Características del olivar en los valles áridos del noroeste de Argentina Gomez del Campo, M. V.; Morales Silleros, A. M.; Vita Serman, Alberto Facundo; Rousseaux, Maria Cecilia; Searles, Peter Stoughton

Acute and Chronic Effects of Copper, Chromium and Insecticide-Endosulfan on Littoral Cladocera, Pseudosida Variabilis Gutierrez, Marìa Florencia; Gagneten, Ana María; Paggi, Juan Cesar Recent works have emphasized on the serious problems caused by the toxicity of pesticides and heavy metals on aquatic ecosystems due to human activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicities of an insecticide with endosulfan as active element and the metals copper and chromium on the littoral cladocera ctenopoda, Pseudosida variabilis. The lethal and sublethal effects on eight biological endpoints were analyzed paying special attention to the intrinsic rate of increase (r). The EC50 values to copper, chromium and endosulfan were: 29; 133.2 and 1.75 μl l-1 at 24 h and 12; 52.5 and 1.04 μg l-1 at 48 h respectively. A comparison with other freshwater cladocerans revealed that P. variabilis would be an appropriate species to be used as a test organism in ecotoxicological studies. A detailed analysis of each life history trait showed that copper, chromium and endosulfan had negative effects on several life history parameters. However, the r value was not the most appropriate endpoint of copper and chromium toxicity, when it was compared with other individual and population parameters. Survival, longevity, age of first reproduction and mean brood size were the most appropriate parameters for both metals. On the contrary, in case of endosulfan, this endpoint was severely affected, and the population consequences are discussed. The results suggest that multiple biological endpoints and an extended period of exposure are needed in order to achieve a better screening of metal and insecticide toxicity.

Prospección de enfermedades de la soja en la provincia de Tucumán y zonas de influencia durante las campañas 2009/2010 y 2010/2011 Gonzalez, Victoria del Valle; Ploper, Leonardo Daniel; Hecker, Luis; de Lisi, Vicente; Reznikov, Sebastian; Gimenez, Cynthia; Stegmayer, Carlos A.; Diaz, Santiago Personal de la Sección Fitopatología de la Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) monitorea anualmente en forma intensiva los lotes de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] de la provincia de Tucumán y sus zonas de influencia (oeste de Santiago del Estero y sudeste de Catamarca), con el objetivo de evaluar su estado sanitario. En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados de las prospecciones realizadas durante las campañas 2009/2010 y 2010/2011. Durante la campaña 2009/2010 la producción de soja en el NOA resultó muy favorable en lo que se refiere a las condiciones climáticas, registrándose precipitaciones apropiadas en cantidad y distribución para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los cultivos en la mayor parte de la región. La ocurrencia y los daños ocasionados por las enfermedades fueron mínimos a pesar de haberse presentado condiciones favorables para el desarrollo de las mismas a lo largo de la campaña. Las patologías foliares mostraron valores de severidad que no superaron el 30%. La pústula bacteriana (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines) y el mildiu (Peronospora manshurica) presentaron mayores valores de severidad (30%) en relación a las otras enfermedades evaluadas. La roya de la soja (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) no tuvo importancia alguna; apareció en forma tardía y progresó muy lentamente. En cuanto a la campaña 2010/2011, con condiciones ambientales que también fueron favorables para el cultivo, se detectaron incrementos en la severidad de las patologías foliares, incluyendo tizón por Cercospora (Cercospora kikuchii), mancha anillada (Corynespora cassiicola) y mancha por Myrothecium (Myrothecium roridum). La mancha anillada y mancha por Myrothecium fueron detectadas en la localidad de San Agustín sólo en la última campaña. En contraste, la roya de la soja no tuvo importancia alguna en la campaña, en parte, por su tardía detección a fines de marzo.

Estrategias de estudio y aprendizaje en estudiantes de nivel medio y universitario; Learning Strategies in College and High School Students Uriel, Fabiana Edith; Carreras, María Alejandra; Ongarato, Paula; Stover, Juliana Beatriz; Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes Los bajos niveles de rendimiento académico alcanzados en el nivel superior de educación han sido tema de análisis en los últimos años a la luz de la marcada distancia entre la formación previa de los ingresantes y las competencias requeridas para cursar aquellos estudios. numerosas variables influyen en este cuadro de situación. dentro de la psicología de la educación, un tópico habitualmente contemplado para abordar esta cuestión son las estrategias de aprendizaje. este constructo se analizó en estudiantes de psicología de dos universidades públicas argentinas (n=193) y de dos escuelas medias estatales de Buenos aires (n=155), contemplando diferencias en su uso (p>0,01) según variables sociodemográficas (sexo, nivel educativo, grupo de convivencia y educación parental). se encontró que las mujeres refieren mayor ansiedad y recurren a técnicas de ayuda al estudio más asiduamente que los varones. se verificó un mayor uso de todas las estrategias en los alumnos universitarios, a excepción de ansiedad y preocupación por el rendimiento. no se verificaron diferencias según grupo de convivencia y educación parental. Los resultados se analizan a la luz de hallazgos precedentes.; Low academic achievement in College and the big distance between freshmen’s previous training and skills required in this educational level are considered an important issue. this situation can be explained by a certain number of variables. in spite of this, educational psychology points to learning strategies to address the question. a comparison between High school (n=155, public schoolers from Buenos aires City) and College students (n=193, from two public argentinean universities) is presented. differences in learning strategies are analyzed (p<0,01) by socio-demographic variables (sex, cohabitation group, educational level and parental education). Females show more anxiety and use helping study techniques more frequently than males. Comparing strategies employed by highschoolers and College students, significant differences in every strategy, favouring College participants, were verified, except in anxiety and concerns on achievement. differences were not verified in any strategy, neither by cohabitation group, nor by parental educational level. results are discussed taking into account recent findings.

Latitudinal gradients in macroalgal biodiversity in the Southwest Atlantic between 36 and 55°S Liuzzi, Maria Gabriela; López Gappa, Juan José; Piriz, Maria Luz Different groups of marine benthic organisms show contrasting latitudinal patterns of biodiversity. The widely accepted paradigm of increasing biodiversity towards the tropics does not seem to be valid for macroalgal floras of the Southern Hemisphere. We compiled a database summarizing the distributional ranges of macroalgae along the coast of Argentina to test whether biodiversity decreases towards lower latitudes, as in the Pacific coast of South America, and whether breaking points in the geographical distribution can be recognized in one or more areas of the Southwest Atlantic south of 36°S. We found a clear trend of decreasing biodiversity with decreasing latitude. The interpretation of some biodiversity declines is confounded by changes in the intensity of the sampling effort. A 51% reduction in algal species richness between 42 and 41°S coincides with the boundary between the Argentine and Magellanic Zoogeographic Provinces. This sharp breaking point is related to a thermal anomaly caused by long residence times of water masses within San Matías Gulf, suggesting an upper thermal tolerance limit for most Antarctic/sub-Antarctic seaweeds. A further reduction occurs at 38-37°S. This breaking point can be explained by the disappearance of suitable hard substrata, since rocky outcrops give place to wide extensions of sandy beaches. The impoverished algal assemblage inhabiting the northern coast of Argentina is mainly related to the reduction or disappearance of the Antarctic/sub-Antarctic floristic component. This area is characterised by a predominance of widely distributed species, Chlorophytes and opportunistic filamentous or foliose algae.

Consistent effects of a major QTL for thermal resistance in field-released Drosophila melanogaster Loeschcke, Volker; Kristensen, Torsten Nygaard; Norry, Fabian Marcelo Molecular genetic markers can be used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for thermal resistance and this has allowed characterization of a major QTL for knockdown resistance to high temperature in Drosophila melanogaster. The QTL showed trade-off associations with cold resistance under laboratory conditions. However, assays of thermal tolerance conducted in the laboratory may not necessarily reflect performance at varying temperatures in the field. Here we tested if lines with different genotypes in this QTL show different thermal performance under high and low temperatures in the field using a release recapture assay. We found that lines carrying the QTL genotype for high thermal tolerance were significantly better at locating resources in the field releases under hot temperatures while the QTL line carrying the contrasting genotype were superior at cold temperatures. Further, we studied copulatory success between the different QTL genotypes at different temperatures. We found higher copulatory success in males of the high tolerance QTL genotype under hot temperature conditions, while there was no difference in females at cold temperatures. The results allow relating components of field fitness at different environmental temperatures with genotypic variation in a QTL for thermal tolerance.

Picoplankton structure in clear and turbid eutrophic shallow lakes: A seasonal study Silvoso, Julieta; Izaguirre, Irina; Allende, Luz The relative abundance of the different picoplankton components (eukaryotic picophytoplankton (Peuk), picocyanobacteria (Pcy) and bacterioplankton), and their relationships with the lake conditions were studied in three types of shallow lakes from the Pampa Plain (Argentina) that differ in their optical properties: clear-vegetated, phytoplankton-turbid and inorganic-turbid. All the selected lakes, but one, are characterized by their different alternative steady state (clear-vegetated and phytoplankton-turbid water phases) following the model proposed by Scheffer et al. (1993).Autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton abundances were analyzed seasonally in relation to environmental variables. All the lakes presented high concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) (>229μgL-1), total phosphorus (TP) (>46μgL-1) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (>13.7mgL-1). Clear-vegetated lakes were characterized by vertical diffuse PAR (photosynthetic active radiation) attenuation coefficient (kdPAR) lower than 11m-1, whereas inorganic-turbid lake always showed values higher than 21.1m-1. The euphotic zone depth (Z1%) was wider in clear-vegetated lakes (40-140cm) and thinner in the inorganic-turbid (10-20cm). The phytoplankton-turbid lakes presented a wide range in the values of these variables (kdPAR: 5.2-35.8m-1; Z1%: 10-90cm). Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) strongly differed, ranging from 1.6 to 334.6μgL-1. Picophytoplankton was mainly represented by phycocianine-rich (PC-rich) Pcy in all cases, dominating over Peuk algae. The total and relative abundances of eukaryotic picophytoplankton, Pcy and bacterioplankton, as well as the size structure of the phytoplankton community differed among the water bodies. In general, clear-vegetated water bodies exhibited similar abiotic characteristics, picophytoplankton/bacterioplankton ratios, and phytoplankton size structure. Contrarily, no clear trend was identified for the group of turbid lakes. The contrasting results obtained for the importance of the picoplankton components in phytoplankton-turbid shallow lakes evidence that the availability of the energetical and nutrient resources cannot be solely considered to predict their relative importance in this type of shallow lake.

Smicridea mclachlan (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from northwestern Argentina and bolivia: New species, redescription, association and new records Rueda Martin, Paola Alejandra; Sganga, Julieta Valeria Four new species of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) are described from Argentina and Bolivia. Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) bifida sp. nov., S. (R.) elisae sp. nov. and S. (R.) valeni sp. nov. are described from the male; S. (R.) thermophyla sp. nov. is described as the first species of Smicridea from thermal springs. The larva and pupa of S. (R.) thermophila were associated using the metamorphotype method. New distributional records of S. (R.) dithyra, S. (R.) atrobasis, S. (R.) peruana and S. (R.) pampeana are included. Morphological characters of male S. (R.) peruana that were not mentioned before are included. Illustrations of all taxa named in this paper are included.

Delimitación y estudio de cuencas hidrográficas con modelos hidrológicos Geraldi, Alejandra Mabel; Piccolo, Maria Cintia; Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E. La cuenca Las Encadenadas del Oeste se localiza en el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Es una cuenca endorreica y un escenario de suma fragilidad ante eventos hidrológicos extremos, debido a su incapacidad para evacuar grandes vohlmenes de agua. Por esta razón, es de suma importancia el conocimiento y la delimitación de su cuenca hidrológica. El objetivo del presente trabajo es establecer la direccion de la escorrentta superfiCial a partir de la aplicación de modelos hidrol6gicos e identificar divisorias de aguas. Se aplicó el modelo «Hydrologic Modeling», de Arc Gis, el cual consiste en delerminar todas las celdas que drenan a una en particular. Se obtuvo una clasificación de las subcuencas en mayores, medias y conos aluviales activos. Los primeros formados por arroyos principales permanentes, las segundas jormadas por arroyos secundarios que nacen de carcavas y los conos aluviales sin cursos definidos, formados en la desembocadura de los arroyos principales y secundarios.; Las Encadenadas del Oeste basin is located in the southwestern of the Buenos Aires province. It is an endorheic basin and an extremely fragile scenario for its inability to pass large volumes of water. For this reason, it is very important to study and understand the hydrology of its watershed. The aim of this study is to establish the surface runoff direction of the basin using an hydrological model and to identify its watershed. The applied Arc Gis model was «Hydrologic Modeling». The model determines all cells that drain in a particular one. A classification of the sub-basins in larger, medium and active alluvial cones was obtained. Larger basins are permanent major rivers, medium ones are non permanent streams and the alluvial conos were the ones formed at the mouths of major and minor streams.

Los cambios de la acumulación de capital a nivel mundial y los procesos regionales de integración: un análisis de los distintos enfoques teóricos; Alterações no Acúmulo de Processo de Capitais a Nível Mundial e Integração Regional: uma análise das diferentes abordagens teóricas Guevara, Sebastian Luis Desde la década de 1970 se fue desarrollando una acelerada transformación de las condiciones en las cuales la sociedad produce su vida (organización de los procesos de trabajo, modos de la circulación de la producción, formas políticas de organización y regulación de la vida social, etc.). Esta transformación ha sido conceptualizada de distintas maneras, de acuerdo a las diversas perspectivas teóricas. La integración regional ha desarrollado una nueva forma y cobró un nuevo ímpetu en los últimos 40 años, como parte de ese proceso de transformación. En este trabajo se sistematizan y ponen en discusión distintas respuestas teóricas que se fueron desarrollando para explicar estos fenómenos de integración regional, focalizando especialmente en el caso del Mercado Común del Sur. Es decir que se presentan y discuten los planteos que analizan la integración regional desde el punto de vista del comercio internacional; aquellos que lo analizan desde la relación entre los Estados nacionales; aquellos que lo entienden como una herramienta para el desarrollo económico (neo-estructuralismo) y; aquellos que lo analizan desde el punto de vista de la unidad del proceso de producción social (entendiendo a la acumulación de capital como un proceso esencialmente global). El trabajo se ubica en esta última perspectiva la cual, a su vez, es puesta en discusión a través de la diferenciación de distintas perspectivas a su interior.; Since the 1970's was developing the rapid transformation of the conditions under which the soiety produces its life (organization of work processes, circulation patterns of production, political forms of organization and regulation of social life, etc. ). This transformation has been conceptualized in different ways according to different theoretical perspectives. Regional integration has developed a new way and gained a new momentum in the last 40 years as part of that process of transformation. In this paper we systematize and call into question various theoretical responses that have been developed to explain these phenomena of regional integration, focusing especially in the case of the Southern Common Market. This means that present and discuss the postures that analyze regional integration from the point of view of international trade from those who analyze the relationship between nation states, those who understand it as a tool for economic development (neo-structuralism ) and, those that analyze it from the point of view of the unity of the social production process (understanding the accumulation of capital as an essentially global.) The work is located in the latter perspective which, in turn, is put into discussion through the differentiation of different perspectives within it.

Altered phenotype and functionality of circulating immune cells characterize adult patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Inzaugarat, Maria Eugenia; Ferreyra Solari, Nazarena Eugenia; Billordo, Luis Ariel; Abecasis, Raquel; Gadano, Adrián Carlos; Cherñavsky, Alejandra Claudia Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease associated with insulin resistance and its metabolic consequences. Leukocyte mobilization, intrahepatic activation, and an exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines contribute to the development of NASH. Though alterations in peripheral blood (PB) T cell proportions and functionality remain unidentified, they might play a main role in NASH progression. We have compared the phenotype and Th1/Th2 commitment of peripheral immune cell reservoirs in adult patients and controls as well as the ability of neutrophils and monocytes to handle an ex vivo challenge. Also, we correlated those parameters with the main histological characteristics in NASH. Compared with controls, patients showed increased numbers of CD4 + cells and both CD4 + and CD8 + CD45RO subsets together with a higher frequency of IFN-γ-producing CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. We also found a decreased number of CD4 + and CD8 + CD45RA subsets. The distinctive production of IFN-γ highlights the significance of the observed skewed frequencies of PB T cells. Whereas ROS production by monocytes from NASH patients did not differ from controls, circulating neutrophils displayed a particularly higher phorbol myristate acetate-induced production of ROS. A negative correlation between oxidative burst and fibrosis grade was observed. This study reveals the presence of a characteristic profile of peripheral immune cells in NASH. We also discuss the probable influence of obesity on some of our present findings.

Recuperación de la entrada original del Palacio Muncipal Schavelzon Chavin, Daniel Gaston; Romano, Samanta; Borracci, Lorena Recuperación de la entrada original del Palacio Muncipal

Chondrichthyan egg cases from the south-west Atlantic Ocean Mabragaña, Ezequiel; Figueroa, Daniel Enrique; Scenna, Lorena Beatriz; Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín; Colonello, Jorge Horacio; Delpiani, Gabriela Elina Egg cases of 21 oviparous chondrichthyan species from the south-west Atlantic Ocean are described and compared. The catshark Schroederichthys bivius has a cigar-shaped egg case with curled tendrils only at the posterior end. Egg cases of the elephant fish Callorhinchus callorynchus are spindle-shaped with anterior and posterior tubular extensions and lateral flanges. The skate Amblyraja doellojuradoi presents medium-sized egg cases (71 mm in length) with a lateral keel extending to the first portion of the horns. The endemic skate species of the genus Atlantoraja have medium to large egg cases (69-104 mm in length) and present relatively large posterior horns. Egg cases of the genus Bathyraja have a medium size, 75-98 mm in length, and are characterized by a very similar morphology, a relatively smooth to rough surface case and posterior horns strongly curved inwards. Egg cases of the genera Dipturus and Zearaja are very large, 115-230 mm in length, and have a well-developed posterior apron. Despite the problematical identification of skates at species level, the egg capsules of the endemic genus Psammobatis are easily diagnosed; the capsules are small (25-53 mm in length), those of Psammobatis rutrum being the smallest known to date in the world. Egg cases of Rioraja agassizi have a medium size, 61-68 mm in length, relatively straight sides, a smooth surface and silky attachment fibres placed in the lateral keel next to each horn. Those of the genus Sympterygia are small to medium sized, 51-86 mm in length, and display the thickest lateral keel and the longest posterior horns among the skates of the world. Egg cases can be a useful tool for identifying species and egg-laying areas; therefore, a provisional key for the south-west Atlantic Ocean chondrichthyan capsules is presented.

Tensiones entre el emprendedorismo y la autogestion: El papel de las políticas públicas en ese recorrido; Contradictions between entrepreneurship and self management: the public policies role in this relationship Rodriguez, Maria Carla; Ciolli, Vanesa Paola Autogestión y emprendedorismo responden a experiencias históricas y perspectivas sociopolíticas diferentes. Sin embargo, a la luz de la crisis del 2001, en Argentina proliferaron iniciativas orientadas a satisfacer distintas necesidades sociales, a través de la organización, la participación y el desarrollo de prácticas autogestionarias, que emparentaron ambas conceptualizaciones. El presente artículo indaga en los significados constituidos históricamente sobre ambos conceptos con el fin de analizar las experiencias actuales, cuyo carácter y significado se  constituyó como un campo en disputa, entre, por un lado la búsqueda orientada hacia un nuevo modelo social y productivo basado en relaciones sociales no capitalistas y, por otro, alternativas dirigidas a palear el empobrecimiento en el marco del sistema capitalista. Disputa que cobra particular resonancia en el actual contexto regional latinoamericano. El análisis retoma una serie de investigaciones empíricas -realizadas y en curso- en distintas cooperativas de trabajo y vivienda que actualmente funcionan en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. En esta oportunidad, la exploración de su praxis, subjetividades emergentes y perspectivas sociopolíticas se realizan a partir de la caracterización de las interacciones entre el Estado y las organizaciones sociales en los procesos de diseño y ejecución de políticas públicas.

¿“Damas gratis y pibes chorros”?: Interceptando prácticas y representaciones sobre mujeres y varones jóvenes de sectores populares Silba, Malvina Leonor El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo deconstruir ciertas afirmaciones del sentido común hegemónico sobre las mujeres y varones jóvenes de sectores populares en Argentina. Dichos discursos suelen ser construidos sobre el prejuicio y no sobre el conocimiento de los deseos, expectativas y elecciones de este grupo social. La inclusión de las variables de clase social, edad y género es fundamental para entender los diversos y complejos emplazamientos de los mismos y su relación con las representaciones que sobre ellos se forman. Para cumplir con estos objetivos, propongo repasar la construcción de estos discursos, a los que defino como estigmatizantes, para luego contrastar dichas afirmaciones con las prácticas de un grupo de mujeres y varones jóvenes con los que compartí una experiencia etnográfica, participando de momentos de su vida cotidiana en el barrio y en los lugares bailables a los que asisten los fines de semana.; This article intends to deconstruct certain hegemonic common sense statements about young women and men from popular sectors in Argentina. Such discourse is usually based on bias rather than knowledge about these subjects’ practices, desires, expectations and choices. Also, the inclusion of these social class, age and gender variables is essential to understand their complex and varied social positionings and how they are related to their representations. To meet these goals, in the first place I propose to review these discourses, which I define as stigmatizing, and in the second place, to contrast such statements with the practices of a group of young people with whom I shared an ethnographic experience, participating in some moments of their everyday life in their neighborhood and in the dancing places they attend on weekends.

Glosis de Roxana Carrizo Longoni, Ana Intuyo que la clave de la poética de Roxana Carrizo es la convicción de que existe una lengua secreta, tan secreta que ni la misma poeta la conoce porque es secreta para todos. Para la poeta hablar es en cierta forma hacer trampa a esa certidumbre: un sortilegio o un conjuro contra esas palabras que no se conocen, porque las conocidas nunca alcanzan a decir lo indecible. Hablar es tener algo que ocultar (lo contrario a pensar que callar es dejar de decir lo que se sabe). La revista Plebella está indexada por Latindex: http://www.latindex.unam.mx/

Uniformity of rotavirus strain nomenclature proposed by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) Matthijnssens, Jelle; Ciarlet, Max; McDonald, Sarah M.; Attoui, Houssam; Bányai, Krisztián; Brister, J. Rodney; Buesa, Javier; Esona, Mathew D.; Estes, Mary K.; Gentsch, Jon R.; Iturriza Gómara, Miren; Johne, Reimar; Kirkwood, Carl D.; Martella, Vito; Mertens, Peter P. C.; Nakagomi, Osamu; Parreño, Gladys Viviana; Rahman, Mustafizur; Ruggeri, Franco M.; Saif, Linda J.; Santos, Norma; Steyer, Andrej; Taniguchi, Koki; Patton, John T.; Desselberger, Ulrich; van Ranst, Marc In April 2008, a nucleotide-sequence-based, complete genome classification system was developed for group A rotaviruses (RVs). This system assigns a specific genotype to each of the 11 genome segments of a particular RV strain according to established nucleotide percent cutoff values. Using this approach, the genome of individual RV strains are given the complete descriptor of Gx-P[x]-Ix-Rx-Cx-Mx-Ax-Nx-Tx-Ex-Hx. The Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) was formed by scientists in the field to maintain, evaluate and develop the RV genotype classification system, in particular to aid in the designation of new genotypes. Since its conception, the group has ratified 51 new genotypes: as of April 2011, new genotypes for VP7 (G20-G27), VP4 (P[28]-P[35]), VP6 (I12-I16), VP1 (R5-R9), VP2 (C6-C9), VP3 (M7-M8), NSP1 (A15-A16), NSP2 (N6-N9), NSP3 (T8-T12), NSP4 (E12-E14) and NSP5/6 (H7-H11) have been defined for RV strains recovered from humans, cows, pigs, horses, mice, South American camelids (guanaco), chickens, turkeys, pheasants, bats and a sugar glider. With increasing numbers of complete RV genome sequences becoming available, a standardized RV strain nomenclature system is needed, and the RCWG proposes that individual RV strains are named as follows: RV group/species of origin/country of identification/common name/year of identification/G- and P-type. In collaboration with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the RCWG is also working on developing a RV-specific resource for the deposition of nucleotide sequences. This resource will provide useful information regarding RV strains, including, but not limited to, the individual gene genotypes and epidemiological and clinical information. Together, the proposed nomenclature system and the NCBI RV resource will offer highly useful tools for investigators to search for, retrieve, and analyze the ever-growing volume of RV genomic data.

La cultura italiana en traducción Perez Carrasco, Mariano En este artículo realizo algunas observaciones críticas acerca de un amplio grupo de libros de literatura y filosofía italianas recientemente traducidos al castellano (2010-2011). El artículo comienza con el análisis de la traducción (por primera vez al castellano) de los textos literarios de Maquiavelo; luego describe las traducciones de las poesías de Gesualdo Bufalino (La amarga miel), y de Leopardi y Ungaretti (Secreto del poeta). El artículo expone también el contenido y el trabajo de traducción llevado a cabo en el volumen La cuestión de los universales en la Edad Media, de A. Tursi y M.F. Marchetto, que contiene textos de Porfirio, Boecio y Abelardo. También la obra de Giorgio Agamben (varias veces traducida al castellano) tiene un capítulo especial. El artículo finaliza con un comentario acerca de los blogs dedicados a la traducción de literatura y filosofía italianas, y con una reflexión acerca de la recepción de la literatura y filosofía italianas en nuestro país.

El pesimismo histórico en la filosofía de Denis Diderot Ratto, Gustavo Adrián Los especialistas suelen atribuir a Diderot una concepción pesimista de la historia. Si bien de las obras de madurez del editor de la Encyclopédie se desprende una oscura imagen del porvenir, producto entre otras cosas de su encuentro con Catherine II y de la influencia de Galiani, ese pesimismo parece no agotar sus reflexiones acerca de la historia. De los trabajos de la época anterior a su viaje a Rusia se desprende otra concepción de la historia, la cual, no obstante, no se confunde con las cándidas especulaciones acerca del futuro del marqués de Condorcet.; Specialists commonly ascribe to Diderot a pessimistic conception of history. While the mature work of the editor of the Encyclopédie conveys an obscure image of the future, resulting, inter alia, from his encounter with Catherine II and from Galiani's influence, such pessimism never appears to exhaust his reflections on history. His work prior to his trip to Russia reveals another perception of history wich, nevertheless, is clearly distinct from the Marquis of Condorcet´s candid speculations about the future.

Antioxidant response of three Tillandsia species transplanted to urban, agricultural, and industrial areas Bermudez, Gonzalo Miguel Angel; Pignata, Maria Luisa To evaluate the physiological response of Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav. f. capillaris, T. recurvata L., and T. tricholepis Baker to different air pollution sources, epiphyte samples were collected from a noncontaminated area in the province of Córdoba (Argentina) and transplanted to a control site as well as three areas categorized according to the presence of agricultural, urban, and industrial (metallurgical and metal-mechanical) emission sources. A foliar damage index (FDI) was calculated with the physiological parameters chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroperoxyconjugated dienes, sulfur (S) content, and dry weight-to-fresh weight ratio. In addition, electrical conductivity (E-cond), relative water content (RWC), dehydration kinetics (Kin-H 2O), total phenols (T-phen), soluble proteins (S-prot), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase were determined. The parameters E-cond, FDI, SOD, RWC, and Kin-H 2O can serve as suitable indicators of agricultural air pollution for T. tricholepis and T. capillaris, and CAT, Kin-H 2O, and SOD can do the same for T. recurvata. In addition, MDA, T-phen, and S-prot proved to be appropriate indicators of urban pollution for T. recurvata. Moreover, FDI, E-cond, and SOD for T. recurvata and MDA for T. tricholepis, respectively, could be used to detect deleterious effects of industrial air pollution.