Weak inequalities for maximal functions in Orlicz–Lorentz spaces and applications Levis, Fabián Eduardo Let 00, denote a net of intervals of the form (x-epsilon,x+epsilon) subset [0,alpha). Let f^{epsilon}(x) be any best constant approximation of f in Lambda_{w,phi´} on B(x,epsilon). Weak inequalities for maximal functions associated with {f^{epsilon}(x)}_epsilon, in Orlicz-Lorentz spaces, are proved. As a consequence of these inequalities we obtain a generalization of Lebesgue´s Differentiation Theorem and the pointwise convergence of f^{epsilon}(x) to f(x), as epsilon tends to 0.

Creencias animales: Una propuesta disposicionalista Danon, Laura En el presente trabajo me propongo extender un enfoque disposicionalista de las creencias -propuesto originariamente por Eric Schwitzgebel- al problema de la atribución de estados mentales a animales no-humanos. Más específicamente, procuro defender que, una vez adoptado tal enfoque, es posible construir un argumento por analogía que muestre que ciertas atribuciones de creencias a animales no-humanos son legítimas y justificadas, pese a su carencia de lenguaje. A continuación, defiendo que un caso de tales atribuciones es el de las creencias instrumentales que guían algunas acciones prácticas basadas en un saber-cómo.

The environs of the massive runaway star BD+43 3654 Peri, Cintia Soledad; Benaglia, Paula; Romero, Gustavo Esteban; Martí, Josep The very massive runaway star BD+43° 3654 (O4 If) seems to be related with a bow shock detected by the MSX mission, that would be the result of the interaction of the strong stellar wind with the ambient matter. Shock-accelerated electrons will cool through synchrotron radiation producing a non-thermal radio source, yet never detected in such scenario. While new Very Large Array observations are carried out, we have examined archive data and present here the findings.

Structural analysis of wind-turbine blades by a generalized Timoshenko beam model Otero, Alejandro Daniel; Ponta, Fernando Luis An important aspect in wind-turbine technology nowadays is to reduce the uncertainties related to blade dynamics by the improvement of the quality of numerical simulations of the fluid-structure interaction process. A fundamental step in that direction is the implementation of structural models capable of capturing the complex features of innovative prototype blades, so that they can be tested at realistic full-scale conditions with a reasonable computational cost. To this end, we developed a code based on a modified implementation of the variational-asymptotic beam sectional (VABS) technique proposed by Hodges et al. VABS has the capacity of reducing the geometrical complexity of the blade section into a stiffness matrix for an equivalent beam, allowing accurate modeling of the 3D structure of the blade as a 1D finite-element problem. In this paper, we report some recent results we have obtained by applying our code to full-scale composite laminate wind-turbine blades, analyzing the fundamental vibrational modes and the stress load in normal operational conditions.

Environmental stress upon hepatopancreatic cells of freshwater prawns (Decapoda: Caridea) from the floodplain of Paraná River Collins, Pablo Agustin In order to evaluate the influence of stressed environments on hepatopancreatic cells of freshwater prawns, Macrobachium borellii Nobili, 1896 and Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili 1901, (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) were collected at three different aquatic environments with different relationship to urban development in Argentina. Furthermore the effects of several cypermethryn concentration on hepatopancreatic cell of M. borellii and P. argentinus were evaluated in a laboratory assays. The "N° 1" lake (Santa Fe Argentina) which is more affected by the anthropogenic pressure and "Don Felipe" lake which is still not strongly by human activities were the studied sites from the floodplain of Paraná river. While Alejandra lake was the intermedia effects sites. Different damaged ultrastructures were found in F- and R-cells of prawns in the stressed lake. The predominant features were: disrupted the microvillous border, swelled mitochondria, reduction of endoplasmic reticulum, dyctiosomes, glycoproteins, desnaturalization of vacuole membrane and premature autolysis. Moreover the F-cell number was higher in the environment near to city than in the others sites. Similar effects were observed in the cypermethryn assays. The observations clearly indicate that the ultrastructure of midgut gland in the both palaemonids varies depending on the site from which animals are collected and the biocid presence. So, in this case it can be stated that the hepatopancreas histology of freshwater prawns is a good tool to monitor the impact of a stressed environment upon freshwater prawns.

Amylase-Functionalized mesoporous silica thin films as robust biocatalyst platforms Bellino, Martin Gonzalo; Regazzoni, Alberto Ernesto; Soler Illia, Galo Juan de Avila Arturo A robust biocatalyst was produced by immobilization of R-amylase into mesoporous silica thin films with local order pore structure and 11 nm pore diameter, supported on glass stripes. The activity of this novel catalyst was evaluated for direct starch degradation. The catalyst films show excellent activity, and enhanced stability with respect to free enzyme at extreme conditions of pH and temperature. In addition, they can be easily separated from the reaction media and reused several times.

Circadian variations of prostaglandin E2 and F2 α release in the golden hamster retina de Zavalía, Nuria María Asunción; Fernández, Diego Carlos; Sande Casal, Pablo Horacio; Keller Sarmiento, María Inés; Golombek, Diego Andrés; Rosenstein, Ruth Estela; Silberman, Dafne Magalí Circadian variations of prostaglandin E2 and F2α release were examined in the golden hamster retina. Both parameters showed significant diurnal variations with maximal values at midnight. When hamsters were placed under constant darkness for 48 h, the differences in prostaglandin release between subjective mid-day and subjective midnight persisted. Western blot analysis showed that cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 levels were significantly higher at midnight than at mid-day, and at subjective midnight than at subjective mid-day, whereas no changes in COX-2 levels were observed among these time points. Immunohistochemical studies indicated the presence of COX-1 and COX-2 in the inner (but not outer) retina. Circadian variations of retinal prostaglandin release were also assessed in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)-lesioned animals. Significant differences in retinal prostaglandin release between subjective mid-day and subjective midnight were observed in SCN-lesioned animals. These results indicate that hamster retinal prostaglandin release is regulated by a retinal circadian clock independent from the SCN. Thus, the present results suggest that the prostaglandin/COX-1 system could be a retinal clock output or part of the retinal clock mechanism.

In vitro propagation and genetic stability analysis of Evolvulus spp. Biotechnological tools for the exploration of native germplasm with ornamental potential Maritano, Patricia Fernanda; Alderete, Liliana M.; Perez de la Torre, Mariana Cecilia; Escandón, Alejandro Salvio The goal of the present work is to establish a protocol that allows the in vitro propagation of Evolvulus glomeratus and Evolvulus arizonicus. Nodal segments of both species were disinfected by the standard method (ethanol/NaClO/Tween 80) with and without the addition of an antibiotics-antifungal mixture to the Murashige and Skoog (MS) complete medium, growth regulator free. E. arizonicus did not survive to the in vitro culture starting procedure. To determine the nutritional requirements for E. glomeratus, the nodal segments were cultured on different dilutions of the MS macronutrients, being the complete MS the more adequate basal medium. Two types of explants were isolated from E. glomeratus for their in vitro propagation: nodal segments and leaves. The first ones were cultured on complete MS medium supplemented with increasing benzylaminopurine (BA) concentration from 0 to 4.4 μM, and the second ones onto the same basal medium but supplemented with the following naphthalene acetic acid and BA concentration (micromolars): 0.0, 1.3, 2.6, and 5.3 for naphthalene acetic acid and 0.0, 1.1, 2.2, and 4.4 for benzylaminopurine in all possible combinations. Under the conditions applied from the leaves, no shoot regenerations were detected. On the other hand, it was possible to recover an average close to four shoots per explant when the nodal segments were cultured on a medium supplemented with 2.2 μM benzylaminopurine. For the rooting and rustication step, in vitro and ex vitro (with Growing Mix #2 and Perlite as substrate) strategies were tested. The best result was 91. 6% efficiency of acclimated plants obtained with the ex vitro procedure using Perlite. The use of intersimple sequence repeat showed no differences among the tested regenerated plants under the applied experiment conditions. The protocol developed here is the starting point for the application of biotechnological techniques for both the massive propagation and the improvement of E. glomeratus and other related species.

Life Cycle Greenhouse Emissions of Compressed Natural Gas-Hydrogen Mixtures for Transportation in Argentina Martinez, Pablo Enrique; Dawidowski, Laura Elena; Gomez, Dario Ruben; Pasquevich, Daniel Miguel We have developed a model to assess the life cycle greenhouse emissions of compressed natural gas-hydrogen (CNG-H2) mixtures used for transportation in Argentina. The overall fuel life cycle is assessed through a well-to-wheel (WTW) analysis for different hydrogen generation and distribution options. The combustion stage in road vehicles is modeled using the COPERT IV model. Hydrogen generation options include classical steam methane reforming (SMR) and water electrolysis (WE) in central plants and distributed facilities at the refueling stations. Centralized hydrogen generation by electrolysis in nuclear plants as well as the use of solar photovoltaic and wind electricity is also considered. Hydrogen distribution options include gas pipeline and refrigerated truck transportation for liquefied hydrogen. A total number of fifteen fuel pathways are studied; in all the cases the natural gas-hydrogen mixture is made at the refueling station. The use of WE using nuclear or wind electricity appears to be less contaminant that the use of pure CNG.

Synthesis of trisaccharides containing internal galactofuranose O-linked in Trypanosoma cruzi mucins Mendoza, Veronica Maria; Kashiwagi, Gustavo Adolfo; Muchnik, Rosa; Gallo, Carola The trisaccharides β-d-Galf-(1→2)-β-d-Galf-(1→4)-d-GlcNAc (5) and β-d-Galp-(1→2)-β-d-Galf-(1→4)-d-GlcNAc (6) constitute novel structures isolated as alditols when released by reductive β-elimination from mucins of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen strain). Trisaccharides 5 and 6 were synthesized employing the aldonolactone approach. Thus, a convenient d-galactono-1,4-lactone derivative was used for the introduction of the internal galactofuranose and the trichloroacetimidate method was employed for glycosylation reactions. Due to the lack of anchimeric assistance on O-2 of the galactofuranosyl precursor, glycosylation studies were performed under different conditions. The nature of the solvent strongly determined the stereochemical course of the glycosylation reactions when the galactofuranosyl donor was substituted either by 2-O-Galp or 2-O-Galf.

Matricellular proteins and inflammatory cells: A task force to promote or defeat cancer? Llera, Andrea Sabina; Girotti, Maria Romina; Benedetti, Lorena Gabriela; Podhajcer, Osvaldo Luis In the last years it became clear that the tumor microenvironment plays a major role in neoplastic growth. Proteins secreted either by the malignant cells or by the tumor-associated stromal cells act as extracellular signal transductors, orchestrating tumor progression. Sentinel cells of the innate immune system patrol the different organs and have proven either to promote tumor growth or induce tumor suppression. In recent years, members of the matricellular family of extracellular proteins were shown to be involved in different aspects of the inflammatory response during tumor development, although in contradictory ways. In this review we discuss the evidence available up to date that relates matricellular proteins with the regulation of the inflammatory response and tumor progression.

Characterization of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in bovine small intestinal mucosa Virkel, Guillermo Leon; Carletti, M.; Cantiello, M.; Della Donna, L.; Gardini, G.; Girolami, F.; Nebbia, C. The intestinal mucosa plays a capital role in dictating the bioavailability of a large array of orally ingested drugs and toxicants. The activity and the expression of several xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes were measured in subcellular fractions from the duodenal mucosa of male veal calves and beef cattle displaying a functional rumen but differing in both age (about 8 months vs. 18 to 24 months) and dietary regimens (i.e., milk replacer plus hay and straw vs. corn and concentrated meal). Intestinal microsomes showed cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B, 2C- and 3A-mediated activities and the presence of the corresponding immunorelated proteins, but no proof of CYP1A expression and/or functions could be provided. Intestinal microsomes were also active in performing reactions typically mediated by carboxylesterases (indophenylacetate hydrolysis), flavin-containing monooxygenases (methimazole S-oxidation), and uridindiphosphoglucuronyltransferases (1-naphthol glucuronidation), respectively. Cytosolic fractions displayed the glutathione S-transferase (GST)-dependent conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene; besides, the GST-mediated conjugation of ethacrinic acid (GSTφ) or cumene hydroperoxide (GSTα) was matched by the presence of the corresponding immunorelated proteins. Conversely, despite the lack of measurable activity with 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, a protein cross reacting with anti-rat GSTμ antibodies could be clearly detected. Although, as detected by densitometry, CYPs and GST isoenzymes tended to be more expressed in beef cattle than in veal calf preparations, there was a general poor correlation with the rate of the in vitro metabolism of the selected diagnostic probes.

Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods Rigano, Luciano Ariel; Marano, María Rosa; Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro; Morais do Amaral, Alexandre; Vojnov, Adrián Alberto Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B, and C that have different genotypes and posses variation in host range within citrus species. The causative agent for type A CBC is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, while Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii, strain B causes type B CBC and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes CBC type C. The early and accurate identification of those bacteria is essential for the protection of the citrus industry. Detection methods based on bacterial isolation, antibodies or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed previously; however, these approaches may be time consuming, laborious and, in the case of PCR, it requires expensive laboratory equipment. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which is a novel isothermal DNA amplification technique, is sensitive, specific, fast and requires no specialized laboratory equipment.

Semantically characterizing collaborative behavior in an Abstract dialogue framework Marcos, Maria Julieta; Falappa, Marcelo Alejandro; Simari, Guillermo Ricardo A fundamental requirement of collaborative dialogue formal systems is ensuring both that all the relevant information will be exposed and also irrelevancies will be avoided. The challenge is to fulfill this requirement in the context of a distributed MAS where each agent is unaware of the private knowledge of the others. We argue that it is possible to give a general treatment to this problem in terms of relevance notions, and propose a partial solution which reduces the problem to that of finding adequate potential relevance notions. Specifically, we present in this work an Abstract Dialogue Framework which provides an environment for studying the behavior of collaborative dialogue systems in terms of abstract relevance notions, together with three Collaborative Semantics each of which defines a different collaborative behavior of the dialogues under the framework. One of these semantics describes an utopian, non practical, behavior which is approximated in different ways by the other two constructive semantics. Complete examples are provided in Propositional Logic Programming. © 2010 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Effect of the association of reduced glutathione and ciprofloxacin on the antimicrobial activity in Staphylococcus aureus Páez, Paulina Laura; Becerra, María Cecilia; Albesa, Inés We report the effect of glutathione and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), assayed by a nitro blue tetrazolium reaction, on the antibacterial action of ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol in Staphylococcus aureus 22 resistant to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, and in S. aureus ATCC 29213 sensitive to the above three antibiotics. The association of glutathione with ciprofloxacin or gentamicin significantly reduced the value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in resistant S. aureus 22, measured using the macrodilution method, with a concomitant increase of intracellular ROS and a decrease of extracellular ROS. However, glutathione did not induce modifications in MIC or ROS generated by chloramphenicol. Furthermore, in the sensitive S. aureus ATCC 29213, the association of glutathione with ciprofloxacin, gentamicin or chloramphenicol did not induce any significant variations of MIC or ROS. There was a correlation between the stimulus of intracellular ROS and the decrease of MIC caused by exogenous glutathione. According to the results obtained, it is possible to modify the sensitivity of resistant strains of S. aureus by the addition of exogenous glutathione.

Age-related differential sensitivity to cadmium in Hyalella curvispina (Amphipoda) and implications in ecotoxicity studies Garcia, M. E.; Rodrigues Capitulo, Alberto; Ferrari, Lucrecia The standardization of toxicity tests requires the selection of the most suitable test species and their developmental stages, as well as the selection of the appropriate assay matrix and the evaluation of the sensitivity of the test species to the reference toxicants. International protocols recommend the use of the amphipod Hyalella azteca from the Northern Hemisphere for sediment toxicity tests. We selected the widely distributed amphipod Hyalella curvispina, representative of pleustonic, epiphitic and zoobenthic assemblages in austral South America, as test species to be used in regional studies. Our goals were to evaluate the sensitivity of three developmental stages of H. curvispina to cadmium as a reference toxicant and to select the most suitable age and exposure time for aquatic ecotoxicity assessment. The three ages were highly susceptible to cadmium, with sensitivities: neonates > adults > juveniles. Our results validate the use of the native H. curvispina as a standard species for ecotoxicological assessment studies.

La heterogeneidad estructural vista desde tres teorías alternativas: el caso de Argentina Chena, Pablo Ignacio El presente artículo consta de dos secciones principales. En la primera de ellas se desarrolla una revisión del concepto de heterogeneidad estructural (HE) desde un marco teórico compuesto por tres teorías alternativas: la estructuralista, la neo-estructuralista y un enfoque monetario de origen regulacionista. En la segunda, estos conceptos son aplicados al estudio de la HE en Argentina, durante el período 1991-2006, ponderando la relevancia de cada una a la hora de explicar el fenómeno.

On the asymptotic behavior of general projection-pursuit estimators under the common principal components model Boente Boente, Graciela Lina; Molina, Fernanda Julieta; Sued, Raquel Mariela The common principal components model for several groups of multivariate observations assumes equal principal axes among the groups. Robust estimators can be defined replacing the sample variance by a robust dispersion measure. This paper studies the asymptotic distribution of robust projection-pursuit estimators under a common principal components model.

Solving a multicoloring problem with overlaps using integer programming Méndez Díaz, Isabel; Zabala, Paula Lorena This paper presents a new generalization of the graph multicoloring problem. We propose a Branch-and-Cut algorithm based on a new integer programming formulation. The cuts used are valid inequalities that we could identify to the polytope associated with the model. The Branch-and-Cut system includes separation heuristics for the valid inequalities, specific initial and primal heuristics, branching and pruning rules. We report on computational experience with random instances.

A novel OXA-10–like β-lactamase is present in different Enterobacteriaceae Porto, Ayelen Patricia; Ayala, Juan; Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo; Di Conza, José Alejandro OXA 101, a novel OXA-10 like enzyme, was found forming part of a class 1 integron located in a conjugative plasmid in three different species of Enterobacteriaceae. This β-lactamase is related to OXA-35 and OXA-56 and displays a narrow substrate hydrolysis profile.