Working with indigenous, local and scientific knowledge in assessments of nature and nature's linkages with people Hill, Rosemary; Adem, Çiğdem; Alangui, Wilfred V.; Molnár, Zsolt; Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Yildiz; Bridgewater, Peter; Tengö, Maria; Thaman, Randy; Adou Yao, Constant Y.; Berkes, Fikret; Carino, Joji; Carneiro da Cunha, Manuela; Diaw, Mariteuw C.; Díaz, Sandra Myrna; Figueroa, Viviana Elsa; Fisher, Judy; Hardison, Preston; Ichikawa, Kaoru; Kariuki, Peris; Karki, Madhav; Lyver, Phil O. B.; Malmer, Pernilla; Oteng Yeboah, Alfred A.; Pacheco, Diego Alejandro; Pataridze, Tamar; Perez, Edgar; Roué, Michèle-Marie; Roba, Hassan; Rubis, Jennifer; Saito, Osamu; Xue, Dayuan Working with indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is vital for inclusive assessments of nature and nature's linkages with people. Indigenous peoples’ concepts about what constitutes sustainability, for example, differ markedly from dominant sustainability discourses. The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services (IPBES) is promoting dialogue across different knowledge systems globally. In 2017, member states of IPBES adopted an ILK Approach including: procedures for assessments of nature and nature's linkages with people; a participatory mechanism; and institutional arrangements for including indigenous peoples and local communities. We present this Approach and analyse how it supports ILK in IPBES assessments through: respecting rights; supporting care and mutuality; strengthening communities and their knowledge systems; and supporting knowledge exchange. Customary institutions that ensure the integrity of ILK, effective empowering dialogues, and shared governance are among critical capacities that enable inclusion of diverse conceptualizations of sustainability in assessments.

Estudios preliminares en el área de canteras La Falla (San Luis); Preliminary studies in the quarry area La Falla (San Luis) Borgo, Mariangeles; Heider, Guillermo; Ramos, Gabriel; Curtoni, Rafael Pedro Las investigaciones arqueológicas recientemente iniciadas en la cuenca media y alta del río Quinto (centro-este de la provincia de San Luis) posibilitaron la localización de canteras arqueológicas de grandes dimensiones, así como de numerosas fuentes potenciales de materias primas líticas. Los trabajos realizados se enmarcan en el estudio de la Organización de la Tecnología y la confección de una Base Regional de Recursos Líticos. Desde ese marco se pretende estudiar las estrategias de aprovisionamiento y movilidad implementadas por los grupos que habitaron el área durante todo el Holoceno. En esta presentación se exponen los primeros resultados obtenidos en el sitio La Falla 1, localizado en un área de canteras al noreste del dique Paso de las Carretas, en el límite entre ambas cuentas. El análisis realizado permitió reconocer las características generales de gestión tecnológica en la que se combinan estrategias expeditivas y conservadas. Asimismo, se identificaron las actividades de reducción lítica realizadas y su distribución dentro del sitio.; The archaeological research recently started in the middle and upper basin of the Quinto River (east-central province of San Luis) made it possible to locate large archaeological quarries, as well as numerous sources of lithic raw materials. The work carried out is part of the project to identify a Regional Base of Lithic Resources and Studies of the Organization of Technology. From this framework, the aim is to study the supply and mobility strategies among the groups that will inhabit the area during the entire Holocene. In this presentation, the first results are shown on the La Falla 1 site, emplaced in a quarry area northeast of the Paso de las Carretas, on the boundary between both basins. The analysis made it possible to recognize the general characteristics of technological management in which expedited and conserved strategies are combined. Likewise, the lithic reduction activities carried out and their distribution within the site were identified.

Effect of screw press extraction process parameters on pistachio oil recovery and quality.; Efecto de los parámetros del proceso de extracción por prensado sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de aceite de Pistacho Fantino, V. M.; Bodoira, Romina Mariana; Penci, Maria Cecilia; Ribotta, Pablo Daniel; Martínez, M. L. Pistachio nuts have high economical and nutritional value, mostly due to their elevated oil content (50%), which is composed mainly of oleic and linoleic fatty acids. Box-Behnken experimental designs were performed to optimize the oil extraction by response surface analysis. The independent variables measured were seed moisture content (SMC), restriction die (RD), screw press speed (PS) and pressing temperature (PT), while the response variables considered were oil recovery (OR), fine solid contents in the oil (FSC), oil remaining in the cake (OC) and parameters related to oil quality (free fatty acid composition (FFAC, mg KOH/g oil), peroxide value (PV, meq O2/kg oil), K232, K270 and pigment contents, mg/kg oil). Given that the chemical quality of pistachio nut oil pressed under different conditions was not affected, the process response was optimized in order to maximize OR under two pressing temperatures. Therefore, at 75 °C, pistachio oil extraction showed a maximum OR (79.61 g/100 g oil) at 8% SMC, 4 mm RD and 20 rpm SP; while, under cold-pressed conditions, the maximum OR (65.97 g/100 g oil) was achieved at 10% SMC, 4mm RD and 20 rpm SP. It is important to highlight that OR values were higher than the results reported previously and the chemical quality parameters from both oils were in the range of Codex standards for virgin (non-refined) oils (FFAC < 0.31 and PV < 0.33).

Indicadores tecnológicos de colonización en contextos de superficie del Macizo del Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina); Technological markers of colonization in surface contexts from the Deseado Massif (Santa Cruz, Argentina); Indicadores tecnológicos de colonização em contextos de superfície do Maciço do Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina) Hermo, Dario Omar; Mosquera, Bruno Hernan; Vargas Gariglio, Jorgelina; Perez, Alejo Los conjuntos líticos del Macizo del Deseado correspondientes a la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno temprano han sido caracterizados por la presencia de artefactos unifaciales, elaborados sobre lascas grandes, generalmente espesas y formatizados mediante retoque marginal. Estas características tecnológicas fueron registradas en diferentes contextos del Macizo del Deseado, como Los Toldos, Piedra Museo, Cueva Maripe, entre otros; como así también en el noroeste santacruceño. En este trabajo evaluamos conjuntos líticos de contextos estratigráficos y de sitios en superficie con el objetivo de identificar indicadores de estas tecnologías tempranas. Observamos que tanto en los conjuntos del Pleistoceno final - Holoceno provenientes de sitios en estratigrafía, como en contextos en superficie sin control cronológico, se repiten ciertas características tecnológicas y morfológicas. Estas características hablan de preferencias tecnológicas (presencia de determinados grupos tipológicos, selección de formas base, técnicas de manufactura y acondicionamiento de las herramientas) que pueden ser tenidas en cuenta a la hora de evaluar conjuntos artefactuales de superficie.; The lithic assemblages assigned to the Pleistocene-Holocene transition recovered at the Deseado Massif have been characterized by the presence of unifacial artifacts, made on large and generally thick flakes and involvingmarginal retouch. These technological characteristics have been recorded in different contexts of the region, such as Los Toldos, Piedra Museo and Cueva Maripe, among others, as well as in the northwestern Santa Cruz province. In this work we evaluated lithic assemblages from stratigraphic contexts and from surface sites to identify indicators of these early technologies. We observed that in both Pleistocene-Early Holocene assemblages from stratigraphic sites and in surface assemblages without chronological assignment, some technological and morphological characteristics are repeated. These characteristics inform us about technological preferences (presence of particular typological groups, blank selection, manufacture technics and tool conditioning) that may be taken into account when assessing surface artifact assemblages.; Os conjuntos líticos do Maciço do Deseado, correspondentes à transição PleistocenoHoloceno inicial foram caracterizados pela presença de artefatos unifaciais, elaborados em lascas grandes, geralmente espessas, e talhados por retoques marginais. Estas características tecnológicas foram registradas em diferentes contextos do Maciço de Deseado, como Los Toldos, Piedra Museo, Cueva Maripe, entre outros, bem como no noroeste de Santa Cruz. Neste trabalho avaliamos conjuntos líticos de contextos estratigráficos e sítios de superfície com o objetivo de identificar indicadores destas tecnologias iniciais. Observamos que tanto nos conjuntos do Pleistoceno final-Holoceno provenientes de sítios em estratigrafia, quanto em contextos de superfície sem controle cronológico, repetem-se certas características tecnológicas e morfológicas. Estas características falam de preferências tecnológicas (presença de certos grupos tipológicos, seleção de formas de base, técnicas de fabricação e acondicionamento das ferramentas) que podem ser levadas em conta no momento de avaliar conjuntos de artefatos de superfície.

Pteris tremula (Polypodiopsida: Pteridaceae): A Naturalized Species in Argentina Arana, Marcelo Daniel; Berrueta, Pedro Cayetano; Gorrer, Daniel Alejandro; Giudice, Gabriela Elena; Luna, María Luján Pteris tremula (Polypodiopsida: Pteridaceae): A Naturalized Species in Argentina.—The cosmopolitan fern genus Pteris L. (subfamily Pteridoideae, Pteridaceae; PPG I, Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54:563–603. 2016), is one of the most diverse, including approximately 250 species that inhabit temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions of all continents from Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and South America northward to Japan and North America. The species grow from open slopes to dense forests and from acid soils to limestone rock; about 60 taxa occur in the tropical Americas (Liao, Ding, Wu, Prado, and Gilbert, Flora of China 2–3:181–211. 2013., Chao, Rouhan, Amoroso, and Chiou, Annals of Botany 114:109–124. 2014). Some species, such as Pteris cretica L., P. longifolia L., P. multifida Poir., P. tremula R. Br., and P. vittata L. are reported as invasive plants in many parts of the world, being increasingly found in both, natural and urban areas in several countries possibly as a result of climate change and human migration. Some grow so prolifically that they have been classified as invasive weeds (Wilkins and Salter, Bulletin of the Royal Society of Chemistry:8–10. 2003, Robinson, Sheffield, and Sharpe, In Mehltreter, Walker, and Sharpe, Fern Ecology:255– 322. 2010). Among them, Pteris cretica, P. multifida and P. vittata are species that originated in Asia (China) or Europe and have been cited as naturalized in many regions of America since the early 1970s (e.g., de la Sota, Coleccion´ Cient´ıfica del Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog´ıa Agropecuaria 13:1–275. 1977; Prado and Windisch, Boletim do Instituto de Botanica Sa ˆ ˜o Paulo 13:103–199. 2000; Mazumdar and Arana, Phytotaxa 261:199–200. 2016). Pteris tremula belongs to the Pteris chilensis clade, characterized by three to four-pinnatifid lamina, ultimate pinnules (lobes) with veins free (Zhang, Rothfels, Ebihara, Schuettpelz, Le Pechon, Kamau, He, Zhou, Prado, Field, Yatskievych, Gao, ´ and Zhang, Cladistics 31:1–18. 2014). The clade contains only two species with disjunct distributions, the Chilean endemic Pteris chilensis Desv. and Pteris tremula, known as ‘‘tender brakefern’’ and originally distributed in the Australasian South Pacific, in Australia and Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, Kermadec Island, and Fiji (Kramer and Mc Carthy, Flora of Australia 48:242–248. 1998), often locally naturalized in the Northern Hemisphere (Zhang et al., 2014). Also, P. tremula has been cited as an invasive weed in South Africa (Baard and Kraaij, South African Journal of Botany 94:51–63. 2014).

FTIR spectroscopic features of the pteridosperm Ruflorinia orlandoi and host rock (Springhill Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Argentina) Lafuente Diaz, Maiten Amalia; D`angelo, José Alejandro; del Fueyo, Georgina Marisa; Carrizo, Martin Alejandro Ruflorinia orlandoi (Pteridospermophyta) fronds are chemically analyzed for the first time by semi-quantitative Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This analysis allows the chemical characterization of the mesophyll and cuticle revealing the functional groups preserved in different frond parts (pinnae and rachis). The specimens collected in the Springhill Formation at the Río Correntoso locality (Lower Cretaceous, Santa Cruz province, Argentina) are compressions with very well-preserved cuticular features. The R. orlandoi remains (pinnae and rachis) are spectroscopically analyzed into two samples: compressions (Cp) and cuticles (Ct). Additionally, a third sample form from the host rock and named associated coal (V) is spectroscopically analyzed. Semi-quantitative data derived from Cp, Ct, and V spectra are evaluated by principal component analysis. The results indicate that Cp samples have a similar chemical composition whereas Ct samples show a greater variability. The latter could be related to intraspecific variability of foliar characters (e.g., trichomes and cuticular striations). Furthermore, Ct samples exhibit high contents of aromatic carbon groups suggesting a distinctive composition, likely including cutin/cutan biomacropolymers and/or phenolic compounds. Considering each specimen, the rachis shows a higher aromatic carbon content than pinnae as a consequence of the presence of more lignified tissues in the former. The V samples have the lowest relative intensity of aliphatic groups. On the other hand, the functional-group composition of R. orlandoi remains and V samples are compared with kerogen types and coal macerals showing a general chemical composition similar to type II kerogen. The latter is related to cuticles, spores, pollen grains, and resins.

Enhanced mechanical behavior of compacted clayey silts stabilized by reusing steel slag Mozejko, Clara Alexandra; Francisca, Franco Matias Finding new uses and applications of byproducts has significant importance due to the present need of minimizing the consumption of natural resources, reducing the amount of the disposal of waste materials and finding novel sustainable applications for these materials. This paper evaluates the behavior of compacted clayey loessical soils stabilized by the addition of steel slag (SS). Used soil is a loessical material made by quarts, feldspar and volcanic glass in different proportions. Different physical, microscopical and mechanical tests were performed in compacted specimens of clayey soil-SS mixtures. The influence of SS content, compaction moisture content and curing time on strength, deformation modulus, particle size, and pore structure were evaluated. The results showed increases in soil resistance and stiffness with the curing time, which can be attributed to the natural cementation that takes place due to interaction between the vitreous fraction of clayey silty particles and SS through pozzolanic reactions. This type of reaction is also confirmed by means of a direct measurement of a pozzolanicity index, evolution of pore sizes with a formation of more homogeneous microstructures and associated reduction in water content.

Kinesin-1-mediated axonal transport of CB1 receptors is required for cannabinoid-dependent axonal growth and guidance Saez, Trinidad María de Los Milagros; Fernandez Bessone, Iván; Rodriguez, María S.; Alloatti, Matías; Otero, María G.; Cromberg, Lucas Eneas; Pozo Devoto, Victorio Martin; Oubiña, Gonzalo; Sosa, Lucas Javier; Buffone, Mariano Gabriel; Gelman, Diego Matias; Falzone, Tomas Luis Endocannabinoids (eCB) modulate growth cone dynamics and axonal pathfinding through the stimulation of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1R), the function of which depends on their delivery and precise presentation at the growth cone surface. However, the mechanism involved in the axonal transport of CB1R and its transport role in eCB signaling remains elusive. As mutations in the kinesin-1 molecular motor have been identified in patients with abnormal cortical development and impaired white matter integrity, we studied the defects in axonal pathfinding and fasciculation in mice lacking the kinesin light chain 1 (Klc1^-/-^) subunit of kinesin-1. Reduced levels of CB1R were found in corticofugal projections and axonal growth cones in Klc1^-/-^ mice. By live-cell imaging of CB1R-eGFP we characterized the axonal transport of CB1R vesicles and described the defects in transport that arise after KLC1 deletion. Cofilin activation, which is necessary for actin dynamics during growth cone remodeling, is impaired in the Klc1^-/-^ cerebral cortex. In addition, Klc1^-/-^ neurons showed expanded growth cones that were unresponsive to CB1R-induced axonal elongation. Together, our data reveal the relevance of kinesin-1 in CB1R axonal transport and in eCB signaling during brain wiring.

Trichoderma in Argentina: State of art Trichoderma en la Argentina: Estado del arte; Trichoderma in Argentina: state of art Amerio, Natalia Soledad; Castrillo, María Lorena; Bich, Gustavo Angel; Zapata, Pedro Dario; Villalba, Laura L. Las metodologías que se aplican para manejar los sistemas agrícolas y agroforestales tienen efectos notables en la producción de alimentos y en la conservación de la biodiversidad. Las enfermedades que causan los hongos fitopatógenos son uno de los problemas críticos en la agricultura argentina. A partir de la necesidad de encontrar mecanismos que eleven la productividad del campo, en los últimos años se intensificó la búsqueda de estrategias de control de enfermedades agrícolas que sean alternativas al control químico, buscando, además, disminuir los riesgos ambientales y sanitarios que derivados de éste. El hongo Trichoderma es uno de los agentes que más se usan en los programas de control biológico como reguladores de hongos fitopatógenos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo realizar una compilación de toda la información disponible respecto al estado del arte de Trichoderma como controlador biológico en la Argentina, con el fin de referenciar diferentes instituciones del país que centralizan a este hongo en sus investigaciones. Cerca de 70 grupos de universidades e institutos de investigación describieron aproximadamente diez especies diferentes de Trichoderma con capacidad antagonista, y se estudiaron alrededor de 35 cultivos y 40 patógenos. La especie de Trichoderma más utilizada como agente de control biológico es Trichoderma harzianum, seguida por Trichoderma koningii y Trichoderma viride. Actualmente, en el mercado argentino existen cerca de 14 bioproductos cuyo principio activo son cepas de Trichoderma. Las crecientes iniciativas de las instituciones nacionales sobre estos estudios son básicas para el desarrollo de tecnologías innovadoras y para lograr una agricultura más productiva y ambientalmente sostenible en el país.; The methodologies applied in agricultural and agroforestry systems management have great impacts on food production and biodiversity conservation. Diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi are one of the major problems in the agriculture of Argentina. The need to find mechanisms that increase the productivity of agricultural and agroforestry systems has driven the search for less risky and more environmentally friendly control strategies of agricultural diseases. Trichoderma fungus is one of the most commonly used agents in biological control programs as a phytopathogenic fungi regulator. This review aims to compile all the available information regarding the state of art of Trichoderma in Argentina as a biological control agent, in order to reference different institutions of the country that focus their research on this fungus. Nearly 70 groups, representing universities and research institutes, have described approximately ten different species of Trichoderma with antagonistic capacity associated to 35 crops and 40 pathogens. The most used Trichoderma species as a biological control agent is Trichoderma harzianum, followed by Trichoderma koningii and Trichderma viride. Currently, there are around 14 bioproducts in the argentine market whose active principles are strains of Trichoderma. The growing initiatives of the national institutions on these studies are crucial for the development of innovative technologies to achieve a more productive and environmentally sustainable agriculture for the country.

Interneuron NMDA receptor ablation induces hippocampus-prefrontal cortex functional hypoconnectivity after adolescence in a mouse model of schizophrenia Alvarez, Rodrigo Javier; Pafundo, Diego Esteban; Zold, Camila Lidia; Belforte, Juan Emilio Although the etiology of schizophrenia is still unknown, it is accepted to be a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from the interaction of genetic vulnerabilities and environmental insults. Although schizophrenia’s pathophysiology is still unclear, postmortem studies point toward a dysfunction of cortical interneurons as a central element. It has been suggested that alterations in parvalbumin-positive interneurons in schizophrenia are the consequence of a deficient signaling through NMDARs. Animal studies demonstrated that early postnatal ablation of the NMDAR in corticolimbic interneurons induces neurobiochemical, physiological, behavioral, and epidemiological phenotypes related to schizophrenia. Notably, the behavioral abnormalities emerge only after animals complete their maturation during adolescence and are absent if the NMDAR is deleted during adulthood. This suggests that interneuron dysfunction must interact with development to impact on behavior. Here, we assess in vivo how an early NMDAR ablation in corticolimbic interneurons impacts on mPFC and ventral hippocampus functional connectivity before and after adolescence. In juvenile male mice, NMDAR ablation results in several pathophysiological traits, including increased cortical activity and decreased entrainment to local gamma and distal hippocampal theta rhythms. In addition, adult male KO mice showed reduced ventral hippocampus-mPFC-evoked potentials and an augmented low-frequency stimulation LTD of the pathway, suggesting that there is a functional disconnection between both structures in adult KO mice. Our results demonstrate that early genetic abnormalities in interneurons can interact with postnatal development during adolescence, triggering pathophysiological mechanisms related to schizophrenia that exceed those caused by NMDAR interneuron hypofunction alone.

Influence of Strain Amplitude on the Microstructural Evolution and Flow Properties of Copper Processed by Multidirectional Forging Alves Flausino, Paula Cibely; Landim Nassif, Maria Elisa; de Castro Bubani, Franco; Pereira, Pedro Henrique R.; Paulino Aguilar, Maria Teresa; Cetlin, Paulo Roberto Commercial-purity copper (99.8%) is processed by multidirectional forging (MDF) using strain amplitudes per compression (Δε) of 0.15 and 0.30, leading to accumulated strains (ε) of up to ≈10.8. It is shown that increasing the accumulated strain causes continuous reactions at the substructural level, involving the progressive evolution of dislocation arrangements toward structures having high misorientation angles. This evolution depends upon the strain amplitude in MDF processing and is characterized by the fragmentation of the original grains due to formation and intersection of micro shear bands (MSBs) assisted by dynamic recovery processes. Higher Δε enhances the “monotonic” character of processing, resulting in a higher fraction of MSBs and band intersections, increased work hardening, flow stresses, and dislocation density, lower cell/subgrain and grain sizes, and faster grain refinement kinetics, compared with MDF under lower Δε. The yield strength of copper, measured along a direction orthogonal to that of the previous compression step, is lower than the flow stress at the end of this compression step, and this behavior becomes more prominent with increasing ε and Δε.

Influence of functionalization, surface area and charge distribution of SBA15-based adsorbents on CO (II) and NI (II) removal from aqueous solutions Rodríguez Estupiñán, Paola; Legnoverde, María Soledad; Simonetti, Sandra Isabel; Díaz Compañy, Andres Carlos Daniel; Juan, Alfredo; Giraldo, Liliana; Moreno Piraján, Juan Carlos; Basaldella, Elena Isabel Amino functionalized solids were obtained by anchoring ethoxysilane and ethylenediaminetetraacetic groups onto the surface of a mesostructured silica SBA-15. The materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorptiondesorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and potentiometric titration. The samples SBA-15, SBA-15 -NH2 and SBA-15-EDTA were tested in the simple and competitive adsorption of Co (II) and Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir isotherm by nonlinear regression analysis. The influence of textural and chemical characteristics of the three different silicas on Co (II) and Ni (II) removal was also studied. A complementary study based on density functional theory was performed. Adsorption isotherms of Ni and Co fitted well with Langmuir model, exhibiting high adsorption capacity of 47.7 and 27.4 mg of metal/g of SBA-15, 62.9 and 59.7 mg of metal/g of SBA-15-NH2 and 74 and 67.7 mg of metal/g of SBA-15-EDTA, respectively, in simple adsorption tests. In the case of adsorption from binary solutions, both cations compete for the same active sites, a preferential Ni adsorption being shown. A detailed data analysis demonstrated that EDTA functionalization allows the best retention efficiency of both heavy metals from their corresponding aqueous solution.

Vascos y prensa en la pampa húmeda: Escenarios y necesidades (1850/1950); Basques and press in the humid Pampa: Scenarios and needs (1850/1950) Irianni, Marcelino Desde 1860, la presencia vasca asentada en unos pocos barrios porteños, era notable. Dos décadas más tarde comenzaban a organizarse institucionalmente y ensayar pequeñas editoriales. A una semana de marcha hacia el sur, la comunidad vasca de la ciudad de Tandil también destacaba en el conjunto. Lo suficiente, incluso, para contar con un periódico propio. Sin embargo, eso no ocurrió. Indagaremos sobre las experiencias euskaldunas sobre el particular en distintos escenarios y coyunturas. El inocultable sentimiento de identidad regionalista de los vascos en el interior pampeano no es un elemento a descartar. Los ámbitos de sociabilidad que caracterizaron a esta comunidad y el rol de vecino que desplazaba al de extranjero en sociedades nuevas como la de Tandil, tampoco.; From 1860, the Basque presence settled in a few Buenos Aires neighborhoods, was remarkable. Two decades later they began to institutionally organize and rehearse small publishing houses. After a week of marching towards the south, the Basque community of the city of Tandil also stood out in the group. Enough, even, to have a newspaper of their own. However, that did not happen. We will investigate about the Basque experiences on the subject in different scenarios and conjunctures. The unconcealed sense of regionalist identity of the Basques in the interior of the Pampas is not an element to be discarded. The areas of sociability that characterized this community and the role of neighbor that displaced the one of foreigner in new societies like the one of Tandil, either.

Development and Validation of a Novel ELISA for the Detection of Neospora Caninum Antibodies in Bovine Sera Mansilla, Florencia Celeste; Gual, Ignacio; Pereyra, Rodrigo; Turco, Cecilia Soledad; Capozzo, Alejandra Victoria Neospora caninum is a world-wide distributed apicomplexan parasite, causative agent of bovine neosporosis, which is one of themajor causes of reproductive losses in cattle affecting both dairy and beef industries. Several techniques are regularly used for the diagnosis of bovine neosporosis. Amongst them, serological techniques are generally preferred, being IFAT the traditionally accepted reference method for diagnosis (gold standard). However, ELISA has become the most eligible method for large-scale screening ofspecific antibodies against N. caninum in diagnostic laboratories around the world, providing results that can be easily standardized between laboratories, within a few hours at a relative low-cost. There is no local production of commercial ELISA tests nor in Argentina neither in South America, therefore they must be purchased abroad, turning unfeasible the routinely use of ELISA tests. Here we have developed and validated accordingly to OIE specifications a novel ELISA test based on soluble antigens from N. caninum tachyzoites to accurately determine the presence of specific antibodies anti- N. caninum antigens in bovine sera samples, enabling the rapid, objective and low-cost diagnosis of bovine neosporosis in Argentina; replacing IFAT and avoiding delays and high importation taxes.

T Cell Epitope Predictions Peters, Bjoern; Nielsen, Morten; Sette, Alessandro Throughout the body, T cells monitor MHC-bound ligands expressed on the surface of essentially all cell types. MHC ligands that trigger a T cell immune response are referred to as T cell epitopes. Identifying such epitopes enables tracking, phenotyping, and stimulating T cells involved in immune responses in infectious disease, allergy, autoimmunity, transplantation, and cancer. The specific T cell epitopes recognized in an individual are determined by genetic factors such as the MHC molecules the individual expresses, in parallel to the individual's environmental exposure history. The complexity and importance of T cell epitope mapping have motivated the development of computational approaches that predict what T cell epitopes are likely to be recognized in a given individual or in a broader population. Such predictions guide experimental epitope mapping studies and enable computational analysis of the immunogenic potential of a given protein sequence region.

Derivatization and rapid GC-MS screening of chlorides relevant to the chemical weapons convention in organic liquid samples Kuitunen, Marja Leena; Altamirano, Jorgelina Cecilia; Siegenthaler, Peter; Taure, Terhi Hannele; Häkkinen, Vesa Antero; Vanninen, Paula Sinikka A simple derivatization technique was developed for the analysis of seven Schedule 3 chemicals and one Schedule 2 chemical listed in the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Phosgene, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, thionyl chloride, sulfur monochloride, sulfur dichloride (Schedule 3) as well as arsenic trichloride (Schedule 2) were derivatized using 1-propanol in 40% pyridine solution for analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC?MS). Derivatization temperature and concentration of the derivatization solution were optimized for maximum derivatization recovery. The stabilities of the target analytes and their derivatives in different solvents were studied. The derivatization yield showed a linear response within the analyte concentration range of 0.1?2 mM (10?200 µg/ml) with correlation coefficients > 0.99 (r2), except for AsCl3 which did not show a linear response after derivatization. Good reproducibility with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 3 to 13% was achieved. The derivatization recovery was 66% for phosgene and 67?80% for the P-containing chemicals phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride and phosphorus pentachloride. Recommendations to use the method for screening the presence of these chemicals in organic liquid samples are given. The method is used when CWC-related samples are screened at VERIFIN.

Characterization of chemical parameters in surface sediments from a semi-enclosed frontal system: The case of the San José Gulf, Patagonia Argentina Hernández Moresino, Rodrigo Daniel; Giarratano, Erica; Gil, Monica Noemi The San José Gulf (SJG) is a highly productive basin where a seasonal frontal system takes place, supporting a small-scale fishery on bivalves. In terms of benthonic resources, sediments and the overlying water column are strongly linked and both are affected by the prevalent bottom hydrodynamics. In this work, several chemical variables were assessed to evaluate sediment variability during the frontal system formation and were linked to grain size sediments and bottom water circulation. Four sectors were identified within SJG. Sector 1 comprises two reduced areas characterized by the highest contents of the studied chemical parameters (total organic matter, phytopigments, and total ammonium) due to low hydrodynamic conditions, which facilitate the sedimentation of fine grains and other particles. Sector 2 is characterized by moderate values of chemical parameters, encompassing the surrounding area of Sector 1. Sectors 3 and 4 represent the largest area of SJG, which show low concentrations of chemical variables associated with coarse-grain sediments and with the prevalence of high-energy hydrodynamic conditions. The higher amount of total organic matter in the whole SJG in spring than summer emphasizes the role of seasonal changes in temperate regions, with the formation of a thermocline during spring-summer. This is in concordance with the observed falling of redox potential in summer, suggesting consumption of the available oxygen by the activity of aerobic microorganisms and the transformation from oxidized to reduced sediments. Phytopigments and TOM were good descriptors of the environmental quality, being in the same order than those reported for marine coastal sediments in meso-eutrophic regions.

Historical shell form variation in Lottia subrugosa from southeast Brazilian coast: Possible responses to anthropogenic pressures Harayashiki, Cyntia Ayumi Yokota; Martins, Camila Pratalli; Márquez, Federico; Bigatti, Gregorio; Castro, Ítalo Braga Mollusk shells can provide important information regarding environmental parameters. It is known that shell morphology is affected by both natural and anthropogenic factors. However, few studies have investigated alterations in shell morphology over a historical perspective and considering chemical contamination and climate changes. The present study assessed shell form (shape and size) variations of limpet (Lottia subrugosa) shells sampled from 1950 to 1981 (past) in comparison with organisms obtained in 2018 (present). Differences between shells from the past and present (2018) were detected, being shell weight and height the two most important affected parameters. The differences observed were attributed to the possible increase in contamination over the years due to human population growth and to climate change. Additionally, when shells from the past were evaluated according to the decade they were sampled, results indicate that it was necessary an interval of 40 years to shell form be altered within populations.

Hacia una deconstrucción de la unión mujer-madre Giallorenzi, María Laura Este trabajo propone un abordaje sobre la maternidad basado en los campos disciplinares de la filosofía, la sociología, la historia y la psicología, así como de los estudios sobre género y las teorías desarrolladas por los feminismos. En este sentido, en un primer apartado, se busca definir y caracterizar a la maternidad, poniendo en discusión ciertos enfoques que, desde diversas perspectivas, han centrado su mirada crítica en la asociación unívoca entre mujer y maternidad y la reducción de la feminidad a la maternidad que se ha ido construyendo a lo largo de la historia.En un segundo apartado, se plantea como alrededor de la maternidad se gestan algunas discursividades y operaciones culturales que tienden a perpetuar la unión mujer-madre. Para dar lugar aldesentrañamiento de dichas operaciones culturales, se profundiza en la construcción socio-política de la maternidad, y con ella de las categorías de: maternalizacion de las mujeres, maternazgo y maternalismo. Este análisis, permite situar cómo se fuerongestando diferentes sistemas de legitimación de la maternidad como destino para todas las mujeres. El objetivo de pensar y conceptualizar a la maternidad bajo estas lecturas críticas, está dado en buscar, que la maternidad signifique también una experiencia de emancipación para las mujeres y un espacio por el cual obtener los derechos necesarios para ejercer dicho rol.

A free boundary problem for a diffusion–convection equation Briozzo, Adriana Clotilde; Tarzia, Domingo Alberto One-dimensional free boundary problem for a nonlinear diffusion - convection equation with a Dirichlet condition at fixed face x=0, variable in time, is considered. Throught several transformations the problem is reduced to a free boundary problem for a diffusion equation and the integral formulation is obtained. By using fixed point theorems, the existence and uniqueness of solution, for small time, to a system of coupled nonlinear integral equations is obtained.