Crisis y Reforma. El centenario del 18 Porta Vazquez, Luis Gabriel Es central en las políticas universitarias de la región el impacto que, a lo largo del tiempo tuvo la Reforma Universitaria de 1918. No podemos pensar una reforma de un sistema universitario si no lo es teniendo en cuenta los principios que promovió el ´18: autonomía de la Universidad; cogobierno; función social de la universidad; el lugar de los estudiantes; el sentido de la investigación; el acceso al cargo docente; la libertad de cátedra, entre otras cuestiones. Son los mismos ejes que siguen teniendo vigencia.A pesar de que las políticas universitarias de finales siglo XX afectaron esosprincipios (Fernández Lamarra y Pérez Centeno, 2017), ésta continúa vigente,estimulando la revitalización de una visión latinoamericana de nuestros valoresculturales, de nuestras prioridades y de la necesidad de nuestra integración; la defensa de una actitud desprejuiciada en favor de la libertad de pensamiento, del valor de la formación y la producción científica y de la necesidad de la democratización del conocimiento; la conciencia de un claro compromiso de los universitarios con los problemas de la comunidad a la que pertenecen (Scotto, 2008: 16).El proceso reformista fue un hito en la historia institucional de las universidades de nuestro país y también un movimiento de ideas y proyectos que se ha resignificado a partir de lo que Chiroleu y Marquina llaman una identidad nuclear estable (Chiroleu y Marquina, 2009). Dicha identidad se percibe a partir de los puntos esenciales del programa de la reforma, como la autonomía, el co-gobierno, la libertad de cátedra, la extensión universitaria, la inclusión y el laicismo que marcaron un legado histórico para las instituciones y los actores inmersos en ella, pero que al mismo tiempo se resignifican permanentemente al calor de los desafíos contemporáneos que la sociedad va motivando en el transcurrir del tiempo (Chiroleu y Marquina, 2009). Este número de la Revista de Educación renueva el compromiso con la educación pública,con una universidad que apueste por su sentido social que recupere los principios de la Reforma del 18 en contextos de crisis y de vulnerabilidad.

Los procesos de subjetivación política en la educación. La teoría del sujeto de Alain Badiou y el acontecimiento Jacotot; The Processes of Political Subjectivation in Education. The Subject Theory of Alain Badiou and the Jacotot Event Colella, Leonardo Javier El artículo se propone desarrollar la teoría de las diversas formas subjetivas de Alain Badiou y reconstruirla para el caso específico de la educación. Para ello aborda la experiencia de Joseph Jacotot, propuesta por Jacques Rancière, junto con otras iniciativas de educación alternativas vinculadas al concepto de “emancipación intelectual”. Describe el proceso de despliegue de un acontecimiento en educación y la constitución de un sujeto fiel, reactivo y oscuro. Finalmente, caracteriza diversas cualidades de un cuerpo colectivo para el universo educativo.; The article aims to develop the theory of the various subjective forms of Alain Badiou and reconstruct it for the specific case of education. For this, he addresses the experience of Joseph Jacotot, proposed by Jacques Rancière, along with other alternative education initiatives linked to the concept of "intellectual emancipation". It describes the process of unfolding an event in education and the constitution of a faithful, reactive and obscure subject. Finally, it characterizes various qualities of a collective body for the educational universe.

Pensando desde la literatura: Malvinas en el aula. Nuevos abordajes para nuevas generaciones Material para docentes Ciccone, Carlos Sebastián; Heredia, Julieta Soledad; Irazábal, Pedro Julián; Suñer, Nayla Mariel Este artículo se propone reseñar y presentar el trabajo de casi dos años de un equipo de investigación interdisciplinario conformado para la convocatoria “Malvinas en la Universidad” de la ex Secretaría de Malvinas del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto de la Nación y la Subsecretaría de Gestión y Coordinación de Políticas Universitarias. El resultado final del proyecto fue un cuadernillo para docentes disponible en internet que condensa una posibilidad de abordaje de “Malvinas” a partir de la literatura para las aulas secundarias, con el fin de favorecer la creación de nuevos sentidos más cercanos a la experiencia de la cultura de los jóvenes, la cual muestra una clara distancia con la afectividad y sentimentalismo que se predominó sobre el tema a partir de la guerra.

Mechanisms enhancing the cytotoxic effects of bleomycin plus suicide or interferon-β gene lipofection in metastatic human melanoma cells Fondello, Chiara; Agnetti, Lucrecia; Glikin, Gerardo Claudio; Finocchiaro, Liliana Maria Elena Background: Three metastatic human melanoma cell lines generated from patient removed lymph nodes and spleen metastasis were established in our laboratory. Objective: To investigate the mechanisms enhancing the cytotoxic effects of Bleomycin (BLM), herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir Suicide Gene (SG) and human interferon-β gene (hIFNβ) lipofection in early passages of these melanoma cell lines. Methods: In these cell lines, we determined: cytotoxicity, bystander effect, lipofection efficiencies, apoptosis, necrosis, senescence, colony forming capacity and mitochondrial membrane depolarization after treatments. Results: The three assayed cell lines displayed sensitivity to single and combined BLM/gene treatments. BLM improved the antitumor and anti-clonogenic effects of SG and hIFNβ genes. Considering the low lipofection efficiencies (<10%), one of the main causes of the SG and hIFNβ gene effectiveness was their bystander effect. In one of these cell lines, this effect eradicated up to 60% of the cells although <1% expressed the transgene. In the three cell lines, BLM alone or combined with SG or hIFNβ gene significantly increased the percentage of cells exhibiting membrane compromise, DNA damage, and senescence. Interestingly, the strong BLM/hIFNβ gene combination was able to generate from 73% to 98% of non-viable cells. The high proportion of senescent cells induced by BLM alone or combined with genes strongly decreased the clonogenic capacity of surviving cells. Conclusion: The presented results indicate that BLM improves the antitumor effects of SG and hIFNβ transgene expression. Altogether, these findings strongly support the clinical potential of these combined approaches.

Meridional Overturning Circulation Transport Variability at 34.5°S During 2009–2017: Baroclinic and Barotropic Flows and the Dueling Influence of the Boundaries Meinen, Christopher S.; Speich, Sabrina; Piola, Alberto Ricardo; Ansorge, Isabelle; Campos, Edmo; Kersalé, Marion; Terre, Thierry; Chidichimo, María Paz; Lamont, Tarron; Sato, Olga T.; Perez, Renellys C.; Valla, Daniel; van den Berg, Marcel; Le Hénaff, Matthieu; Dong, Shenfu; Garzoli, Silvia L. Six years of simultaneous moored observations near the western and eastern boundaries of the South Atlantic are combined with satellite winds to produce a daily time series of the basin-wide meridional overturning circulation (MOC) volume transport at 34.5°S. The results demonstrate that barotropic and baroclinic signals at both boundaries cause significant transport variations, and as such must be concurrently observed. The data, spanning ~20 months during 2009–2010 and ~4 years during 2013–2017, reveal a highly energetic MOC record with a temporal standard deviation of 8.3 Sv, and strong variations at time scales ranging from a few days to years (peak-to-peak range = 54.6 Sv). Seasonal transport variations are found to have both semiannual (baroclinic) and annual (Ekman and barotropic) timescales. Interannual MOC variations result from both barotropic and baroclinic changes, with density profile changes at the eastern boundary having the largest impact on the year-to-year variations.

La accesibilidad de ciclistas y peatones a Ciudad Universitaria Kozak, Daniel Matias Existe un amplio consenso sobre los efectos negativos de los sistemas de movilidad dominados por la infraestructura vial que prioriza el auto particular. Ello implica que uno de los mayores retos para las ciudades en la actualidad consiste en adaptar sus estructuras urbanas, infraestructuras y espacios públicos "automóvil-céntricos" construidos en el siglo XX, con el fin de lograr un mayor uso del transporte público, y facilitar y alentar los desplazamientos en biciclieta y a pie. Las ciudades universitarias en América Latina, en general, fueron creadas a partir de un mismo cuerpo de ideas: son fruto de la conjunción de un ideal arquitectónico-urbanístico modernista y los programas de grandes obras del desarrollismo latinoamericano. Por otra parte, así como devienen de un origen más o menos similar, en el presente también comparten una serie de problemas afines, que generalmente son el resultado de sus débiles vínculos con las ciudades que las albergan. Aquello que originalmente fue pensado como un aspecto virtuoso -su alto grado de autonomía que las resguardaría de la ciudad exterior-, hoy constituye un gran desafío para adaptarlas a las metas del urbanismo contemporáneo, principalmente en cuanto a la promoción de la movilidad sustentable.

Manipulating the alpha level cannot cure significance testing Trafimow, David; Amrhein, Valentin; Areshenkoff, Corson N.; Barrera-Causil, Carlos J.; Beh, Eric J.; Bilgiç, Yusuf K.; Bono, Roser; Bradley, Michael T.; Briggs, William M.; Cepeda-Freyre, Héctor A.; Chaigneau, Sergio E.; Ciocca, Daniel Ramon; Correa, Juan C.; Cousineau, Denis; de Boer, Michiel R.; Dhar, Subhra S.; Dolgov, Igor; Gómez-Benito, Juana; Grendar, Marian; Grice, James W.; Guerrero Gimenez, Martin Eduardo; Gutiérrez, Andrés; Huedo-Medina, Tania B.; Jaffe, Klaus; Janyan, Armina; Karimnezhad, Ali; Korner-Nievergelt, Fränzi; Kosugi, Koji; Lachmair, Martin; Ledesma, Ruben Daniel; Limongi, Roberto; Liuzza, Marco T.; Lombardo, Rosaria; Marks, Michael J.; Meinlschmidt, Gunther; Nalborczyk, Ladislas; Nguyen, Hung T.; Ospina, Raydonal; Perezgonzalez, Jose D.; Pfister, Roland; Rahona, Juan J.; Rodríguez-Medina, David A.; Romão, Xavier; Ruiz-Fernández, Susana; Suarez, Isabel; Tegethoff, Marion; Tejo, Mauricio; Van de Schoot, Rens; Vankov, Ivan I.; Velasco-Forero, Santiago; Wang, Tonghui; Yamada, Yuki; Zoppino, Felipe Carlos Martin; Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando We argue that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p = 0.05 to p = 0.005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable alpha levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and sample size much more directly than significance testing does; but none of the statistical tools should be taken as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. When evaluating the strength of the evidence, we should consider, for example, auxiliary assumptions, the strength of the experimental design, and implications for applications. To boil all this down to a binary decision based on a p-value threshold of 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, or anything else, is not acceptable.

Maps of wind hazard over South Eastern South America considering climate change Sanabria, L. Augusto; Carril, Andrea Fabiana Wind is one of the most dangerous natural phenomena for the built environment in South Eastern South America. The hazard posed by wind depends on the extreme wind speeds on the surface and can be quantified by calculating the Average Recurrence Interval—more commonly known as return period—of these winds. Maps of return period of extreme wind speeds are used by planning authorities to enforce appropriate standards for infrastructure construction in most countries of the world. These maps are usually built up from wind speeds recorded at a network of weather stations. In some countries, however, the quality of the records is poor or the stations have not been in operation for long enough to give appropriate data for wind hazard studies. In this paper, we discuss an alternative approach based on wind speeds calculated by climate models. The approach provides longer datasets and facilitates assessment of the impact of climate change on wind hazard, a matter of great of importance for planning and emergency authorities. Map quality is evaluated by comparing results from the climate simulations with results from reanalysis. The comparison shows that the climate simulations produce results close enough to the reanalysis and hence they can be used for wind hazard assessment. The results also show that we could expect little variation in wind hazard in South Eastern South America during most of this century.

Acidic preconditioning of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) promote vasculogenesis under proinflammatory and high glucose conditions in vitro and in vivo Mena, Hebe Agustina; Zubiry, Paula Romina; Dizier, Blandine; Schattner, Mirta Ana; Boisson Vidal, Catherine; Negrotto, Soledad Background: We have previously demonstrated that acidic preconditioning of human endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) increased proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis in vitro, and increased their regenerative potential in a murine model of hind limb ischemia without baseline disease. We now analyze whether this strategy is also effective under adverse conditions for vasculogenesis, such as the presence of ischemia-related toxic molecules or diabetes, one of the main target diseases for cell therapy due to their well-known healing impairments. Methods: Cord blood-derived CD34 + cells were seeded in endothelial growth culture medium (EGM2) and ECFC colonies were obtained after 14-21 days. ECFC were exposed at pH 6.6 (preconditioned) or pH 7.4 (nonpreconditioned) for 6 h, and then pH was restored at 7.4. A model of type 2 diabetes induced by a high-fat and high-sucrose diet was developed in nude mice and hind limb ischemia was induced in these animals by femoral artery ligation. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant (by one-way analysis of variance). Results: We found that acidic preconditioning increased ECFC adhesion and the release of pro-angiogenic molecules, and protected ECFC from the cytotoxic effects of monosodium urate crystals, histones, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, which induced necrosis, pyroptosis, and apoptosis, respectively. Noncytotoxic concentrations of high glucose, TNFα, or their combination reduced ECFC proliferation, stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)1-driven migration, and tubule formation on a basement membrane matrix, whereas almost no inhibition was observed in preconditioned ECFC. In type 2 diabetic mice, intravenous administration of preconditioned ECFC significantly induced blood flow recovery at the ischemic limb as measured by Doppler, compared with the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and nonpreconditioned ECFC groups. Moreover, the histologic analysis of gastrocnemius muscles showed an increased vascular density and reduced signs of inflammation in the animals receiving preconditioned ECFC. Conclusions: Acidic preconditioning improved ECFC survival and angiogenic activity in the presence of proinflammatory and damage signals present in the ischemic milieu, even under high glucose conditions, and increased their therapeutic potential for postischemia tissue regeneration in a murine model of type 2 diabetes. Collectively, our data suggest that acidic preconditioning of ECFC is a simple and inexpensive strategy to improve the effectiveness of cell transplantation in diabetes, where tissue repair is highly compromised.

Deep time diversity of metatherian mammals: Implications for evolutionary history and fossil-record quality Bennett, C. Verity; Upchurch, Paul; Goin, Francisco Javier; Goswami, Anjadi Despite a global fossil record, Metatheria are now largely restricted to Australasia and South America. Most metatherian paleodiversity studies to date are limited to particular subclades, time intervals, and/or regions, and few consider uneven sampling. Here, we present a comprehensive new data set on metatherian fossil occurrences (Barremian to end Pliocene). These data are analyzed using standard rarefaction and shareholder quorum subsampling (including a new protocol for handling Lagerstätte-like localities). Global metatherian diversity was lowest during the Cretaceous, and increased sharply in the Paleocene, when the South American record begins. Global and South American diversity rose in the early Eocene then fell in the late Eocene, in contrast to the North American pattern. In the Oligocene, diversity declined in the Americas, but this was more than offset by Oligocene radiations in Australia. Diversity continued to decrease in Laurasia, with final representatives in North America (excluding the later entry of Didelphis virginiana) and Europe in the early Miocene, and Asia in the middle Miocene. Global metatherian diversity appears to have peaked in the early Miocene, especially in Australia. Following a trough in the late Miocene, the Pliocene saw another increase in global diversity. By this time, metatherian biogeographic distribution had essentially contracted to that of today. Comparison of the raw and sampling-corrected diversity estimates, coupled with evaluation of "coverage" and number of prolific sites, demonstrates that the metatherian fossil record is spatially and temporally extremely patchy. Therefore, assessments of macroevolutionary patterns based on the raw fossil record (as in most previous studies) are inadvisable.

El poder simbólico de la UNESCO en América Latina. Sobre el vínculo FLACSO-UNESCO; O poder simbólico da UNESCO na América Latina sobre a ligação FLACSO-UNESCO; UNESCO symbolic power in Latin America about the link FLASCO-UNESCO; Le pouvoir symbolique de l’UNESCO en Amerique Latine sur le lien FLACSO-UNESCO Abarzúa Cutroni, Anabella Carolina Nuestras pesquisas indican que la UNESCO ha sido históricamente una Organización de alto impacto a nivel simbólico. El patrocinio de esta Organización de la ONU a determinadas iniciativas científicas, educativas y culturales no se llevó a cabo sólo mediante financiamiento, la contratación de expertos y el otorgamiento de becas sino que implicó también el aval, el crédito simbólico, de una organización internacional. Observar este fenómeno es precisamente el objetivo del presente artículo. Para esto tomamos el caso de un patrocinio emblemático que la UNESCO desarrolló en América Latina desde fines de la década de 1950: la creación y sostenimiento de la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO).; Nossas pesquisas sugerem que a Unesco historicamente teve um grande impacto a nível simbólico. O patrocínio das iniciativas científicas, educacionais e culturais específicas da Organização das Nações Unidas realizada não só através de financiamento, a contratação de especialistas e bolsas de estudo, mas também envolveu o crédito simbólico de uma organização internacional. O objetivo deste artigo é observar este fenômeno. Para isso, nos tomamos o caso de um patrocínio porta-estandarte da Unesco desenvolvido na América Latina desde o final dos anos 1950: a criação e o apoio da Faculdade Latino-Americana de Ciências Sociais (Flacso).; Our research indicates that, historically, Unesco had been an Organization of high impact in a symbolic level. The support from this Organization of the UN to sciences, educations and cultural initiatives implies funds, experts, fellowships and, the most important, the symbolic credit of an international organization. The objective of this paper is to analyze that. Then we study an emblematic support of Unesco in Latin America: la creation and sustenance of the Latin American Faculty of Social Science (Flacso) since 1950 decade.; Notre recherche suggère que l'Unesco a toujours eu une forte incidence sur le plan symbolique. Le parrainage des initiatives scientifiques, éducatives et culturelles spécifiques Organisation des Nations Unies réalisée non seulement par le financement, le recrutement d'experts et des bourses, mais aussi impliqué le crédit symbolique d'une organisation internationale. L’objectif de cet article est d'observer ce phénomène. Pour cela, nous prenons le cas d'un parrainage de repère, l'Unesco a développé en Amérique latine depuis la fin des années 1950: la création et le soutien de la Faculté latino-américaine de sciences sociales (Flacso).

Characterization of an Air-Based Coaxial Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Source for Biofilm Eradication Soler Arango, Juliana; Brelles Mariño, Graciela; Rodero, Antonio; Garcia, Maria Air-based atmospheric-pressure cold plasmas are a source of charged particles, excited species, radicals, and UV rays, known to induce degradation of biomaterials. In this work we characterize an air-based Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma source designed for biofilm eradication, and study plasmas generated under different conditions by Optical Emission Spectroscopy. The main excited species in air-based plasmas are N2 (C3Πu) molecules and the gas temperatures never exceed 335 K, decreasing as air amounts increase in the feeding gas. Excited oxygen atoms and OH species are only detected in discharges generated in argon-containing gases. The temperature of the effluent remains below 308 K. Air-based plasmas are useful for biofilm eradication as they produce high amounts of ozone at a low gas temperature.

Multiculturalidad y derechos humanos: Nuevas perspectivas para la construcción del discurso sobre los derechos humanos Bonet de Viola, Ana María Este trabajo aborda la cuestión de la vigencia y adaptación de los discursos clásicos-liberales sobre los derechos humanos en el contexto de multiculturalidad de la comunidad global. MetodológicamenteSe utiliza un un enfoque genealógico, que, a partir de la crisis de la teoría clásica sobre los Derechos Humanos, fundada en la lógica de la identidad, pretende rastrear alternativas discursivas diferentes en gestación, en vistas a una re-construcción pluralista del sistema de Derechos Humanos. Este recorrido se llevará a cabo a través del abordaje de las crisis de los postulados universalistas, laicistas y liberales, que constituyen los principales ejes críticos que perfilan el debate actual en la materia. De esta manera, se propone analizar este proceso de transformación discursiva, que define la arena jurídica para el desarrollo venidero en materia de Derechos Humanos, poniendo de relieve el potencial de los discursos de la diferencia para la superación de las crisis generadas a partir de la lógica individualista de la identidad.

¿Quiénes se fueron?: Aproximaciones a los motivos de abandono de un programa de apuntalamiento a las trayectorias educativas de estudiantes universitarios; Who dropped out?: An approach to the reasons why higher education students abandoned a socio- educational program to support their educational paths Mayer, Liliana Judith; Cerezo, Leticia La masificación universitaria, que conlleva un incremento en la cantidad de ingresantes a las universidades, plantea situaciones novedosas a ese nivel educativo en términos de composición social del estudiantado. Distintos intentos de dar respuesta a esas problemáticas han surgido, algunos de ellos, provenientes de organizaciones de la sociedad civil. En el presente artículo presentamos los resultados de parte de una evaluación de un programa educativo de apuntalamiento a la trayectoria universitaria de jóvenes provenientes de sectores vulnerables de Argentina. Específicamente, abordamos los motivos aducidos por aquellas personas “ex – participantes” para concluir su incursión en el Programa. Con este objetivo se desplegó una investigación cuya estrategia metodológica fue cualitativa y constó de la realización de 15 entrevistas en profundidad a jóvenes que dejaron de formar parte del programa evaluado. Con el fin de dar cuenta de los repertorios que explican la salida del Programa de los “ex becarios”, se los dividió en dos grandes grupos: quienes salieron del Programa por sugerencia de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil que lo gestionan, y a través de las cuales se materializaba su adhesión a la estrategia; y quienes se “salieron” por iniciativa propia. La investigación da cuenta de tendencias actuales para las trayectorias universitarias, que combinan periodos de abandono con la promesa —muchas veces cumplida—de continuar los estudios, y la necesidad de compatibilizar el estudio con el trabajo.; Higher education massification process implies, by definition, an increase in enrollment rates. Furthermore, it brings new situations in terms of the social composition of the student body. In the intent of giving responses to the new problematics that these changes suppose, there have been implemented –and still aredifferent initiatives, related to higher education inclusion. Though most of them are State initiatives, in a smaller amount, others came from NGOs. In the following article, we present part of the results of a socio- educational Program evaluation that supports higher educational paths for underprivileged students in Argentina. Specifically, for this article, we will analyze the reasons that beneficiaries of that program, drop out of it. The analysis is based on a qualitative methodology which consisted on 15 in depth interviews to scholars who quitted the Program, inquiring both who “decided” to drop out and those who were asked to do so by the Program authorities. This research shows current trends in educational paths, which combine periods of dropping out, with the promise of – many times already accomplished- going back to university. Also, the need to make compatible studies and work.

Incorporación a la currícula de una metodología para la degradación de cianuros Laurenti, Rocío Belén; Lottersberger, Javier; Macagno, Julio Cesar; Kergaravat, Silvina Vanesa El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de los alumnos de la carrera de Licenciatura en Saneamiento Ambiental frente a, la incorporación dentro de la asignatura de Química Ambiental, de un trabajo experimental en el laboratorio. Este trabajo consistió en el estudio de la degradación de un contaminante que actualmente está afectando una región de nuestro país, como es el cianuro, a partir de derrames hacia vertientes de agua que se han producido en una minera en San Juan. Para llevar a cabo esta incorporación se utilizaron estrategias expositivas y un trabajo experimental en el laboratorio, con la posterior evaluación del material generado por parte de los alumnos a partir de preguntas contenidas en una encuesta. Los resultados de la misma revelaron que, la incorporación de esta actividad, generó conciencia por parte de los alumnos de la importancia de la evaluación y control de la calidad del agua de consumo humano, el conocimiento de técnicas para lograr la degradación de un contaminante, con la posible remediación de un daño ocasionado, y el aprendizaje de como informar e interpretar los resultados.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles aimed at improving theranostics Vedelago, José Alberto; Gomez, Cesar Gerardo; Valente, Mauro Andres; Mattea, Facundo Nowadays, the combination of diagnosis and therapy, known as theranostics, is one of the keys for an optimal treatment for cancer diseases. Theranostics can be significantly improved by incorporating metallic nanoparticles that are specifically delivered and accumulated in cancerous tissue. In this context, precise knowledge about dosimetric effects in nanoparticle-infused tissues as well as the detection and processing of emerging radiation are extremely important issues. In the last years the first studies on theranostic nanomaterials in gel dosimetry have been presented but there is still a broad field of study to explore. Most of gel dosimetric materials are extremely sensible to modifications in their composition, the addition of enhancers, metallic or inorganic charges can alter their stability and dosimetric properties; therefore, thorough studies must be made before the incorporation of any type of modifier. In this work, the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles suitable for gel dosimetry for x-ray applications is presented. A green synthesis process of silver nanoparticles coated with porcine skin gelatin by thermal reduction of silver nitrate is presented. Nanoparticles were obtained and purified for their application in gel dosimetry. Also, nanoparticles size distribution, reaction yield and the preliminar application as theranostic agents were tested in Fricke gel dosimetry in the keV range. The obtained nanoparticles were successfully used in theranostic applications acting as fluorescent agents and dose enhancers in X-ray beam irradiation simultaneously.

Synthesis and Encapsulation of bis-eugenol in a Mesoporous Solid Material: Enhancement of the Antioxidant Activity of a Natural Compound from Clove Oil Guntero, Vanina Alejandra; Ferretti, Cristián Alejandro; Mancini, Pedro Maximo Emilio; Kneeteman, Maria Nelida In the present work, microwave extraction conditions to recover high eugenol content in the crude extract from clove were investigated. The effect of factors like temperature, stirring, time, liquid: Solid ratio and solutions of solvent were evaluated with Taguchi?s method. The eugenol content was determined by gas chromatography. From the isolated eugenol, the bis-phenol was synthesized by the dimerization of eugenol. The encapsulation of bis-eugenol on the mesoporous silica was carried out by a microwave assisted process. Previously, mesoporous silica SBA-15 was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using Pluronic P123 triblock copolymer as a surfactant. The bis-eugenol encapsulated in SBA-15 was characterized by physicochemical techniques. The results indicated that the encapsulation of bis-eugenol in the pores of silica occurred through weak interactions of an electrostatic nature without producing chemical changes in the antioxidant property. The antioxidative activity of eugenol, bis-eugenol and bis-eugenol/SBA-15 system was examined by phosphomolybdenum assay. Among these materials, a remarkably high antioxidant activity was found in bis-eugenol encapsulated in SBA-15. These resultas suggest the possibility of applying this system as an antioxidant active packaging in the future.

Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays Nowak Sliwinska, Patrycja; Alitalo, Kari; Allen, Elizabeth; Anisimov, Andrey; Aplin, Alfred C.; Auerbach, Robert; Augustin, Hellmut G.; Bates, David O.; Beijnum, Judy R. van; Bender, R. Hugh F.; Bergers, Gabriele; Bikfalvi, Andreas; Bischoff, Joyce; Böck, Barbara C.; Brooks, Peter C.; Bussolino, Federico; Cakir, Bertan; Carmeliet, Peter; Castranova, Daniel; Cimpean, Anca M.; Cleaver, Ondine; Coukos, George; Davis, George E.; De Palma, Michele; Dimberg, Anna; Dings, Ruud P. M.; Djonov, Valentin; Dudley, Andrew C.; Dufton, Neil P.; Fendt, Sarah-Maria; Ferrara, Napoleone; Fruttiger, Marcus; Fukumura, Dai; Ghesquière, Bart; Gong, Yan; Griffin, Robert J.; Harris, Adrian L.; Hughes, Christopher C. W.; Hultgren, Nan W.; Iruela-Arispe, M. Luisa; Irving, Melita; Maidana, Agostina Jainen; Kalluri, Raghu; Kalucka, Joanna; Kerbel, Robert S.; Kitajewski, Jan; Klaassen, Ingeborg; Kleinmann, Hynda K.; Koolwijk, Pieter; Kuczynski, Elisabeth; Kwak, Brenda R.; Koen, Marien; Melero Martin, Juan M.; Munn, Lance L.; Nicosia, Roberto F.; Noel, Agnes; Nurro, Jussi; Olsson, Anna-Karin; Petrova, Tatiana V.; Pietras, Kristian; Pili, Roberto; Pollard, Jeffrey W.; Post, Mark J.; Quax, Paul H. A.; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián; Raica, Marius; Randi, Anna M.; Ribatti, Domenico; Ruegg, Curzio; Schlingemann, Reinier O.; Schulte Merker, Stefan; Smith, Lois E. H.; Song, Jonathan W.; Stacker, Steven A.; Stalin, Jimmy; Stratman, Amber N.; Van de Velde, Maureen; van Hinsbergh, Victor W. M.; Vermeulen, Peter B.; Waltenberger, Johannes; Weinstein, Brant M.; Xin, Hong; Yetkin Arik, Bahar; Yla Herttuala, Seppo; Yoder, Mervin C.; Griffioen, Arjan W. The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.

Bispectrality and Time-Band-Limiting: Matrix valued polynomials Grünbaum, Alberto; Pacharoni, Maria Ines; Zurrián, Ignacio Nahuel The subject of time-band-limiting, originating in signal processing, is dominated by the miracle that a naturallyappearing integral operator admits a commuting dierential one, allowing for a numerically ecient way to compute itseigenfunctions. Bispectrality is an eort to dig into the reasons behind this miracle and goes back to joint work with H.Duistermaat. This search has revealed unexpected connections with several parts of mathematics, including integrablesystems. Here we consider a matrix-valued version of bispectrality and give a general condition under which we candisplay a constructive and simple way to obtain the commuting dierential operator. Furthermore, we build an operatorthat commutes with both the time-limiting operator and the band-limiting operators.

Completeness of the Bethe Ansatz for an Open q -Boson System with Integrable Boundary Interactions van Diejen, Jan Felipe; Emsiz, Erdal; Zurrián, Ignacio Nahuel We employ a discrete integral-reflection representation of the double affine Hecke algebra of type C∨C at the critical level q = 1 , to endow the open finite q-boson system with integrable boundary interactions at the lattice ends. It is shown that the Bethe Ansatz entails a complete basis of eigenfunctions for the commuting quantum integrals in terms of Macdonald’s three-parameter hyperoctahedral Hall–Littlewood polynomials.