Moving towards public policy-ready science: philosophical insights on the social-ecological systems perspective for conservation science Sala, Juan Emilio; Torchio, Gabriela María The social-ecological systems (SES) perspective stems from the need to rethink the ways humans relate to the environment, given the evidence that conventional conservation and management approaches are often ineffective in dealing with complex socio-environmental problems. The SES approach conceives non-scientific and scientific knowledge as equally necessary in the process of management and public policy formation. Thus, the adoption of the SES approach must also serve to make better decisions about what kind of science and technology would be ‘public policy-ready’ (as well as also ‘policy-relevant’); that is, a science oriented and conceived to provide concrete solutions to societal needs and demands. Here we review and reinterpret the SES perspective as a real paradigm change for conservation science. Under the lenses of philosophy, we try to untangle some weak points of the SES approach in order to advance to a conservation science closer to the process of science-based public policy creation and to enhance the intertwining with other types of knowledge. In this sense, we discuss how co-production of knowledge and decision-making process under the SES perspective are a huge step forward towards fulfilling the need to bring increasingly closer the spheres of science and policy, narrowing its interface.

Reproduction and nutritional values of the edible limpet nacella magellanica (Gastropoda: Patellogastropoda); Reproducción y valores nutricionales de la lapa comestible nacella magellanica (Gastropoda: Patellogastropoda) Nieto Vilela, Rocío Aimé; Cumplido Esmoris, Mariano José; Giorgis, Yamila González; Gil, Monica Noemi; Bigatti, Gregorio Nacella magellanica is an edible limpet that has been consumed since pre-Hispanic times by human populations along the coasts of Patagonia, but studies of its nutritional value and reproduction are not yet available. We investigated the reproductive cycle and the seasonal variation in the nutritional composition (proteins, lipids and carbohydrates) of the whole body of this limpet in order to analyse some aspects of its importance as a formal fishery resource. Throughout a single year, the spawning period extended over all months except June in males, while females spawned from late winter to spring, with an increase from August to November. The nutritional data obtained for N. magellanica are within the ranges of widely consumed species of molluscs, with annual average values of 29.8% proteins, 2.7% lipids and 1.8% carbohydrates. The best nutritional values for human consumption (highest concentration of proteins, body weight), avoiding the reproductive period, were found in April but taking into account the minimum size of capture. Our results are useful for increasing the policies aimed at managing this abundant edible limpet as a formal resource, since it is widely consumed in southern South America.; Nacella magellanica es un caracol comestible, consumido desde tiempos prehispánicos por poblaciones a lo largo de las costas patagónicas. Sin embargo, aún no existen estudios sobre sus valores nutricionales ni su ciclo reproductivo. En este trabajo se estudió el ciclo reproductivo y la variación estacional en su composición nutricional (proteínas, lípidos y carbohidratos) en todo el cuerpo de la lapa, para analizar algunos aspectos de su importancia como recurso pesquero formal. El período de liberación de gametas en los machos se extendió a lo largo de todo el año, mientras que en las hembras fue desde el invierno tardío hasta la primavera, con un incremento desde agosto a noviembre. La información nutricional obtenida para N. magellanica se encuentra dentro de los rangos de otras especies de moluscos ampliamente consumidos, con promedios anuales de proteínas de 29.8%, 2.7% de lípidos y 1.8% de carbohidratos. Los mejores valores nutricionales para el consumo humano (mayor concentración de proteínas y peso corporal), evitando el período reproductivo, se encontraron durante abril, aunque habría que tener en cuenta el tamaño mínimo de captura. Nuestros resultados son útiles para incrementar las políticas existentes para el manejo de esta abundante lapa comestible como un recurso formal, ya que es consumida ampliamente en el sur de Sudamérica.

Designing a scheduling logic controller for industry 4.0 environments Rossit, Daniel Alejandro; Tohmé, Fernando Abel; Frutos, Mariano We present a new scheduling model with the capacity of addressing autonomously reschedules of production plans. The proposed model allows to consider the evolution of an optimized schedule (pseudo optimized) and to carry out corrective actions during the execution of the schedule. These corrective actions guarantee the fulfillment of the objectives of the initial schedule with respect to the tolerance of the schedule defined by the scheduler. These tolerances are established by calculating the tolerance scheduling problem. Therefore, the rescheduling actions, instead of being triggered by events, will be activated based on the reception of realtime data collected during the production run. The data is analyzed by the logic controller in terms of scheduling efficiency using the scheduling model proposed in this paper. This model is based on Cyber-Physical Systems, proper of Industry 4.0 systems.

Gobierno corporativo en PYMES del mercado de capitales argentino: análisis de los paneles de cotización; Corporate governance in Argentinean SMEs: analysis of the quotation panels Briozzo, Anahi Eugenia; Albanese, Diana Ester; Villegas, Matías El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las características de gobier­no corporativo en las pymes emisoras de títulos en el mercado de capitales de la Argentina, en dos sectores de negociación: régi­men general y régimen pyme. La existencia de diferencias signifi­cativas entre ambos grupos de interés se estudia en forma bivariada mediante el test de Pearson Exact para variables binarias y test de Kruskal Wallis para las variables continuas. Posteriormente se analiza la robustez de las variables sig­nificativas empleando una regresión de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios con va­riables control. Las empresas bajo ambos regímenes no presentan diferencias en cuando a la conformación accionaria, dualidad del CEO, características del auditor externo, y participación de mujeres en la propiedad, directorio y alta gerencia. La dispersión accionaria es baja y existe una elevada concentración de la propiedad en el principal accionista directo. La participación de mujeres es baja en la propiedad, el directorio y la alta gerencia. Como diferencia signifi­cativa se observa que en el régimen general las empresas presentan directorios y cuadros gerenciales con un promedio de un integrante más.; The aim of this paper is to study the characteristics of corporate governance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) issuing securities in the capital markets of Argentina, in two sectors of negotiation: general regime and SME regime. The existence of significant differences between both interest groups is studied in a bivariate way using the Pearson Exact test for binary variables and the Kruskal Wallis test for continuous variables. Subsequently, the robustness of the significant variables is analyzed using a regression of ordinary least squares with control variables. The companies under both regimes do not present differences in terms of shareholder structure, CEO duality, characteristics of the external auditor, and participation of women in the property, board of directors and senior management. The share dispersion is low and there is a high concentration of ownership in the main direct shareholder. The participation of women is low in the property, the board of directors and senior management. As a significant difference, it can be observed that in the general regime, companies present boards and management teams with an average of one more member.

Effects of experimental intracerebral ventricular injection of amyloid beta peptide (1-42) aggregates on daily rhythms of Aβ-degrading enzymes in the hippocampus: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology Castro, Andrea Grisel; Coria Lucero, Cinthia Daiana; Anzulovich Miranda, Ana Cecilia; Navigatore Fonzo, Lorena Silvina One of the main pathological features in the Alzheimer disease (AD) is the presence of senile plaques, primarily composed of Aβ peptide aggregates, in cortex and hippocampus. AD late onset, which constitutes 90% of cases, could be mainly attributable to deficiencies in the clearance of the Aß peptide. Here we show that expression of Aβ-degrading enzymes varies on a daily basis in the hippocampus. Interestingly, an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ aggregates modified temporal patterns of Aβ-degrading proteases, as well as clock proteins (BMAL1 and RORα) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GPx) daily rhythms. Our findings showed that the increase of Aβ leads to the alteration of the enzymes involved in the clearance, and, consequently, to an increase of oxidative stress and alteration of the cellular redox state, affecting the functioning of the endogenous clock and daily rhythms of BMAL1, RORα and their target genes, in this disease.

Productividad y calidad de espárragos verdes masculinos en Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Productivity and quality of male green asparagus in Buenos Aires, Argentina Castagnino, Ana Maria; Diaz, K. E.; Guisolis, Andrea Paola; Rogers, William John; Falavigna, A. Introducción. En el cultivo de espárrago, por tratarse de una alternativa productiva perenne, se requiere conocer la respuesta de distintos genotipos a la zona en la que se pretende introducirlos. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la productividad de siete híbridos masculinos italianos y un testigo americano de espárrago verde de una plantación adulta en su etapa de productividad estable. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en Azul, Argentina (19/8/2016-17/11/2016), donde se evaluaron los genotipos: Italo, Zeno, Eros, Ercole, H-668, Marte, Giove y el testigo UC-157. Se compararon plantines grandes y chicos, y dos largos de corte (22 y 17 cm). Las variables fueron: productividad comercial total fresca de turiones largos y cortos, número de turiones comerciales totales largos y cortos, peso medio de turiones largos y cortos, distribución de calibres: muy pequeño (asparagina) (A<6 mm), pequeño (S; 6-9 mm), mediano (M; 9-12 mm), grande (L; 12-16 mm), extra grande (XL; 16-18 mm) y gigante (J; >18 mm), y los defectos: turiones muy cortos, turiones espigados, turiones con daño de plagas y otros como turiones torcidos, dobles planos o enfermos. Los datos se analizaron por ANOVA (p≥0,05) y la prueba LSD restringida de Fisher. Resultados. La producción comercial promedio de primera calidad lograda con los dos largos de cosecha fue 4,41 t ha-1 (37 % turiones cortos y 63 % largos). Por planta se obtuvieron diecisiete turiones (44 % turiones cortos y 56 % largos). En número de turiones comerciales totales (267 189 turiones ha-1), Ercole, Giove, UC-157, Eros y H-668, superaron la media. Los genotipos de mayor productividad comercial fueron Giove y Ercole, mientras que por número de turiones, Eros y H-668. El principal defecto fue el espigado (93 %). Conclusiones. A fin de optimizar el rendimiento comercial y minimizar el defecto de espigado se sugiere cosechar diariamente, y emplear dos largos de corte, para incrementar el porcentaje de turiones comerciales.; Introduction. In asparagus cultivation, as it is a perennial productive alternative, evaluation is required to know the response of different genotypes to the area in which are being introduced. Objective. The aim of the present work was to determine the productivity of seven Italian male hybrids and an American control of green asparagus from an adult plantation in its stage of stable productivity. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in Azul, Argentina (19/8/2016-17/11/2016), where the following genotypes were evaluated: Italo, Zeno, Eros, Ercole, H-668, Marte, Giove, and the control UC-157. Large and small seedling and two cutting lengths (22 and 17 cm) were compared. The variables were: total fresh commercial productivity of long and short spears, number of long and short total commercial spears, mean weight of long and short spears, calibre distribution: very small (asparagina) (A<6 mm), small (S; 6-9 mm), medium (M; 9-12 mm), large (L; 12-16 mm), extra-large (XL; 16-18 mm) and giant (J; >18 mm), and the defects: very short spears, sprouted spears, plague damaged spears and other such as twisted, double or diseased spears. Data were analysed by ANOVA (p≥0.05) and Fisher’s restricted LSD test. Results. The average first quality commercial production achieved with both harvested lengths was 4.41 t ha-1 (37 % short and 63 % long spears). Seventeen spears were obtained per plant (44 % short and 56 % long spears). In number of total commercial spear (267,189 spears ha-1), Ercole, Giove, Eros, and H-668 exceeded the mean. The genotypes with the highest commercial productivity were Giove and Ercole, while by number of spears Eros and H-668. The main defect was sprouting (93 %). Conclusions. In order to optimize the commercial yield and minimize the sprouting defect, it is suggested to harvest daily and to use two cutting lengths to increase commercial spear percentage.

BODIPYs in antitumoral and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: An integrating review Agazzi, Maximiliano Luis; Ballatore, María Belén; Durantini, Andres Matías; Durantini, Edgardo Néstor; Tomé, Augusto C. Nowadays, both cancer and infections caused by antibiotic resistant microorganisms are problems that affect the entire planet. Phototherapy (namely photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms) are an alternative method for the treatment of these diseases. That requires adequate photosensitizers and, in this sense, boron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) have interesting properties to act as phototherapeutic agents. In the present review, first, we describe the different strategies used to increase reactive oxygen species production. Then, we explain different architectures developed aiming to enhance the solubility of BODIPYs in biological media in order to optimize their targeting and delivery into the cells to be treated. Finally, we discuss the design of BODIPYs that are activated by specific stimuli present in the target tissues, allowing increasing the selectivity of the treatment. The data presented and discussed here show that BODIPYs are outstanding photosensitizers for the treatment of tumors and infections in the presence of oxygen and light.

A DFT+U study of H2O adsorption on the V2O5(0 0 1) surface including van der Waals interactions Ranea, Victor Alejandro Water adsorption on the V2O5(0 0 1) surface has been studied using density functional theory including van der Waals interactions (London dispersion interactions). Results reveal that molecular adsorption takes place via the oxygen atom bound to a naked vanadium atom. Water dimer and tetramer formed are stable adsorption configurations. The energy gap between the valence and conduction bands is not strongly correlated with the amount of adsorbed water. Such results are of great importance to test the potential use of the V2O5(0 0 1) surface as sensor for hazardous molecules in atmospheric conditions and in catalysis.

Del consenso a la discordia: Estado y empresas multinacionales en la era kirchnerista (Argentina, 2003-2015); From Consensus to Dissent: State and Multinational Corporations during the Kirchnerism Era (Argentina 2003-2015) Dulitzky, Alejandro En este trabajo se analiza la relación que mantuvieron las empresas multinacionales más importantes de la Argentina con los gobiernos kirchneristas durante el período 2003-2015. El análisis del contenido de las medidas económicas de la etapa, el contexto en el que fueron implementadas, y las reacciones que suscitaron en las empresas extranjeras y sus representantes, permite advertir tres momentos en la relación de éstas con el gobierno: una primera etapa caracterizada por un diálogo abierto y un auge en las negociaciones entre empresas y gobierno; un segundo período signado por el crecimiento de las tensiones y la clausura progresiva del diálogo; y una última etapa caracterizada por la centralización de las decisiones en un grupo reducido de actores estatales y una marcada distancia entre las empresas multinacionales y el gobierno.; The following paper analyzes the relationship between the most important multinational corporations in Argentina and the Kirchnerist governments during the period 2003-2015. The analysis of the content of the economic policies of the period, the context in which they were implemented, and the reactions they provoked in foreign companies and their representatives, allows us to notice three moments in the relationship between the latter and the government: a first stage characterized by an open dialogue and a boom in the negotiations between companies and the government; a second period marked by the growth of tensions and the progressive closure of the dialogue; and a last stage characterized by the centralization of the decisions in a reduced group of state actors and a marked distance between the multinational companies and the government.

Modificação de zeólita clinoptilolita natural por meio de tratamento combinado (ácido-alcalino); Modification of natural clinoptilolite zeolite by combined treatment (acid-alkaline) Castro de Souza, Vanessa; Villarroel Rocha, Jhonny; Gomes de Araújo, Maria José; Sapag, Manuel Karim; Pergher, Sibele B. C. As zeólitas são matérias com microporos bastante usadas em adsorção e catálise, porém o pequeno tamanho dos poros limita a aplicação quando se trata de adsorção de moléculas grandes. Nesse sentido, torna-se interessante modificar esses materiais naturais visando a novas aplicações, já que as zeólitas naturais apresentam baixo custo. A clinoptilolita natural foi tratada com ácido e posteriormente com base. Os materiais naturais e tratados foram caracterizados por difração de raios X (DRX), análise química por fluorescência de raios X (FRX) e análises de adsorção/dessorção de N2 . Foi realizada uma análise estatística da influência dos parâmetros de tratamento nas propriedades dos materiais. A concentração de NaOH é o parâmetro de tratamento de maior influência nas propriedades dos materiais. Maior concentração de NaOH gera mais quantidade de aluminossilicatos (diminuindo a quantidade de clinoptilolita), aumenta a remoção de silício e, consequentemente, diminui a relação molar Si/Al, porém esse aumento da concentração gera diminuição nas propriedades texturais. Além disso, as regiões microporosas de algumas amostras foram caracterizadas por adsorção de CO2 a 273 K. As condições de 0,1 moL/L de NaOH, 50 °C e tempos menores a 0,5 h foram determinadas para um maior aumento das propriedades texturais.; Zeolites are micropore materials widely used in adsorption and catalysis, however, the small pore size limits the application for adsorption of large molecules. In this sense, it becomes interesting to modify these natural materials for new applications, since the natural zeolites present low cost. The natural Clinoptilolite was treated with acid and subsequently with base. Natural and treated materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence chemical analysis (XRF) and N2 Adsorption/Desorption Analysis. A statistical analysis and the influence of the treatment parameters on the properties of the materials were carried out. The concentration of NaOH is the parameter of greater influence treatment in the properties of the materials. The higher concentration of NaOH gives more aluminosilicates (decreasing the amount of clinoptilolite), increases silicon removal, consequently the Si/ Al molar ratio, but this increase in concentration leads to decrease in textural properties. The microporous region of some samples was characterized by CO2 adsorption at 273 K. The conditions of 0.1 mol/L of NaOH, 50 °C and times shorter than 0.5 h were determined for a greater increase of textural properties.

Daniel Villar (1946-2019). In memoriam Alioto, Sebastián Leandro; Jiménez, Juan Francisco; Di Liscia, María Silvia; Salomon Tarquini, Celia Claudia El 1° de abril de 2019 falleció Daniel Villar, el primer director de Quinto Sol y también docente-investigador en la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) y en la Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS). En este in memoriam, algunos y algunas de sus colegas mencionan sus aportes, su relación personal y su legado. María Silvia Di Liscia se concentra en su labor al frente de la revista. Las palabras de Sebastián Alioto, Juan Francisco Jiménez y Claudia Salomón Tarquini corresponden a las presentaciones que se efectuaron en el homenaje que se hizo el 9 de agosto de 2019, en el marco de las VIII Jornadas de Investigación en Humanidades de la UNS en Bahía Blanca.

Percolation phase transition by removal of k2 -mers from fully occupied lattices Ramírez, Lucía Soledad; Centres, Paulo Marcelo; Ramirez Pastor, Antonio Jose Numerical simulations and finite-size scaling analysis have been carried out to study the problem of inverse site percolation by the removal of k×k square tiles (k2-mers) from square lattices. The process starts with an initial configuration, where all lattice sites are occupied and, obviously, the opposite sides of the lattice are connected by occupied sites. Then the system is diluted by removing k2-mers of occupied sites from the lattice following a random sequential adsorption mechanism. The process finishes when the jamming state is reached and no more objects can be removed due to the absence of occupied sites clusters of appropriate size and shape. The central idea of this paper is based on finding the maximum concentration of occupied sites, pc,k, for which the connectivity disappears. This particular value of the concentration is called the inverse percolation threshold and determines a well-defined geometrical phase transition in the system. The results obtained for pc,k show that the inverse percolation threshold is a decreasing function of k in the range 1≤k≤4. For k≥5, all jammed configurations are percolating states, and consequently, there is no nonpercolating phase. In other words, the lattice remains connected even when the highest allowed concentration of removed sites is reached. The jamming exponent νj was measured, being νj=1 regardless of the size k considered. In addition, the accurate determination of the critical exponents ν, β, and γ reveals that the percolation phase transition involved in the system, which occurs for k varying between one and four, has the same universality class as the standard percolation problem.

Confined Iron Nanoparticles on Mesoporous Ordered Silica for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Toncón Leal, Cristian Fabian; Amaya Roncancio, Sebastian; Garcia Blanco, Andres Alberto; Moreno, Mario Sergio Jesus; Sapag, Manuel Karim Iron oxide particles were deposited in an ordered mesoporous material (SBA-15) with the aim of studying its behavior in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO (Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis). Bulk iron oxide, and iron supported on porous silica with different textural properties (Aerosil®-200) were used for comparison. The characterization of the materials showed that in the Fe@SBA-15 material, iron nanoparticles were confined inside the mesopores of the SBA-15 support (pore diameter ~ 8 nm), and Fe@Aerosil®-200 material also presented iron oxide nanoparticles highly dispersed on the material. In situ Synchrotron radiation XRD studies were performed in order to study the evolution of iron phases in the Fe@SBA-15 and the bulk iron oxide under hydrogen and hydrogen/carbon monoxide conditions. DFT calculations were performed on bare Fe(100) and a Fe16 cluster in CO activation and CxHy hydrogenation. Catalytic microactivity tests, performed at conversions of ~ 6–8%, showed important differences in the selectivity of the materials. Higher selectivity to methane and light hydrocarbons were observed in the supported catalysts (Fe@SBA-15 and Fe@Aerosil®-200) than in bulk Fe catalyst. Moreover, the supported catalysts showed selectivity to ethylene (Fe@SBA-15) and propylene (Fe@Aerosil®-200), products that were not observed in the bulk iron catalyst. On the other hand, bulk iron showed a major selectivity to higher hydrocarbons (C5–C9) and oxygenates.

Sobre la (hiper)extranjerización de configuraciones grafémicas; About the (hyper)foreignization of graphemic configurations Hipperdinger, Yolanda Haydee Nos ocupamos en este artículo de una escritura no normativa de palabras españolas que involucra convenciones exógenas, distinguiéndola de una intervención que puede considerarse similar, por cuanto genera igualmente alternantes que se separan de la norma correspondiente haciendo uso de convenciones no españolas, pero para la escritura de palabras reconocidas como importaciones de otras lenguas. Sobre datos del ámbito comercial, obtenidos en el área dialectal bonaerense del español de la Argentina, comparamos la procedencia de los recursos empleados en la escritura extranjerizadora de palabras españolas y en las configuraciones hiperextranjerizadas, verificando una disparidad que ratifica la caracterización que ensayamos para ambos tipos de intervención.; We have dealt in this paper, with a non-normative writing for Spanish words which implies exogenous conventions, and we have distinguished it from an intervention which can be considered similar, because it also generates alternating forms separated from the corresponding norm by using non-Spanish conventions, but for writing of words that the speakers recognize as importations from other languages. On data from the commercial domain, obtained in the Buenos Aires dialectal area of Argentine Spanish, we have compared the origin of the resources used in the foreign writing for Spanish words and in the hyperforeign configurations, verifying a disparity that ratifies the characterization that we have tried out for both types of intervention

El resurgimiento árabe e islámico en la obra de entreguerras de Salomón Abud; The Arab-Islamic awakening in the interwar work of Salomón Abud Vagni, Juan José Esta propuesta procura un acercamiento al escenario árabe e islámico de entreguerras en la perspectiva de un periodista argentino descendiente de sirios: Salomón Abud. El abordaje de su producción nos permitirá reconocer un original modelo explicativo de la situación mesoriental bajo el dominio colonial, mediante el juego dialéctico entre las dos principales corrientes de resistencia y renovación: el panarabismo y el panislamismo. Abud acude al pasado para demostrar la factibilidad de la unificación árabe y propone una división social del trabajo del resurgimiento entre evolucionados y atrasados en la región. En su recorrido podremos identificar también la disputa por la reinstauración del Califato, la competencia del discurso pan-asiático y la emergencia de otros renacimientos que están ocurriendo en la periferia global. El corpus central de este trabajo lo constituye el libro denominado El Sol nace en Oriente, publicado en 1939 en los albores de la segunda guerra mundial. Aunque desatendido en los análisis desde nuestro medio, esta obra representa uno de los escasos abordajes sistemáticos sobre dichas problemáticas cuya recepción trascendió las fronteras comunitarias y nacionales.; This proposal seeks an approach to the Arab and Islamic between wars scenario in the perspective of an Argentinian journalist descended from Syrians: Solomon Abud.The approach to his production will allow us to recognize an original explanatory model of the Meso-Oriental situation under colonial dominion, through the dialectical game between the two main currents of resistance and renewal: PanArabism and Pan-Islamism. Abud, goes back to the past to demonstrate the feasibility of Arab unification and proposes a social division of labor of resurgence between the evolved and the backwards in the region. Along the way, we can also identify the dispute over the reinstatement of the Caliphate, the competence of pan-Asian discourse and the emergence of other resurgences that were taking place in the global periphery. The central corpus of this work is the book called The Sun is born in the East, published in 1939 at the dawn of the Second World War. Although neglected in the analyzes from our environment, this work represents one of the few systematic approaches to these problems whose reception transcended the national and community borders.

Dinámicas de poder y dimensión simbólica en los conflictos del extractivismo agrario en Argentina; The dynamics of power and symbolic dimension in the agro-extractive conflict over Monsanto’s installation in the Argentine Malvinas; Dinâmica de poder e dimensão simbólica nos conflitos do extrativismo agrário na Argentina Barzola, Erika Judith En el presente escrito nos interesa realizar un análisis del conflicto que enfrentó a los vecinos de Malvinas Argentinas con la multinacional Monsanto, a fin de reflexionar sobre las dinámicas del poder que posibilitan o niegan el acceso y la toma de decisiones sobre los bienes comunes y los territorios y sobre la dimensión simbólica que se pone en juego y se enfrenta al extractivismo agrario en Argentina. No podemos reflexionar sobre estos aspectos sin considerar que el proyecto moderno implicó el ejercicio de un biopoder sobre la naturaleza y sobre los cuerpos humanos subalternizados (Alimonda, 2011). Metodológicamente nos enmarcamos en el paradigma interpretativo y desarrollamos una investigación de corte cualitativo, haciendo uso de entrevistas en profundidad y análisis sociológico del discurso. Concluimos este escrito considerando los logros de los vecinos, pero también resaltando la imposibilidad de consolidarse en el tiempo como movimiento social contra la hegemonía del sistema extractivo.; In this paper, we are interested in analyzing the conflict between the neighbors of the Argentine Malvinas (Falklands) and the multinational Monsanto, in order to reflect on the dynamics of power that enable or deny access and decision-making on common goods and territories and on the symbolic dimension that is at stake and confronts agrarian extractivism in Argentina. We cannot reflect on these aspects without considering that the modern project implied the exercise of a biopower over nature and subalternized human bodies (Alimonda, 2011). Methodologically, we followed the interpretative paradigm and developed a qualitative research, employing in-depth interviews and sociological analysis of the discourse. We conclude this paper considering the achievements of the neighbors, but also highlighting the impossibility of consolidating in time as a social movement against the hegemony of the extractive system.; No presente documento estamos interessados em realizar uma análise do conflito que confrontou os moradores das Malvinas Argentinas com a multinacional Monsanto, a fim de refletir sobre as dinâmicas de poder que permitem ou negam o acesso e a tomada de decisão sobre bens comuns e os territórios e na dimensão simbólica que é posta em jogo e confronta o extrativismo agrícola na Argentina. Não podemos refletir sobre esses aspectos sem considerar que o projeto moderno envolveu o exercício de um biopoder sobre a natureza e sobre corpos humanos subalternizados (Alimonda, 2011). Metodologicamente, nos encaixamos no paradigma interpretativo e desenvolvemos pesquisas qualitativas, utilizando entrevistas em profundidade e análises sociológicas do discurso. Concluímos está escrita considerando as conquistas dos vizinhos, mas também destacando a impossibilidade de se consolidar no tempo como um movimento social contra a hegemonia do sistema extrativista.

Controlled release of antibiotics from photopolymerized hydrogels: Kinetics and microbiological studies Gallastegui, Antonela; Spesia, Mariana Belen; Dell'Erba, Ignacio Esteban; Chesta, Carlos Alberto; Previtali, Carlos Mario; Palacios, Rodrigo Emiliano; Gomez, María Lorena The development of convenient synthetic methods and improved materials for the production of high load-capacity and biocompatible drug delivery systems is a challenging task with important implications in health sciences. In this work, acrylamide/2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and N-isopropylacrylamide/2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogels were synthesized by photopolymerization using energy-efficient green-LEDs. A functionalized silsesquioxane was used as both crosslinker and co-initiator for the photopolymerization. The hybrid organic-inorganic nature of the silsesquioxane improved the resulting hydrogels´ properties increasing their swelling capacity and biocompatibility. Additionally, the mild conditions used during the photopolymerization allowed the synthesis of hydrogels in the presence of antibiotics yielding high load-capacity materials in which the drug preserves its molecular structure and antimicrobial activity (as confirmed by HPLC and microbiological assays). The materials were characterized by FTIR, DSC and SEM. Additionally, the kinetics of gels´ swelling and drug release were studied under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C). The results demonstrate how hydrogel composition affects the antibiotics-release kinetics. The final drug release percentage increased with increasing molar fraction of acrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide and in most cases exceeded 85%. Finally, the antibacterial effect of loaded gels was characterized using a number of assays against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. The observed antibacterial effect correlated well with swelling and drug release results. Furthermore, gels are not toxic for isolated erythrocytes as demonstrated by haemolytic tests. Overall, our results indicate that the produced hydrogels are promising materials to develop controlled drug-delivery devices such as capsules, dermatological patches and others.

Landscape use by two opossums is shaped by habitat preferences rather than by competitive interactions Cruz, María Paula; Iezzi, María Eugenia; de Angelo, Carlos Daniel; Varela, Diego Martin; Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago Given the phylogenetic proximity and similar morphology of opossums (Didelphis spp.), they are good models to study factors that facilitate or impede coexistence of syntopic species and to better understand how landscape changes affect species distributions and habitat use. For this purpose, we used single-species and two-species occupancy models using records of D. albiventris, considered the dominant species, and D. aurita from a camera-trap survey conducted in an agricultural and conservation landscape in the Atlantic Forest of Argentina. We evaluated which factors determined the probability of species occurrence: habitat preferences or interspecific relationships. We also estimated the overlap in daily activity patterns between species, and evaluated changes in D. aurita activity in response to the occupancy probability of D. albiventris. Didelphis aurita had higher occupancy probabilities in the continuous native forest, whereas D. albiventris had higher occupancy probabilities in fragmented forests with less complex and more open vegetation structure, and greater proximity to buildings. Both opossums were almost absent in pine plantations. Results of the co-occurrence models and the overlap in diel activity suggest that D. aurita is not avoiding D. albiventris. Occurrences of these two opossums most probably reflect different adaptations by each species to different habitats, and competitive interactions seem to play a minor role in shaping their current distributions. Didelphis albiventris may be replacing D. aurita mainly as a result of changing environmental conditions, which become unfavorable to the latter but promote the creation of new habitat for the former.; Debido a su proximidad filogenetica y sus similitudes morfologicas, las zarigueyas (Didelphis spp.) son buenos modelos para estudiar los factores que facilitan o impiden la coexistencia de especies sintopicas, asi como para comprender como los cambios en el paisaje afectan la distribucion de dichas especies y su uso del habitat. Para ello utilizamos modelos de ocupacion de una y de dos especies, tomando en cuenta los registros de D. albiventris, considerada la especie dominante, y D. aurita. Estos registros se obtuvieron mediante un estudio con cámaras trampa realizado en un paisaje agricola y de conservacion en el Bosque Atlantico de Argentina. Nosotros analizamos que factores determinan la probabilidad de ocurrencia de las especies, como las preferencias de habitat o las relaciones interespecificas, tambien estimamos la superposicion de los patrones de actividad diaria entre las dos especies, y evaluamos los cambios en la actividad de D. aurita en respuesta a la probabilidad de ocupacion de D. albiventris. D. aurita tuvo una mayor probabilidad de ocupacion en el bosque nativo continuo y D. albiventris una mayor probabilidad de ocupacion en bosques fragmentados, proximos a edificaciones y con una estructura de la vegetacion menos compleja. Ambas zarigueyas estuvieron casi ausentes en las plantaciones de pino. Los resultados de los modelos de co-ocurrencia y de superposicion de los patrones de actividad sugieren que D. aurita no estaria evitando a D. albiventris. La ocurrencia de estas dos especies probablemente refleja diferentes adaptaciones de cada una de ellas a los diferentes habitats, de igual forma las interacciones competitivas parecen afectar en menor grado sus distribuciones actuales. Didelphis albiventris parece estar reemplazando a D. aurita en el Bosque Atlantico, principalmente como resultado de cambios en las condiciones del paisaje, que se vuelven desfavorables y promueven la creacion de un nuevo habitat para D. albiventris.

Bacterial RNA Contributes to the Down-Modulation of MHC-II Expression on Monocytes/Macrophages Diminishing CD4+ T Cell Responses Milillo, María Ayelén; Trotta, Aldana; Serafino, Agustina; Marin Franco, Jose Luis; Marinho, Fábio A. V.; Alcain, Julieta María; Genoula, Melanie; Balboa, Luciana; Costa Oliveira, Sergio; Giambartolomei, Guillermo Hernan; Barrionuevo, Paula Brucella abortus, the causative agent of brucellosis, displays many resources to evade T cell responses conducive to persist inside the host. Our laboratory has previously showed that infection of human monocytes with B. abortus down-modulates the IFN-γ-induced MHC-II expression. Brucella outer membrane lipoproteins are structural components involved in this phenomenon. Moreover, IL-6 is the soluble factor that mediated MHC-II down-regulation. Yet, the MHC-II down-regulation exerted by lipoproteins was less marked than the one observed as consequence of infection. This led us to postulate that there should be other components associated with viable bacteria that may act together with lipoproteins in order to diminish MHC-II. Our group has recently demonstrated that B. abortus RNA (PAMP related to pathogens' viability or vita-PAMP) is involved in MHC-I down-regulation. Therefore, in this study we investigated if B. abortus RNA could be contributing to the down-regulation of MHC-II. This PAMP significantly down-modulated the IFN-γ-induced MHC-II surface expression on THP-1 cells as well as in primary human monocytes and murine bone marrow macrophages. The expression of other molecules up-regulated by IFN-γ (such as co-stimulatory molecules) was stimulated on monocytes treated with B. abortus RNA. This result shows that this PAMP does not alter all IFN-γ-induced molecules globally. We also showed that other bacterial and parasitic RNAs caused MHC-II surface expression down-modulation indicating that this phenomenon is not restricted to B. abortus. Moreover, completely degraded RNA was also able to reproduce the phenomenon. MHC-II down-regulation on monocytes treated with RNA and L-Omp19 (a prototypical lipoprotein of B. abortus) was more pronounced than in monocytes stimulated with both components separately. We also demonstrated that B. abortus RNA along with its lipoproteins decrease MHC-II surface expression predominantly by a mechanism of inhibition of MHC-II expression. Regarding the signaling pathway, we demonstrated that IL-6 is a soluble factor implicated in B. abortus RNA and lipoproteins-triggered MHC-II surface down-regulation. Finally, CD4+ T cells functionality was affected as macrophages treated with these components showed lower antigen presentation capacity. Therefore, B. abortus RNA and lipoproteins are two PAMPs that contribute to MHC-II down-regulation on monocytes/macrophages diminishing CD4+ T cell responses.

Does social status matter for resource distribution?; ¿La jerarquía social es importante para la distribución de los recursos?; A hierarquia social é importante para a distribuição dos recursos? Mola, Débora Jeanette; Godoy, Juan Carlos; Reyna, Cecilia Los recursos son usualmente distribuidos de manera inequitativa en función del estatus social (ES) de las personas, razón por la cual diversos investigadores utilizan experimentos para explicar el rol del ES en las decisiones económicas; sin embargo, las diversas formas de inducir el ES han generado resultados contradictorios. En el presente trabajo se investigó el efecto del ES en la distribución de los recursos monetarios en estudiantes de 18 a 25 años de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, por medio de tres experimentos con diseños experimentales mixtos. Específicamente, se evaluaron distintas técnicas para manipular el ES y su efecto en las decisiones económicas: en el Experimento 1 se comparó el efecto de dos técnicas de manipulación del ES en las decisiones del Juego del Ultimátum (JU) y del Dictador (JD); en el Experimento 2 se analizó el efecto del ES en los mismos juegos, incluyendo la orientación de valores sociales (SVO) y el estatus social subjetivo (SES) como covariables; y en el Experimento 3 se indagó el rol del ES, de la SVO y del ESS en el JD y en el Dictador de Tomar (JDT). En los tres experimentos se observó que el ES no tuvo efecto en las decisiones de los juegos. No obstante, se evidenció mayor rechazo (Exp. 1: p < .001, n2 p = .72; Exp. 2: p < .001, n2 p = .65) y valencia negativa para las ofertas injustas que para las justas (Exp. 2: p < .001). Además, se encontró que a mayor prosocialidad, mayor cantidad ofertada en el JD (Exp. 2: p < .05), y que en el JDT se ofrece más dinero que en el JD (Exp. 3: p = .01). Los resultados observados evidencian que el efecto del ES en las respuestas comportamentales no es robusto, por lo que se destaca la importancia de continuar investigando su rol en dichas decisiones.; Resources are distributed unequally depending to the social status (SS) of people. Researchers have often used experiments to explain the role of SS in economic decisions. However, the diverse ways of inducing SS has produced contradictory results. In this study, we investigated the effect of SS on the distribution of monetary resources in students aged 18 to 25 years from Córdoba (Argentina). We conducted three experiments using mixed factorial designs. We evaluated different ways of inducing SS and the effect on decisions in different games. In Experiment 1, we compared the effect of two SS inductions on Ultimatum (UG) and Dictator Game (DG) decisions. In Experiment 2, we analyzed the effect of SS in the same games including Social Value Orientation (SVO) and Subjective Social Status (SSS) as covariates. In Experiment 3, we examined the role of SS, SVO and SSS in the DG and the Dictator Game Taking (DGT). In the three experiments, we did not find that SS had effect on decisions. However, we observed more rejection (Exp. 1: p < .001, n2p =.72; Exp. 2: p < .001, n2p = .65) and negative valence for unfair than fair offers (Exp. 2: p < .001). Also, pro-social individuals made fairer offers in the DG (Exp. 2: p < .05) and participants offered more money in the DGT than in the DG (Exp. 3: p = .01). Those findings showed that the effect of SS on behavioral responses is not robust, which highlights the need to have new experimental evidence to investigate its role. Key words: Social Hierarchy, Social Status, Economic Games, Effect Framing, Social Value Orientation, Subjective Social Status.; Os recursos são normalmente distribuídos de maneira desigual em função do status social (SS) das pessoas, razão pela qual diversos pesquisadores utilizam experimentos para explicar o papel do SS nas decisões econômicas. No entanto, as diversas formas de induzir o SS geraram resultados contraditórios. No presente trabalho, investigou-se o efeito do SS na distribuição dos recursos monetários em estudantes de 18 a 25 anos da cidade de Córdoba, na Argentina, por meio de três experimentos com desenhos experimentais mistos. Especificamente, foram avaliadas diferentes técnicas para manipular o SS e seu efeito nas decisões econômicas: no Experimento 1 comparou-se o efeito de duas técnicas de manipulação do SS nas decisões do Jogo do Ultimato (JU) e do Ditador (JD); no Experimento 2 analisou-se o efeito do SS nos mesmos jogos, incluindo a orientação de valores sociais (SVO) e o status social subjetivo (SES) como covariáveis e, no Experimento 3, indagou-se o papel do SS, da SVO e do SES no JD e no Ditador de Tomar (do inglês, Dictator Taking Game). Nos três experimentos observou-se que o SS não teve efeito nas decisões dos jogos. Não obstante, evidenciou-se maior rejeição (Exp. 1: p < .001, n2 p = .72; Exp. 2: p < .001, n2 p = .65) e valência negativa para as ofertas injustas do que para as justas (Exp. 2: p < .001). Além disso, descobriu-se que quanto maior a pró-socialidade, maior a quantidade ofertada no JD (Exp. 2: p < .05) e que no JDT se oferece mais dinheiro do que no JD (Exp. 3: p = .01). Os resultados observados evidenciam que o efeito do SS nas respostas comportamentais não é robusto, por isso se destaca a importância de continuar investigando seu papel em tais decisões.