El espejo y sus fragmentos: la noción de imagen en el programa romántico y en ciertos desarrollos teóricos modernos sobre poesía Maggi, Marina La imagen puede ser pensada como sutura de fragmentos sin origen, como torbellino que yuxtapone distintas temporalidades, como latencia febril, como síntoma (Didi-Huberman: 2011). Su irrupción entrelaza el presente absoluto, el futuro desconocido y el pasado olvidado. La imagen aparece y traza sus coordenadas fantasmáticas allí donde el tiempo escapa a la representación. En ella se interrumpe el sentido para que destelle un misterio. ¿Desde dónde nos llega? ¿Qué fuerza la crea y la lanza hacia nosotros? Sin dejar de comprender que su resplandor en el cuerpo textual depende precisamente de su constitución en el entramado lingüístico, no alcanza con pensar la imagen como un fenómeno retórico o como un mero efecto de sintaxis. El poder de la imagen es un poder de umbral: ella nos predispone al acontecer, rasga el tiempo lineal para habilitar una encrucijada donde abundan los anacronismos. La imagen exhibe su propia mentira para que soñemos de verdad. Ahora bien, ¿qué es la imagen en y para la literatura? ¿Cuál es su estatuto dentro del perpetuo movimiento de auto-exceso que ésta opera sobre sí misma? Para ofrecer una posible respuesta a estos interrogantes, nos interesa reconocer la inscripción de la imagen en el proyecto romántico y seguir su deriva crítica en ciertos abordajes claves sobre poesía correspondientes al siglo XX: se trata del texto filosófico “La época de la imagen del mundo” (1938) de Martin Heidegger, el ensayo “Las dos versiones de lo imaginario” (1955) de Maurice Blanchot y la conferencia “La presencia y la imagen”, dictada por Yves Bonnefoy en el College de France en 1981. Alrededor de esta noción confluyen ciertos problemas fundamentales, tales como la configuración de la subjetividad moderna y sus vínculos con el mundo, la pérdida y recuperación del horizonte metafísico para la práctica artística y la cuestión central del deseo. Estas preocupaciones románticas que retornan en determinadas teorizaciones modernas sobre poesía son, en palabras de Lacoue-Labarthe y Nancy, “nuestra ingenuidad”.

Effects of forest preservation, livestock exclusion and use of shrubs as potential nurses on planting success of an endangered tree Torres, Romina Cecilia; Pollice, Julieta; Valfré Giorello, Tatiana Alejandra; Herrero, María Lucrecia; Navarro Ramos, Silvia Elisa; Ibarra Grellet, Ignacio; Renison, Daniel Domestic livestock are widespread in seasonally dry forests, likely causing forest degradation and limiting tree seedling establishment. Shrubs can play an important role in facilitating tree regeneration, by protecting trees from livestock damage and ameliorating unfavorable abiotic conditions. We aimed at disentangling the relative contribution of grazing exclusion, long-term forest conservation, and the potential facilitation effect of shrubs on the performance of saplings of the native tree Kageneckia lanceolata. We planted 400 saplings in grazed and ungrazed areas situated both in a preserved and a degraded forest. In each situation, we established planting plots in three accompanying vegetation treatments: herbs, a non-leguminous spiny shrub and a leguminous spiny shrub. Survival of three-year-old saplings was 10-fold higher in the preserved than in the degraded forest and two-fold higher in the ungrazed than in the grazed site. Differences in survival among accompanying vegetation treatments were much smaller than between grazing treatments. Survival significantly increased with increasing protection by shrubs only in the degraded site. Sapling growth patterns were fairly similar to survival patterns, with no growth in the degraded forest, except for limited growth under both shrubs in the ungrazed site. We conclude that, in selecting plantation sites for the study species, forest condition and grazing exclusion should be prioritized over microsite selection based on neighboring vegetation.

Exploring the glycobiology of immune response in colitis-associated colorectal cancer Cagnoni, Alejandro; Cutine, Anabela María; Morales, Rosa María; Gatto, Sabrina Gisela; Mazzeo, Christian; May, Maria; Girotti, Maria Romina; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián; Mariño, Karina Valeria Inflammatory Bowel Diseases are chronic, relapsing and remitting intestinal inflammatory pathologies that have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, a multifactorial pathology where genetic mutations, diet, microbiota and intestinal inflammation are crucial factors that modulate disease outcome. During the last decades, aberrant glycosylation has become an important hallmark of inflammation and tumor progression. In this work, we aimed at studying the effect of the inflammatory microenvironment over the gut glycobiology during colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACRC) progression. We evaluated the association between intestinal inflammation and neoplastic development, with special emphasis on the interaction between the intestinal glycome and Galectin-1, as this glycan-binding protein exerts important roles in CRC progression. With this purpose, we studied colitis and CACRC progression in Wild-type and Galectin-1 KO mice, by administration of azoxymethane as carcinogen and DSS for colitis induction. Wasting disease was monitored and, after sacrifice, we analyzed tumors size, immune infiltrate and cytokine profile. We found that Galectin-1-lacking mice develop an improved anti-tumor immune response, with an increase in activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, higher expression of IL-6, IFN-γ and lower expression of TGF-β.Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses of murine glycogenes expression of tumors evidenced significant differences in several glycosyltransferases. In addition, immunophenotype studies showed an increase in monocytes and CD4+ T cells in tumor infiltrates of Gal-1 KO mice. Moreover, we carried out a meta-analysis for mouse models of sporadic CRC and CACRC, which showed a differential glycogene expression pattern. Finally, we expanded the significance of our results by analyzing public databases for human CRC samples.

Four species linked by three hybrid zones: two instances of repeated hybridization in one species group (Genus Liolaemus) Grummer, Jared A.; Avila, Luciano Javier; Morando, Mariana; Leaché, Adam D. Hybridization is an evolutionary process that can generate diverse outcomes, such as reinforcing species boundaries, generating new species, or facilitating the introgression of locally-adapted alleles into new genomic backgrounds. Liolaemus is a highly diverse clade of South American lizards with ∼260 species and as many as ten new species are described each year. Previous Liolaemus studies have detected gene flow and introgression among species using phylogenetic network methods and/or through comparisons of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA patterns, yet no study has systematically studied hybrid zones between Liolaemus species. Here, we compared three hybrid zones between four species in the Liolaemus fitzingerii group of lizards in Central Argentina where two species, L. melanops and L. xanthoviridis, each hybridize withtwo other species (L. shehuen and L. fitzingerii). We sampled three transects that were each ∼120 km in length and sequenced both mitochondrial and genome-wide SNP data for 267 individuals. In our analyses of nuclear DNA, we also compared bi-allelic SNPs to phased alleles (50 bp RAD loci). Population structure analyses confirmed that boundaries separating species are sharp, and all clines are <65 km wide. Cline center estimates were consistent between SNPs and phased alleles, but cline width estimates were significantly different with the SNPs producing wider estimates. The mitochondrial clines are narrower and shifted 4?20 km southward in comparison to the nuclear clines in all three hybrid zones, indicating that either each of the species has sex-biased dispersal (males northward or females southward), the population densities are unequal, or that the hybrid zones are moving north over time. These comparisonsindicate that some patterns of hybridization are similar across hybrid zones (mtDNA clines all narrower and shifted to the south), whereas cline width is variable. Hybridization in the L. fitzingerii group is common and geographically localized; further studies are needed to investigate whether hybrid zones act as hard species boundaries or promoters ofspeciation through processes such as reinforcement. Nonetheless, this study provides insights into both biotic and abiotic mechanisms helping to maintain species boundaries within the speciose Liolaemus system.

Apuntes sobre la resistencia popular y la persecución contra el peronismo en Chubut: 1955-1957; Notes on popular resistance and persecution against Peronism in Chubut: 1955-1957 Perez Alvarez, Gonzalo Gabriel Este artículo aporta al conocimiento de algunas formas de resistencia popular, y ciertos mecanismos de represión, durante la primera etapa del golpe de estado que derrocó al gobierno de Juan Domingo Perón en la provincia de Chubut. Los registros sobre el tema en Chubut son escasos, fragmentarios y están dispersos en diversos reservorios; muchos de ellos recién comienzan a estar abiertos para la consulta de los investigadores.Sin pretensión de cubrir la totalidad de las acciones desarrolladas en un territorio tan amplio como el del Chubut, se describen una serie de sucesos que evidencian cómo se plasmó esa resistencia popular multiforme, al tiempo que se imponía un aparato represivo que pretendía controlarlo todo. El acercamiento fue realizado a partir de diversas fuentes: el relevamiento sistemático del principal medio de prensa local (el diario Jornada), fuentes bibliográficas y un prontuario policial clave, caratulado como "Infracción Decreto Ley 4161, año 1956".; This article contributes to the knowledge of some forms of popular resistance, and certain mechanisms of repression, during the first years of the coup d'état that overthrew the government of Juan Domingo Perón. The records on the subject in Chubut are scarce, fragmentary, and scattered in various reservoirs; many of them are just beginning to be open for consultation by researchers.Without pretending to cover all the actions carried out in a territory as broad as that of Chubut, a series of events are described that show how this multiform popular resistance was shaped, while a repressive apparatus was imposed, that tried to control everything. The approach was carried out from different sources: the systematic survey of the main local press (the Jornada newspaper), bibliographic sources and a key police record, labeled as “Violation of Decree Law 4161, year 1956”.

Infraestructura de datos espaciales de la FCH- UNICEN para la gestión sanitaria frente al COVID-19 la Macchia, Maria Lorena; Linares, Santiago; Tisnés, Adela; Picone, Natasha; Ortmann, Mauro; Franzoia Mos, Daniela; Rocha, Heder Leandro; Ramírez, Lucas La infraestructura de datos espaciales de la FCH-UNICEN tiene como objetivo desarrollar un SIG, que permita caracterizar e integrar espacialmente datos gráficos y alfanuméricos de temáticas derivadas de las investigaciones llevadas adelante por los grupos de investigación de la Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. En el transcurso del año 2019 se implementó la IDE y se puso en marcha, luego de muchas instancias previas que no tuvieron resultados favorables. Una vez sucedido esto, y teniendo como objetivo principal la difusión y el soporte a la investigación, el país y el mundo se vieron atravesados por la pandemia de COVID-19. Atentos a esta situación, desde la IDE FCH UNICEN se comenzaron a publicar mapas y servicios WMS/WFS relativos a la temática, dado que las instituciones sanitarias y gubernamentales locales y provinciales, comenzaron a demandar la disponibilidad de datos para la gestión sanitaria pública de cara a la pandemia.Palabras clave: Ide FCH Unicen, COVID- 19, mapas de salud, mapas de riesgo

Conversión del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de presencial a virtual en el marco del Covid-19: El caso de la asignatura Electrotecnia 2 en Ingeniería; Conversion of the teaching and learning process from presential to virtual in the framework of Covid-19: The case of the subject Electrotecnia 2 in Engineering Bacino, Gustavo Alfredo; Roberts, Justo José; Massa, Stella Maris En el presente trabajo se desarrolla y analiza la conversión de una cursada tradicionalmente presencial a la modalidad a distancia o virtual, derivada de la situación provocada por la pandemia del Covid-19. Se describen los pasos seguidos para lograr la transformación, así como las dificultades que se presentaron y las soluciones que se fueron proponiendo. A fin de evaluar la actividad, se presenta a los estudiantes una encuesta de satisfacción y se analizan los resultados obtenidos a partir de sus respuestas. Asimismo, se comparan los rendimientos de los últimos ocho años para estimar si existen diferencias significativas entre la modalidad presencial y la modalidad a distancia puesta en práctica en la cursada 2020 de la asignatura Electrotecnia 2. Se describen también las particularidades de las evaluaciones, en los aspectos prácticos a través de ejercicios y en los aspectos teóricos mediante preguntas conceptuales, adaptadas al entorno virtual de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Se concluye que el principal objetivo ha sido cumplido, al haber finalizado, en tiempo y forma, la cursada de la asignatura en todos sus aspectos.; This paper develops and analyses the conversion of a traditional classroom course into the distance or virtual mode, derivated from the situation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The steps followed to achieve the transformation are described, as well as the difficulties that arose and the solutions that were proposed. In order to evaluate the activity, students are presented with a satisfaction survey and the results obtained from their answers are analysed. Likewise, the performance of the last eight years is compared to estimate if there are significant differences between the classroom-based and the distance mode put into practice in the 2020 course of the subject Electrotecnia 2. The particularities of the evaluations are also described, in the practical aspects through exercises and in the theoretical aspects through conceptual questions, adapted to the virtual teaching and learning environment. It is concluded that the main objective has been fulfilled, having finished in time and form the course of the subject in all its aspects.

Extensiones de la cuarentena por COVID-19: Niveles y predictores de depresión, ansiedad y riesgo suicida López Steinmetz, Lorena Cecilia; Leyes, Candela Abigail; Godoy, Juan Carlos; Dutto Florio, María Agustina; Lupo, Agostina Paula Introducción: Evaluar el impacto en la salud mental de las medidas sanitarias de cuarentenas masivas obligatorias es una tarea pendiente actual y una importante brecha de investigación.Objetivos: 1) Analizar diferencias en indicadores del estado de salud mental (ESM; depresión, ansiedad rasgo, ansiedad estado y riesgo suicida) durante tres sub-períodos de la cuarentena; 2) Evaluar factores que podrían afectar cada indicador medido del ESM.Metodología: Diseño transversal con muestreos sucesivos: 30/03/20 al 10/04/20 (primera extensión de la cuarentena), 11/04/20 al 08/05/20 (segunda y tercera extensión) y 09/05/20 al 23/05/20 (cuarta extensión); N = 1100 argentinos/as, desde 18 años (Medad = 31.45, error estándar ± 0.35). Los sub-períodos de la cuarentena se establecieron en función de la fecha de cada anuncio televisivo oficial de extensión. Se administraron, en línea, instrumentos estandarizados y validados. Se calcularon ANOVAs de una vía entre grupos con test post hoc de Bonferroni y regresiones lineales múltiples. El nivel de significación se fijó en ≤ 0.05.Resultados: Hubo un patrón de empeoramiento progresivo en los niveles de depresión, a medida que avanzaron los sub-períodos de la cuarentena. La ansiedad estado, la ansiedad rasgo y el riesgo suicida siguieron parcialmente este patrón, con puntajes medios que aumentaron de la primera a la segunda/tercera extensión, pero que luego se mantuvieron constantes hacia la cuarta extensión. Los predictores que tuvieron efectos protectores en casi todos los indicadores del ESM fueron disponibilidad de ingreso económico (excepto para ansiedad estado, que no tuvo efecto significativo) y ausencia de intento suicida anterior. En cambio, ser mujer, joven y tener historia de trastorno mental se asociaron con peores niveles del ESM. Además, sub-períodos más largos de la cuarentena fueron predictores de mayor depresión y ansiedad estado.

Conservation status assessment of the highest forests in the world: Polylepis flavipila forests as a case study Ames Martínez, Fressia Nathalie; Quispe Melgar, Harold Rusbelth; Renison, Daniel Polylepis forests are one of the most threatened high Andean ecosystems, with 15 species and eight subspecies being categorized as critically endangered, vulnerable or near threatened by IUCN. However, their conservation status is poorly evaluated and could be outdated. As a case study, we evaluated Polylepis flavipila, a species endemic to the Peruvian central Andes, that is categorized as Vulnerable in Peru and is not mentioned in the Global Threatened Species Red List. We used two methods to categorize P. flavipila: (1) a species-level assessment using criteria proposed by IUCN and (2) a population-level assessment of four forests using the more specific criteria proposed by Navarro and collaborators. We recorded 350 relicts of P. flavipila forests as identified from herbariums and other sources. Forest cover was reduced 53% over 45 years as evaluated using satellite images from 1975 and 2020 and we estimated a total area of 458 and 216 km2, respectively. Thus, according to the IUCN criteria, P. flavipila should be classified as Endangered. At the population level, the application of the criteria of Navarro and collaborators results in different threat categories: one of the studied forests is classified as Critically Endangered, two forests as Vulnerable and one as Least Concern. We stress the need for updated categorizations for the 45 described Polylepis tree and shrub species based on the following facts: the only species we tested should change category, the IUCN categorizations were performed 16 to 22 years ago, and there have been many changes in the taxonomy of the genus. The assessment using IUCN criteria should also be complemented with more detailed evaluations at the population level since important differences were detected at a smaller scale, which could help target conservation and restoration resources more efficiently.

Differential methylation patterns in apomictic vs. Sexual genotypes of the diplosporous grass Eragrostis curvula Carballo, José; Zappacosta, Diego Carlos; Marconi, Gianpiero; Gallardo, Jimena Alicia; Di Marsico, Marco; Gallo, Cristian Andrés; Cáccamo, Mario José; Albertini, Emidio; Echenique, Carmen Viviana DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism by which a methyl group is added to a cytosine or an adenine. When located in a gene/regulatory sequence it may repress or de-repress genes, depending on the context and species. Eragrostis curvula is an apomictic grass in which facultative genotypes increases the frequency of sexual pistils triggered by epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to look for correlations between the reproductive mode and specific methylated genes or genomic regions. To do so, plants with contrasting reproductive modes were investigated through MCSeEd (Methylation Context Sensitive Enzyme ddRad) showing higher levels of DNA methylation in apomictic genotypes. Moreover, an increased proportion of differentially methylated positions over the regulatory regions were observed, suggesting its possible role in regulation of gene expression. Interestingly, the methylation pathway was also found to be self-regulated since two of the main genes (ROS1 and ROS4), involved in de-methylation, were found differentially methylated between genotypes with different reproductive behavior. Moreover, this work allowed us to detect several genes regulated by methylation that were previously found as differentially expressed in the comparisons between apomictic and sexual genotypes, linking DNA methylation to differences in reproductive mode.

ZIF-8 magnético como un soporte estable y reusable para la inmovilización de biomoléculas en soluciones acuosas a pH=7 Aguirre, Matías Ezequiel; Marino, Ignacio; Bozzano, Patricia Beatriz; Armin, Feldhoff; Grela, Maria Alejandra Recientemente, los armazones metalorgánicos (MOFs) han sido propuestos como soportes para inmovilizar biomoléculas, particularmente enzimas; para preservar su actividad y favorecer su reutilización.[1] Un MOF muy utilizado es el ZIF-8 (Zeolitic Imidazole Frameworks), compuesto por Zn(II) y 2-metilimidazol que si bien mantiene su estructura en suspensiones acuosas a ebullición, su estabilidad en los medios acuosos de alta fuerza iónica requeridos para la aplicación práctica de los biocatalizadores, aún no ha sido evaluada. En esta presentación, reportamos la síntesis y caracterización de estructuras Fe3O4@ZIF-8 formadas por partículas de magnetita (Fe3O4) recubiertas por ZIF-8 y estudiamos su robustez química en las condiciones óptimas de operación de las enzimas NAD-dependientes (pH=7 y fuerza iónica ≥ 0.2 M); explorando el efecto de la naturaleza del sistema tampón y los aditivos surfactantes sobre la estabilidad y la morfología, así como la capacidad de carga para la adsorción de BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) como proteína modelo. Resultados: La exposición de las estructuras Fe3O4@ZIF-8 a soluciones tampón de fosfatos 0.05 M (pH=7), un medio frecuentemente utilizado en catálisis enzimática, deriva en la irreversible desestabilización del ZIF-8 mediante la formación de fosfato de zinc. Este comportamiento puede evitarse si se reemplaza el tampón aniónico por el Tris-HCl 0.05 M (pH=7) y se introduce PVP (polivinilpirrolidona) en la síntesis. La naturaleza catiónica del Tris-HCl reduce las interacciones con la superficie positiva del ZIF-8, manteniendo su integridad en la estructura, mientras que la presencia de PVP conduce la nucleación del ZIF-8 favoreciendo un aumento en la proporción de los planos cristalinos superficiales más estables ({110}), lo cual mejora aún más su hidroestabilidad sin afectar la morfología del sistema. Las estructuras estabilizadas con PVP muestran una capacidad de carga máxima de 236.92 ± 0.38 µg de BSA por mg de Fe3O4@ZIF-8/PVP y una gran resistencia de inmovilización, sin la evidencia de lixiviación proteica. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencia directa respecto a que se debe realizar un cuidadoso análisis de los componentes del sistema tampón y la modificación de la superficie para garantizar la estabilidad de ZIF-8 evitando las transformaciones químicas o su hidrólisis, lo que podría limitar la aplicación de esta especie como soporte de inmovilización.

La dictadura, las formas de la represión y los estudios a escala local; Dictatorship, modes of repression and local studies Aguila, Gabriela Beatriz En sintonía con una tendencia muy visible en la renovación de la historiografía argentina de las últimas décadas, el desarrollo de la historia reciente como campo de estudios debe mucho al cambio de escala y a los abordajes centrados en lo local. Esto se ha verificado, entre otros temas y procesos, en las investigaciones sobre la última dictadura militar y sobre la violencia estatal y paraestatal. La preeminencia de miradas ´macro´ sobre el régimen militar y el dispar conocimiento sobre las dinámicas locales y regionales de la represión alentaron el desarrollo de indagaciones que optaron por achicar el foco del análisis hacia lo local, visibilizando actores, tramas sociales y lógicas políticas poco analizadas, iluminando en su singularidad modalidades, prácticas y efectos de la represión y poniendo en debate cronologías y formas canónicas de interpretar aquellos procesos históricos. Con el objetivo de dar cuenta de estos desarrollos y relevar sus aportes, este artículo pone el foco en el funcionamiento del régimen militar en el nivel municipal y los comportamientos sociales y, por otro lado, en el ejercicio de la represión a escala local, analizando también los archivos y las fuentes para el estudio de estas problemáticas.; According to a main trend in the renewal of Argentine historiography in the last decades, the development of recent history as a field of study owes much to the change in scale and local-centered approaches. This has been verified, among other issues and processes, in the investigations about the last military dictatorship and state and parastatal violence. The preeminence of “macro” views on the military regime and the dissimilar knowledge about the local and regional dynamics of the repression led to the development of research that focused on local perspectives, making visible actors, social plots and political process, illuminating in their singularity modalities, practices and effects of repression and putting in debate chronologies and canonical ways of interpreting those historical processes. In order to account for these developments and highlight their contributions, this article focuses on the functioning of the military regime at the municipal level and social behaviors and, on the other hand, on the exercise of repression at the local scale, analyzing also the archives and sources for the study of these problems.

¿Cuánto poder de negociación tiene un sindicato? Reflexiones a partir del análisis sectorial; How much bargaining power does a union have? Reflections based on the sectorial analysis Morris, María Belén; Barrera, Facundo; Beliera, Anabel Angélica; Fernández Massi, Mariana El concepto de poder de negociación sindical permite problematizar el accionar de los trabajadores y su resultado sobre la dinámica de los salarios. Recientemente, nuevas líneas de trabajo han buscado explorar las fuentes y resultados del poder sindical a partir de los conceptos de poder estructural y asociativo. Este artículo se inscribe en dicha línea a través de la siguiente pregunta ¿cómo influye el poder de los trabajadores y sus organizaciones en la negociación salarial? Para ello, comparamos las fuentes de poder del Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Alimentación, la Unión Obrera Metalúrgica de Argentina y la Unión de Obreros y Empleados del Plástico, para luego relacionarlas con el uso de dicho poder (conflictos salariales) y la dinámica de los acuerdos salariales rubricados entre los años 2011-2019. Se usan como fuentes de datos la Matriz Insumo-Producto (2004), los acuerdos salariales del período refrendados por el Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social (MTEySS), la base de datos de conflictos laborales elaborados por el MTEySS, y fuentes periodísticas. Mostraremos que la relación entre poder estructural y poder asociativo no es necesariamente lineal y que, en estos casos, el poder estructural tiene una importancia predominante en los resultados de la negociación salarial.; The concept of union bargaining power problematizes the actions of workers and their result on the dynamics of wages. Recently, new lines of work have explored the sources and results of union power based on the concepts of structural and associative power. In this direction, this article investigate: how does the power of workers and their organizations influence salary negotiations? Here we compare the sources of power of the Food Workers' Union, the Metallurgical Workers' Union of Argentina and the Union of Plastic Workers and Employees. Then, we relate them to the use of power (wage conflicts) and the dynamics of the wage agreements signed between them. 2011 and 2019. The national Input-Output Tables (2004), wage agreements endorsed by the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security (MTEySS), the database of labor conflicts (MTEySS), and journalistic press are used as data sources. We will show that the relationship between structural power and associative power is not necessarily linear and that, in these cases, structural power is predominant in the results of wage bargaining.

Spatially variable hydrologic impact and biomass production tradeoffs associated with Eucalyptus (E. grandis) cultivation for biofuel production in Entre Rios, Argentina Heidari, Azad; Watkins, David; Mayer, Alex; Propato, Tamara Sofía; Verón, Santiago Ramón; de Abelleyra, Diego Climate change and energy security promote using renewable sources of energy such as biofuels. High woody biomass production achieved from short-rotation intensive plantations is a strategy that is increasing in many parts of the world. However, broad expansion of bioenergy feedstock production may have significant environmental consequences. This study investigates the watershed-scale hydrological impacts of Eucalyptus (E. grandis) plantations for energy production in a humid subtropical watershed in Entre Rios province, Argentina. A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated for streamflow, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass production cycles. The model was used to simulate various Eucalyptus plantation scenarios that followed physically based rules for land use conversion (in various extents and locations in the watershed) to study hydrological effects, biomass production, and the green water footprint of energy production. SWAT simulations indicated that the most limiting factor for plant growth was shallow soils causing seasonal water stress. This resulted in a wide range of biomass productivity throughout the watershed. An optimization algorithm was developed to find the best location for Eucalyptus development regarding highest productivity with least water impact. E. grandis plantations had higher evapotranspiration rates compared to existing terrestrial land cover classes; therefore, intensive land use conversion to E. grandis caused a decline in streamflow, with January through March being the most affected months. October was the least-affected month hydrologically, since high rainfall rates overcame the canopy interception and higher ET rates of E. grandis in this month. Results indicate that, on average, producing 1 kg of biomass in this region uses 0.8 m3 of water, and the green water footprint of producing 1 m3 fuel is approximately 2150 m3 water, or 57 m3 water per GJ of energy, which is lower than reported values for wood-based ethanol, sugar cane ethanol, and soybean biodiesel.

Staphylococcus aureus Potentiates the Hemolytic Activity of Burkholderia cepacia Complex (Bcc) Bacteria Moriano, Alessandro; Serra, Diego Omar; Hoard, Amparo; Montaña, Sabrina Daiana; Degrossi, Jose; Bonomo, Robert A.; Papp-Wallace, Krisztina M.; Ramirez, Maria Soledad Polymicrobial lung infections in individuals with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) contribute to the complexity of this disease and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the CF community. The microorganisms most commonly associated with severe airway infections in individuals with CF are the opportunistic pathogens S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and bacteria from the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), particularly B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans. Three Bcc strains, two S. aureus wild-type strains, and two derivative mutants were used to investigate the interplay between S. aureus and Bcc with a focus on the hemolytic activity of Bcc. Our results revealed that extracellular products from S. aureus potentiated the hemolysis of Bcc strains. Moreover, this effect was influenced by the composition of the medium in which S. aureus is grown. These findings contribute towards the understanding of the impact of interactions between S. aureus and Bcc and their possible implications in the context of co-infections by these pathogens in individuals with CF.

Nucleotide-sugar metabolism in plants: the legacy of Luis F. Leloir Figueroa, Carlos Maria; Lunn, John E.; Iglesias, Alberto Alvaro This review commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Luis F. Leloir 'for his discovery of sugar-nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates'. He and his co-workers discovered that activated forms of simple sugars, such as UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, are essential intermediates in the interconversion of sugars. They elucidated the biosynthetic pathways for sucrose and starch, which are the major end-products of photosynthesis, and for trehalose. Trehalose 6-phosphate, the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis that they discovered, is now a molecule of great interest due to its function as a sugar signalling metabolite that regulates many aspects of plant metabolism and development. The work of the Leloir group also opened the doors to an understanding of the biosynthesis of cellulose and other structural cell wall polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins), and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Nucleotide-sugars also serve as sugar donors for a myriad of glycosyltransferases that conjugate sugars to other molecules, including lipids, phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and proteins, thereby modifying their biological activity. In this review, we highlight the diversity of nucleotide-sugars and their functions in plants, in recognition of Leloir's rich and enduring legacy to plant science.

Phylogenomic analysis for Campylobacter fetus ocurring in Argentina Farace, Pablo Daniel; Irazoqui, José Matías; Morsella, Claudia Graciela; García, Juan Agustín; Méndez, Maria Alejandra; Paolicchi, Fernando Alberto; Amadio, Ariel Fernando; Gioffré, Andrea Karina Background and Aim: Campylobacter fetus is one of the most important pathogens that severely affects livestock industry worldwide. C. fetus mediated bovine genital campylobacteriosis infection in cattle has been associated with significant economic losses in livestock production in the Pampas region, the most productive area of Argentina. The present study aimed to establish the genomic relationships between C. fetus strains, isolated from the Pampas region, at local and global levels. The study also explored the utility of multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) as a typing technique for C. fetus. Materials and Methods: For pangenome and phylogenetic analysis, whole genome sequences for 34 C. fetus strains, isolated from cattle in Argentina were downloaded from GenBank. A local maximum likelihood (ML) tree was constructed and linked to a Microreact project. In silico analysis based on MLST was used to obtain information regarding sequence type (ST) for each strain. For global phylogenetic analysis, a core genome ML‐tree was constructed using genomic dataset for 265 C. fetus strains, isolated from various sources obtained from 20 countries. Results: The local core genome phylogenetic tree analysis described the presence of two major clusters (A and B) and one minor cluster (C). The occurrence of 82% of the strains in these three clusters suggested a clonal population structure for C. fetus. The MLST analysis for the local strains revealed that 31 strains were ST4 type and one strain was ST5 type. In addition, a new variant was identified that was assigned a novel ST, ST70. In the present case, ST4 was homogenously distributed across all the regions and clusters. The global analysis showed that most of the local strains clustered in the phylogenetic groups that comprised exclusively of the strains isolated from Argentina. Interestingly, three strains showed a close genetic relationship with bovine strains obtained from Uruguay and Brazil. The ST5 strain grouped in a distant cluster, with strains obtained from different sources from various geographic locations worldwide. Two local strains clustered in a phylogenetic group comprising intercontinental Campylobacter fetus venerealis strains. Conclusion: The results of the study suggested active movement of animals, probably due to economic trade between different regions of the country as well as with neighboring countries. MLST results were partially concordant with phylogenetic analysis. Thus, this method did not qualify as a reliable subtyping method to assess C. fetus diversity in Argentina. The present study provided a basic platform to conduct future research on C. fetus, both at local and international levels.

Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Profiles in Chronic Hypertension by Single or Sequentially Combined Renovascular and DOCA-Salt Treatments Cerrudo, Carolina Susana; Cavallero, Carmen Susana; Rodríguez Fermepin, Martin; González, Germán Esteban; Donato, Pablo Martín; Kouyoumdzian, Nicolás Martín; Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge; Hertig, Cecilia Margarita; Choi, Marcelo Roberto; Fernandez, Belisario Enrique The involvement of natriuretic peptides was studied during the hypertrophic remodeling transition mediated by sequential exposure to chronic hemodynamic overload. We induced hypertension in rats by pressure (renovascular) or volume overload (DOCA-salt) during 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. We also studied the consecutive combination of both models in inverse sequences: RV 6 weeks/DS 6 weeks and DS 6 weeks/RV 6 weeks. All treated groups developed hypertension. Cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular ANP gene expression were more pronounced in single DS than in single RV groups. BNP gene expression was positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in RV groups, while ANP gene expression was positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in DS groups. Combined models exhibited intermediate values between those of single groups at 6 and 12 weeks. The latter stimulus associated to the second applied overload is less effective than the former to trigger cardiac hypertrophy and to increase ANP and BNP gene expression. In addition, we suggest a correlation of ANP synthesis with volume overload and of BNP synthesis with pressure overload-induced hypertrophy after a prolonged treatment. Volume and pressure overload may be two mechanisms, among others, involved in the differential regulation of ANP and BNP gene expression in hypertrophied left ventricles. Plasma ANP levels reflect a response to plasma volume increase and volume overload, while circulating BNP levels seem to be regulated by cardiac BNP synthesis and ventricular hypertrophy.

Evaluation of changes in spatial pattern of metals pollution in surface water using multivariate analysis: case study an urban basin from Buenos Aires, Argentina Tripodi, Mariel Alejandra; Cueto, Gerardo Ruben; Suarez, Olga Virginia The goal of this paper was to analyze changes in the spatial pattern of metals in water and determining the factors that may be associated with that distribution using the asymmetric eigenvector maps and redundancy analyses in the Matanza Riachuelo river (MRR), Argentina. Data from 2008 and 2014 of metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb), water quality parameters and land cover variables from 38 samplings sites in the MRR were collected. The results obtained showed that the general spatial pattern of distribution of all the metals analyzed did not differ between both years and that the water flow was a factor that structured the distribution of metals in the river. The present study showed the utility of using these multivariate analyses to assess the dynamics of the spatial distribution of a group of metals in an urban basin.

Effect of the intensification of cropping sequences on soil organic carbon and its stratification ratio in contrasting environments Crespo, Cecilia; Wyngaard, Nicolás; Sainz Rozas, Hernan Rene; Studdert, Guillermo Alberto; Barraco, Mirian Raquel; Gudelj, Vicente; Barbagelata, Pedro Aníbal; Barbieri, Pablo Andres In environments where continuous agriculture leads to soil organic carbon (SOC) depletion, intensification practices (i.e. polyculture, cover crops (CC), and crop fertilization) have been suggested as strategies to improve crop residue inputs which, in turn, can increase SOC storage. However, SOC dynamics are regulated by a complex interplay of climatic and soil conditions. The objective of our study was to assess how intensification practices affect SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC) and SOC stratification ratio (SRSOC) as compared to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] monoculture, in soils with contrasting soil properties and climate. The experiment was carried out in four long term experiments (>10 yr) located in areas with contrasting environments. The surface soil textures ranged from sandy-loam to silty-clay and clay-loam, initial SOC (0–20 cm) from 34.5 to 67.8 Mg ha−1, mean air temperature: 14.0–18.9 °C, annual precipitation: 719.8–886.1 mm. Five treatments were evaluated: soybean monoculture (SB), soybean monoculture fertilized with phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) (SBPS), CC/PS-fertilized soybean (SBPS/CC), nitrogen (N)-fertilized CC/PS-fertilized soybean (SBPS/CCN) and NPS-fertilized crop rotation (ROTNPS). Intensification of crop sequences (SBPS/CC, SBPS/CCN and/or ROTNPS) increased SOC and POC at 0–5 cm and in SRSOC in most sites as compared to SB. All treatments showed SOC depletion as compared to the beginning of the experiment. However, the magnitude of SOC lost during 10 years was 26–65% lower when intensified crop sequences were applied as compared with SB. Carbon input and environment characteristics influenced the impact of intensification practices on the analyzed variables. However, this effect was mostly associated with the ratio between SOC at the beginning of the experiment and the SOC of pristine soil (degradation status). The intensification practices evaluated were not sufficient to reverse the tendency of agricultural soils to lose SOC, but they slowed the rate of this degradation process.