Heat transfer enhancement in panel type radiators using delta-wing vortex generators Garelli, Luciano; Rios Rodriguez, Gustavo Adolfo; Dorella, Jonathan Jesus; Storti, Mario Alberto In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical simulation is used to analyze the performance of delta-wing vortex generators for enhancing the heat exchange in panel type radiators, which are widely used in electric power transformers. The study is focused on natural convection and buoyancy-driven flows, which are common working conditions for this type of heat exchanger. First, the performance of a single delta wing between parallel vertical plates is analyzed to establish the best combination of characteristic parameters to obtain the highest thermal enhancement factor. It is found that separating the vortex generator from the surface of the panel has positive effects in this sense. Then, with the selected configuration, a set of delta-wing arrays is placed on the surface of the heat exchanger, and the resulting thermo-fluid dynamic is analyzed. The total heat flux and local/global heat exchange coefficients are reported. Using these passive devices, the overall heat transfer improves by 12%.

Bacterial nano cellullose as non-active pharmaceutical ingredient production optimization, quality control development and prototype design González, Exequiel Elías; Cerúsico, Nicolás Abel; Moreno, María Julieta; Sesto Cabral, María Eugenia Materials from bio-based resources have attracted immense research interest in recent years as a result of their very high potentials for fabricating several high-value products with low impact on the environment. Cellulose produced by some bacteria has received great attention. Bacterial Nano Cellulose (BNC) imparts attractive combinations of biophysicochemical characteristics and improved mechanical properties. The aims of this work was to develop growth media for increase BNC production, characterize a non-active pharmaceutical ingredient (NAPI), design an efficient quality control method by FTIR and SEM by compared that NAPI with commercial ones and present a first prototype of a pharmaceutical product. LB and KB media were modified and BNC obtained had better quality respect its crystallinity and/or polymerization degree than the BNC from commercial media. Different extraction processes were proposed, in no case microbiological material remnants has been found. Films for controlled drugs release prototype were made and its physical properties such as water solubility, moisture content, swelling property, UV barrier capacity were evaluated. BNC films present an additional advantage, having lower UV permeability than films with cellulose of vegetal origin, adding potentialities to a patch design that protects the tissue and the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.

Plasticity in root symbioses following shifts in soil nutrient availability during long-term ecosystem development Teste, Francois; Laliberté, Etienne The vast majority of terrestrial plants form root symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to enhance nutrient (particularly phosphorus, P) acquisition. However, some plant species also form dual symbioses involving ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, with a subset of those also forming triple symbioses also involving dinitrogen (N 2 )-fixing bacteria. It has been suggested that these plants show plasticity in root symbioses to optimise nutrient acquisition depending on the type and strength of soil nutrient limitation (e.g., N vs. P), yet empirical evidence remains limited. Alternatively, the degree of investment or “preference” in particular root symbioses might simply reflect differences in inoculum potential among soils of contrasting nutrient availability, reflecting adaptations of root symbionts to different edaphic conditions. Here, we grew two co-occurring plant species forming triple (AM/ECM/N 2 -fixing; Acacia rostellifera) or dual (AM/ECM; Melaleuca systena) symbioses in soils of increasing age and contrasting nutrient availability from an Australian long-term soil chronosequence to disentangle the relative importance of abiotic factors (e.g., soil nutrient availability and stoichiometry) and biotic factors (e.g., soil inoculum potential) in determining root colonisation patterns and functional outcomes of these multiple root symbioses. For both plant species, we found clear hump-shaped plant growth patterns along the pedogenesis-driven gradient in soil nutrient availability, with peak growth in intermediate-aged soils, while high levels of mycorrhizal colonisation by the “preferred” root symbionts were maintained across all soils. We found large increases (540%) in foliar manganese concentrations with increasing soil age and declining P availability, suggesting that plants may be relying on the release of carboxylates to help acquire P in the most P-impoverished soils. Finally, we found that soil abiotic properties, such as strong differences in soil nutrient availability, are generally more important than soil inoculum potential in explaining these shifts in our plant and root responses. Synthesis. Our study suggests that plants capable of forming multiple root symbioses show plasticity in their nutrient-acquisition strategies following shifts in soil nutrients during long-term ecosystem development, yet maintain a preference for certain root symbionts despite changes in soil microbial inoculum.

Familias capitulares y poder político en el Cabildo de Buenos Aires, 1776-1810; Capitular Families and Political Power in the Cabildo of Buenos Aires, 1776-1810 del Valle, Laura Cristina; Larrosa, Juan Manuel Ceferino Este trabajo analiza la relación existente entre las nominaciones que se hicieron para acceder a cargos en el cabildo de Buenos Aires, entre 1776 y 1810 y la posición relativa de las familias concejiles en la red social capitular. Encontramos evidencia estadística que corrobora ese vínculo entre el poder político y el lugar que ocupan las familias capitulares en la red utilizando análisis de redes sociales. De este modo, podemos localizar las más influyentes y su probabilidad de acceso a los cargos más destacados.; This article analyzes the relationship between the nominations made for seats in the Cabildo of Buenos Aires between 1776 and 1810, and the relative position of political families in the capitular socialnetwork. We found statistical evidence that corroborates the relationship between political power and theposition of capitular families using social network analysis.

12α-hydroxy- N -demethyl-sauroxine, a lycodane type alkaloid from Phlegmariurus saururus Vallejo, Mariana Guadalupe; Corzo, Marcos E.; Ortega, María Gabriela; Agnese, Alicia Mariel 12α-hydroxy-N-demethyl-sauroxine (1), another new Lycopodium alkaloid from the Lycodane group, was isolated from Phlegmariurus saururus (Lam.) B. Øllg. (Lycopodiaceae). Elucidation of the chemical structure and relative stereochemistry were stated by spectroscopic data and chemical correlation. In addition, the inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase for 1 was determined as well as for N-methyllycodine (2), a derivative with the same nucleus, previously identified in P. saururus (IC50 = 33.8 ± 0.8 μM and 547.5 ± 0.5 μM, respectively) and N-demethylsauroxine (3) whose inhibition in the actual conditions was better than the previously informed.

Distribución espacial y temporal de las recompensas florales dentro de los capítulos: El caso de Hyalis argentea (Asteraceae); Spatial and temporal distribution of floral rewards within the capitula: The case of Hyalis argentea (Asteraceae) Camina, Julia Laura; Tourn, Elian; Andrada, Ana C.; Pellegrini, Cecilia Noemí; Ashworth, Lorena Una asignación diferencial de recursos entre la función de atracción, recompensa y sexual ha sido observada en capítulos de especies derivadas de Asteraceae. Los capítulos heterógamos están compuestos por flores pistiladas, estaminadas o estériles y perfectas, con lo cual las funciones sexual y de recompensa son realizadas por diferentes tipos de flores y en distintos momentos. Esta distribución espacial y temporal de las recompensas dentro del capítulo no es tan clara en especies con capítulos homógamos, donde todas las flores son perfectas y producen polen y néctar. Aquí evaluamos la distribución espacial y temporal de las recompensas florales en los capítulos homógamos de Hyalis argentea. Comparamos la fenología floral, el número de granos de polen y la concentración y volumen de néctar entre las flores marginales y centrales, y registramos el comportamiento de forrajeo de los visitantes florales. Los capítulos tienen un patrón de floración centrípeto y también alterno y son visitados por abejas, hormigas, mariposas, polillas, escarabajos y trips, siendo Apis mellifera su principal polinizador. No encontramos un patrón temporal en la oferta de recompensas dentro de los capítulos, pero sí un patrón espacial en el volumen de néctar que aumenta desde las flores marginales hacia las del centro del capítulo.Conclusiones: Dicha variabilidad espacial en la cantidad de néctar podría afectar el comportamiento de forrajeo de los polinizadores y así aumentar las probabilidades de polinización cruzada, mejorando la reproducción sexual de esta especie autoincompatible.; Differential resource allocation to attraction, reward, andsexual functions has been observed at capitula level of derived species of Asteraceae. Heterogamous capitula contain a combination of pistillate, staminate or sterileand perfect florets, thus rewarding and sexual functions are performed by different kinds of florets and at different times. Such spatial and temporal distribution of rewards within the capitula is not as clearly established in species with homogamous capitula, where all florets are perfect and produce pollen and nectar. We evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of floral rewards in homogamous capitula of Hyalis argentea.

¿Es posible el uso sostenible del bosque en Misiones? .Necesidades de manejo a diferentes escalas, investigación, intervenciones de alto impacto, y más recursos económicos; Is sustainable forest harvesting possible in Misiones? The need for multi-scale management, research, high-impact interventions, and funding Campanello, Paula Inés; Von Below, Jonathan; Hilgert, Norma Ines; Cockle, Kristina Louise; Villagra, Mariana; Di Francescantonio, Débora; García, Daily Sofía; Jaramillo, Manuel; Gauto, Oscar Arturo; Goldstein, Guillermo Hernan Para conservar una superficie representativa de los bosques subtropicales de Misiones (Argentina), ecosistema amenazado a nivel mundial, es necesario encontrar una solución económicamente viable a las superficies que actualmente y de acuerdo a la ley 26331 pueden destinarse exclusivamente al manejo sostenible del bosque nativo, así como disminuir la deforestación en las áreas pasibles de ser reemplazadas (901617 ha y 477858 ha, respectivamente, de acuerdo al último ordenamiento territorial llevado a cabo por la Provincia de Misiones). La deforestación, que ocurre desde mediados del siglo pasado, ha sido fomentada por políticas públicas de incentivos a actividades de producción intensivas como las plantaciones forestales u otros cultivos. Los bosques remanentes se encuentran degradados por la explotación de las principales especies nativas comerciales en ciclos de corta menores a 20 años, y la productividad maderera es más baja de lo necesario para sostener económicamente la actividad. La productividad podría recuperarse en algunos casos con manejos post-extracción (por ejemplo, el corte de bambúes y lianas), mientras que en situaciones de mayor degradación se necesitan acciones de manejo más intensivas como la escarificación de los suelos o la plantación de renovales de especies de alto valor comercial y rápido crecimiento que permitan turnos de corta de 30 años e incrementos de al menos 3 m3 ha-1 año-1. Asimismo, se necesita una política de control del comercio ilegal de madera nativa, la cual disminuye los precios y reduce la rentabilidad de productores responsables. Por otra parte, la obtención de madera debería complementarse con disminuciones impositivas, por ejemplo, a través de la compensación por provisión de servicios ecosistémicos, o mediante otros tipos de usos como el aprovechamiento de recursos no madereros. En el caso de pequeños y medianos productores, el gobierno y organizaciones no gubernamentales deberían estimular la conservación del bosque por el uso de sus recursos y servicios ambientales, incentivar activamente la diversificación de la producción, y brindar las herramientas que les permitan a los productores independizarse del cultivo intensivo de tabaco. Es necesario mayor financiamiento directo a los productores para el manejo, así como a organismos dedicados a generar conocimiento que permita avances concretos en el manejo sostenible del bosque.; To conserve a representative area of the subtropical forests of Misiones, a globally endangered ecosystem, it is necessary to find a viable economic solution for the areas destined under Law 26331 exclusively for sustainable management of native forest, and to reduce deforestation in the areas where replacement of native forest is permi�ed (901617 ha and 477858 ha, respectively, according to the latest land use planning by the Province of Misiones). Since the middle of the last century, public policies have provided incentives for plantations of trees and other crops, promoting deforestation. Remnant forests are degraded from exploitation of the principal commercial species in cu�ing cycles shorter than 20 years, and productivity of wood is now too low to be economically useful. Productivity can be improved through post-harvest management (e.g., cu�ing of bamboo and lianas), but on highly degraded sites more intensive management is needed, such as scarifying of soils or planting seedlings of high-value, fast-growing species to allow cu�ing cycles of around 30 years and increments greater than 3 m3 .ha-1.year-1. Action is also needed to control illegal trade in native wood, which diminishes the prices and reduces the viability of socially and environmentally responsible enterprises. Moreover, sustainable management of the native forest should be accompanied by reductions in taxes, for example through payment for ecosystem services, or by other types of use, such as harvesting of non-timber forest products. In the case of small and medium property owners, governments and organizations should stimulate conservation of forest through forest resources and services use, actively encourage diversification of production, and offer tools that promote independence from intensive tobacco cultivation. Funding is needed both directly to producers (through laws) and to institutions that generate knowledge that permits concrete advances in sustainable forest management.

Strategic tourism management to address natural hazards in coastal areas: lessons from Buenos Aires, Argentina Tanana, Ariadna Belén; Rodriguez, Cecilia Alejandra; Gil, Veronica The integral approach to risk is currently an important background for the local development processes within the sustaintability framework. Given the greater frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events in the period 2005-2015, whose inventory shows a total of 78 extreme climate events in the four thermal stations, the purpose of this paper is to analyze risk situations and their corresponding management in the tourist destinations (TD) of the Atlantic coast of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Risk management in TDs has not been addressed in depth in the study area. Because of that, this study is exploratory and descriptive, and it was conducted by quantitative and qualitative methods. The occurrence of extreme weather events was the trigger of this study. Thereafter, the existence of risk situations was analyzed from the combination of natural hazards and material and human damage. The actions taken by the public sector were identified to make a diagnosis of the current management of coastal destinations in the province of Buenos Aires. The result of this study shows that TDs do not apply integral models of risk management, as only 16% of the total registered events were attended by public management from reactive measures to the event. It is believed possible to replicate this study in other TDs, regardless of its main tourism modality, as the analysis carried out in the coastal destinations of Buenos Aires shows that it is necessary to plan and manage risk to avoid and/or mitigate material, social and economic damages of the resident and tourist population. The main implication of the study, in practical terms, is associated with the incorporation of specific equipment for the detection of storms and other meteorological phenomena. In addition, it should start, from the management, with a process of awareness of the resident and tourist population about the risk and its consequences. Knowing the existence of natural hazards is a strategic resource for public management. From the identification of the hazards, exposure and vulnerability of the population, it is possible to begin to take measures to mitigate the risk and conduct awareness campaigns about the risk situations that may arise from the occurrence of meteorological phenomena. in beach areas. In this sense, the development of a culture of risk is very important. The relationship between the occurrence of extreme weather events and tourism has not been addressed in depth in Argentina. Therefore, this work provides an interdisciplinary vision (from tourism and physical geography) about the hazards that extreme phenomena represent in TDs, the situations of risk that they detaches there and the weakness of public management in coastal destinations of Buenos Aires. This case study shows that the absence of planning and risk management has serious implications for the continuity of the development processes of the destinations.

Soluble phenolics extracted from Larrea divaricata leaves modulate soil microbial activity and perennial grass establishment in arid ecosystems of the Patagonian Monte, Argentina Segesso, L.; Carrera, Analía Lorena; Bertiller, Monica Beatriz; Saravi Cisneros, Hebe Sheep grazing induces the reduction of perennial grass cover and the increase of shrub cover with high  concentration of chemical defences. We analysed the effects of secondary metabolites released from green and senesced leaves of the shrub Larrea divaricata on soil microbial activity and the establishment of perennial grasses in arid ecosystems of the Patagonian Monte. We carried out microcosm experiments with soil from plant patches without and with L. divaricata and inert substrate seeded with the perennial grasses Poa ligularis and Nassella tenuis, which are characteristic of the Patagonian Monte. Microcosms were subjected to three watering treatments: distilled water and aqueous extracts of green and senesced leaves of L. divaricata with high concentration of soluble phenolics. We assessed the microbial N-flush and net-N mineralization in soil, andseed germination, survival, and biomass of both perennial grass species. Aqueous leaf extracts led toa 29% increase in microbial N-flush and a 20% reduction in the net-N mineralization. Seed germination was less negatively affected by aqueous leaf extracts in P. ligularis (18% reduction) than in N. tenuis (2?69% reduction). Survival of P. ligularis was not affected by aqueous leaf extracts while that of N. tenuis was 21?45% reduced only in the soil from plant patches without L. divaricata. Biomass accumulation of both perennial grass species was negatively affected by aqueous extracts of senesced leaves. We concluded that soluble metabolites extracted from L. divaricata may have positive or negative effects on microbial activity and potential allelopathic effects on perennial grass regeneration depending on species.

Aceptabilidad sensorial de galletitas recubiertas con un baño de repostería con leche amargo reducido en grasas Carboni, Angela Daniela; Peralta, Juan Manuel; Meza, Barbara Erica del Valle El objetivo del presente trabajo fue valorar el nivel de aceptación sensorial de galletitas recubiertas con un baño de repostería con leche amargo reducido en grasas. El mismo fue elaborado con cacao amargo desgrasado, leche descremada, azúcar impalpable, proteína del lactosuero como sustituto de grasa, glicerina y agua potable. Además, se elaboró un baño de repostería tradicional (usado como control) utilizando los mismos ingredientes pero reemplazando el contenido de sustituto de grasa por aceite de girasol y lecitina de soja. En ambos casos, la composición se adecuó para que cumpla con el Código Alimentario Argentino. Se usaron galletitas dulces comerciales con forma rectangular. Las mismas fueron recubiertas con los baños de repostería usando la técnica de recubrimiento por inmersión (dipping) y luego fueron colocadas en recipientes herméticos, almacenándolas en heladera durante 24 h. El ensayo de aceptabilidad sensorial fue realizado en una sala acondicionada, utilizando un panel de consumidores no entrenados compuesto por 105 participantes. Cada consumidor debió indicar en una planilla el nivel de aceptación por cada muestra y su preferencia. Los valores obtenidos fueron analizados estadísticamente. De acuerdo a los resultados, tanto las galletitas recubiertas con el baño de repostería reducido en grasa como con el tradicional presentaron una alta aceptabilidad. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los niveles de aceptación y de preferencia entre ambas muestras por parte de los consumidores. De esta forma, podría considerarse viable la utilización de un baño de repostería con leche amargo reducido en grasa en reemplazo del producto tradicional (elaborado con aceite vegetal) para recubrir galletitas dulces. Se obtendría un producto recubierto con menor contenido calórico, sin modificar la aceptación y la preferencia por el mismo.

Electrooxidation of ethanol and glycerol on carbon supported PtCu nanoparticles Castagna, Rodrigo Martín; Sieben, Juan Manuel; Alvarez, Andrea Elizabeth; Duarte, Marta María Elena Four carbon supported PtCu nanostructured catalysts with Pt:Cu atomic ratios of 1:3.20, 1:2.23, 1:0.61 and 1:0.35 were synthesized by a two-step route, involving the chemical reduction of Cu ions on the carbon support, followed by the partial galvanic replacement of Cu atoms by Pt. Bimetallic nanostructured particles with average sizes in the range of 2.3–3.2 nm were obtained. The bimetallic catalysts with surface Pt contents between 20 and 55 at. % were formed by a Cu-rich core surrounded by a Pt-Cu shell, while that with the highest Pt content presented a uniform alloy structure instead of a core-shell arrangement. The electrocatalytic performance of the as-prepared materials toward ethanol electrooxidation in acid and alkaline media and glycerol oxidation in alkaline environment was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. It was observed that the electrocatalytic activity of PtCu nanoparticles was found to depend on the surface composition, platinum utilization efficiency, structure and Pt ensemble. Among the as-prepared catalysts, Pt0·62Cu0·38/C core-shell material showed the best performance for ethanol oxidation in both acid and alkaline environments, while Pt0·24Cu0·76/C and Pt0·31Cu0·69/C core-shell catalysts exhibited the highest activity for glycerol oxidation in alkaline medium. The electrochemical results showed that the catalytic activity of the bimetallic Cu@PtCu core-shell nanostructured nanoparticles is between four and ten times higher than that of a commercial Pt0·51Ru0·49/C catalyst.

Emojis frecuentes en las interacciones por WhatsApp: estudio comparativo entre dos variedades de español (Argentina y España); Frequent emojis in WhatsApp interactions: a comparative study between two Spanish varieties (Argentina and Spain) Cantamutto, Lucía Marina; Vela Delfa, Cristina Dentro de los recursos semióticos disponibles en los sistemas de mensajería instantánea, los emojis son especialmente apreciados por los usuarios gracias al variado repertorio que ofrecen como por su capacidad para dinamizar la interacción. Ante el crecimiento de su uso, nos planteamos la necesidad de disponer de una técnica metodológica que permita no solo identificar los emojis más frecuentes (es decir, los que tengan un uso más extendido en una comunidad de habla), sino también sus principales funciones e interpretaciones más usuales. Por ello, en este trabajo presentamos, por un lado, una metodología que hace posible recuperar los emojis utilizados con mayor frecuencia por parte de un grupo de usuarios de WhatsApp y, por otro, un modelo de exploración e interpretación de estos primeros datos obtenidos. Nuestro diseño metodológico se aplica a la recogida de una muestra comparativa de dos variedades del español: español de España y español de Argentina.; Within the semiotic resources available in instant messaging systems, emojis are especially appreciated by users due to the varied repertoire that offer as for its ability to dynamize the interaction. With the growth of its use, we consider the need for a methodology technique that allows not only to identify the most frequent emojis (i.e., those who have a more extended use in a speech community), but also its main functions and common interpretations. Therefore, in this work, we present, on the one hand, a methodology that makes it possible to recover the emojis used most frequently by a group of WhatsApp users and, on the other, an exploration and interpretation of these first data obtained. We applied our methodological design for the collection of a comparative sample of two Spanish varieties: Spanish of Spain and Spanish of Argentina.

Comments on Digital Current Control in a Rotating Reference Frame-Part I: System Modeling and the Discrete Time-Domain Current Controller With Improved Decoupling Capabilities Busada, Claudio Alberto; Gómez Jorge, Sebastián; Solsona, Jorge Alberto A recent paper by Hoffmann et al. presents a discrete-time model in a rotating dq reference frame of an R-L filter and its current control. The purpose of this note is, first, to show that the discrete model presented in the paper behaves differently to the sampled continuous-time model of the plant, formulated in the stationary αβ reference frame; second, to find the proper discretization of the plant in dq coordinates; and third, to verify that there is cross coupling between axes d and q in the closed-loop system if the original model is used, and that this coupling is not present when using the model found in this note. In the note, it is verified that having a precise model of the plant allows us to fulfill the control objective of obtaining the complete decoupling between axes.

Amide Bond Formation Catalyzed by Recyclable Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Zeolite Y under Mild Conditions Moglie, Yanina Fernanda; Buxaderas, Eduardo; Mancini Gonzalez, Agustina Eliana; Alonso, Francisco; Radivoy, Gabriel Eduardo A series of catalysts based on supported copper nanoparticles have been prepared and tested in the amide bond formation from tertiary amines and acid anhydrides, in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant. Copper nanoparticles on zeolite Y (CuNPs/ZY) was found to be the most efficient catalyst for the synthesis of amides, working in acetonitrile as solvent, under ligand- and base-free conditions in air. The products were obtained in good to excellent yields and in short reaction times. The CuNPs/ZY system also exhibited higher catalytic activity than some commercially available copper and iron sources and it was reused in ten reaction cycles without any further pre-treatment. This methodology has been successfully scaled-up to a gram scale with no detriment to the yield.

Immobilization of enological pectinase in calcium alginate hydrogels: A potential biocatalyst for winemaking Martín, María Carolina; Lopez, Olivia Valeria; Ciolino, Andrés Eduardo; Morata, Vilma Ines; Villar, Marcelo Armando; Ninago, Mario Daniel A biocatalyst was obtained by immobilizing an enological commercial pectinase within calcium alginate hydrogels using an entrapment technique, and its catalytic activity was evaluated during different storage conditions. Hydrogel beads were stored at 4 °C in three different ways: (i) wet, in citrate buffer solution (pH 3.8); (ii) dehydrated by using a vacuum stove; and (iii) freeze-dried. Biocatalyst surface and their internal morphology were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and a good enzyme distribution throughout alginate matrix was observed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of absorption bands associated with amino groups present in enzymes. Immobilization procedure did not modify the optimal pH and temperature (pH = 4.0 and 20 °C) for pectinase activity, comparing to free enzyme. Entrapped pectinase showed activity until six reaction cycles with 40% residual activity. Storage stability studies demonstrated that wet entrapped pectinase retained its initial enzymatic activity up to 11 weeks, whereas that lyophilized hydrogels retained its original activity after 8 months of storage. These results suggest that immobilized pectinase may be successfully exploited in various industrial applications, with special concern in grape juice clarification process. Thus, the turbidity of grape must decreased significantly using the immobilized pectinase during 150 min at 20 °C. This biocatalyst could be easily removed after clarification process and it can be reused, minimizing production economic costs in wine industry.

Typification of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae) names based on the collections gathered by the Botanical Expedition to the Viceroyalty of Peru Moroni, Pablo Daniel; O'Leary, Nataly Cristina There has been considerable discussion on the history of the collections gathered by the Botanical Expedition to the Viceroyalty of Peru, members of which remained thirty-four years (1777–1811) collecting in the New World. Two species names in Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae), Rauvolfia flexuosa, the basionym of Citharexylum flexuosum since Don’s combination in 1831, and Rauvolfia macrophylla, now treated as a synonym of the former species name, were published by Ruiz and Pavón based on plant material they collected in Peru as well as material herborized by Tafalla, a subordinate who remained exploring in South America after the return of Ruiz and Pavón to Spain. A third species name, Citharexylum dentatum, was published by Don also based on Peruvian material collected by Tafalla. The resale and/or redistribution to other herbaria of a large part of the material gathered by the expedition members in South America has caused much confusion and hindered proper typification of these names. Based on thorough study of original material, original manuscripts, and pertinent literature, a critical review is provided and lectotypes are designated for the names R. flexuosa, R. macrophylla, and C. dentatum.

Antifungal activity of cotton fabrics finished modified silica-silver- carbon-based hybrid nanoparticles Igal, Katerine; Arreche, Romina; Sambeth, Jorge Enrique; Bellotti, Natalia; Vega Baudrit, José; Redondo Gómez, Carlos; Vazquez, Patricia Graciela In this work, the one-pot sol-gel synthesis of novel siliceous matrixes doped with carbon from spent batteries is reported. The obtained solids with silver nitrate were characterized by their antifungal activity against Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp. and Chaetomium globosum, three well-known cellulolytic microorganisms responsible for the deterioration of cotton fabric. In this research it was possible to develop a methodology for the impregnation of cotton fabrics (brin type) and to evaluate the antifungal efficacy. Cotton fabric containing the highest amount of carbon showed the highest antifungal activity against C. globosum and Aspergillus sp. This may be because as the amount of carbon in the silica increases, there is an increase in the surface area that facilitates an effective distribution of the active phase to act, inhibiting the fungal growth.

Whole genome re-sequencing analysis of two tomato genotypes for polymorphism insight in cloned genes and a genetic map construction Cambiaso, Vladimir; Pratta, Guillermo Raúl; Pereira Da Costa, Javier Hernán; Zorzoli, Roxana; Francis, David Merrill; Rodríguez, Gustavo Rubén Next generation sequencing technologies have become affordable for most plant breeding programs. In this study we sequenced the entire genome of the Solanum lycopersicum L. cultivar Caimanta and S. pimpinellifolium L. accession LA0722 with assembly relative to the Heinz 1706 reference version SL2.50. We present 1) analysis of the amount and distribution of polymorphism in “Caimanta” and “LA0722” 2) examination of alleles in candidate genes affecting disease resistance, fruit shape, fruit weight and fruit quality and 3) development of molecular markers to construct a genetic linkage map based on a F2 population. A total of 1,397,518 polymorphisms were detected in the comparison between “Caimanta” and “LA0722”. A resistant allele for Rx4/Xv3 was detected by sequence, and confirmed through inoculation. - We developed a set of insertion/deletion (InDel) DNA markers that can be multiplexed and scored using easily accessed genotyping platforms. These markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map. We demonstrate that the whole genome sequencing of parental lines can be successfully used to reveal phenotypes and characterize a reference population through easily accessed genotyping strategies.

An olive oil phenolic is a new chemotype of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) inhibitors Verdura, Sara; Cuyás, Elisabet; Lozano Sánchez, Jesús; Bastidas Velez, Cristian; Llorach Parés, Laura; Fernández Arroyo, Salvador; Hernández Aguilera, Anna; Joven, Jorge; Nonell Canals, Alfons; Bosch Barrera, Joaquim; Martin Castillo, Begonã; Vellón, Luciano; Sanchez Martinez, Melchor; Segura Carretero, Antonio; Menendez, Javier A. Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene confer an oncogenic gain-of-function activity that allows the conversion of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). The accumulation of 2HG inhibits α-KG-dependent histone and DNA demethylases, thereby generating genome-wide hypermethylation phenotypes with cancer-initiating properties. Several chemotypes of mutant IDH1/2-targeted inhibitors have been reported, and some of them are under evaluation in clinical trials. However, the recognition of acquired resistance to such inhibitors within a few years of clinical use raises an urgent need to discover new mutant IDH1 antagonists. Here, we report that a naturally occurring phenolic compound in extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) selectively inhibits the production of 2HG by neomorphic IDH1 mutations. In silico docking, molecular dynamics, including steered simulations, predicted the ability of the oleoside decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (DOA) to preferentially occupy the allosteric pocket of mutant IDH1. DOA inhibited the enzymatic activity of recombinant mutant IDH1 (R132H) protein in the low micromolar range, whereas >10-fold higher concentrations were required to inhibit the activity of wild-type (WT) IDH1. DOA suppressed 2HG overproduction in engineered human cells expressing a heterozygous IDH1-R132H mutation. DOA restored the 2HG-suppressed activity of histone demethylases as it fully reversed the hypermethylation of H3K9me3 in IDH1-mutant cells. DOA epigenetically restored the expression of PD-L1, an immunosuppressive gene silenced in IDH1 mutant cells via 2HG-driven DNA hypermethylation. DOA selectively blocked colony formation of IDH1 mutant cells while sparing WT IDH1 isogenic counterparts. In sum, the EVOO-derived oleoside DOA is a new, naturally occurring chemotype of mutant IDH1 inhibitors.

Evolution of the Major Gercino Shear Zone in the Dom Feliciano Belt, South Brazil, and implications for the assembly of southwestern Gondwana Hueck, Mathias; Stipp Basei, Miguel Angelo; Wemmer, Klaus; Oriolo, Sebastián; Heidelbach, Florian; Siegesmund, Siegfried The Dom Feliciano Belt developed during the Brasiliano–Pan-African orogenic cycle due to the tectonic interaction between the Rio de la Plata, Congo and Kalahari cratons, along with the amalgamation of smaller continental fragments. Together with its prolongations to the south, the Major Gercino Shear Zone constitutes one of the main lineaments of the orogenic system, establishing a more than 1000 km long NE-trending tectonic boundary between a granitic batholith and a metavolcano-sedimentary association. Based on combined field, structural, microstructural and textural data, together with new and published geochronological data, a refined model for the geological evolution of the Major Gercino Shear Zone is presented. Regional NW-verging, low-dipping structures were generated between 650 and 615 Ma, preceding the formation of the shear zone. This was followed by the main deformation phase, corresponding to pure-shear dominated dextral strike-slip, interpreted do be controlled by regional transpression during oblique convergence of the continental terranes. This stage lasted until ca. 585 Ma and was coeval with the continuous emplacement of granitic magmatism along the structure. Strain partitioning and localization led to the development of mylonitic belts along the intrusion borders mostly under greenschist facies metamorphic conditions. Late-stage ductile deformation along the structure was active during the cooling of the intrusions until ca. 550 Ma, while the deformation front of the orogenic system migrated to counterpart orogenic belts in the African continent. After tectonic stabilization, the Major Gercino Shear Zone recorded episodic brittle reactivation, possibly related to the Phanerozoic evolution of the active margins and intracratonic basins in Gondwana.