Back to the bases: Building a terrestrial water δ18O baseline for archaeological studies in North Patagonia (Argentina) Serna, Alejandro; Prates, Luciano Raúl; Valenzuela, Luciano Oscar; Salazar García, Domingo C. Archaeology has been using stable oxygen as an isotopic tracer linked with water consumption for decades, and it has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool to assess paleomobility in bioarchaeology. Central-eastern North Patagonia (Argentina) is an especially appropriate region to apply it since it presents a high density of huntergatherer burials, it was a nodal zone criss-crossed by an extensive network of important routes, and it is characterized by a high environmental fragmentation due to the scarcity of fresh water sources. The aim of this paper is to build an empirical stable oxygen isotope baseline of terrestrial surface waters to assess the potentiality of tracing past human movement. We analyzed 46 water samples from 13 locations with permanent sources (rivers, springs, streams), compared it with predictions of precipitation and evaluated it considering seasonal variation, altitude and distance from the coast. Our results show that different post-precipitation processes change the isotopic signal from the sources with respect to the local precipitation, and highlight the relevance of analyzing terrestrial water sources. According to their oxygen isotope values we defined five hydrologic zones: Colorado River, Negro River, Closed Basins and Plains, Eastern and Western Somuncurá Foothills. Their identification shows the potential to address past human movement using stable oxygen water baselines in central-eastern North Patagonia.

Arsenic in Latin America: A critical overview on the geochemistry of arsenic originating from geothermal features and volcanic emissions for solving its environmental consequences Morales-Simfors, Nury; Bundschuh, Jochen; Herath, Indika; Inguaggiato, Claudio; Caselli, Alberto Tomás; Tapia, Joseline; Choquehuayta, Fredy Erlingtton Apaza; Armienta, María Aurora; Ormachea, Mauricio; Joseph, Erouscilla; López, Dina L. Geothermal fluids and volcanic emissions are important sources of arsenic (As), resulting in elevated concentrations of As in ground-, surface-water and soil, which may adversely affect the environment. Arsenic originating from geothermal features and volcanic activities is common in Latin America forming a serious threat to the livelihoods of millions of people. This review attempts to provide a critical overview of the geochemistry of As originating from these sources in Latin America to understand what information exists about and what future research needs to be undertaken. This study evaluated 15 countries in Latin America. In total, 423 sites were characterized with As originating from geothermal sources, mostly related to present volcanic activity (0.001 < As<73 mg/L, mean: 36.5 mg/L) and the transboundary Guarani Aquifer System (0.001 < As<0.114 mg/L, mean: 0.06 mg/L). Many of the geothermal systems and volcanoes discussed in this study are close to densely populated cities, including Bogota, Managua, San José, Guatemala City and Mexico City, where total As concentrations in natural ground- and surface- water exceed the safe drinking water guideline of 0.01 mg/L, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, the wide geographical occurrence of As in geothermal fluids and volcanic emissions of this region is by far not fully understood, so that development of geographical maps based on geographic information system (GIS) is an urgent necessity to understand the real nature of the problem. The assessment of environmental risks and the potential impacts on human health both inadequate and scarce and hence, these gaps need to be addressed by future research. The present holistic assessment of As originating from geothermal features and volcanic emissions would be a driving force to formulate a plan for establishing a sustainable As mitigation in vulnerable areas of Latin America in the near future. An assessment of the geochemistry, mobility and distribution of As would augment the effectiveness of the plan.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Clearance After Treatment With Direct-Acting Antivirals in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-HCV Coinfection Modulates Systemic Immune Activation and HIV Transcription on Antiretroviral Therapy Ghiglione, Yanina Alexandra; Polo, Maria Laura; Urioste, Alejandra; Rhodes, Ajantha; Czernikier, Alejandro; Trifone, César Ariel; Quiroga, María Florencia; Sisto, Alicia; Patterson, Patricia; Salomon, Horacio Eduardo; Rolon, Maria Jose; Bakkour, Sonia; Lewin, Sharon R.; Turk, Gabriela Julia Ana; Laufer, Natalia Lorna Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) might perturb immune function and HIV persistence. We aimed to evaluate the impact of HCV clearance with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on immune activation and HIV persistence in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods In a prospective observational study, ART-treated participants with HIV/HCV coinfection received sofosbuvir/daclatasvir ± ribavirin (n = 19). Blood samples were collected before DAA therapy, at the end of treatment, and 12 months after DAA termination (12MPT). T- and natural killer (NK)-cell phenotype, soluble plasma factors, cell-associated (CA)-HIV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) forms (total, integrated, 2LTR), CA-unspliced (US) and multiple-spliced ribonucleic acid (RNA), and plasma HIV RNA were evaluated. Results Hepatitis C virus clearance was associated with (1) a downmodulation of activation and exhaustion markers in CD4+, CD8+ T, and NK cells together with (2) decreased plasma levels of Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10), interleukin-8 (IL-8), soluble (s)CD163 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM). Cell-associated US HIV RNA was significantly higher at 12MPT compared to baseline, with no change in HIV DNA or plasma RNA. Conclusions Elimination of HCV in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals alters immune function and the transcriptional activity of latently infected cells. This report provides insights into the effects of HCV coinfection in HIV persistence and regards coinfected subjects as a population in which HIV remission might prove to be more challenging.

Fogones, combustible óseo y procesamiento faunístico en el sitio de Huencú Nazar (Sistema Lagunar Hinojo-Las Tunas, región pampeana, Argentina): Implicancias para el uso del espacio por cazadores-recolectores Scheifler, Nahuel Alberto Huncú Nazar, an open-air archaeological site occupied during the Late Holocene (ca. 3000 years BP), is located on the shore of a shallow lake from the Hinojo-Las Tunas Shallow Lake System in the Pampean region of Argentina. Within an area of 5,000 m2 are distributed 22 hearths, caches of rocks, and concentrations of granitoid rocks. In one of the excavated sectors, researchers identified hearths with concave bases and the use of bones of Lama guanicoe (Artiodactyla, Camelidae) as fuel. In this way, the inhabitants solved the problem of accumulating animal waste that would have otherwise affected their standards of living. They also deposited materials related to subsistence and technology around the hearths.; Huencú Nazar es un sitio arqueológico a cielo abierto localizado en el Sistema Lagunar Hinojo-Las Tunas (región pampeana, Argentina) que fue ocupado durante el Holoceno tardío (ca. 3000 aP). En un área de 5.000 m2 se distribuyen 22 fogones, escondrijos de roca y concentraciones de rocas granitoides. En uno de los sectores excavados se registraron fogones en cubeta y el uso de huesos de Lama guanicoe (Artiodactyla, Camelidae) como combustible. El uso de combustible óseo permitió solucionar el problema de los residuos molestos para la comodidad de las personas ubicadas alrededor de los fogones. En torno a las estructuras de combustión se depositaron materiales relacionados con la subsistencia y la tecnología.

La guerra de las curvas: pandemia, sensibilidades y estructuración social; The war of the curves: pandemic, sensibilities, and social structuration; A guerra das curvas: pandemia, sensibilidades e estruturação social Scribano, Adrián Oscar El presente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar algunos de los componentes básicos del escenario donde la guerra de las curvas se desarrolla y que permiten aproximarse a la Pandemia como un fenómeno epistémico que implica re-estructuración de una política de la sensibilidad planetaria. Para lograr dicho objetivo hemos seguido la siguiente estrategia: a) se expone brevemente la conexión entre Verdad, Curvas y Hechos; b) se explicita la comprensión del origen de la Pandemia; c) se expone la “metáfora bélica” utilizada en el “combate” contra la Pandemia; d) se propone una mirada para la situación de planetarización; e) se indaga sobre el estado de la “razón europea”; f) se analiza los efectos de la distancia social; g) se presenta la preponderancia de las redes sociales en la vida cotidiana; h) se reflexiona sobre el “sentido de emergencia” de la Pandemia; e i) se abren algunas postales para seguir pensando. Se termina el articulo abogando por seguir indagando las cientos de miles de prácticas intersticiales que se performan en Pandemia como unas huellas que permiten ver los caminos de salida para una humanidad acorralada.

Parasite-host glycan interactions during Trypanosoma cruzi infection: trans-Sialidase rides the show Campetella, Oscar Eduardo; Buscaglia, Carlos Andres; Mucci, Juan Sebastián; Leguizamon, Maria Susana Many important pathogen-host interactions rely on highly specific carbohydrate binding events. In the case of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, glycointeractions involving sialic acid (SA) residues are pivotal for parasite infectivity, escape from immune surveillance and pathogenesis. Though unable to synthesize SA de novo, T. cruzi displays a unique trans-Sialidase (TS) enzyme, which is able to cleave terminal SA residues from host donor glycoconjugates and transfer them onto parasite surface mucins, thus generating protective/adhesive structures. In addition, this parasite sheds TS into the bloodstream, as a way of modifying the surface SA signature, and thereby the signaling/functional properties of mammalian host target cells on its own advantage. Here, we discuss the pathogenic aspects of T. cruzi TS: its molecular adaptations, the multiplicity of interactions in which it is involved during infections, and the array of novel and appealing targets for intervention in Chagas disease provided by TS-remodeled sialoglycophenotypes.

Morphology of the mandibular gnathobases of the copepods Calanus australis and Calanoides carinatus: Evidence of omnivory D'Agostino, Valeria C.; Hoffmeyer, Mónica S.; Degrati, Mariana In spite of the worldwide ecological relevance of Calanus australis and Calanoides carinatus, little is known on the morphology of their mandibular gnathobase edges (MGEs). Thus, in order to further learn about the relationship between MGEs and diet, adults and copepodites of C. australis and C. carinatus collected from northern Patagonian coasts, Argentina, were morphologically analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy in transmission mode and scanning electron microscopy. In C. australis males as well as in C. australis and C. carinatus females, MGEs were found to end in one dorsal seta and to have one ventral tooth, four central teeth and three dorsal teeth. In contrast, in C. carinatus males, MGEs were observed to be rudimentary and with no dorsal seta, and −contrary to published data− they were found to have three cone-shaped, short and small tooth-like structures and three-four tooth-like structures that were long and pointed. The main differences between MGEs from copepodites and adults of C. australis and C. carinatus females lied in the number of cuspids observed on the different teeth and the presence of a short inner lateral peak found only in C. australis ventral tooth. Overall, the evidence gathered from our study leads us to classify C. australis and C. carinatus as omnivores.

Effect of plant nutritional traits on the diet of grasshoppers in a wetland of Northern Patagonia Amadio, María Emilia; Pietrantuono, Ana Laura; Lozada, Mariana; Fernandez Arhex, Valeria Cristina Dichroplus maculipennis is one of the most damaging grasshoppers of wetlands. We investigated their feeding behavior in relation to the most abundant plants of Patagonian wetlands. Results showed that D. maculipennis was able to select its food resources and displayed a mixed diet. The most consumed plant was Taraxacum officinale, which contains a large amount of protein and water. However, consumption decreased when offered simultaneously with Juncus balticus and Holcus lanatus. Therefore, diet varied according to the supply of plants that were offered. In future studies, it would be interesting to analyze the influence of diet on performance.

Sixty years of hail suppression activities in Mendoza, Argentina: Uncertainties, gaps in knowledge and future perspectives Rivera, Juan Antonio; Otero, Federico; Naranjo Tamayo, Elizabeth Beatríz; Silva, Martín This paper provides a perspective based on the evaluation of scientific evidence of hail suppression activities in Mendoza, Argentina. The province of Mendoza was home to several cloud-seeding projects over the years intended to prevent hail damage to agriculture. Those projects were motivated by the paramount importance of wine production for the regional and national economy. We discuss the uncertainties and gaps in knowledge identified in the results from the hail suppression activities, framing the available research over the study area on a global context. The results of this study indicate that there is no unequivocal scientific evidence that proves a statistically significant reduction of hail frequency and size as a consequence of hail suppressing activities in Mendoza. Such lack of evidence questions the reliability of the projects after almost 60 years of cloud seeding. By analyzing the existing gaps in knowledge in terms of observations, modeling evaluations and understanding of severe convective systems, the study provides a description of future directions and alternatives for hail damage mitigation that need a better science-policy integration. This study can be replicated in other regions where hail suppressing activities are taking place.

Earthworms to improve glyphosate degradation in biobeds Lescano, Maia Raquel; Masin, Carolina Elisabet; Rodriguez, Alba Rut; Godoy, José Luis; Zalazar, Cristina Susana In this work, earthworm effect on the efficiency of biobeds for glyphosate degradation was studied. Three biomixtures with and without the addition of earthworms (Eisenia fetida species) were evaluated. The initial concentration of glyphosate was 1000 mg/kg biomixture. Glyphosate and biological parameters were measured as a function of time. Earthworm survival, biomass, and reproduction were evaluated as well. All biomixtures that contain earthworms reached 90% of glyphosate degradation at 90 days in comparison with the biomixtures without earthworms that reached 80% approximately at the same time.Also, within the biomixtures that contained earthworms, glyphosate degradation rate was significantly higher in the one made up with soil and wheat stubble (Ws-E) showing excellent capacity for aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) degradation, the mainmetabolite of glyphosate degradation. In addition, a study performed after the vermiremediation process showed that E. fetida can tolerate high glyphosate concentration without modifications in its life traits. It can be concluded that the use of E. fetida withinthe biobeds is an excellent combination to improve glyphosate and AMPA removal.

Short-term effects of whale watching boats on the movement patterns of southern right whales in Península Valdés, Patagonia, Argentina Chalcobsky, Bárbara Ailen; Crespo, Enrique Alberto; Coscarella, Mariano Alberto Whale watching in Patagonia began in 1973, with the southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) as a target. Thus far, only short-term effects of whale watching on behaviour have been evaluated. The southern right whale population is increasing locally and expanding to adjacent areas. We evaluated boat effects on the biological system through the analysis of breathing rate, linearity, reorientation rate and total distance travelled. Short-term movement patterns of SRW in the area are not severely affected by whale watching operations in Puerto Pirámide at this level of activity. However, significant changes in breathing rates in the presence of boats deserve further attention considering that whales return the same location. In light of the present work, the whales that breed at Península Valdés may be tolerant to whale watching boats.

Propuesta metodológica para definir unidades locales de gestión para el ordenamiento territorial rural; Methodological proposal to define management units for rural land‐use planning Sales, Romina Giselle Actualmente en Latinoamérica existe una creciente preocupación por la planificación de los territorios rurales, particularmente en el marco del ordenamiento territorial. Sin embargo, las particularidades de los territorios rurales construidas por los actores locales aún no han sido atendidas en profundidad. En este artículo definimos los conceptos de territorio y capital social para analizar las redes sociales y la manera en que son percibidas por los actores con el fin de elaborar una propuesta metodológica para definir unidades locales de gestión para el ordenamiento territorial rural. La metodología consta de 4 etapas que, a través de técnicas de recolección cualitativas y cuantitativas y análisis de datos basado en la codificación, permite definir los límites analíticos de la unidad a través de un sistema de información geográfico. Para aplicar la metodología seleccionamos un estudio de caso en el departamento de Santa Rosa, Mendoza-Argentina. Sostenemos que al incorporar la unidad local de gestión en el diseño de políticas territoriales es posible atender las singularidades que inscriben los actores locales en territorios rurales. De esta manera, la planificación territorial podría enriquecer sus acciones al abordar la escala local, es decir, al considerar como unidad de análisis a los sujetos y sus redes.; Currently, in Latin America, there is a growing concern for the planning of rural territories, particularly in the context of land use planning. However, the distinctive features of the rural territories which are built by the local actors have not yet been addressed in depth. In this article, we define the concepts of territory and social capital to analyze the social networks and how the actors perceive them in order to elaborate a methodological proposal to define local management units for rural land use planning. The methodology consists of four stages that, through qualitative and quantitative techniques and data analysis based on coding, enables the definition of the analytical limits of the unit with the support of a geographical information system. To apply the methodology, we selected a case study in the department of Santa Rosa, Mendoza-Argentina. The consideration of the local management unit in the design of land use policies allows addressing the singularities that local actors express in rural territories. In this way, land use planning could be enriched by approaching the local scale, that is, by considering subjects and their networks as analysis units.

On Schatten restricted norms Miglioli, Martín Carlos We consider norms on a complex separable Hilbert space such that ⟨aξ,ξ⟩≤‖ξ‖2≤⟨bξ,ξ⟩ for positive invertible operators a and b that differ by an operator in the Schatten class. We prove that these norms have unitarizable isometry groups, our proof uses a generalization of a fixed point theorem for isometric actions on positive invertible operators. As a result, if their isometry groups do not leave any finite dimensional subspace invariant, then the norms must be Hilbertian. That is, if a Hilbertian norm is changed to a close non-Hilbertian norm, then the isometry group does leave a finite dimensional subspace invariant. The approach involves metric geometric arguments related to the canonical action on the non-positively curved space of positive invertible Schatten perturbations of the identity.

Achievements and challenges in the use of metronomics for the treatment of breast cancer Scharovsky, Olga Graciela; Rico, Maria Jose; Mainetti, Leandro Ernesto; Perroud, Herman Andrés; Rozados, Viviana Rosa Two interesting therapeutic proposals for cancer treatment emerged at the beginning of the 21st century. The first one was metronomic chemotherapy, which refers to the chronic administration of chemotherapeutic agents, in low doses, without extended drug-free periods. Then, the idea of drug repositioning in oncology, the use of well-known drugs that were created for other uses to be utilized in oncology, gained strength. Shortly after, the two strategies were merged in one, named metronomics. Both approaches share several features which make metronomics an appealing choice for cancer treatment: use of known and approved drugs, thus diminishing the time necessary to enter to the clinic, therapeutic effect, low toxicity, oral administration, better life quality, low costs because of the use of, generally, out of patent drugs, possibility of use, even in countries with very low economic resources.Many chemotherapy and repurposed drugs were tested with metronomics approaches for the treatment of mammary cancer, the most common malignancy in women worldwide, leading to high rates of mortality. The wide range of therapeutic models studied, paralleled the wide range of responses obtained, like tumor growth and metastasis inhibition, overall survival increase, lack of toxicity, better life quality, among others. The accomplishments reached, and the challenges faced by researchers, are discussed.

Two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 parasitizing Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Poeciliidae) from the southern limit of the family in the Neotropical region Taglioretti, Verónica; García Vásquez, Adriana; Rossin, Maria Alejandra; Pinacho Pinacho, Carlos Daniel; Rubio Godoy, Miguel; Timi, Juan Tomas In this study, we followed an integrative taxonomy approach to describe two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832, and to identify specimens of G. breviradix Vega, Razzolini, Arbetman, and Viozzi, 2019, all three collected from ten spotted live-bearer Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842), an endemic and widespread poeciliid from the Pampean region, which is the southernmost occurring species of the Poeciliidae in the Americas. Gyrodactylids were first characterized morphologically and mophometrically, and when possible, sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and the cytochrome oxidase II (COII) were used to delimit species. Gyrodactylus breviradix, Gyrodactylus marplatensis n. sp., and Gyrodactylus pampeanus n. sp. were found on the fins and body surface of C. decemmaculatus in La Tapera Creek, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. A phylogenetic analysis combining newly generated sequences of one of the new species, G. marplatensis n. sp., and of G. breviradix, along with those available in GenBank for a further 36 species of Gyrodactylus, revealed that G. marplatensis n. sp. is a sister taxon of Gyrodactylus decemmaculati Vega, Razzolini, Arbetman, and Viozzi, 2019. Genetic distances for the ITS and COII gene were estimated among Gyrodactylus spp. and further supported the validity of the new species. Overall, morphometric and molecular data coincided in delimiting the new taxa, thus demonstrating the value of integrative taxonomy for the erection of new species of Gyrodactylus and species identification.

A new species of Ameloblastella Kritsky, Mendoza-Franco & Scholz, 2000 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) from South American freshwater catfishes (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) Mendoza Palmero, Carlos A.; Rossin, Maria Alejandra; Irigoitia, Manuel Marcial; Scholz, Tomáš Ameloblastella martinae n. sp. is described from the gills of the pimelodid catfishes (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) Sorubim lima (Bloch & Schneider) (type-host) and Hemisorubim platyrhynchos(Valenciennes) in the Peruvian Amazonia, and on Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz) and P. recticulatum Eigenmann & Eigenmann in Argentina. The new species is distinguished from other congeners mainly by the morphology of the male copulatory organ (MCO), which has a form of acorkscrew with tight rings, whereas in other species of Ameloblastella Kritsky, Mendoza-Franco & Scholz, 2000, the MCO is formed by a delicate and coiled tube forming loose rings. Sclerotised structures (haptoral elements and MCO) of specimens of A. martinae n. sp. were used to compare two parasite populations (from Peru and Argentina) using Euclidean distances. Despite the geographical isolation and different hostassociations, both populations belong to the same species. The phylogenetic position of A. martinae n. sp. was analysed using partial sequences of the 28S mrDNA gene along with 46 species of dactylogyrid parasites of siluriforms (Siluriformes) under Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) criteria. Phylogenetic reconstructions showed that Ameloblastella represented by five species, including its type-species A. chavarriai (Price, 1936) from the heptapterid Rhamdia guatemalensis and A. martinaen. sp., was recovered as a well-supported monophyletic group (in both analyses, ML and BI). An additional species, Ameloblastella sp., was found on P. corruscans and P. reticulatum in Argentina. The morphology of the MCO and haptoral elements suggests that Ameloblastella sp. may represent a new species. However, the few specimens found and the lack of genetic sequences of this species precluded its formal description.

A High-Definition tDCS and EEG study on attention and vigilance: Brain stimulation mitigates the executive but not the arousal vigilance decrement Luna, Fernando Gabriel; Román Caballero, Rafael; Barttfeld, Pablo; Lupiáñez Castillo, Juan; Martín Arévalo, Elisa Attention comprises a wide set of processes such as phasic alertness, orienting, executive control, and the executive (i.e., detecting infrequent targets) and arousal (i.e., sustaining a fast reaction) vigilance components. Importantly, the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over attentional functioning have beenmostly addressed by measuring these processes separately and by delivering offline tDCS with low precision over the stimulation region. In the current study, we examined the effects of online High-Definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) over the behavioral and electrophysiological functioning of attentional and vigilance components. Participants (N ¼ 92) were randomly assigned to one of three stimulation groups: right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation, right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) stimulation, and sham. All of them performed in combination with the HD-tDCS protocol an attentional networks task (ANTI-Vea) suitable to measure the executive and arousal components of vigilance along with three typical attentional functions: phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control. In addition, EEG was registered at the baseline and at the post-stimulation period. We observed that, regardless the stimulation region, online HD-tDCS: (a) reduced phasic alertness (p < .008), but did not modulated the orienting and executive control functioning; and (b) mitigated the executive vigilance decrement (p < .011), but did not modulated arousal vigilance across time-on-task. Interestingly, only HD-tDCS over PPC reduced considerably the increment of alpha power observed across time-on-task (p < .009). The current study provides further evidence for both an empirical dissociation between vigilance components and the cortical regions underlying attentional processes. We highlight the advantages of using online HD-tDCS to examine the stimulationeffects on attentional and vigilance functioning.

Observaciones antropológicas sobre situaciones de acusación, intimidación y hostigamiento a personas asociadas a la COVID-19 en la República Argentina Matta, Juan Pablo; Pizarro, Matías Rafael; Bahl, Brenda Mirella; Larrea, Natalia Jimena; Mariano, Mercedes; Godoy, Mariana Inés La coyuntura que inaugura la propagación a escala planetaria de lo que ha sido reconocido como COVID-19 en tanto enfermedad -y SARS-CoV-2 como su virus causante- y que el 11 de marzo de 2020 llevó a la Organización Mundial de la Salud a declararla como pandemia, presenta numerosos interrogantes para las Ciencias Sociales. Se trata de un fenómeno de escala global y de naturaleza compleja y multidimensional que ha impactado en forma drástica -y lo seguirá haciendo- en los más diversos ámbitos de la vida humana alrededor del planeta. En este contexto, la Antropología se enfrenta a nuevos interrogantes y ensaya novedosas modalidades de articulación con los problemas sociales que envuelven sus objetos de estudio. En este artículo repasaremos una experiencia de trabajo en curso desarrollada en el marco del Grupo de Estudios Socioculturales del Conflicto (GESC) de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la UNICEN con la colaboración de una investigadora perteneciente al Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional de Salta y CONICET, y que caracterizamos como un ejercicio antropológico de emergencia en tanto respuesta circunstancial a una situación crítica que requiere de una acción inmediata.

Vowel-consonant metathesis in Nivaĉle Gutiérrez, Analía Vowel-consonant metathesis is observed in a variety of contexts throughout the Nivaĉle (Mataguayan) grammar. It occurs in both verbal and nominal domains, characteristically resulting from the affixation of a consonant-initial suffix to a consonant-final stem. This paper provides an optimality theoretic account for vowel-consonant metathesis and vowel epenthesis in Nivaĉle. It is demonstrated that metathesis responds to phonological requirements; specifically, it serves to avoid marked structures in the language: complex codas, derived complex onsets, and bad syllable contacts. The prosodic analysis of syllable structure constraints aims to provide broad empirical coverage, as well as a coherent and integrated theoretical interpretation

Acute toxicity of Cd2+, Cr6+, and Ni2+ to the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857) Bálsamo Crespo, Emiliano; Pereyra, Patricio Javier; Silvestro, Anahí Mariel; Hidalgo, Keila; Bulus Rossini, Gustavo Daniel In this study we test the sensitivity of three sizes of golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei), an introduced species in Argentina, to a 96-h exposure to Cd2+, Cr6+, and Ni2+. We also analysed the relative sensitivity of L. fortunei compared to other freshwater bivalve equivalent sensitivity data. The ANOVA results showed that both factors, heavy metal and size, had signifcant efects (p = 0.0013 and p = 0.0091, respectively) on the mortality of the golden mussel. Tukey’s test showed signifcant diferences for Cr6+ treatment and the smallest size class (7 mm ±1). The relative sensitivity analysis showed that LC50 values for the smallest size class of L. fortunei exposed to Ni2+ and Cd2+ were in the low range, with values of 11.40 mg/L and 12.65 mg/L, respectively. In the case of Cr6+ (1.66 mg/L), its LC50 was in the medium-low range of the freshwater bivalve sensitivity distribution.