Deep cytogenetics analysis reveals meiotic recombination depletion in species of Senecio (Asteraceae) Lopez, Mariana Gabriela; Xifreda, Cecilia Carmen; Poggio, Lidia; Wulff, Arturo Federico Background: Senecio is the largest genus in the Asteraceae family growing in all environments around the world. It displays taxonomic and systematical difficulties. Cytogenetic knowledge of this genus is ancient, scarce and mainly restricted to chromosome number records. Result: In this study we analyzed chromosome number, meiotic configuration, bivalent morphology, meiotic behavior and pollen grain stainability on 100 accessions of 27 different polyploid Senecio L. sect Senecio entities. Median, standard deviation and mode were calculated for number and position of chiasmata and meiotic recombination was statistically evaluated. Although high frequency of multivalents and associated meiotic irregularities are expected in high polyploids, bivalents predominance and, consequently, regular meiosis were observed, with normal sporogenesis and high pollen grain stainability. Conclusion: Depletion in the total chiasmata was significant only in some species but the terminal position was preferential in all the entities analyzed, indicating significant reduction in recombination. The regular meiosis observed suggest that intra and intergenomic reorganization process occur quickly and efficiently in this genus. Mechanisms of diploidization, common to all polyploids, are reinforced by the strong reduction in crossing-over rushing polyploids stabilization.

Especies reactivas de oxígeno y su efecto sobre la actividad de las células óseas; Reactive oxygen species on bone cells activity; Espécies reativas de oxigênio e seu efeito na atividade das células ósseas Marotte, Clarisa; Zeni, Susana Noemi Las mitocondrias generan especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO) que cumplen con una multiplicidad de procesos celulares; cuando se producen en exceso son responsables del estrés oxidativo y de múltiples procesos patológicos, incluyendo osteoporosis. Los factores de transcripción FoxO 1, 3 y 4 actúan como moléculas sensoras de ERO convirtiendo la señal de estrés oxidativo en la inducción de mecanismos de protección o señales apoptóticas. La insulina y los factores de crecimiento insulínicos (IGFs) regulan negativamente a FoxOs en mamíferos. Las ERO están involucradas en el remodelamiento óseo a través del efecto que ejercen sobre osteoblastos y osteoclastos. Los FoxOs controlan la acción de ERO sobre la osteoblastogénesis y la osteoclastogénesis. Con la edad, el aumento del estrés oxidativo acelera la adipogénesis a expensas de la osteoblastogénesis, al mismo tiempo que aumenta la oxidación de ácidos grasos generando compuestos pro-oxidantes que incrementan el estrés oxidativo. Asimismo, la caída estrogénica acelera la osteoclastogénesis por vía genómica o no genómica. Dada la importancia de FoxOs y ERO en la fisiología ósea y durante el envejecimiento, clarificar los eventos celulares y pasos moleculares involucrados en el control del estrés oxidativo sería vital para entender la regulación de la osteoporosis relacionada a la edad.; Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key players in oxidative stress, and they are generated as by-products of cellular metabolism, primarily in the mitochondria. ROS are well recognised for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. FoxOs transcription factors are activated in oxidative stress responses and participate in the regulation of cellular functions, including cell cycle arrest, cell death, and protection from stress stimuli. FoxO activity is inhibited by growth factors and the insulin signaling pathways. They play a fundamental role in skeletal homeostasis by exerting both ROS céludependent and independent effects on bone cells. FoxOs modulate osteoblastogenesis and attenuate osteoclastogenesis through both cell autonomous and indirect mechanisms. With aging there is an inevitable increment in oxidative stress that accelerates adipogenesis at the expense of osteoblastogenesis. There is also an increment in lipid oxidation to form pro-oxidant products that enhance oxidative stress generation. In addition, the estrogen withdrawal accelerates osteoclastogenesis. Given the importance of both FoxOs and ROS in aging and bone biology, understanding the cellular events and molecular pathways that are controlled by FoxOs during aging may be vital to our understanding of the regulation of age-related osteoporosis.; Mitocôndrias geram espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) que cumprem uma grande variedade de processos celulares; se produzidas em excesso são responsáveis pelo estresse oxidativo e por múltiplos processos patológicos, incluindo a osteoporose. Os fatores de transcrição FoxO 1.3 e 4 funcionam como moléculas sensoras de ERO transformando o sinal de estresse oxidativo na indução de mecanismos de proteção ou sinais apoptóticos. A insulina e os fatores de crescimento insulínicos (IGFs) regulam em forma negativa Foxos em mamíferos. As ERO estão envolvidos na remodelação óssea através do seu efeito nos osteoblastos e osteoclastos. Os Foxos controlam a ação de ERO na osteoblastogênese e na osteoclastogênese. Com a idade, o aumento do estresse oxidativo acelera a adipogênese à custa de osteoblastogênese; ao mesmo tempo que aumentam a oxidação de ácidos graxos gerando compostos pró-oxidantes que incrementam o estresse oxidativo. Além disso, a queda estrogênica acelera a osteoclastogênese por via genômica ou não genômica. Devido à importância de FoxOs e ERO na fisiologia óssea e durante o envelhecimento, esclarecer os eventos celulares e passos moleculares envolvidos no controle do estresse oxidativo seria vital para a compreensão da regulação da osteoporose relacionada com a idade.

Three-dimensional evaluation of thoracic aorta enlargement and unfolding in hypertensive men using non-contrast computed tomography. Craiem, Damian; Chironi, G.; Casciaro, Mariano Ezequiel; Redheuil, A.; Mousseaux, E.; Simon, A. Aging produces a simultaneous thoracic aorta (TA) enlargement and unfolding. We sought to analyze the impact of hypertension on these geometric changes. Non-contrast computed tomography images were obtained from coronary artery calcium scans, including the entire aortic arch, in 200 normotensive and 200 hypertensive asymptomatic men. An automated algorithm reconstructed the vessel in three-dimensions, estimating orthogonal aortic sections along the whole TA pathway, and calculated several geometric descriptors to assess TA morphology. Hypertensive patients were older with respect to normotensive (P<0.001). Diameter and volume of TA ascending, arch and descending segments were higher in hypertensive patients with respect to normotensive (P<0.001) and differences persisted after adjustment for age. Hypertension produced an accelerated unfolding effect on TA shape. We found increments in aortic arch width (P<0.001), radius of curvature (P<0.001) and area under the arch curve (P<0.01) with a concomitant tortuosity decrease (P<0.05) and no significant change in aortic arch height. Overall, hypertension produced an equivalent effect of 2−7-years of aging. In multivariate analysis adjusted for age and hypertension treatment, diastolic pressure was more associated to TA size and shape changes than systolic pressure. These data suggest that hypertension accelerates TA enlargement and unfolding deformation with respect to the aging effect.

Empathy and contextual social cognition Melloni, Margherita; Lopez, Vladimir; Ibáñez Barassi, Agustín Mariano Empathy is a highly flexible and adaptive process that allows for the interplay of prosocial behavior in many different social contexts. Empathy appears to be a very situated cognitive process, embedded with specific contextual cues that trigger different automatic and controlled responses. In this review, we summarize relevant evidence regarding social context modulation of empathy for pain. Several contextual factors, such as stimulus reality and personal experience, affectively link with other factors, emotional cues, threat information, group membership, and attitudes toward others to influence the affective, sensorimotor, and cognitive processing of empathy. Thus, we propose that the frontoinsular-temporal network, the so-called social context network model (SCNM), is recruited during the contextual processing of empathy. This network would (1) update the contextual cues and use them to construct fast predictions (frontal regions), (2) coordinate the internal (body) and external milieus (insula), and (3) consolidate the context-target associative learning of empathic processes (temporal sites). Furthermore, we propose these context-dependent effects of empathy in the framework of the frontoinsular-temporal network and examine the behavioral and neural evidence of three neuropsychiatric conditions (Asperger syndrome, schizophrenia, and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia), which simultaneously present with empathy and contextual integration impairments. We suggest potential advantages of a situated approach to empathy in the assessment of these neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as their relationship with the SCNM.

Continuous high-altitude measurements of cosmic ray neutrons and SEU/MCU at various locations: correlation and analyses based-on MUSCA SEP³ Hubert, G.; Velazco, R.; Federico, C.; Cheminet, A.; Silva Cardenas, C.; Caldas, L. V. E.; Pancher, F.; Lacoste, V.; Palumbo, Félix Roberto Mario; Mansour, W.; Artola, L.; Pineda, F.; Duzellier, S. In this paper are described measurements at high-altitude of both radiation environment and effects. These measurements comprise cosmic ray neutrons and SBU/MCU on nanoscales devices. Results obtained at Pic-du-Midi, France, and in the city of Puno, Peru, are presented and analyzed. Analyses and cross comparisons based-on MUSCA SEP³ calculations show a good agreement between experimental data and modeling, thus illustrating the importance of the knowledge of the radiation field for a reliable prediction.

Pressure and microwave sensors/actuators based on smart hydrogel/conductive polymer nanocomposite Rivero, Rebeca Edith; Molina, María Alejandra; Rivarola, Claudia Rosana; Barbero, César Alfredo A nanocomposite is fabricated by formation of a conductive polymer, using in situ oxidative polymerization, inside a thermosensitive crosslinked hydrogel. FE-SEM micrographs show the nanometric domains of the conductive material (polyaniline, PANI) dispersed in the hydrogel matrix based on cross linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm). The thermosensitive properties of PNIPAm and copolymers with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are not affected by the presence of conductive polymer nanoparticles. The incorporation of PANI improves the mechanical properties of the hydrogel allowing it to swell up to 30,000% without breaking. Since the conductive polymer absorbs strongly microwave radiation at pH < 4 and heats up, the nanocomposite containing PANI suffer phase transition upon microwave irradiation. At pH > 4, PANI is not conductive and the nanocomposite becomes insensitive to microwaves. However, using a pH insensitive conductive polymer (polypyrrole, PPy) in the nanocomposite makes it sensitive to microwaves at all pH values. The nanocomposite is used in a chemomechanical actuator where drug release is driven remotely by microwave irradiation. Since the PNIPAm-co-2%AMPS/PANI nanocomposite is soft and electronically conductive, could be used as pressure/force sensor. It is shown that a compressive force applied on a cylinder of that nanocomposite increases the conductivity of material. Additionally a switch is built which turns off upon microwave irradiation. Therefore, the nanocomposites are potential candidates for different technological applications, such as: a force/pressure electrical sensor, a drug delivery device driven remotely by microwaves, pH or temperature electrical switches and an electric switch driven by microwaves.

Tobacco cessation intervention for pregnant women in Argentina and Uruguay: study protocol Althabe, Fernando; Alemán, Alicia; Mazzoni, Agustina; Berrueta, Mabel; Morello, Paola; Colomar, Paola; Ciganda, Álvaro; Becú, Ana; Gibbons, Luz; Llambi, Laura; Bittar Gonzalez, María G.; Tong, Van T.; Farr, Sherry L.; Smith, Ruben A.; Dietz, Patricia M.; Johnson, Carolyn; Buekens, Pierre; Belizan, Jose BACKGROUND: Argentina and Uruguay are among the countries with the highest proportion of pregnant women who smoke. The implementation of an effective smoking cessation intervention would have a significant impact on the health of mothers and infants. The "5 A´s" (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) is a strategy consisting of a brief cessation counseling session of 5-15 minutes delivered by a trained provider. The "5 A´s" is considered the standard of care worldwide; however, it is under used in Argentina and Uruguay. METHODS: We will conduct a two-arm, parallel cluster randomized controlled trial of an implementation intervention in 20 prenatal care settings in Argentina and Uruguay. Prenatal care settings will be randomly allocated to either an intervention or a control group after a baseline data collection period. Midwives´ facilitators in the 10 intervention prenatal clinics (clusters) will be identified and trained to deliver the "5 A´s" to pregnant women and will then disseminate and implement the program. The 10 clusters in the control group will continue with their standard in-service activities. The intervention will be tailored by formative research to be readily applicable to local prenatal care services at maternity hospitals and acceptable to local pregnant women and health providers. Our primary hypothesis is that the intervention is feasible in prenatal clinics in Argentina and Uruguay and will increase the frequency of women receiving tobacco use cessation counseling during pregnancy in the intervention clinics compared to the control clinics. Our secondary hypotheses are that the intervention will decrease the frequency of women who smoke by the end of pregnancy, and that the intervention will increase the attitudes and readiness of midwives towards providing counseling to women in the intervention clinics compared to the control clinics.

Urinary excretion of mannose and mannose related compounds in humans consuming Aloe saponaria pulp Fallati, Claudia Silvina; Olivera, Maria Eugenia; Luciani Giacobbe, Laura Carolina; Romañuk, Carolina Beatriz; Manzo, Ruben Hilario The adhesion of Escherichia coli to uroepithelium can be altered by the interaction between specific carbohydrate molecules and the receptors on the bacterial surface. Mannose is one of the most potent inhibitors among carbohydrates. Aloe saponaria, currently used as a dietary supplement, contains polymannanes as main components. This work was designed to evaluate the mannose oligosaccharide metabolites excretion after oral intake of Aloe saponaria pulp in order to estimate its potential utility in preventing urinary infections. Five volunteers received a daily oral intake of Aloe saponaria pulp for 7 days. Urine samples were collected at time 0 and on the seventh day and assayed for their mannose contents by Dubois method, TLC, HPLC and 1H-NMR. The results showed that the oral intake of Aloe Saponaria fresh pulp produced sugar excretion, composed mainly of mannose and mannose related compounds, suggesting that Aloe saponaria pulp could be a potential therapeutic agent for prevention of urinary tract infection.

Hacia un proyecto territorial para un paisaje cultural: La Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina; Towards a territorial project to a cultural landscape: Humahuaca stream, Jujuy, Argentina; Rumo a um projeto territorial para uma paisagem cultura: A Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina Vecslir, Lorena; Tommei, Constanza Inés En el año 2003, la Quebrada de Humahuaca fue declarada Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en la categoría de Paisaje Cultural. Esta inscripción constituye el primer documento que aporta una delimitación precisa y actúa como denominador común de este territorio. En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados del relevamiento de los principales planes, programas y propuestas que se han planteado para el "nuevo territorio" de la Quebrada desde esa fecha hasta la actualidad; y de su análisis a la luz de las premisas ya experimentadas por diversos proyectos territoriales sobre contextos con valor cultural y/o natural. De esta manera, el estudio comparativo de los documentos urbanísticos existentes pretende aportar al debate teórico y empírico entorno a los métodos e instrumentos de planificación y gestión acordes a las nuevas realidades territoriales, en este caso a un territorio "patrimonializado" como Paisaje Cultural.; In 2003, Quebrada de Humahuaca was declared World Heritage by Unesco, in the category of Cultural Landscape. This registration is the first document that provides an accurate delimitation and acts as a common denominator of this territory. This article presents the results of the survey of main plans, programs and proposals that have been posed for the “new territory” of Quebrada from that date to present; and its analysis in light of premises that have been already experienced in some territorial projects on contexts with cultural and/or natural value. In this way, the comparative analysis of existing urban planning documents aims to contribute to the theoretical and empirical debate around planning and management methods and tools according to new territorial realities, in this case a “patrimonialized” territory as Cultural Landscape.; Em 2003, a Quebrada de Humahuaca foi declarada Patrimônio da Humanidade pela Unesco na categoria de Paisagem Natural. Esta inscrição constitui o primer documento que aporta uma delimitação precisa e atua como denominador comum deste território. No presente artigo se expõem os resultados do relevamento dos principais planos, programas e propostas que se tem formulado para o “novo território” da Quebrada desde essa data ate a atualidade, e de seu analise, à luz das premissas já experimentadas por diversos projetos territoriais sobre contextos com um valor cultural e/ou natural. Desta maneira, o estudo comparativo dos documentos urbanísticos existentes pretende aportar ao debate teórico e empírico em torno a os métodos e instrumentos de planificação e gestão acordes às novas realidades territoriais, neste caso num território “patrimonializado” como Paisagem Cultural.

La continuidad de la dependencia bajo nuevas formas: la relación entre la restricción externa y el capital extranjero en la Argentina Belloni, Paula; Wainer, Andrés Gastón Tratando de responder el interrogante de cuáles son los cambios principales en la región latinoamericana desde la globalización neoliberal y qué elementos de los analizados por los teóricos estructuralistas y dependentistas continúan vigentes, el artículo se centra en uno de los aspectos que vuelve a manifestarse en las economías semiindustrializadas de América Latina en el contexto posneoliberal: el problema de la restricción externa. En particular se analiza la relación entre la creciente presencia del capital extranjero en la economía argentina y el comportamiento del sector externo durante las últimas dos décadas. Se presta especial atención a las implicancias que tienen la creciente entrada de inversión extranjera en «sectores clave» de la economía y la dinámica de las utilidades y dividendos sobre el resultado de cuenta corriente.; Looking for an answer to the question about what has changed in Latin America with globalization and neoliberal policies, and what the Latin American Structuralism and the Dependency Theory have to say today, we aim to analyze an old and recurrent problem of semi-industrialized countries: the balance of payments crisis. The paper focuses on the relationship between a growing presence of foreign assets in Argentina´s economy and the results of the balance of payments along the two past decades. The goal is to gauge the consequences of foreign investments in key sectors of the economy and how it affects the evolution of profits and dividends in current account.

Bandas de sonido transnacionales: voz e identidad en el cine brasileño contemporáneo Depetris Chauvin, Irene A lo largo del siglo XX, en el marco de los cines nacionales, la textura del discurso y la sincronización de voces y cuerpos fueron centrales para la creación de lo que Benedith Anderson entendía por comunidad imaginada, al mismo tiempo que otros usos de la voz, en otras cinematografías, permiten articular sentidos que no necesariamente consolidan esas ideas de comunidad. Desde esta perspectiva, que considera la relación entre lo sonoro y el espacio, es posible problematizar qué pasa con las identidades nacionales en las películas del siglo XXI que se focalizan en desplazamientos trasnacionales.  Teniendo en cuenta que la voz, en sincronía o diacronía con las imágenes exhibidas en pantalla, delimita espacios que sustentan o desestabilizan identidades culturales, en este artículo me gustaría reconsiderar la idea de una identidad territorial, lingüística y afectiva brasileña por medio del análisis de la lengua hablada y del uso de las voces en dos importantes filmes de la retomada: Terra Estrangeira, de Walter Salles y Daniela Thomas (1995), y Estorvo, de Ruy Guerra (2000).

Quantum corrections to dynamical holographic thermalization: entanglement entropy and other non-local observables Baron, Walter Helmut; Schvellinger, Martín Alejandro We investigate the thermalization time scale in the planar limit of the SU(N) N=4 SYM plasma at strong yet finite ´t Hooft coupling by considering its supergravity dual description, including the full O(alpha´^3) type IIB string theory corrections. We also discuss on the effects of the leading non-planar corrections. We use extended geometric probes in the bulk which are dual to different non-local observables in the N=4 SYM theory. This is carried out within the framework of dynamical holographic thermalization.

Ischemic preconditioning and tacrolimus pretreatment as strategies to attenuate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice Stringa, Pablo Luis; Romanin, David Emmanuel; Lausada, Natalia Raquel; Machuca, Mariana Alejandra; Raimondi, J. C.; Cabbane, A.; Rumbo, Martín; Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo The intestine is highly sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a phenomenon occurring in different intestinal diseases. Several strategies to mitigate IRI are in experimental stages; unfortunately, no consensus has been reached about the most appropriate one. We report a protocol to study ischemic preconditioning (IPC) evaluation in mice and to combine IPC and tacrolimus (TAC) pretreatment in a warm ischemia model. Mice were divided into treated (IPC, TAC, and IPC þ TAC) and untreated groups before intestinal ischemia. IPC, TAC, and IPC þ TAC groups were able to decrease postreperfusion nitrites levels (P < .05). IPC-containing groups had a major beneficial effect by preserving the integrity of the intestinal histology (P < .05) and improving animal survival (P < .002) compared with TAC alone or the untreated group. The IPC þ TAC group was the only one that showed significant improvement in lung histological analysis (P < .05). The TAC and IPC þ TAC groups down-regulated intestinal expression of interleukin (II)-6 and IL1b more than 10-fold compared with the control group. Although IPC and TAC alone reduced intestinal IRI, the used of a combined therapy produced the most significant results in all the local and distant evaluated parameters.

Study of capillary network directionality and irrigation of hypoxic tissue in an angiogenesis lattice model Moglia, Belén; Guisoni, Nara Cristina; Albano, Ezequiel Vicente To shed light on the understanding of the angiogenesis process, we study a simplified lattice model for the capillary network formation between an existing blood vessel and an initially hypoxic tissue. We consider that the cells of the tissue surface can release growth factors that will diffuse, leading to the formation of new capillaries that ultimately arrive at the tissue. Additionally, we consider the local production of growth factors by the growing capillary network.We also propose the existence of an inhibition mechanism at the hypoxic surface, i.e., a fixed number of neighboring sites of an already irrigated site of the hypoxic tissue stop releasing growth factors due to the arrival of nutrients. Particularly, the goal of this work is to study the effect of the release of local growth factors and the inhibition mechanism on properties such as the directionality of the growing network and the irrigation of the hypoxic tissue. Therefore we propose the quantification of these two relevant features for angiogenesis modeling. We establish a relationship between the model behavior without the release of local growth factors in the presence of the inhibition mechanism and a normal angiogenesis process. In this situation, the model gives a directional capillary network and a good irrigation of the hypoxic tissue. On the other hand, for a large number of released local growth factors in the absence of the inhibition mechanism, the model could be appropriate for the description of tumor angiogenesis. In this case, the model provides a rather small directionality for the growing structure, with a worse degree of irrigation of the hypoxic tissue, as well as a more tortuous capillary network with many closed branches and loops.

Effect of low dimensionality and encapsulation on the magnetic and hyperfine properties of iron nanowires Weissmann, Mariana Dorotea; Errico, Leonardo Antonio Ab initio calculations were performed for a very thin iron nanowire, both free-standing and enclosed in a carbon nanotube with the same size and structure of available experiments. Our interest was to study the effects of low dimensionality and the influence of the Fe–C interaction on the magnetic and hypefine properties of these systems. Our main finding was that the interfacial region between the nanowire and the carbon nanotube is of fundamental importance, as an iron atom close to the carbon atoms has a magnetic moment and a local hyperfine field very different from that at the surface of a free-standing iron nanowire. In fact, the properties of the calculated iron nanowire, of only 1 nm in diameter, when encapsulated inside a carbon nanotube result close to those of bulk iron.

Lectinhistochemical staining of granuloma induced by bacillus Calmette-Guerin in Piaractus mesopotamicus; Lectinhistoquímica del granuloma inducido por el bacilo de Calmette Guérin en Piaractus mesopotamicus Manrique, Wilson G.; Claudiano, Gustavo S.; Figueiredo, Mayra A. P.; Petrillo, Thalita R.; Marcusso, Paulo F.; Gimeno, Eduardo Juan; Moraes, Julieta R. E.; Moraes, Flávio R. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate, by means of lectinhistochemistry (LHC), the expression of carbohydrates in granulomas induced by the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in muscle tissue of Piaractus mesopotamicus after 33 days. Material and methods: Histological sections with 3 µm thick were incubated with the following lectins: WGA (Wheat germ agglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin) and HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), and the results were evaluated by light microscopy. Results: Acid fast bacilli were stained by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) and strong labeled by WGA in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Labeling with DBA was intense in fibroblasts and weak in macrophages. On the other hand, HPA binding was stronger in macrophages, especially in those that were in close contact with epithelioid cells, without evidence of binding to fibroblasts. The epithelioid cells were not labeled by the used lectins, but they were identified by Hematoxilin-Eosin (HE). The lectins labeled specific type saccharides in glycoproteins, as N-acetylglucosamine present in bacilli and macrophages, as well as N-acetyl-galactosamine in macrophages. The control group showed no inflammation or lectin binding. Conclusions. This technique may be useful in identifying receptors for WGA, DBA and the HPA lectins in epithelioid granuloma induced by BCG in P. mesopotamicus.; Objetivo: El presente estudio fue realizado para evaluar por medio de lectinhistoquímica (LHC), la expresión de carbohidratos en granulomas inducidos por el bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) en músculo de Piaractus mesopotamicus después de 33 días. Materiales y métodos: Cortes histológicos de 3 µm de grosor fueron incubados con las siguientes lectinas: WGA (Wheat germ aglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutin) y HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), y los resultados evaluados por medio de microscopia de luz. Resultados: Bacilos ácido resistentes fueron identificados por la tinción de Ziehl Neelsen(ZN). Se observó un marcaje intenso con WGA en el citoplasma de macrófagos. El marcaje con DBA fue intenso en fibroblastos y débil en macrófagos. Con la lectina HPA el marcaje fue intenso en macrófagos, principalmente en los que estaban en estrecho contacto con las células epitelióides, externamente se observó marcaje débil en fibroblastos. Las células epitelióides no fueron marcadas por las lectinas, pero fueron identificadas con la tinción de Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE). Las lectinas tuvieron un tipo de marcaje específico en algunos monosacáridos, como N-acetilglucosamina presente en los bacilos y en macrófagos, y N-acetilgalactosamina en macrófagos. En el grupo control no fue observada inflamación así como tampoco marcaje con las lectinas. Conclusiones. Esta técnica resultó eficiente en la identificación de receptores para las lectinas WGA, DBA y HPA en el granuloma epitelióide inducido por BCG en P. mesopotamicus.

Potential Geographic Distributions and Successful Invasions of Parthenogenetic Broad-Nosed Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Native to South America Lanteri, Analia Alicia; Guzman, Noelia Veronica; del Rio, Maria Guadalupe; Confalonieri, Viviana Andrea Ten species of parthenogenetic broad-nosed weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) native to Argentina, southern Brazil, and Uruguay were selected for niche modeling analysis based on climatic data and altitude, to evaluate their potential range expansion inside and outside South America. The selected species belong to Þve genera of the tribe Naupactini affecting economically important crops. Until present, Þve of the 10 species analyzed here have invaded prairies and steppes of countries outside South America (Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, United States, and South Africa):Aramigus tessellatus (Say),Atrichonotus sordidus (Hustache),Atrichonotus taeniatulus (Berg), Naupactus leucoloma Boheman, and Naupactus peregrinus (Buchanan). Our niche modeling analyses performed with MAXENT demonstrated that these areas would be also suitable for Aramigus conirostris (Hustache), Eurymetopus fallax (Boheman), Pantomorus auripes Hustache, Pantomorus ruizi (Bre`thes), and Pantomorus viridisquamosus (Boheman), consequently, they also have the potential to invade areas outside their native ranges, mainly in southeastern United States, some European countries (e.g., Portugal, France, and southern England), South Africa, New Zealand, and southeastern Australia. All the studied species share similar environmental requirements, the most important variables being the Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter, the Annual Mean Temperature and Isothermality. Long distance dispersal through commercial trade, and parthenogenetic reproduction would increase the threat of these weevils to crop production worldwide.

Structural changes in data communication in wireless sensor networks Cabral, Raquel da Silva; Aquino, Andre L. L.; Frery, Alejandro César; Rosso, Osvaldo Anibal; Ramirez, Javier Alberto Wireless sensor networks are an important technology for making distributed autonomous measures in hostile or inaccessible environments. Among the challenges they pose, the way data travel among them is a relevant issue since their structure is quite dynamic. The operational topology of such devices can often be described by complex networks. In this work, we assess the variation of measures commonly employed in the complex networks literature applied to wireless sensor networks. Four data communication strategies were considered: geometric, random, small-world, and scale-free models, along with the shortest path length measure. The sensitivity of this measure was analyzed with respect to the following perturbations: insertion and removal of nodes in the geometric strategy; and insertion, removal and rewiring of links in the other models. The assessment was performed using the normalized Kullback-Leibler divergence and Hellinger distance quantifiers, both deriving from the Information Theory framework. The results reveal that the shortest path length is sensitive to perturbations.

Los Break-in parties en América Latina: ¿éxito o fracaso?; The Break-in parties in Latin America: success or failure? Kestler, Thomas; Krause, Silvana; Lucca, Juan Bautista En esta nota de pesquisa se da cuenta del desarrollo teórico y el diseño metodológico del proyecto de investigación “Los Break-in parties en América Latina: ¿éxito o fracaso?”. La propuesta general del proyecto es: analizar las características de estos partidos capaces de “irrumpir” en el sistema de partidos; revelar cómo las condiciones estructurales del momento de la génesis inciden en el desarrollo del partido “hacia adentro” y “hacia afuera”; y establecer una explicación que vincule estos tipos de partidos, su origen y desarrollo, con su éxito o su fracaso posterior. Con base en estos objetivos, en esta nota de pesquisa se llevará a cabo: primero, una revisión bibliográfica sobre el surgimiento de nuevos partidos; segundo, una problematización sobre qué es lo “novedoso” de estas organizaciones; y tercero, una exposición de las principales decisiones teórico y metodológicas para analizar los Break-in parties.; This research note outlines the theoretical development and methodological design of the research project “Break-in parties in Latin America: Success or Failure?”. The aim of the project is to analyze the characteristics of parties that manage to break into the party system – to clarify how structural conditions at the moment of genesis affect the “inward” and “outward” development of these parties and to explain how its origin and development are linked to their subsequent success or failure. To expose these objectives, in this research-note we procede as follows: first, we offer a literature review on the emergence of new parties; second, we discuss what is “new” in these kinds of organizations; and third, we explain our theoretical and methodological approach to analyze the break-in parties in Latin America.

Reproductive ecology and genetic variability in natural populations of the wild potato, Solanum kurtzianum Marfil, Carlos Federico; Masuelli, Ricardo Williams The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) has more than 200 related wild species distributed along the Andes, adapted to a wide range of geographical and ecological areas. Since the last century, several collection expeditions were carried out to incorporate genetic variability into the potato germplasm around the world. However, little is known about the reproductive ecology and genetic population structure of natural potato population from field studies. The aim of this work is to study, in the field, the genetic variability and reproductive strategies of populations of one of the most widely distributed potato species in Argentina, Solanum kurtzianum, growing in Mendoza province. AFLP markers showed that the genetic variability is mainly present among plants within populations, indicating that in the sampled populations, sexual reproduction is more relevant than clonal multiplication (by tubers). Additional evidence was obtained evaluating the genetic diversity in populations with a distribution in patches, where several genotypes were always detected. From a field study performed in the Villavicencio Natural Reserve, we found that the average number of plump seeds per fruit was 94.3, identified and calculated the foraging distance of four insect pollinators, and demonstrated the seed dispersal by storm water channels. We argue that the breeding system, the two modes of reproduction and the ecological interaction described here may have a prominent role in determining the genetic structure of S. kurtzianum populations, and discuss the importance of field studies on population genetics, reproductive biology and ecology to design collections and conservation strategies.