccionalidad se vuelve multidireccionalidad en un cuir-kuir sexo-disidente producido con múltiples acentos latinoamericanos que no debe obediencia ni rinde culto al queer producido en otros continentes.

Early selection for spike fertility index increases yield of advanced generations in bread wheat Alonso, María Pía; Franco, María Fiorella; Pontaroli, Ana Spike fertility index (a.k.a. fruiting efficiency) at maturity (FEm -grain number per spike/g spike chaff at maturity-) and spike harvest index (SHI - grain weight per spike/g spike chaff weight at maturity-) are considered promising selection criteria for improving grain yield (GY) in bread wheat. However, their usefulness in early generations remains to be established.. Here, a population derived from a cross between ‘Baguette 10’ and ‘Klein Chajá’ was evaluated from early generations (F2-F3) to recombinant inbred lines (RIL). Associations of FEm and SHI measurements between early generations and RIL were established. Also, responses in grain number/m2 (GN) and GY in the RIL after simulated selection for high FEm or high SHI in the F2-F3 were assessed. Positive correlations were found in FEm measured in the F2-F3 vs. in the RIL (r=0.32, P<0.05) and SHI measured in the F3 vs. in the RIL (r=0.26, P<0.05). After selection for high FEm in the F2-F3, responses in GN were always positive: GN increased by 5.1 to 22.1% depending on the selection strategy. Responses in GY were positive in three out of four selection strategies, averaging 1.3 to 2.1%. Responses to selection in GN and GY in the RIL using SHI as a selection criterion in the F2-F3 were negative or neutral. Our results support the use of FEm as a selection criterion in early generations for increasing GN and GY in advanced generations of bread wheat breeding programs.

Intrinsic Disorder in α-Synuclein Regulates the Exocytotic Fusion Pore Transition Di Bartolo, Ary Lautaro; Caparotta, Marcelo Rubén; Masone, Diego Fernando Today, it is widely accepted that intrinsic disorder is strongly related to the cell cycle, during mitosis, differentiation, and apoptosis. Of particular interest are hybrid proteins possessing both structured and unstructured domains that are critical in human health and disease, such as α-synuclein. In this work, we describe how α-synuclein interacts with the nascent fusion pore as it evolves toward expansion. We unveil the key role played by its intrinsically disordered region as a thermodynamic regulator of the nucleation-expansion energy barrier. By analyzing a truncated variant of α-synuclein that lacks the disordered region, we find that the landscape of protein interactions with PIP2 and POPS lipids is highly altered, ultimately increasing the energy cost for the fusion pore to transit from nucleation to expansion. We conclude that the intrinsically disordered region in full-length α-synuclein recognizes and allocates pivotal protein:lipid interactions during membrane remodeling in the first stages of the fusion pore.

Itinerarios de la fragmentación patrimonial: Archivos, arqueología, biografías y conservación de la Colección Giai (Museo de la Patagonia, PNNH-APN); Itineraries of heritage fragmentation: archives, archaeology, biographies and conservation of the Giai Collection (Museo de la Patagonia, PNNH-APN); Roteiros de fragmentação do patrimônio: arquivos, arqueologia, biografias e conservação da Coleção Giai (Museo de la Patagonia, PNNH-APN) Bianchi Villelli, Marcia Eliana; Piantoni, Giulietta; Schweickardt, Josefina María El Museo de la Patagonia “Dr. Francisco P. Moreno” (PNNH-APN) incorporóen 1943 la colección arqueológica conocida como “Andrés Giai”, resultado deexploraciones del norte neuquino. El presente trabajo, a partir de un abordajeinterdisciplinar, da cuenta de manera crítica de las condiciones de producciónestatales del archivo museológico. A partir del mapeo de un “repositorio múltiple”,se posibilita el reentramado de la colección a partir de la localizacióny análisis de documentación de gran interés que ilumina las condiciones derecolección y su posterior itinerario institucional; la construcción de redes interinstitucionalespara la localización de objetos y restos humanos; así como delanálisis e interpretación de los materiales. En el marco de los debates actualessobre procesos de patrimonialización, resulta un paso necesario que las institucionesestatales puedan dar cuenta de su accionar y lograr transformar lascondiciones de accesibilidad a sus colecciones.; The Museum of Patagonia “Dr. Francisco P. Moreno” (PNNH-APN) incorporated in 1943 the archeological collection known as “Andrés Giai”, result of explorations of the North of Neuquén. This paper, thought an interdisciplinary approach, gives a critical review of the state production condition of the museological archive. From the mapping of a “multiple repository”, the re-weaving of the collection is made possible from the location and analysis of documentation of great interest that illuminates the collection conditions and its subsequent institutional itinerary; the construction of inter-institutional networks for the location of objects and human remains; as well as the analysis and interpretation of the materials. Within the framework of the current debates on heritage processes, it is a necessary step that state institutions can account for their actions and manage to transform the conditions of accessibility to their collections.; O Museu da Patagônia “Dr. Francisco P. Moreno” (PNNH-APN) incorporou em 1943 a coleção arqueológica conhecida como “Andrés Giai”, resultado de explorações do norte de Neuquén. O presente trabalho, a partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, faz um relato crítico das condições estatais de produção do arquivo museológico. A partir do mapeamento de um “repositório múltiplo”, o re-tecido do acervo é possibilitado a partir da localização e análise de documentação de grande interesse que ilumina as condições do acervo e seu posterior itinerário institucional; a construção de redes interinstitucionais de localização de objetos e restos humanos; bem como a análise e interpretação dos materiais. No quadro dos debates atuais sobre os processos patrimoniais, é um passo necessário para que as instituições estatais possam prestar contas de suas ações e consigam transformar as condições de acessibilidade aos seus acervos.

Salarios en Argentina durante el siglo XX. Fuentes, Estado del arte y propuestas de agenda Cuesta, Eduardo Martín; Cuk, Mauro Nahuel La evolución y nivel de los salarios son elementos centrales en la historia económica. Permiteacercarse a las condiciones de vida, desigualdad, distribución del ingreso, además de otrosanálisis posibles. En el caso de Argentina, las fuentes disponibles han permitido observar casitodo el siglo XX, con alguna limitación. Dados los cambios en las características políticas eideológicas a lo largo del siglo, diferentes organizaciones relevaron los datos, con diversosobjetivos y herramientas. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de las series de salariosdisponibles, describiendo su construcción y uso, así como sus posibilidades y límites. En elmarco de las nuevas agendas en historia económica, se sugerirán senderos de investigación afuturo.; Wages are one of the main imputs in economic history, in particular about levels and evolutions. It’s allow to approach living standard conditions, inequality, productivity and income distribution. In the Argentinean case, the available statistical sources include data for the 20th century, but with different limitations. Given the political and ideological changes throughout the century, different organizations collected data with different approaches.. In this paper we present a critical analysis of the available wages series, explaining how these series were built and how were used. In the framework of the new agenda, we suggest a set of research paths.

Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo de brucelosis y leptospirosis en cerdos en comunidades rurales de Argentina Silva, Maria Julia; Scialfa, Exequiel Alejandro; Gutiérrez, Silvina Elena; Tisnés, Adela; Rodriguez, Marcelo Gaston; Estein, Silvia Marcela; Rivero, Mariana Alejandra Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia de brucelosis y leptospirosis en cerdos de granjas de pequeña escala en áreas rurales del partido de Tandil, Argentina; analizar los factores de riesgo asociados; describir los serogrupos de Leptospira spp. prevalentes y determinar la distribución espacial de ambas enfermedades. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron 340 muestras de suero. Se utilizaron la prueba de aglutinación en placa, la prueba de Rosa de Bengala y el Test de Polarización de la Fluorescencia para detectar anticuerpos contra Brucella spp. Se aplicó la Prueba de Aglutinación Microscópica para el diagnóstico de leptospirosis. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos para evaluar los factores asociados a las infecciones. Resultados. Se observaron seroprevalencias de 0 y 22,6% para brucelosis y leptospirosis, respectivamente. Los serogrupos de Leptospira más prevalentes fueron: Canicola, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae y Pomona. Los principales factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por leptospirosis fueron el mayor número de cerdos, la presencia de equinos y la presencia de jabalíes cerca o dentro de las granjas. Se asoció el uso de subproductos de cereal como alimento para los animales y el uso de cajón para el destete. Se detectó un agrupamiento espacial significativo de seropositividad a Leptospira spp. en un área de baja altitud. Conclusiones. La brucelosis probablemente esté controlada, pero Leptospira spp. se encuentra presente en estas producciones. El conocimiento de la seroprevalencia de la brucelosis y la leptospirosis, su distribución espacial y los factores de riesgo asociados puede ser útil para la prevención y el control de enfermedades zoonóticas endémicas en la región.

Combining the light-demanding Araucaria angustifolia with the shade-tolerant Cabralea canjerana: mixed plantations to produce tropical timber trees outside the Atlantic rainforest Olguin, Flavia Yesica; Moretti, Ana Paula; Pinazo, Martín Alcides; Goya, Juan Francisco; Gortari, Fermin; Vera Bahima, José; Graciano, Corina Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they are only harvested from native rainforests. Other species require high radiation to establish and can be planted in monospecific stands. The main question was if the canopy generated by a light demanding rainforest species could protect mid-successional timber species from high radiation and extreme temperatures. We evaluated the establishment of Cabralea canjerana under the canopy of Araucaria angustifolia stands. We related growth with the number of neighbors to determine the better positions to plant C. canjerana. In one stand, we measured environmental and physiological traits and we determined that seedling did not suffer light or water stress. C. canjerana plants establishment was successful in stands of different basal areas and trees reached the highest growth with up to two A. angustifolia neighbors within a 5m radius. Therefore, the number of neighbors is a tool to choose the planting location to convert even-aged to uneven-aged mixed stands. In this way, valuable native timber species that requires canopy protection during the first years can be planted outside the rainforest. This is the first report of an uneven-aged mixed plantation of two Atlantic Forest timber species.