Requirement for Ergosterol in V-ATPase Function Underlies Antifungal Activity of Azole Drugs Zhang, Yong-Qiang; Gamarra, Maria Soledad; Garcia, Guillermo Manuel; Park, Steven; Perlin, David S.; Rao, Rajini Ergosterol is an important constituent of fungal membranes. Azoles inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis, although the cellular basis for their antifungal activity is not understood. We used multiple approaches to demonstrate a critical requirement for ergosterol in vacuolar H+-ATPase function, which is known to be essential for fungal virulence. Ergosterol biosynthesis mutants of S. cerevisiae failed to acidify the vacuole and exhibited multiple vma~ phenotypes. Extraction of ergosterol from vacuolar membranes also inactivated V-ATPase without disrupting membrane association of its subdomains. In both S. cerevisiae and the fungal pathogen C. albicans, fluconazole impaired vacuolar acidification, whereas concomitant ergosterol feeding restored V-ATPase function and cell growth. Furthermore, fluconazole exacerbated cytosolic Ca2+ and H+ surges triggered by the antimicrobial agent amiodarone, and impaired Ca2+ sequestration in purified vacuolar vesicles. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the synergy between azoles and amiodarone observed in vitro. Moreover, we show the clinical potential of this synergy in treatment of systemic fungal infections using a murine model of Candidiasis. In summary, we demonstrate a new regulatory component in fungal V-ATPase function, a novel role for ergosterol in vacuolar ion homeostasis, a plausible cellular mechanism for azole toxicity in fungi, and preliminary in vivo evidence for synergism between two antifungal agents. New insights into the cellular basis of azole toxicity in fungi may broaden therapeutic regimens for patient populations afflicted with systemic fungal infections.

Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of fruit on Sechium edule Albarracin, Graciela; Lucero López, Viviana Romina; Marchevsky, Eduardo Jorge; Escudero, Nora Lilian Vegetables and fruits contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity such as phenols and flavonoids, carotenoids, ascorbate, alimentary fiber, selenium and many substances with antiatherogenics and anticarcinogenics properties. The purpose of this work is to assess some bioactive constituents and the antioxidant activity of the Sechium edule (Jacq) Swartz (Cucurbitaceae) fruit. Total phenol content was higher (p <0,001) in pulp (Sep):124.83mg/100g than seed (Ses): 86.36mg/100g. The antioxidant activity were estimated by: nitric oxide scavenging activity (NO), DPPH radicalscavenging activity (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching method (β-carotene). The values expressed as percentage (%) corresponds to Ses and Sep respectively: NO 47.51 ± 1.9 and 55.62 ± 1.3; DPPH: 88.87 ± 1.1 and 89.13 ± 1.5 and β-carotene, 63.32 ± 1.5 and 53.15 ± 1.4. The studied samples have important radical scavenging activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation in vitro. We concluded that the present study provides infor- mation that Sechium edule can be a source of natural antioxidants.

Nuevas evidencias de la actividad sísmica del terreno Cuyania en la región de subducción de placa horizontal de Argentina; New evidence for the seismic activity of the Cuyania terrane in the flat slab subduction region of Argentina Alvarado, Patricia Monica; Sánchez, Gerardo; Saez, Mauro; Castro, Brigida Marta Ester El terreno Cuyania situado en la zona andina de trasarco entre 29°S y 34°S se compone de un sistema de corrimientos y retrocorrimientos del cinturón plegado de Precordillera y más hacia el este por bloques de basamento cristalino de las Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales. A 31°S aproximadamente, la zona se caracteriza por una elevada actividad sísmica que ocurre a niveles de corteza continental (< 35 km de profundidad) y de profundidad intermedia (~100 km). Esta última define la zona de Wadati-Benioff indicando una geometría de la placa de Nazca subducida en posición horizontal bajo Sudamérica en buena correlación con la localización de la dorsal de Juan Fernández, la cual parece continuar en subducción en dirección hacia el noreste bajo el continente. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la inversión del tensor momento sísmico para cinco sismos corticales que ocurrieron en 2008 y 2009 con epicentros en el terreno Cuyania y sus límites. La información obtenida corresponde a estimaciones refinadas de localización sísmica, momento sísmico (M0), magnitud momento (Mw), profundidad focal y parámetros de fallamiento para los mecanismos focales de estos sismos. La caracterización de estas fuentes sísmicas ha sido obtenida a partir del modelizado de formas de ondas sísmicas de bancha ancha completas para las tres componentes registradas por la red local SIerras pampeanas Experiment using a Multicomponent BRoadband Array (SIEMBRA). Los sismos estudiados muestran magnitudes Mw entre 3.5 y 5.3, mecanismos focales de fallamiento inverso y profundidades focales entre 5 y 30 km, lo cual es consistente con otras soluciones obtenidas anteriormente para la misma zona con técnicas similares. Esta deformación sísmica está de acuerdo con el régimen de esfuerzo compresivo actual observado dentro de la corteza del terreno Cuyania situada por encima de la placa de Nazca subducida horizontalmente. Las propiedades de la corteza del terreno Cuyania (espesor de ~50 km; alta velocidad de ondas P, alta relación entre las velocidades de ondas P y S y elevada densidad en sus niveles más profundos), del manto superior situado entre la zona de Wadati-Benioff y el Moho y un mayor acoplamiento entre las litósferas continental y oceánica favorecerían la transferencia de esfuerzos desde la zona de contacto de placas a más de 500 km hacia el este, causando una mayor generación de sismos corticales en el terreno Cuyania que en los terrenos adyacentes.; The Cuyania terrane in the Andean backarc region between 29°S and 34°S consists of the thin–skinned Precordillera fold and thrust belt and of the Western Sierras Pampeanas thick–skinned basement cored uplifts. At about 31°S, the region is highly seismically active at crustal levels (< 35 km depth) and intermediate depths (~100 km). This deeper seismic activity delimitates the Wadati–Benioff zone showing a geometry of the subducted Nazca plate nearly horizontal beneath South America in good correlation with the location of the Juan Fernandez ridge, which seems to continue its subduction to the northeast beneath the continental plate. In this paper we present the results of the seismic moment tensor inversion forfive crustal earthquakes that occurred in 2008 and 2009 with epicenters in the Cuyania terrane and its boundaries. We provide refined information of the seismic location, seismic moment (M0), moment magnitude (Mw), focal depth and fault parameters of the focal mechanisms for these earthquakes. The seismic source characterization was obtained after modeling the three component full seismic broadband waveforms recorded by the Sierras Pampeanas Experiment using a Multicomponent BRoadband Array (SIEMBRA) local network. The earthquakes show magnitudes Mw between 3.5 and 5.3, dip–slip focal mechanisms and focal depths between 5 and 30 km, which are consistent with previous constraints in the same area using similar inversion techniques. The earthquake deformation is expected according to the compressional stress regime estimated in the crust of the Cuyania terrane over the flat slab subduction segment. The properties of the Cuyania terrane (thick crust of about 50 km thickness; high P–wave velocity; high P– to S–wave velocity ratio and high density in its deeper levels), of the upper mantle between the Wadati–Benioff zone and the Moho, and a stronger coupling between the oceanic and continental lithospheres may favor the transference of stresses from the coupled zone in the west to more extended inland areas located 500 km to the east causing a higher generation of crustal earthquakes in the Cuyania terrane in comparison to adjacent crustal terranes.

Likelihood-Based Sufficient Dimension Reduction. Letters to the Editor Forzani, Liliana Maria Discussion of the paper Likelihood based sufficient dimension reduction

On packing and covering polyhedra of consecutive ones circulant clutters Aguilera, Néstor Edgardo Building on work by G. Cornuéjols and B. Novick and by L. Trotter, we give different characterizations of contractions of consecutive ones circulant clutters that give back consecutive ones circulant clutters. Based on a recent result by G. Argiroffo and S. Bianchi, we then arrive at characterizations of the vertices of the fractional set covering polyhedron of these clutters. We obtain similar characterizations for the fractional set packing polyhedron using a result by F.B. Shepherd, and relate our findings with similar ones obtained by A. Wagler for the clique relaxation of the stable set polytope of webs. Finally, we show how our results can be used to obtain some old and new results on the corresponding fractional set covering polyhedron using properties of Farey series. Our results do not depend on Lehman's work or blocker/antiblocker duality, as is traditional in the field.

South American atmospheric circulation anomalies related to droughts in the northwest of Argentina (1951-1980) Bobba, M. E.; Minetti, Juan Leonidas Con base en un índice de sequía regional realizado por otros autores (Minetti et al., 2004), ha sido posible asociar sequías con anomalías de presión atmosférica en América del Sur. Se ha tratado de agrupar los campos de anomalías de presión atmosférica, que muestran cambios de circulación, con los índices de sequía. Se aplicó la metodología de Lund a escala mensual, estacional y anual, lo que permitió seleccionar un pequeño número de sequías fuertes relacionadas con la circulación. Como resultado hemos concluido que algunas de estas sequías fuertes están asociadas con los factores que se mencionan a continuación. Las principales alteraciones de circulación relacionadas con sequías describen en la mayoría de los casos lo siguiente: a) gradientes transcordilleranos significativos, en este caso incluimos aquellas que intensifican los vientos zonales del oeste (oeste–este) sobre Patagonia, lo cual genera anticiclogénesis sobre la costa oceánica pacífica y ciclogénesis en el continente; b) subsidencia anticiclónica; c) debilitamiento de la corriente húmeda del norte debido a una disminución del gradiente entre el anticiclón del océano Atlántico y la depresión continental y/ o subsidencia continental asociada con la corriente proveniente de esta dirección.; Based on a regional drought index carried out by other authors (Minetti et al., 2004), it has been possible to associate droughts with atmospheric pressure anomalies in South America. We attempted to group the fields of atmospheric pressure anomalies, which show circulation changes, with these drought indexes. We applied Lund's methodology based on a monthly, seasonal and annual scale. It has been possible to select a small number of severe droughts related to circulation. Consequently, we conclude that some severe droughts are associated with the factors listed below. The main circulation alterations related to droughts describe in most cases the following: a) significant mountain range gradients, in this case we include the one that intensifies the western zonal flow (west–east) over Patagonia, which generates an anticyclogenesis on the Pacific Ocean coast and a cyclogenesis on the continent, b) anticyclonic subsidence, c) weakness of the north humid flow due to a diminution of the gradient between the Atlantic Ocean anticyclone and the continental depression and/or subsidence associated with the flow coming from this direction.

TracED: A tool for capturing and tracing engineering design processes Roldán, María Luciana; Gonnet, Silvio Miguel; Leone, Horacio Pascual The design of products or production processes in many engineering disciplines such as chemical, or software engineering, involves many creative and sometimes unstructured activities, with an opportunistic control flow. During these design processes, several models are generated, which have different levels of abstraction of the object being designed. Given the difficulties in dealing with this complexity using an improvised way, there is an urgent need for tools that support the capture and tracing of this process. In this proposal, TracED, a computational environment to support the capture and tracing of engineering design process is presented. It allows defining a particular engineering design domain and supporting the capture of how products under development are transformed along an engineering design process. Particularly, in this work, we consider software architectures design domain. As in any complex process, the support of computational tools is required for enabling its capture.

Catalytic stereoselective alkene aziridination with sulfonimidamides Robert-Peillard, Fabien; Di Chenna, Pablo Hector; Liang, Chungen; Lescot, Camille; Collet, Florence; Dodd, Robert H.; Dauban, Philippe Diastereoselective copper-catalyzed alkene aziridination has been investigated using chiral nitrenes generated from sulfonimidamides in the presence of an iodine(III) oxidant. Starting from a stoichiometric amount of the substrates, the corresponding aziridines were isolated with excellent yields of up to 96%. Good levels of asymmetric induction were obtained in the case of electron-poor olefins, with an optimal de of 94% being reached starting from tert-butyl acrylate. Matching and mismatching effects were also observed upon the use of chiral copper catalysts for the aziridination of styrene.

La patria entre naranjos y cañaverales: Tucumán y el Primer Centenario; The country between orange trees and sugar cane plantation. Tucuman and the first centennial Perilli, Carmen Noemi En 1916 Tucumán proyectó la conmemoración del Primer Centenario de la Declaración de la Independencia. A seis años de las celebraciones porteñas no logró el apoyo que esperaba del gobierno nacional y diseñó un festejo a su medida, en un momento de crisis de la industria azucarera. En este período se registra un enorme movimiento cultural protagonizado por la denominada Generación del Centenario. Sus miembros pertenecen al orden conservador, cuyo poder comienza a disminuir: Sin dejar de lado sus intereses, proyectan una región cultural, fundada en el pasado y la geografía común. Planifican y construyen colecciones, museos y archivos, recopilando tradiciones orales. Entre sus mayores creaciones está la Revista de Ciencias Sociales. Fueron los fundadores de la Universidad. La educación fue el instrumento fundamental para consolidar la región y defenderla de la cultura extranjera y masiva. Estos intelectuales más ideólogos que artistas hacen sus mayores aportes en el campo de las ideas. Se los puede adscribir a lo que Rama llama "Cultura modernizada internacionalista". Su proyecto implica una respuesta regional al cosmopolitismo, una apuesta a una modernización moderada pero, sobre todo, afirma la identidad regional del Noroeste.

A geometrical approach to indefinite least squares problems Giribet, Juan Ignacio; Maestripieri, Alejandra Laura; Martinez Peria, Francisco Dardo Given Hilbert spaces H and K, a (bounded) closed range operator C : H → K and a vector y ∈ K, consider the following indefinite least squares problem: find u ∈ H such that h B(Cu − y), Cu − y i = minx∈H h B(Cx − y), Cx − y i, where B : K → K is a bounded selfadjoint operator. This work is devoted to give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions of this abstract problem. Although the indefinite least squares problem has been thoroughly studied in finite dimensional spaces, the geometrical approach presented in this manuscript is quite different from the analytical techniques used before. As an application we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions of some H∞ estimation problems.

A comparison of two methods for acquiring ecological data on armadillos from Argentinean Pampas: field work versus interviews; Comparación de dos métodos para la adquisición de datos ecológicos sobre armadillos en las pampas argentinas: trabajo de campo vs entrevistas Abba, Agustin Manuel; Cassini, Marcelo Hernan The objective of this work is to compare information collected on the ecology of three species of Pampean armadillos (Chaetophractus villosus, C. vellerosus and Dasypus hybridus), obtained through interviews with the information obtained previously in a typical ecological field study. The study area encompasses ~1000km2 of the northeastern part of the Pampas grasslands of Argentina. Thirty four farms evenly distributed throughout the study area were randomly selected and either the farmer or an employee was interviewed on the presence of armadillos. Traditional ecological data were collected in two ways: searching for indirect signs of armadillos and capturing and marking live individuals. The majority of the results were coincident between both methods. It is concluded that interviews can contribute to ecological research in the Pampas grassland by helping to design field surveys in the initial phase of a study. Interviews can be an important tool in decision making regarding land use and management, because they are a low cost method in terms of time and budget, and do provide reliable results.; El propósito de este trabajo es comparar la información acerca de la ecología de tres especies de armadillos de las Pampas (Chaetophractus villosus, C. vellerosus y Dasypus hybridus) recogida a través de entrevistas con aquella información previamente obtenida en un estudio ecológico de campo típico. El área de estudio abarca ~1000km2 del noreste de las Pampas argentinas. Fueron seleccionadas al azar 34 estancias homogé- neamente distribuidas en el área de estudio y se entrevistó a los hacendados o a empleados. Los datos ecológicos tradicionales fueron obtenidos a través de dos maneras: buscando signos indirectos de la presencia de armadillos, y por la captura y marcaje de individuos vivos. La mayoría de los resultados fueron coincidentes en los dos métodos. Se concluye que las entrevistas pueden contribuir a la investigación ecológica en las llanuras pampeanas al ayudar en las fases iniciales de un estudio al diseño de levantamientos en campo. Las entrevistas pueden constituir una herramienta importante en la toma de decisiones acerca del uso y manejo de la tierra, dado que representan un método de bajo costo en términos de tiempo y dinero, a la par de aportar resultados confiables.

Electrokinetic energy conversion in microchannels using polymer solutions Berli, Claudio Luis Alberto Electrokinetic energy conversion in microfluidic systems is a subject of intense research at present, where the main objective is to improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the process. As a novel strategy to the problem, this work focuses on the fluid dynamic properties of the working fluid. It is shown that polymer solutions with wall depletion can substantially increase the conversion efficiency in comparison to simple electrolytes under the same operating conditions. The effect is given by a reduction of the hydrodynamic conductance, while the streaming current is unaltered. It is also found that the maximum efficiency of electrokinetic power generation differs from that of electroosmotic pumping, in contrast to the case of simple electrolytes. This is due to the non-Newtonian character of polymeric fluids, which leads to nonlinear electrokinetic relations.

Inventario y clasificación de manifestaciones basálticas de Patagonia mediante imágenes satelitales y SIG, provincia de Santa Cruz; Inventory and classification of basaltic occurrences of Patagonia based on satellite images and G.I.S, province of Santa Cruz Mazzoni, Elizabeth; Rabassa, Jorge Oscar Las mesetas basálticas constituyen un rasgo típico del paisaje patagónico. Su génesis está vinculada a derrames de lavas máficas que se produjeron en distintos períodos efusivos durante el Terciario y Cuaternario. De acuerdo a su edad, la morfología de los mantos lávicos ha sido modificada por diferentes procesos erosivos. Las coladas más antiguas han quedado sobreelevadas decenas a centenas de metros por procesos de inversión del relieve. En la zona de contacto entre el manto basáltico y la roca subyacente se originan manantiales que brindan un aporte de agua extra al ambiente patagónico extracordillerano, favoreciendo el desarrollo de pastizales húmedos (mallines) que constituyen un recurso natural de alto valor económico, ecológico y escénico. Con el fin de contar con una herramienta que permita evaluar su importancia hidrológica, se llevó a cabo un inventario de estas formas volcánicas en la provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. Para ello se aplicaron técnicas de procesamiento digital e interpretación visual de imágenes satelitales de mediana resolución espacial. Los resultados se expresaron cartográficamente y mediante bases de datos, integrándose la información en un entorno S.I.G. Los datos obtenidos para cada campo volcánico, referidos a aspectos topográficos, geológicos y geomorfológicos, superficie del campo lávico y presencia de mallines en sus laderas y áreas próximas, fueron analizados estadísticamente. La información así generada permitió obtener una caracterización general de estas formas del paisaje y diseñar un sistema de clasificación, además de corroborar su importancia en la localización y desarrollo de los mallines.; Basaltic plateaus are a typical feature of the Patagonian landscape. Their origin is associated with basaltic flows that took place in different effusive periods of the Tertiary and Quaternary. According to the age, morphology of the different lava fields has been modified by different erosion processes. The oldest basaltic flows were elevated tens to hundreds of meters by "relief inversion processes". In the contact zone between the basaltic flow and the underlying rock, springs are originated that provide an extra water input to the extra-Andean Patagonian environment, favouring the development of meadows (mallines), a natural resource of high economic, ecological and scenic value. With the aim of providing a tool for evaluating the hydrological importance of meadows, a survey of these volcanic landforms was conducted in the province of Santa Cruz, Argentina. Digital processing and visual interpretation techniques were applied on satellite images of medium spatial resolution. The results were expressed into maps and by means of databases, and the information was incorporated into a GIS environment. Data obtained for each basaltic feature, regarding topographic, geological and geomorphological aspects, area of the lava plateau and presence of meadows on their slopes and proximal areas, were statistically analyzed. The information obtained provided us with a general characterization of these landforms and allowed us to design a classification system whose importance in the location and development of meadows was confirmed.

Aproximaciones a las estrategias de uso e historias tafonómicas de los conjuntos líticos de los sitios ubicados en la cuenca superior del Arroyo Tapalqué (partidos de Olavarría y Benito Juárez, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina); Approximation to the use strategies and taphonomic histories of the lithic complexs in the sites located in the upper basin of the tapalqué stream (Olavarría and Benito Juárez district, Buenos Aires province, Argentina) Pal, Nélida Marcela En este trabajo se presentarán los resultados obtenidos del análisis de los artefactos formatizados y de las lascas (con filo naturales con y sin rastros complementarios) de los sitios Laguna La Barrancosa 1 y 2 y Arroyo Tapalqué 1 (Partidos de Olavarría y Benito Juárez, Provincia de Buenos Aires). Los objetivos son: a) evaluar la incidencia de las distintas materias primas (principalmente ortocuarcita y ftanita) en la formación de los rastros de uso sobre los artefactos y la conservación de los mismos, b) determinar sobre qué materiales han sido utilizados los instrumentos y sus modalidades de utilización y c) identificar las alteraciones tafonómicas en los conjuntos líticos. Para cumplir con estos objetivos se aplicará la metodología de análisis funcional de base microscópica. La comparación de los datos obtenidos permitirá explicar las estrategias tecnológicas y actividades desarrolladas por los grupos cazadores recolectores, así como la historia depositacional de los artefactos.

La naturalizacion del “níspero”, Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae, Maloideae) en la Argentina Delucchi, Gustavo; Keller, Hector Alejandro Sobre la base de ejemplares de herbario recolectados en nuestro país, se cita por primera vez a Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) como especie naturalizada en la Argentina. Se incluyen observaciones ecológicas y también se brinda información acerca de los diversos usos locales. La especie es descripta e ilustrada; Based on herbarium specimens collected in our country, Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) is mentioned for the first time as naturalized plant in Argentina. Ecological observations and information about various local uses are included. The species is described and illustrated.

Obligatory role in GTP hydrolysis for the amide carbonyl oxygen of the Mg2+-coordinating Thr of regulatory GTPases Zurita, Adolfo Ramón; Zhang, Yinghao; Pedersen, Lee; Darden, Tom; Birnbaumer, Lutz When G-protein α subunits binds GTP and Mg2+, they transition from their inactive to their active conformation. This transition is accompanied by completion of the coordination shell of Mg2+ with electrons from six oxygens: two water molecules, the β and γ phosphoryls of GTP, a helix-α1 Ser, and a switch I domain (SWI) Thr, and the repositioning of SWI and SWII domains. SWII binds and regulates effector enzymes and facilitates GTP hydrolysis by repositioning the γ-carbonyl of a Gln. Mutating the Ser generates regulatory GTPases that cannot lock Mg 2+ into its place and are locked in their inactive state with dominant negative properties. Curiously, mutating the Thr appears to reduce GTP hydrolysis. The reason for this difference is not known because it is also not known why removal of the Thr should affect the overall GTPase cycle differently than removal of the Ser. Working with recombinant Gsα, we report that mutating its SWI-Thr to either Ala, Glu, Gln, or Asp results not only in diminished GTPase activity but also in spontaneous activation of the SWII domain. Upon close examination of existing α subunit crystals, we noted the oxygen of the backbone carbonyl of SWI-Thr and of the γ-carbonyl of SWII Gln to be roughly equidistant from the oxygen of the hydrolytic H 2O. Our observations indicate that the Gln and Thr carbonyls play equihierarchical roles in the GTPase process and provide the mechanism that explains why mutating the Thr mimics mutating the Gln and not that of the Ser.

Geografía, bienestar e inseguridad en la Provincia de Buenos Aires 2001-2005: ¿Sensación o realidad? Orradre, Martín; Schiaffino, Guillermo Nicolás; Velázquez, Guillermo Ángel El trabajo propone un índice de inseguridad a partir de una combinación ponderada de indicadores (Reclusos cada mil habitantes, Distancia de la unidad penitenciaria a la ciudad más próxima y Tasa de delincuencia cada 10.000 hab). Este índice se aplica para los partidos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (134 unidades) utilizando un SIG. El análisis muestra que, más allá de la “sensación de inseguridad”, los datos objetivos (aunque adolezcan de cierto subregistro) contradicen parcialmente esta percepción. Asimismo la vinculación entre delictuosidad y calidad de vida no es lineal. En general podemos advertir que el conurbano bonaerense padece problemas de bienestar y de inseguridad (aunque no en la magnitud relativa que se esperaría). Otras áreas conflictivas son la costa atlántica, el extremo sur de la provincia y algunas zonas ganaderas del interior.

Characterisation of Argentinean honeys and evaluation of its inhibitory action on Escherichia coli growth Fangio, Maria Florencia; Iurlina, Miriam Ofelia; Fritz, Rosalia The aim of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical, sensory and Escherichia coli growth inhibitory characteristics of honey of different botanical sources from two geographic origin of Argentina. Honeys were obtained from apiaries located in two zones. The floral identification of honeys allowed to clustered them as monofloral, mixed and polyfloral honeys. The study of the physicochemical parameters such as colour, free acidity, pH and moisture showed that the last one reflected significant differences between honeys. These differences were markedly reflected in the average values of moisture content for each zone, being 18.96% and 14.29% to centre and east zone, respectively. In general, honeys evaluated presented an inhibitory effect on the E. coli growth at different periods of time (bacteriostatic action). Only, two of the samples would show a bactericide action against E. coli at 48 h of incubation. Honeys with higher non-hydrogen peroxide activity, were collected from a same geographic place at the same season of year, showing a relationship between the antimicrobial activity and the geographic origin, which could be associated with the typical flora of the place.

Review of the described species of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with new additions Triapitsyn, Serguei V.; Huber, John T.; Logarzo, Guillermo A.; Aquino, Daniel Alejandro The described Neotropical species of the common and speciose fairyfly genus Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) are reviewed and re-diagnosed. Eighty-four valid species are recognized including 11 newly described ones. Illustrated identification keys are provided to identify the 5 subgenera recognized in Gonatocerus and to females of each subgenus. The keys include 79 of the treated species, the other five species are known from males only. The known distribution ranges of the species, including new records of extralimital specimens examined, are given. Host associations of the treated species are also given, with emphasis on those species that parasitize eggs of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Proconiini), all of which belong to the ater and morrilli subgroups of the ater species group of G. (Cosmocomoidea Howard), stat. rev. The other four recognized subgenera within Gonatocerus are the nominate subgenus, G. (Gonatocerus) (= sulphuripes species group of authors), G. (Lymaenon Walker), stat. rev. (= litoralis and straeleni species groups of authors), G. (Gastrogonatocerus Ogloblin), stat. rev. (= membraciphagus species group of authors), and G. (Gahanopsis Ogloblin), syn. n. & stat. n. (= deficiens species group of authors). Newly treated as synonyms of G. (Lymaenon) are Rachistus Foerster, Oophilus Enock, Agonatocerus Girault, Gonatoceroides Girault, and Decarthrius Debauche, all syn. n. Two species groups are recognized within G. (Cosmocomoidea) in the New World: the ater group, to which most Neotropical species belong (with the ater, bucculentus, morrilli, and the newly defined chusqueicolus subgroups) and the masneri group, with two described species from the Dominican Republic. The 11 new species described are G. (Gahanopsis) arkadak Triapitsyn sp. n. (Colombia), G. (Cosmocomoidea) barbos Triapitsyn sp. n. (Costa Rica and Mexico), G. (Cosmocomoidea) blefuscu Triapitsyn sp. n. (Costa Rica), G. (Cosmocomoidea) cuscus Triapitsyn sp. n. (Peru), G. (Cosmocomoidea) garchamp Triapitsyn sp. n. (Argentina), G. (Cosmocomoidea) gerasim Triapitsyn sp. n. (Mexico), G. (Cosmocomoidea) hispaniolus Triapitsyn & Huber sp. n. (Dominican Republic), G. (Cosmocomoidea) kiskis Triapitsyn sp. n. (Argentina), G. (Cosmocomoidea) logarzoi Triapitsyn sp. n. (Argentina), G. (Cosmocomoidea) mumu Triapitsyn sp. n. (Argentina), and G. (Cosmocomoidea) rakitovi Triapitsyn sp. n. (Costa Rica). Seven new synonymies are proposed: Gonatocerus h-luteum (Ogloblin) syn. n. under G. (Cosmocomoidea) nigriflagellum (Girault); G. enicmophilus Huber syn. n. and G. necator (Ogloblin) syn. n. under G. (Cosmocomoidea) bonariensis (Brèthes); G. dimorphus (Ogloblin) syn. n. and G. monrosi (Ogloblin) syn. n. under G. (Gastrogonatocerus) margiscutum Girault; and G. setulosus (Ogloblin) syn. n. and G. dorsiniger (Ogloblin) syn. n. under G. (Gastrogonatocerus) membraciphagus Ogloblin. Litus maculipennis Ashmead, Gahanopsis deficiens (Ogloblin), and Gahanopsis straeleni (Debauche) are transferred to Gonatocerus as, respectively, G. (Cosmocomoidea) maculipennis (Ashmead) comb. n., G. (Gahanopsis) deficiens (Ogloblin) comb. n., and G. (Lymaenon) straeleni (Debauche) comb. n. Lectotypes are designated for the following 23 species: G. (Gahanopsis) acanophorae (Ogloblin), G. (Gahanopsis) aethalionis (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) annulicornis (Ogloblin), G. (Gastrogonatocerus) anomocerus Crawford, G. (Gonatocerus) appendiculatus (Ogloblin), G. (Gonatocerus) bonaerensis (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) caudatus (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) concinnus (Ogloblin), Lymaenon (Gastrogonatocerus) dimorphus Ogloblin, G. (Gonatocerus) excisus (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) gracilicornis (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) grandis (Ogloblin), Lymaenon h-luteum Ogloblin, G. (Cosmocomoidea) inauditus (Ogloblin), G. (Gastrogonatocerus) juvator Perkins, G. (Gastrogonatocerus) margiscutum Girault, G. (Cosmocomoidea) metanotalis (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) nasutus (Ogloblin), Lymaenon necator Ogloblin, G. (Cosmocomoidea) nigrithorax (Ogloblin), G. (Lymaenon) pratensis (Ogloblin), G. (Gonatocerus) stenopterus (Ogloblin), and G. (Gonatocerus) urocerus (Ogloblin).

A 20 años de "Sujetos, disciplina y curriculum": Itinerarios y lecturas de un clásico Southwell, Myriam Monica Esta obra (Sujetos, disiciplina y curriculum) instaló un modo - no excluyente- de indagar los problemas del pasado educativo aunando enfoques, modalidades de escritura y perspectivas de análisis no desarrolladas hasta entonces. Si bien la obra de Puiggrós debe ubicarse en un marco donde tuvo lugar -desde distintas perspectivas y enfoques- una revisión de los argumentos expuestos por la historiografía tradicional, aquél trabajo reúne y conjuga una serie de rasgos que invitan a preguntarse qué se abre y que se cierra en la historiografía educativa argentina con la publicación de "Sujetos, disciplina y curriculum"