Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of Extracts and Secondary Metabolites Obtained from Plants and Lichens of Patagonia Austral Enriz, Ricardo Daniel; Freile, Monica Liliana; Correché, María Susana; Gomez-Lechon, María José In medicinal chemistry, the discovery of a new lead structure substance represents the most uncertain stage in a drug development program. In the past, the discovery of lead compounds depended essentially upon random occurrences such as accidental observations, fortuitous findings, hearsay or laborious screening of a large number of molecules. More recently, more rational approaches have become available, based on the knowledge of structures of the endogenous metabolites and receptors or on the nature of the biochemical disorder implied in the disease at molecular level. Nowadays there are different strategies to obtain lead structure candidates. These methods may consist of more or less intuitive approaches, such as the synthesis of analogues, isomers and bioisosters or they may be based on computer-assisted design, such as identifying pharmacophores by molecular modeling, Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) or Quantitative SAR (QSAR) studies.

Patrón espacial del paisaje serrano (Córdoba, Argentina) Menghi, Mirta Melva Mercedes; del Sueldo, Ruben Arturo Se analiza el paisaje rural de una área (31°50’S/64°50’W) de las Sierras de Córdoba (Argentina central) objeto de la mayor extensión de plantaciones de Pinus spp. «pino» realizadas en los últimos 30 años. Se describen la estructura y diversidad del patrón espacial actual del paisaje entre 650 y 2.400 m snm., y su relación con factores físicos y con plantaciones de pino. Se realizó la clasificación supervisada de una imagen Landsat TM (30 x) (Envi 3.5, CONAE) de septiembre de 2002, considerando unidades de vegetación y usos del suelo nativas y antrópicas. Se analizó en forma exploratoria toda la cuenca (77.622 Ha) y, con mayor detalle, 21.000 Ha que concentran plantaciones, considerando la estructura del paisaje total, de cada hábitat o unidad de paisaje, y de parche (Fragstats 3.3). La matriz del paisaje actual (77% de la cuenca) es un mosaico de comunidades nativas en distinto estado de conservación con límites irregulares entre ellas, en el cual los bosques nativos representan hoy una superficie menor. El bosque de Lithraea ternifolia («molle») cubre actualmente 3.148 Ha (19% de su área potencial) repartidas en numerosos parches menores a 1 Ha; la mayor parte fue degradado a arbustales compuestos por Acacia spp. y otras especies del sotobosque original, y está invadido por leñosas exóticas. Los bosques y arbustales de Polylepis australis («tabaquillo») representan cerca de 300 Ha, están muy fragmentados en pequeños parches confinados a quebradas; tanto factores antrópicos como físicos explicarían ese patrón. Los bosques nativos mostraron relación espacial escasa (L. ternifolia, «molle») a nula (P. australis, «tabaquillo») con las plantaciones de «pino». La mayor extensión de bosque de «pino» (7.670 Ha) cubre áreas originales del matorral serrano de Hetherotalamus alienus («romerillo») y, en menor grado, de pastizales de altura. La variedad y extensión de hábitat artificiales y exóticos aumentan hacia las zonas media y baja; tienen en común fronteras bruscas y rectas, muy contrastantes con su entorno. Los valores de diversidad (H’ 1,85), de equidad (E’ 0,80) y de dominancia (0,34) de unidades de paisaje indicarían que el patrón espacial es heterogéneo a escala regional, y más diverso hacia los extremos alto (2.43 bits) y bajo (2.20 bits) respecto del sector medio (1.53 bits) de la cuenca. La interacción entre la complejidad y accesibilidad del relieve a lo largo del gradiente altitudinal explicaría esa tendencia por mayor variabilidad espacial de elementos naturales hacia las cumbres, y de origen antrópico hacia zonas bajas. La estructura espacial detectada no es estática y de ella emergen hipótesis para investigación futura. Son de particular interés temas relacionados a la calidad del hábitat, la dirección y dinamismo de las transiciones bióticas en diferentes tipos de fronteras, la percolación de la estructura para organismos y procesos ecosistémicos, entre otros.; Traditional land-uses involving burnt, grazing and/or wood cutting of native plant cover, and more recently its complete replacement by agriculture and urban landuses have all promoted plant cover alteration, retraction and/or fragmentation, with particular impact on native forests. Based on remote sensing (Landsat TM 30 x) (Envi 3.5) the current spatial pattern of a landscape mosaic of 77.622 Ha (31o2’S / 64o30’W) was described taking into account the following cover types: native or exotic forests, agriculture, urban, artificial lake, shrub-land, grassland. The spatial structure was analyzed at mosaic, habitat, and patch levels. The habitat diversity of spatial pattern was also measured. From present analysis emerged a matrix composed by different types of native plant cover still well connected by gradual transitions among them. At the same time, significant degrees of native forests retraction and fragmentation were detected. The Polylepis australis («tabaquillo») (over 1500 m a.s.l) and of Lithraea ternifolia («molle») (from 900 to 1100 m a.s.l.) woods, currently represent from 10 to 19% of their potential areas at the analyzed water-basin. The larger part has been replaced by tall sized and spiny shrub-lands dominated by Acacia («espinillo») in the case of Lithraea, or by grasslands the Polylepis one. The Pinus plantation has replaced 40% of native short sized shrub-lands of Hetherotalamus alienus («romerillo») related to areas with moderated relief, and has involved new boundary types, straight and sharp, related to different cover types all over the basin. Present landscape is dynamic and from its spatial structure hypothesis for future research have emerged. Topics related to forest ecosystem services, to habitat quality, to biotic transitions associated to different boundary types, as well as the spatial structure percolation for organisms and ecosystem processes, among others, are of particular interest.

Fundamentals of supercritical fluid technology Pereda, Selva; Bottini, Susana Beatriz; Brignole, Esteban Alberto This chapter deals with fundamentals of supercritical fluid extraction. Considering first the typical phase diagrams of high pressure systems. Thereafter the application of supercritical fluids to separations is illustrated with alcohol extraction and dehydration with hot propane, extraction of vegetable oils with non flammable solvents and fractionation of fish oils and essential oils with carbon dioxide. Also the removal of chemicals using supercritical fluids is considered. Finally the subject of phase equilibrium engineering of supercritical reactors is developed.

Flavoparmelia amplexa and F. springtonesis (Parmeliaceae) new to the Americas and additions to the lichen flora of Argentina Adler, Monica Teresa; Calvelo, Susana The world distribution of nine species of the Parmeliaceae is presented including new localities in Argentina. Flavoparmelia amplexa (Stirt.) Hale, formerly known exclusively from Africa, is cited for the first time for the American continent, and is therefore categorized as a South American-African species, whereas F. springtonensis (Elix) Hale, until now known as an Australasian endemic, is reported for the first time for America as well and consequently categorized as a South American-Australasian species. World distribution maps of each species are included.

Development and implementation of advanced training course for diabetes educators in Argentina Gagliardino, Juan Jose; Malbran, Maria del Carmen; Clark, Carmen Preliminary report on the development and evaluation of a university-based master's degree program in diabetes education in Latin America. The program, based on reported international standards, was developed through the Department of Postgraduate Studies of the National University of La Plata, Argentina, with funds provided by the American Association of Diabetes Educators. This highly interactive program combines pedagogical, psychological, and communication-based education specifically related to diabetes. Consequently, its graduates will be prepared to communicate effectively with their patients about their self-care needs and work with them to overcome the day-to-day barriers that prevent them from integrating self-care effectively into their lives.

Stereoselective synthesis of 4-oxo-2,5-dienes and conjugated dienes by Stille cross coupling reactions of vinylstannanes Fidelibus, Pablo Martin; Gerbino, Darío César; Mandolesi, Sandra Delia; Podestá, Julio Cesar The palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions between trineophylstannylvinyl esters and unsaturated acyl chlorides lead mostly to 4-oxo-2,5-dienes in good yields (60-77%). In some cases homocoupling products are also formed. On the other hand, the Stille reaction of Z-di- and trisubstituted vinyl iodides with trineophylvinylstannanes enables the synthesis of polysubstituted butadienes in moderate to good yields (40-60%).

First-order density matrices in one dimension for independent fermions and impenetrable bosons in harmonic traps Capuzzi, Pablo; Howard, I. A.; March, N. H.; Tosi, M. P. To complement existing knowledge of the density matrix γF (x, y) of independent fermions for N particles in one dimension under harmonic confinement, the corresponding matrix γIB (x, y) for impenetrable bosons is given for N = 2 and 3 (with the N = 4 form available also). For fermions the momentum density is then obtained and illustrated numerically for N = 10. The boson momentum density is studied analytically at high momentum p, the coefficients of the p-4 and p-6 terms being tabulated for N = 2 - 5 inclusive. Their dependence on powers of N is exhibited numerically. Finally, the functional relationship between γIB (x, y) and γF (x, y) is formally set out and illustrated. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Deglycerolization of biodiesel streams by adsorption over silica beds Yori, Juan Carlos; D'ippolito, Silvana Andrea; Pieck, Carlos Luis; Vera, Carlos Roman A simple method for the almost complete removal of glycerol from methanol-free biodiesel streams coming out from industrial transesterification reactors is presented. The method is posed as a "dry" alternative to the conventional "wet" methods involving water washing. It is based on the use of silica beds and relies on the adsorption at room temperature to retain the small amounts of glycerol dissolved in the solutions of fatty acid methyl esters and adjust their content to the quality standards for biodiesel fuel. Fresh silica has a great processing capacity and the breakthrough of the bed depends mainly on the feed rate, the concentration of glycerol, and the mass of adsorbent. In the case of the silica gel used, the saturation capacity was found to be 0.13 g of glycerol per gram of silica. If the particle diameter is 1-1.5 mm, the breakthrough and saturation point almost coincide and the full capacity of the bed is used. However, industrial adsorption units with 1/8 in silica beads suffer from mass-transfer limitations inside the pellet pores, and for this particle size, the breakthrough point (C/C0 = 0.01) is located at about one-half of the time of full saturation. For a glycerol concentration of 0.11-0.25% typical of biodiesel streams issuing from gravity settling tanks and an entrance velocity of 11 cm min-1, a 2 m high silica bed with 1/8 in. beads has a breakthrough point of 8 h and a net processing capacity of 0.01-0.02 m3 biodiesel, kgsilica -1. The breakthrough curves were studied using approximate solutions to the set of differential equations. Assuming a linear isotherm gives erroneous results; fitting the experimental breakthrough curves produces underestimated values of the Henry's adsorption constant and of the mass-transfer resistances. Modeling the high dilution regime with the UNIFAC method gives more realistic values of the Henry's constant (1.1 m3 kg-1). The experimentally measured saturation capacity is close to the monolayer capacity (13-15% w/w). These values give a Langmuir isotherm which can be fairly well approximated by a square irreversible isotherm. Accordingly, breakthrough curves were fairly well predicted using an irreversible isotherm, a shrinking-core adsorption model, and common correlations for the mass-transfer coefficients. The silica bed was succesfully regenerated eluting 4 bed volumes of methanol and drying in a nitrogen stream for 1 h. Temperature programmed oxidation tests of fresh, regenerated, and glycerol impregnated silica pellets indicated that desorption of glycerol was practically complete. In the industrial practice, the eluted volume can be recycled to the transesterification reactors with no waste of products or reactants. Evaporation of the adsorbed methanol during drying of the bed produced a decrease of the bed temperature and about 200 kJ kgsilica -1 should be provided in order to maintain the temperature.

Multiple mechanisms of growth hormone-regulated gene transcription Ceseña, Teresa I.; Cui, Tracy Xiao; Piwien Pilipuk, Graciela; Kaplani, Julianne; Calinescu, Anda Alexandra; Huo, Jeffrey S.; Iñiguez Lluhí, Jorge A.; Kwok, Roland; Schwartz, Jessica Diverse physiological actions of growth hormone (GH) are mediated by changes in gene transcription. Transcription can be regulated at several levels, including post-translational modification of transcription factors, and formation of multiprotein complexes involving transcription factors, co-regulators and additional nuclear proteins; these serve as targets for regulation by hormones and signaling pathways. Evidence that GH regulates transcription at multiple levels is exemplified by analysis of the proto-oncogene c-fos. Among the GH-regulated transcription factors on c-fos, C/EBPbeta appears to be key, since depletion of C/EBPbeta by RNA interference blocks the stimulation of c-fos by GH. The phosphorylation state of C/EBPbeta and its ability to activate transcription are regulated by GH through MAPK and PI3K/Akt-mediated signaling cascades. The acetylation of C/EBPbeta also contributes to its ability to activate c-fos transcription. These and other post-translational modifications of C/EBPbeta appear to be integrated for regulation of transcription by GH. The formation of nuclear proteins into complexes associated with DNA-bound transcription factors is also regulated by GH. Both C/EBPbeta and the co-activator p300 are recruited to c-fos in response to GH, altering c-fos promoter activation. In addition, GH rapidly induces spatio-temporal re-localization of C/EBPbeta within the nucleus. Thus, GH-regulated gene transcription mediated by C/EBPbeta reflects the integration of diverse mechanisms including post-translational modifications, modulation of protein complexes associated with DNA and re-localization of gene regulatory proteins. Similar integration involving other transcription factors, including Stats, appears to be a feature of regulation by GH of other gene targets.

A fast fluorimetric flow injection method to determine ibuprofen Lista, Adriana Guillermina; Palomeque, Miriam Edid; Fernández Band, Beatriz Susana The native fluorescence of ibuprofen was enhanced when a host-guest complex of the analyte with b cyclodextrin (b-CD) was formed. So, based on this fact, a flow injection method to determine ibuprofen in different pharmaceutical preparations with fluorescence detection (lem 287 nm, lexc 223 nm) was developed. The calibration curve was linear over the range 6.00 – 60.0 mg L-1 of ibuprofen and the detection limit (LOD) for S/N=3 was 4.5 mg L-1. The relative standard deviation was 1.2% and the sample throughput 240 h-1. The method was validated by comparing the proposed and the official method to commercial preparation samples.; A fluorescência natural da ibuprofeína foi melhorada quando foi formado um complexo convidado-hospedeiro com a beta-ciclodextrina (beta-CD). A partir disso, foi desenvolvido um método por injeção em fluxo para a determinação de ibuprofeína em diferentes preparações farmacêuticas, com detecção fluorescente (lem 287 nm, lex 233 nm). A curva de calibração foi linear no intervalo entre 6,00 a 60,0 mg L-1 de ibuprofeína, com limite de detecção (LOD para S/N=3) de 4,5 mg L-1. O desvio padrão relativo foi de 1,2% e a velocidade de determinação de 240 amostras por hora. O método foi validado pela comparação do método proposto, e do usado oficialmente, em amostras comerciais preparadas.

Identification of Families Among Highly Inclined Asteroids Gil Hutton, Ricardo Alfredo A dataset of 3652 high-inclination numbered asteroids was analyzed to search for dynamical families. A fully automated multivariate data analysis technique was applied to identify the groupings. Thirteen dynamical families and twenty-two clumps were found. When taxonomic information is available, the families show cosmochemical consistency and support an interpretation based on a common origin from a single parent body. Four families and three clumps found in this work show a size distribution which is compatible with a formation due to a cratering event on the largest member of the family, and also three families have B- or related taxonomic types members, which represents a 14% of the B-types classified by Bus and Binzel [2002. Icarus 158, 146-177].

The strange polarimetric behavior of Asteroid (234) Barbara Cellino, Alberto; Belskaya, I. N.; Bendjoya, P. H.; Di Martino, M.; Gil Hutton, Ricardo Alfredo; Muinonen, K.; Tedesco, E. F. We have discovered that the Asteroid (234) Barbara exhibits very anomalous polarimetric properties. The phase-polarization curve of this asteroid is unique and is not matched by any other known atmosphereless body of our Solar System. Although a few preliminary conjectures can be made, for the moment the reasons of the peculiar polarimetric properties of this asteroid remain essentially unknown.

Preparation and characterization of polymeric microspheres for Cr(VI) extraction Ochoa, Nelio Ariel; Illanes, Cristian Omar; Marchese, Jose; Basualto, C.; Valenzuela, Fernando R. Microspheres (MS) from different polymers were prepared using two routes. Route A: process of phase inversion with solutions of polysulfone (PSf) in dichloromethane (DCM) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as additive. Different weight ratios of PSf-PVP were used in the MS preparation. Route B: MS were obtained by cross-linking in emulsion using a commercial silicone as raw material. The obtained MS were analysed according to their morphological-structural characteristics and in relation to their Cr(VI) extraction capacity using impregnated MS with Aliquat 336. The results obtained showed that MS prepared with PSf-PVP have both less specific surfaces and relative porosities when the proportion of PVP in the mixture is increased. Extraction tests of ion Cr(VI) indicated that synthesized MS have adequate structural characteristics and interesting adsorptive properties which give rise to impregnating selective extractants. Impregnated microspheres with Aliquat 336 prepared from 2:1 PSf-PVP ratio achieved the highest Cr(VI) extractive performance (92% of Cr extraction for contact time of 60 min) and the best breakthrough point in column tests (up to 10 h in the first cycle).

¿Teorías científicas fuera de lugar? Algunas derivas del evolucionismo en el positivismo argentino Fernandez, Cristina Beatriz El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar comparativamente dos textos escritos en la Argentina a comienzos del siglo XX: "La simulación en la lucha por la vida" de José Ingenieros y "Los simuladores del talento" de José María Ramos Mejía. En ambos casos se estudia la relación de los textos con el léxico y los conceptos heredados de las teorías evolucionistas, los cuales se transforman, en estos textos, en claves de interpretación del proceso cultural y político local. El artículo concluye con una reflexión sobre la dialéctica de apropiación y transformación de las teorías científicas de origen europeo en el ámbito latinoamericano.; The aim of this paper is to study in a comparative way two works written in Argentina, at the beginning of the twentieth century: "La simulación en la lucha por la vida" by José Ingenieros and "Los simuladores del talento" by José María Ramos Mejía. The focus of the analyses is on the relationship between the terms and the concepts inherited from the evolutionary theories, which are transformed, in Ingenieros and Ramos’ texts, into clues for interpreting the cultural and political local processes. The paper ends with some considerations about the dialectis of the appropriation of the scientific theories borned in Europe and their transformation in Latin American.

Seguidor del punto de máxima potencia para sistemas fotovoltaicos basado en convertidor CC/CC elevador de tensión Molina, Marcelo Gustavo; Pontoriero, Domingo Hector; Gandolfo, Daniel; León, Eugenio; Mercado, Pedro Enrique Este trabajo presenta el modelado, simulación e implementación experimental de un seguidor del punto de máxima potencia (SPMP) para sistemas fotovoltaicos (FV), el cual utiliza un convertidor CC–CC elevador de tensión operando en modo de conducción continua (MCC). El convertidor es capaz de extraer la máxima potencia del panel fotovoltaico para niveles de radiación solar y temperatura ambiental dados, ajustando periódicamente el ciclo de trabajo del convertidor. La técnica de control propuesta se basa en el método de Perturbación y Observación (P&O) y utiliza un algoritmo simple y eficaz de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia (PMP) del panel FV ante cambios en la carga y en las condiciones ambientales. La implementación del sistema de control se realiza mediante un procesador digital de señales (PDS) TMS320F2812. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos permiten comprobar el muy buen desempeño del SPMP propuesto.; This work presents the modelling, simulation and experimental implementation of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for photovoltaic systems (PV), which uses a dc-dc boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). The converter is able to draw the maximum power from the photovoltaic panel for a given solar radiation level and environment temperature by periodically adjusting the duty cycle of the converter. The proposed control technique is based on the Perturbation and Observation (P&O) method and utilizes a simple and effective algorithm for tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV panel in cases that changes occur in the load and in environmental conditions. The implementation of the control system is carried out by means of a TMS320F2812 digital signal processor (DSP). The obtained experimental results allow proving the very good performance of the proposed MPPT.

Existencialismo y humanismo ante la crisis de la psicoterapia: Una revisión González, Eliana Noemí A la largo de la historia en el campo de la psicología y de la psicoterapia se han percibido diferentes crisis, dadas por motivos muy diversos. En este artículo se analiza la crisis de la psicoterapia entendida como una crisis enraizada en su objeto de estudio, es decir en el hombre mismo, como sujeto de continuos cambios y devenires. Asimismo esta crisis del hombre reclama una psicoterapia capaz de dar respuesta a los planteos existenciales, esenciales de todo hombre. En tal sentido, se analiza la filosofía existencial y humanista y los posteriores planteos existenciales y humanistas dentro de la psicoterapia como una respuesta a este hombre en crisis.; Historically, psychology and psychotherapy fields have gone through several crisis due to different reasons. The present paper analyzes the crisis of psychotherapy in relation to its object of study, i.e. man as a subject who undergoes continuous changes and experiences. The crisis of man claims for a psychotherapy able to answer existencial questions which are esential to his nature. Hence, existencial and humanist philosophy and the subsecuent psychotherapy approaches are analyzed as an answer to man in crisis

Revisión estratigráfica de la Formación Ponón Trehué (Ordovícico), Bloque de San Rafael, Mendoza; Stratigraphic revision of the Ponon Trehue Formation (Ordovician), San Rafael Block, Mendoza Heredia, Susana Emma This paper provides new descriptions and interpretations of the Ordovician rocks cropping out to the south of the Arroyo de Ponón Trehué, in the San Rafael Block, Mendoza Province. These data allow a new stratigraphic interpretation for the Ordovician rocks which leads to a formal redefinition of the Ponón Trehué Formation. These rocks are mainly siliciclastics (Darriwilian to lower Upper Ordovician), and two members are defined. The lower one is a siliciclastic/ carbonate sequence from the upper Middle Ordovician (upper Darriwilian) to the lower Upper Ordovician and the upper one is an olistostrome deposits that is correlated with the lower Upper Ordovician. The stratigraphic succession is interpreted in terms of the following geologic history: 1) Early to early Mid Ordovician: deposition on shallow marine carbonate platform. 2) Mid Ordovician (pre-P. serra zone): exposure and erosion of basement as result of a gentle uplift, which is thought to be a local, but not a regional, event because it is not recorded in other parts of the San Rafael Block nor in the Precordillera. 3) Mid to early Late Ordovician (P. serra to P. anserinus Zones): gentle subsidence and extensive flooding surface, and siliciclastic deposition in gradually deepening marine environment. 4) Early Late Ordovician: rapid increase in rate of deepening (basin subsidence) to create steep basin margin and collapse of carbonate blocks into basin. In order to create accommodation space for the thick olistostrome sequence including large olistoliths and to create steep basin margin necessary to generate gravity slide process, basin subsidence must have been rapid and tectonically driven.; Nuevas descripciones y análisis de las rocas ordovícicas aflorantes al sur de Arroyo Ponón Trehué, en el ámbito del Bloque de San Rafael, permiten establecer una reinterpretación estratigráfica de las mismas. La redefinición formal de la Formación Ponón Trehué contempla que estas rocas de edad ordovícica media y superior, mayormente siliciclásticas, conforman una sucesión estratigráfica que permite diferenciar dos miembros: una secuencia basal siliciclástica/carbonática darriwiliana depositada en una plataforma con evidentes signos de exhondación al tope, y otra unidad conformada por depósitos olistostrómicos asignados al Ordovícico Superior que sobreyace a la anterior.

A new Trichostrongylus parasitizing the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Octodontidae) from Mar de Cobo, Argentina. Rossin, Maria Alejandra; Timi, Juan Tomas; Malizia, Ana Inés A new nematode species, Trichostrongylus duretteae sp. nov., found in the small intestine of Ctenomys talarum from Argentina is described. The new species more closely resembles T. suis Iwanitsky, 1930 a parasite of Sus scrofa in the USSR. However, the new species can be distinguished by the morphology of male genital bursa: Rays 6 distant from rays 8 and a larger dorsal ray in relation to the length of rays 2 to 8. The present finding is the first record of the genus Trichostrongylus in rodents of the family Octodontidae.

Biometeorología en la ciudad de Punta Alta, Argentina Ramos, María Belén; Campo, Alicia María La Biometeorología es la rama de la ciencia que estudia las interacciones entre los estados de tiempo y los seres vivos. Por un lado, consiste en analizar la forma en que diversas situaciones meteorológicas favorecen o inhiben la aparición de ciertos síntomas en el ser humano. Frente a determinadas situaciones rigurosas o muy inestables de temperatura, humedad, presión o viento el organismo reacciona de diversas maneras como por ejemplo manifestando fatiga, cefalea, gripes, entre otros y perturbando en general su buen funcionamiento. El clima y la salud son objeto de investigación desde hace mucho tiempo en el Departamento de Geografía y Turismo de la Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Desde el año 2002 a la actualidad se está investigando las relaciones de los estados de tiempo meteorológico y la salud en la ciudad de Punta Alta, cabecera del Partido de Coronel de Marina Leonardo Rosales. La investigación es de vital relevancia si se tiene en cuenta que no existen estudios sobre temas de biometeorología en dicha localidad por lo cual los resultados son de inmediata aplicación al medio. En el área central de la ciudad se ubica una estación meteorológica a partir de la cual se obtienen los datos meteorológicos necesarios, que luego son procesados y analizados para determinar estados de tiempo típicos de la ciudad. Por otra parte, el Hospital Naval Puerto Belgrano, importante referente en salud para toda la población, aporta lo concerniente a las afecciones que sufre la población. Los primeros resultados indicaron la existencia de una correlación significativa entre los estados de tiempo y el número de pacientes atendidos por el incremento de sus afecciones en el hospital o en los policonsultorios. Por otra parte, también se identificó la distribución anual de las enfermedades dominantes relacionadas con las estaciones del año.; The Biometeorology is the branch of the science that studies the interactions between the weather condition and alive beings. On the one hand, it consists of analyzing the form in which diverse meteorological situations favour or inhibit the appearance of certain symptoms in the human being. As opposed to certain rigorous or very unstable situations of temperature, humidity, pressure or wind the organism react of diverse ways like for example showing fatigue, migraine, influenzas, among others and disturbing in general its good operation. The climate and the health are object of investigation for a long time in the Departamento de Geografía y Turismo de la Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. From year 2002 to the present time it is investigating the relations of the meteorological weather condition and the health in the city of Punta Alta, head of the Coronel de Marina Leonardo Rosales Department.The investigation is of vital relevance if it considers that does not exist studies on subjects of biometeorology in this locality thus the results are of immediate application to means. In the central area of the city a weather station is located from which the weather data are obtained necessary, that soon process and they are analyzed to determine typical weather conditions of the city. On the other hand, the Naval Hospital Belgrano Port, important referring in health for all the population, contributes concerning the affections that the population undergoes. The first results indicated the existence of a significant correlation between the weather conditions and the number of patients taken care of by the increase of their affections in the hospital or in the external doctor's offices. On the other hand, also the annual distribution of the dominant diseases related to the stations of the year was identified.

Senecio rosmarinus y S. spegazzinii: Sinónimos de S. volckmannii (Astereae, Senecioneae) Tortosa, Roberto Daniel; Bartoli, Carmen María Adriana Se incluyen a Senecio rosmarinus Phil. y a S. spegazzinii Cabrera en la sinonimia de S. volckmannii Phil.(sección Suffrutecius Cabrera subsección Candidi Cabrera), especie con capítulos discoides, normalmente solitarios en los extremos de los tallos, con involucro anchamente acampanado y con 15—24 filarios. El indumento de la planta, la forma de las hojas y la pubescencia de los aquenios son caracteres variables dentro de la especie.; Senecio rosmarinus and S. spegazzinii synonyms of S. volckmannii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae). Senecio rosmarinus Phil. and S. spegazzinii Cabrera are included as synonyms of S. volckmannii Phil. (section Suffrutecius Cabrera subsection Candidi Cabrera), species with discoid heads generally solitary at the end of stems, involucre broadly campanulate, with 15—24 phyllaries. The hair covering of plants, the shape of leaves and the pubescence of achenes are variable within this species.