From town to town: Predicting the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of birds using NDVI Leveau, Lucas Matias; Isla, Federico Ignacio; Bellocq, Maria Isabel Biodiversity mapping in urban areas is imperative for their conservation. Remote sensors produce environmental information, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), an indicator of vegetation cover in urban areas. NDVI can be used to predict the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic bird diversity in urban areas. Moreover, a predictive model constructed in one city can be used to predict the bird diversity in other cities. The objectives of this study were: 1) to construct and evaluate predictive models between NDVI and taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of birds in Mar del Plata city, Argentina; and 2) to extrapolate these models to two other cities in the region: Balcarce and Miramar. Generalized additive models were applied to relate bird diversity variations to NDVI. In Mar del Plata, the taxonomic and functional diversity increased with increasing NDVI values, and the predictive models explained 64–81% of the taxonomic and functional diversity variation. The models correctly predicted taxonomic and functional diversity values in additional transects not included in the models, although they had a low predictive power of phylogenetic diversity. The models constructed in Mar del Plata adequately predicted the spatial variation of species diversity (Shannon index) in Balcarce and Miramar, the spatial variation of species richness in Balcarce, and the variation of functional diversity in Miramar. Our analysis revealed that a predictive model of bird diversity based on NDVI patterns created in one city can also depict the expected species diversity in other cities, being a time-saving and cost-effective method to create a tool for urban biodiversity conservation.

Entre el plan nacional de inclusión digital educativa (PNIDE) y el plan aprender conectados (PAC): las voces de los actores territoriales y escolares; Between the national plan for digital inclusion in education (PNIDE) and the plan learn connected: the voices of territorial and school actors Quintana, Rocío; Mamani, Gonzalo Ricardo En este artículo nos proponemos indagar en una primera parte, las rupturas y las continuidades en la dimensión programática de dos políticas públicas educativas que marcaron el fin y el comienzo de proyectos políticos diferentes en nuestro país: el Plan Nacional de Inclusión Digital Educativa (en adelante PNIDE), lanzado en 2015 durante el gobierno de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, y el Plan Aprender Conectados, lanzado en 2018 durante el gobierno nacional de Mauricio Macri. En una segunda parte, describir las voces de los diferentes actores territoriales y escolares que intervienen en la implementación de la política públicas en las instituciones educativas.; In this article we propose to investigate, in the first part, the ruptures and continuities in the programmatic dimension of two public educational policies that marked the end and the beginning of different political projects in our country: the National Plan for Educational Digital Inclusion, launched in 2015 during the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, and the Plan Learn Connected, launched in 2018 during the national government of Mauricio Macri. In a second part, we will explore the voices of the different territorial and school actors that intervene in the implementation of public policies in educational institutions.

Effects of agricultural pesticides on the reproductive system of aquatic wildlife species, with crocodilians as sentinel species Tavalieri, Yamil Ezequiel; Galoppo, Germán Hugo; Canesini, Guillermina; Luque, Enrique Hugo; Muñoz de Toro, Monica Milagros Agricultural pesticides represent a significant class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to which non-target organisms around the world are constantly exposed. Laboratory studies have found strong evidence showing the endocrine-disruptive potential of these pesticides at environmentally relevant exposure levels. Since the field of endocrine disruption continues to grow in richness and complexity, this review aims to provide an update on the effects of two agricultural pesticides that act as EDCs: atrazine and endosulfan. We will focus mainly on the effects on crocodilians due to their worldwide occurrence in tropical and sub-tropical wetland ecosystems and their ecological and physiological features, which render them vulnerable to exposure to pesticides with endocrine-disrupting action at all life stages. The results here reviewed provide important insights into the effects of hormonally active agricultural pesticides at cellular, tissue, and organ levels in the reproductive system of crocodiles. A better understanding of the effects of exposure to environmentally relevant doses of EDCs on the reproductive system of crocodilians will contribute to protect and improve the health of both wildlife species and humans.

Perinatal exposure to Bisphenol A disturbs the early differentiation of male germ cells Pagotto, Romina María del Luján; Santamaría, Clarisa Guillermina; Harreguy, María Belén; Abud, Julián Elías; Zenclussen, Maria Laura; Kass, Laura; Crispo, Martina; Muñoz de Toro, Monica Milagros; Rodriguez, Horacio Adolfo; Bollati Fogolín, Mariela Understanding the effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on early germ cell differentiation and their consequences in adult life is an area of growing interest in the field of endocrine disruption. Herein, we investigate whether perinatal exposure to BPA affects the differentiation of male germ cells in early life using a transgenic mouse expressing the GFP reporter protein under the Oct4 promoter. In this model, the expression of GFP reflects the expression of the Oct4 gene. This pluripotency gene is required to maintain the spermatogonial stem cells in an undifferentiated stage. Thus, GFP expression was used as a parameter to evaluate the effect of BPA on early germ cell development. Female pregnant transgenic mice were exposed to BPA by oral gavage, from embryonic day 5.5 to postnatal day 7 (PND7). The effects of BPA on male germ cell differentiation were evaluated at PND7, while sperm quality, testicular morphology, and protein expression of androgen receptor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were studied at PND130. We found that perinatal/lactational exposure to BPA up-regulates the expression of Oct4-driven GFP in testicular cells at PND7. This finding suggests a higher proportion of undifferentiated spermatogonia in BPA-treated animals compared with non-exposed mice. Moreover, in adulthood, the number of spermatozoa per epididymis was reduced in those animals perinatally exposed to BPA. This work shows that developmental exposure to BPA disturbed the normal differentiation of male germ cells early in life, mainly by altering the expression of Oct4 and exerted long-lasting sequelae at the adult stage, affecting sperm count and testis.

Bisphenol A and benzophenone-3 exposure alters milk protein expression and its transcriptional regulation during functional differentiation of the mammary gland in vitro Altamirano, Gabriela Anahí; Gomez, Ayelen Luciana; Schierano Marotti, Gonzalo; Muñoz de Toro, Monica Milagros; Rodriguez, Horacio Adolfo; Kass, Laura The plastic monomer and plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA), and the UV-filter benzophenone-3 (BP3) have been shown to have estrogenic activities that could alter mammary gland development. Our aim was to analyze whether BPA or BP3 direct exposure affects the functional differentiation of the mammary gland using an in vitro model. Mammary organoids were obtained and isolated from 8 week-old virgin female C57BL/6 mice and were differentiated on Matrigel with medium containing lactogenic hormones and exposed to: a) vehicle (0.01% ethanol); b) 1 × 10−9 M or 1 × 10−6 M BPA; or c) 1 × 10−12 M, 1 × 10−9 M or 1 × 10−6 M BP3 for 72 h. The mRNA and protein expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and progesterone receptor (PR) were assessed. In addition, mRNA levels of PR-B isoform, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and Stat5a, and protein expression of pStat5a/b were evaluated at 72 h. The mRNA and protein expression of milk proteins and their DNA methylation status were also analyzed. Although mRNA level of PRLR and GR was similar between treatments, mRNA expression of ESR1, total PR, PR-B and Stat5a was increased in organoids exposed to 1 × 10−9 M BPA and 1 × 10−12 M BP3. Total PR expression was also increased with 1 × 10−6 M BPA. Nuclear ESR1 and PR expression was observed in all treated organoids; whereas nuclear pStat5a/b alveolar cells was observed only in organoids exposed to 1 × 10−9 M BPA and 1 × 10−12 M BP3. The beta-casein mRNA level was increased in both BPA concentrations and 1 × 10−12 M BP3, which was associated with hypomethylation of its promoter. The beta-casein protein expression was only increased with 1 × 10−9 M BPA or 1 × 10−12 M BP3. In contrast, BPA exposure decreased alpha-lactalbumin mRNA expression and increased DNA methylation level in different methylation-sensitive sites of the gene. Also, 1 × 10−9 M BPA decreased alpha-lactalbumin protein expression. Our results demonstrate that BPA or BP3 exposure alters milk protein synthesis and its transcriptional regulation during mammary gland differentiation in vitro.

Preparation and evaluation of caffeine bioadhesive emulgels for cosmetic applications based on formulation design using QbD tools de Lafuente, Yanina; Ochoa-Andrade, A.; Parente, M. E.; Palena, María Celeste; Jimenez Kairuz, Alvaro Federico The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of caffeine as a model active ingredient on the quality attributes of a bioadhesive emulgel formulation previously optimized by Quality by Design (QbD) tools. Emulgels are emerging topical drug delivery systems for cosmetic or pharmaceutical uses, which combine the advantages of both emulsions and gels. Methods: In this work, the observed and predicted values for spreadability, phase separation by centrifugation and detachment forces performed by texturometer were compared with those of the control and active-containing emulgel formulations. In addition, rheological properties, release of caffeine and comparative in vitro/ex vivo bioadhesion properties were evaluated using human skin. Results: The flow curves of emulgel formulations showed the typical pseudoplastic and no thixotropic flow with yield stress. The incorporation of active ingredient did not produce significant changes. All emulgels were uniformly spread and no significant differences in spreadability values between control and caffeine containing formulations and neither respect to those predicted values from experimental design optimization were found. Emulgel formulations showed appropriate detachment forces values and no significant differences between caffeine loading and control emulgel formulations were observed. Conclusion: Caffeine was successfully vehiculized in this optimized bioadhesive emulgel formulation, which showed high robustness regarding the process variability. There were no significant changes in the critical quality attributes after the incorporation of the active ingredient and a promising stability was observed for at least one year. Results suggested that the optimized emulgel is an interesting topical biodhesive delivery system for cosmetic applications, including agents for skin conditioning, not present in gels formulations.

Differentiation of non-aureus staphylococci species isolated from bovine mastitis by PCR-RFLP of groEL and gap genes in comparison to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry Conesa, Agustin; Dieser, Silvana Andrea; Barberis, Claudia; Bonetto, Cesar; Lasagno, Mirta; Vay, Carlos; Odierno, Liliana; Porporatto, Carina; Raspanti, Claudia Intramammary infections (IMI) cause serious economic losses for farmers and the dairy industry. Cases of subclinical mastitis are commonly the result of infection by minor pathogens such as non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), so their correct identification is important for appropriate therapeutic intervention and management. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the groEL and gap genes to discriminate between bovine-associated NAS species, using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as the reference method. MALDI-TOF MS was able to correctly identify 112 NAS isolates from bovine IMI at species level out of a total of 115 (97.4%). These results were considered definitive and thus compared with those from the PCR-RFLP analyses. Only 50% (56/112) of the samples classified through groEL PCR-RFLP matched the molecular identity determined by MALDI-TOF MS, whereas coincidence rose to 96.4% (108/112) when comparing results from gap PCRRFLP and the spectral analysis. This study demonstrates that gap PCR-RFLP is a useful and reliable tool for the identification of NAS species isolated from bovine mastitis.

Cluster analysis for granular mechanics simulations using machine learning algorithms; Análisis de clústeres para simulaciones de mecánica granular mediante algoritmos de aprendizaje automático Rim, Daniela Noemí; Millán, Emmanuel Nicolás; Planes, María Belén; Bringa, Eduardo Marcial; Moyano, Luis Gregorio Las simulaciones de dinámica molecular (MD) en colisiones de granos permiten incorporar propiedades complejas de interacciones de polvo. Realizamos simulaciones de colisiones de granos porosos, cada uno con muchas partículas, utilizando el software LAMMPS de MD. Las simulaciones consistieron en un grano de proyectil que golpeó un grano objetivo inmóvil más grande, con diferentes velocidades de impacto. La desventaja de este método es el gran costo computacional debido a que se modela una gran cantidad de partículas. Machine Learning (ML) tiene el poder de manipular grandes datos y construir modelos predictivos que podrían reducir los tiempos de simulación MD. Usando algoritmos ML (Support Vector Machine y Random Forest) podemos predecir el resultado de las simulaciones MD con respecto a la formación de fragmentos, después de varios pasos más pequeños que en las simulaciones MD habituales. Logramos una reducción de tiempo de al menos un 46%, para una precisión del 90%. Estos resultados muestran que SVM y RF pueden ser herramientas poderosas pero simples para reducir el costo computacional en simulaciones de fragmentación de colisiones.; Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations on grain collisions allow to incorporate complex properties of dust interactions. We performed simulations of collisions of porous grains, each with many particles, using the MD software LAMMPS. The simulations consisted of a projectile grain striking a larger immobile target grain, with different impact velocities. The disadvantage of this method is the large computational cost due to a large number of particles being modeled. Machine Learning (ML) has the power to manipulate large data and build predictive models that could reduce MD simulation times. Using ML algorithms (Support Vector Machine and Random Forest), we are able to predict the outcome of MD simulations regarding fragment formation after a number of steps smaller than in usual MD simulations. We achieved a time reduction of at least 46%, for 90% accuracy. These results show that SVM and RF can be powerful yet simple tools to reduce computational cost in collision fragmentation simulations.

Construcción de ecosistemas de aprendizaje en clases de consulta en formación superior Foresto, Emiliano; Manavella, Agustina Maria; Martin, Rocío Belén En esta investigación se han descrito los rasgos que caracterizan a las clases de consulta universitarias e institutos terciarios. Si bien dichos espacios no se encuentran dentro del currículum prescripto, sí figuran en los mensajes que los docentes fijan en las carteleras. La participación en las clases de consulta es un tanto arbitraria: los días, horarios y espacios en que se ofrecen son fijados por cada docente. La metodología fue un estudio de caso múltiple. Participaron siete docentes pertenecientes a diversas universidades e institutos terciarios de Río Cuarto, Sampacho y Villa Mercedes y diez estudiantes que asistieron a las clases de consulta. Los datos fueron recabados a través de observaciones no participantes y entrevistas individuales y semi-estructuradas. Los resultados muestran la relevancia en la construcción colaborativa de habilidades profesionales y socio-emocionales, la autonomía de trabajo, el aprendizaje a partir de problemas genuinos, la construcción de procesos identitarios y de metas compartidas. Estos rasgos, sumados a las particularidades de los métodos de enseñanza, el lugar en el que se llevan a cabo las clases de consulta y los tiempos de duración, permiten pensar en la complejidad que atraviesan estos ámbitos de aprendizaje.INDEX: Latindex Catálogo.

Bentonite-composite polyvinyl alcohol/alginate hydrogel beads: Preparation, characterization and their use as arsenic removal devices Baigorria, Estefanía; Cano, Leonardo Andres; Sanchez, Laura Mabel; Alvarez, Vera Alejandra; Ollier Primiano, Romina Paola Arsenic (As) is a major source of water contamination that has both natural and anthropogenic origins, so that, to remove it from water is a relevant topic. Taking into account the ease of operation, the cost of processing and the required instrumentation, adsorption processes could be considered as very convenient alternative technologies for water remediation. The present research work is focused on the development and characterization of eco-friendly polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alginate (Alg) hydrogel beads containing natural bentonite (Bent) as potential useful devices for As removal from polluted water. Composite beads with different PVA/Alg proportions (75/25 and 50/50) with and without 30 wt.% Bent were prepared by ionic gelation. The obtained beads were thoroughly characterized by means of thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), crosslinking degree by evaluating the gel fraction (GF), the capacity of swelling, morphological aspects (by Scanning Electron Microscopy), functional groups and interactions (by FTIR) and finally, the performance of the beads as arsenic adsorbent was tested by treating batch aqueous solutions. Morphological investigations showed that wet beads were highly porous and spherical. Moreover, the beads with the highest PVA content absorbed higher amounts of water whereas the incorporation of clay to the hydrogels produced a reduction on the swelling degree and an increase of GF. The adsorption behavior of the pearls towards As was studied in terms of PVA/Alg ratio, clay loading and contact time. The results clearly demonstrated that the clay inclusion plays a key role in the As removal since unfilled PVA/Alg beads were not able to remove it. The FTIR spectra of beads after As removal show the partial migration of the components of the beads, which can be associated with the intermediate crosslinking degree and almost amorphous state within the matrix.

Characterization of surface films on constructional steel in carbonated media containing chloride and nitrite ions Frontini, María Alejandra; Gomez Sanchez, Andrea Valeria; Guidoni, G.M.; Vazquez, Marcela Vivian; Valcarce, María Beatriz The inhibition effect of NaNO2 on the electronic properties of the passive film was investigated for carbon steel exposed to solutions of pH = 13 and pH = 9 keeping the ratio [inhibitor]/[chloride]=1. Cyclic voltammograms, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky plots and X-ray photoelectron spectra were analyzed. Steel is passive at pH=13 and active at pH=9 (carbonated solutions). Passivity can be regained in carbonated solutions when nitrite ions are also present. The thickness and composition of the surface films depend on alkalinity. Both films behave as n-type semiconductors. Donor density values are similar for films grown in solutions containing nitrite ions, regardless of the presence of carbonate ions and the difference in alkalinity. Nitrite ions inhibit pitting in both solutions, although the difference between pitting and open circuit potentials is 2.7 times higher at pH=13. Donor density values cannot be used as the single parameter to evaluate pitting risk.

Milicias provinciales y ejércitos nacionales: las dimensiones simbólicas en la construcción de las identidades políticas en Tucumán y el norte argentino durante la guerra contra la Confederación Perú-boliviana (1837-1839) Parrado, Emmanuel El presente artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis simbólico de losbatallones de milicias provinciales pertenecientes a la Confederación argentinadestinados a combatir en la guerra contra la Confederación Perú-boliviana (1837-1839). Constituye una oportunidad para analizar el comportamiento soberano deTucumán y las provincias del norte argentino y su inserción en la políticanacional durante el liderazgo político de Juan Manuel de Rosas en el Río de laPlata. Mediante el estudio de las identidades políticas, la hipótesis considera quelas denominaciones de las milicias provinciales se ligaron a la tradición federal ylas mismas adquirieron un carácter simbólico nacional al momento detrasladarse a territorio enemigo para combatir contra un ejército extranjero.

Spatio-temporal variation of predatory hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and their relationship with aphids in organic horticultural crops in la plata, buenos aires Variación espacio-temporal de sírfidos depredadores (Diptera: syrphidae) y su asociación con áfidos en cultivos hortícolas orgánicos de la plata, buenos aires; Variación espacio-temporal de sírfidos depredadores (Diptera: Syrphidae) y su asociación con áfidos en cultivos hortícolas orgánicos de La Plata, Buenos Aire Diaz Lucas, María F.; Passareli, Lilián M.; Maza, Noelia; Aquino, Daniel A.; Greco, Nancy M.; Rocco, Margarita Las variaciones poblacionales de sírfidos depredadores en los agroecosistemasdependen principalmente de los recursos ofrecidos por los cultivos y la vegetación silvestre,así como de la mortalidad causada por sus enemigos naturales. En este trabajoidentificamos I) las especies de sírfidos afidófagos en lechuga y brócoli, II) las variacionesestacionales de los estados inmaduros y el parasitismo larval, y III) las plantas aledañas a loscultivos más visitadas. Se registraron los estados inmaduros de los sírfidos y los áfidoscolectando quincenalmente 30 hojas al azar en cada cultivo durante 2018-2019. Los adultosde sírfidos registrados por observación directa durante 10 minutos en parches de vegetaciónsilvestre, fueron colectados manualmente y se determinaron las plantas visitadas. Lossírfidos fueron Allograpta exotica Wiedemann y Toxomerus duplicatus Wiedemann;solamente la primera especie fue registrada en los cultivos. Los áfidos más abundantesfueron Myzus persicae (Sulzer) en lechuga y Brevycorine brassicae (L.) en brócoli. Elparasitismo larval varió entre 8 y 100%, registrándose Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius) enambos cultivos, y Pachyneuron aff. nelsoni solo en brócoli. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. yMatricaria chamomilla L. fueron las plantas silvestres más visitadas. Estos conocimientosson relevantes para el control biológico de áfidos por sírfidos en el marco del controlbiológico por conservación.; Population variations of predatory hoverflies in agroecosystems depend mainly on the resources that crops and wild vegetation provides them as well as death caused by natural enemies. We identified I) aphidophagous hoverfly species in lettuce and broccoli crops in Buenos Aires, II) the seasonal variations of the immature stages and their larval parasitism, and III) the wild plants, surrounding the crops, visited by adults. Fortnightly, 30 leaves were randomly selected in both crops during 2018-2019 and immature stages of syrphids and aphids per leaf were recorded. Adults were manually collected in patches of the wild plants (during 10 min of direct observations), and plants visited by adults were determined. The hoverflies were Allograpta exotica Wiedemann and Toxomerus duplicatus Wiedemann. Only A. exotica was recorded in crops. The dominant aphids were Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in lettuce and Brevycorine brassicae (L.) in broccoli. Parasitism rates ranged between 8 and 100% and the species were Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius), in both crops, and Pachyneuron aff. nelsoni only in broccoli. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. and Matricaria chamomilla L. were the wild plants most often visited by hoverflies. This work provides basic information for the control of aphids by hoverflies in the framework of conservation biological control

Biophotonics. Fluorescence and replectance in living organisms Lagorio, María Gabriela; Cordon, Gabriela Beatriz; Iriel, Analia; Romero, Juan Manuel; Faivovich, Julián; Taboada, Carlos The light that emerges from a biological entity is relevant from many aspects. In thefirst place, it allows the construction of the organism?s image and consequently itis responsible for visual perception and communication. Secondly, it can becomean important tool in obtaining both physiological and chemical information fromthe observed entity, in a non-destructive way. When an organism is illuminated,the non-absorbed energy emerges as transmitted or reflected light. Additionally,fluorescence, phosphorescence or bioluminescence may be emitted. In ourresearch group, we have studied and modelled the light released as reflectanceand fluorescence for different biological systems like flowers, fruits, plant leaves,canopies, bird?s plumage and amphibians. In this review, we present the advances we have made in this area. They rangefrom the development of theoretical approaches to the implementation of optical methodologies for practical applications.The analysis of light interaction with biological material, which is the domain of biophotonics, has recently acquired greatimportance in view of the increasing use of optical techniques to the study of living tissues. However, the interpretationof the photophysical and spectroscopic properties of these systems is usually complicated by several factors: elevatedchromophore?s concentration, optical inhomogeneity, multi-scattering of photons and presence of multi-layered structuresin most cases. Because of these, the accurate modelling of the interaction with light helps to avoid artifacts and to betterinterpret the processes that take place. Physical models used in the analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves andcanopies with application in remote sensing, optical methodologies for food control and quantification of fluorescence in vivofor evaluation of its biological relevance are examples of the use of the emission of light and will be presented in this review.

NADPH oxidase and mitochondria are relevant sources of superoxide anion in the oxinflammatory response of macrophages exposed to airborne particulate matter Cáceres, Lourdes; Paz, Mariela Laura; Garcés, Mariana; Calabró López, María Valeria; Magnani, Natalia Daniela; Martinefski, Manuela; Martino Adami, Pamela Victoria; Caltana, Laura Romina; Tasat, Deborah; Morelli, Laura; Tripodi, Valeria Paula; Valacchi, Giuseppe; Alvarez, Silvia; Gonzalez Maglio, Daniel Horacio; Marchini, Timoteo Oscar; Evelson, Pablo Andrés Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. In this context, alveolar macrophages exhibit proinflammatory and oxidative responses as a result of the clearance of particles, thus contributing to lung injury. However, the mechanisms linking these pathways are not completely clarified. Therefore, the oxinflammation phenomenon was studied in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA), a PM surrogate rich in transition metals. While cell viability was not compromised under the experimental conditions, a proinflammatory phenotype was observed in cells incubated with ROFA 100 μg/mL, characterized by increased levels of TNF-α and NO production, together with PM uptake. This inflammatory response seems to precede alterations in redox metabolism, characterized by augmented levels of H2O2, diminished GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased SOD activity. This scenario resulted in increased oxidative damage to phospholipids. Moreover, alterations in mitochondrial respiration were observed following ROFA incubation, such as diminished coupling efficiency and spare respiratory capacity, together with augmented proton leak. These findings were accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria were identified as the main sources of superoxide anion ([Formula presented]) in our model. These results indicate that PM exposure induces direct activation of macrophages, leading to inflammation and increased reactive oxygen species production through NOX and mitochondria, which impairs antioxidant defense and may cause mitochondrial dysfunction.

Arquitectura y política en la historia reciente de la arquitectura argentina, un estado de la cuestión para volver sobre los años sesenta y setenta Durante, Maria Eugenia El proceso de politización de los intelectuales en los años sesenta y setenta en Argentina permeó en el campo arquitectónico, donde profesionales y estudiantes se involucraron en las luchas de los movimientos sociales y buscaron dar un nuevo sentido político a sus prácticas y saberes. Ante esto, la historia de la arquitectura local adoptó la hipótesis de la disolución de la disciplina, lo que no permitió visibilizar cuáles fueron los desafíos y dilemas que enfrentó esta generación. Este artículo busca aportar a una historiografía de la historia reciente de la arquitectura argentina que aporte a problematizar la relación de la arquitectura y la política, entre las prácticas profesionales y las prácticas militantes. Se recurre a autores tradicionales de la historia de la arquitectura local y a estudios recientes que se vinculan a la historia de los intelectuales y el movimiento estudiantil en arquitectura y en otros campos disciplinares.; The politicization of intellectuals in the 1960s and 1970s in Argentina permeated the architectural field, where professionals and students became involved in the struggles of social movements, and sought to give a new political meaning to their practices and knowledge. However, the history of local architecture adopted the hypothesis of the dissolution of the discipline, which did not make it possible to make visible what were the challenges and dilemmas that this generation went through. This article seeks to contribute to a historiography of the recent history of Argentine architecture that contributes to problematizing the relationship between architecture and politics, between professional practices and militant practices. This work studies the traditional authors of the history of local architecture and recent studies linked to the history of intellectuals and the student movement in architecture and other disciplinary fields.

FXYD protein isoforms differentially modulate human Na/K pump function Meyer, Dylan J.; Bijlani, Sharan; de Sautu, Marilina; Spontarelli, Kerri; Young, Victoria C.; Gatto, Craig; Artigas, Pablo Tight regulation of the Na/K pump is essential for cellular function because this heteromeric protein builds and maintains the electrochemical gradients for Na+ and K+ that energize electrical signaling and secondary active transport. We studied the regulation of the ubiquitous human α1β1 pump isoform by five human FXYD proteins normally located in muscle, kidney, and neurons. The function of Na/K pump α1β1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without FXYD isoforms was evaluated using two-electrode voltage clamp and patch clamp. Through evaluation of the partial reactions in the absence of K+ but presence of Na+ in the external milieu, we demonstrate that each FXYD subunit alters the equilibrium between E1P(3Na) and E2P, the phosphorylated conformations with Na+ occluded and free from Na+, respectively, thereby altering the apparent affinity for Na+. This modification of Na+ interaction shapes the small effects of FXYD proteins on the apparent affinity for external K+ at physiological Na+. FXYD6 distinctively accelerated both the Na+-deocclusion and the pump-turnover rates. All FXYD isoforms altered the apparent affinity for intracellular Na+ in patches, an effect that was observed only in the presence of intracellular K+. Therefore, FXYD proteins alter the selectivity of the pump for intracellular ions, an effect that could be due to the altered equilibrium between E1 and E2, the two major pump conformations, and/or to small changes in ion affinities that are exacerbated when both ions are present. Lastly, we observed a drastic reduction of Na/K pump surface expression when it was coexpressed with FXYD1 or FXYD6, with the former being relieved by injection of PKA's catalytic subunit into the oocyte. Our results indicate that a prominent effect of FXYD1 and FXYD6, and plausibly other FXYDs, is the regulation of Na/K pump trafficking.

Fermentation as an alternative process for the development of bioinsecticides Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz; Achimón, Fernanda; Brito, Vanessa Daniela; Zygadlo, Julio Alberto Currently, insect pest control is carried out through the application of synthetic insecticides which have been related to harmful effects on both human and environmental health, as well as to the development of resistant pest populations. In this context, the development of newand natural insecticides is necessary. Agricultural and forestry waste or by‐products are very low‐cost substrates that can be converted by microorganisms into useful value‐added bioactive products through fermentation processes. In this review we discuss recent discoveries of compounds obtained from fermented substrates along with their insecticidal, antifeedant, and repellent activities. Fermentation products obtained from agricultural and forestry waste are described indetail. The fermentation of the pure secondary metabolite such as terpenes and phenols is also included.

Efecto antialimentario de extractos vegetales sobre la plaga avícola alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: tenebrionidae): Un estudio exploratorio; Antifeedant effect of plant extracts on the poultry pest Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): An exploratory study Fernández, Nahuel Federico; Defagó, María Teresa; Palacios, Sara Maria; Arena, Julieta Soledad En este estudio exploratorio se evaluó la actividad antialimentaria de nueve extractos etanólicos de plantas nativas de la región central de Argentina sobre Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer)(Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae), buscando alternativas de manejo de bajo impacto ambiental para esta plaga.; In this exploratory study, the antifeedant activity of ethanolic extracts of nine plants native from central region of Argentina on Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was evaluated, looking for low environmental impact management alternatives. Adults of A. diaperinus were exposed to food treated with the extracts to assess whether feeding behaviour and survival were altered. None of the extracts affected adult survival. However, the extracts of Gaillardia megapotamica, Vernonanthura nudiflora, Baccharis artemisioides, Lithraea molleoides, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia had a strong antifeedant effect (92-96%). The other extracts evaluated slightly affected (50-55%) the food consumption. The extracts of G. megapotamica and B. artemisioides were administered with the food to the fifth larval stage to assess whether they affect survival, feeding behaviour, and weight of immature forms. The B. artemisioides extract generated a marked deterrent effect of feeding on the larvae (76%) during the first week of experimentation, although the effect weakened over time. On the other hand, G. megapotamica produced a moderate deterrent effect (41-74%) throughout the experiment. The extracts also affected weight, survival, and number of larval exuviae in relation to the control.

Eficacia antioxidante de extractos de subproductos de la industria oleaginosa en aceite de chía y en modelo de emulsión o/w Jalil Ramallo, M. V.; Bertolino, C. L.; Martinez, Marcela Lilian; Maestri, Damian; Bodoira, Romina Mariana Se estudiaron extractos secos (ES) ricos en compuestos fenólicos de tegumento de maní (ETM) y de harina de sésamo (EHS), obtenidos mediante agua-etanol subcríticos. Los mismos fueron evaluados como agentes antioxidantes en aceite de chía (Rancimat -100 °C) y en emulsión ácida O/W (40 °C-15 días), comparando su accionar con TBHQ. Previamente se caracterizaron mediante el contenido de fenoles totales (ETM: 520 y EHS: 120 mg AG/g ES); DPPH (EC50 ETM 4.97 y EHS 82.83 μg ES/mL); FRAP (EC50 ETM 0.36 y EHS 3.64 μg ES/mL) y -caroteno-linoleico (%AA ETM 40.76 % y EHS 22 %). En presencia de ETM, la estabilidad del aceite de chía aumentó significativamente (75-85 %) y la respuesta fue dependiente de la concentración. En el ensayo de almacenamiento de las emulsiones O / W, el control sin ningún antioxidante alcanzó un índice de peróxidos (IP) de 86 meq O2 / kg de aceite a los 15 días, mientras que las emulsiones con ETM apenas superaron 15 meq O2 / kg. Utilizando 6000 ppm de ETM se disminuyó la velocidad de reacción más de un 50 %. En el caso de EHS, aumentó la estabilidad del aceite de chía, en menor proporción que el ETM (52-59 %), sin embargo en emulsiones O/W demostró un comportamiento prooxidante. Los diferentes resultados en ambas matrices pueden justificarse por el efecto del pH y la composición característica de cada extracto. La extracción con agua-etanol subcríticos del tegumento de maní puede proporcionar extractos ricos en compuestos fenólicos conuso potencial como antioxidante natural de aceite de chía libre y emulsionado en solución ácida.