Ni-based catalysts obtained from perovskites oxides for ethanol steam reforming Aguero, Fabiola Nerina; Alonso, José Antonio; Fernández Díaz, Maria Teresa; Cadus, Luis Eduardo Perovskites as host structures of cations were used in order to generate in situ active and stable catalysts for ethanol steam reforming. For this purpose, La1-xMgxAl1-yNiyO3 (x = 0.1; y= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) perovskites were synthetized by the citrate method. Ni segregation is evident for a substitution level higher than 0.2. The segregation of Ni as NiO generated species interacts with different metal-support after the reduction step. The y= 0.1 catalyst presents the highest H2 yield value about 85% during reaction time, with low mean values of CH4 and CO selectivities of 3.4% and 11%, respectively and a low carbon formation. The better performance of y= 0.1 catalyst could be attributed to the minor proportion of segregated phases, thus a controlled expulsion of Ni is successfully reached.

Approaches for phosphorus removal with calcium hydroxide and floating macrophytes in a mesocosm experiment: impacts on plankton structure Frau, Diego; Spies, Mariana; Battauz, Yamila Soledad; Medrano, Jonathan; Sinistro, Rodrigo Cultural eutrophication has promoted theapplication of several mitigation strategies in the last50 years. In this study we tested the combined effectsof two techniques: calcium hydroxide [(Ca(OH)2),lime] and a free-floating macrophyte (Salvinia rotundifoliaWilld) to examine the soluble reactive phosphorusremoval capability and the effects on plankton(phytoplankton and zooplankton) structure in a in situlake mesocosms experiment. The experiment lasted10 days (n = 12, 500 l each) with a control and threetreatments (lime (CH), plants (FM), and thecombination of both (CH ? FM)). Samples of severalphysical and chemical variables (including nutrients)and phytoplankton were taken at the beginning, 2 daysafter, 4 days, and 10 days (end of the experiment).Zooplankton was sampled at the beginning and at theend. The highest depletion effect of soluble reactivephosphorus (SRP) was observed in presence of lime.Phytoplankton biovolume was highly and negativelyaffected in lime treatments (CH and CH ? FM).Zooplankton changed from Rotifera to Cladocera andCopepoda in presence of macrophytes. We concludethat lime ? plants reduces more effectively SRP,phytoplankton biovolume and promotes herbivorouszooplankton development; becoming by this way, in asuitable mitigation strategy to be explored in futurefield manipulation studies.

Socio-environmental patterns associated with cancer mortality: A study based on a quality of life approach Pou, Sonia Alejandra; Diaz, Maria del Pilar; Velázquez, Guillermo Ángel Background: With 18.6% of total deaths due to malignant tumors in 2016, cancer is the second leading death cause in Argentina. While there is a broad consensus on common risk factors at the individual cancer level, those operating at a contextual level have been poorly studied in developing countries. The objective of our study was to identify socio-environmental patterns in Argentina (2010), emphasizing quality of life, and to explore their associations with the spatial distribution of cancer mortality in the country. Methods: The study was conducted in 525 geographical divisions nested into 24 provinces. Sex-specific crude and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) for cancer (2009-2011 period) were calculated. Empirically derived socio-environmental patterns were identified through principal-component factor analysis on a selected set of variables: an urban scale and 29 indicators of a quality of life index in Argentina for 2010. Two-level Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations between the ASMR and the continuous factor scores for socio-environmental patterns as covariates. A random intercept was included to account for spatial variability in the ASMR distribution using Stata software. Results: Four socio-environmental patterns were identified, termed "Contexts with urban-related resources or cultural capital", "Socioeconomically prosperous contexts", "Environments with anthropic exposures" and "Plains region" (cumulative explained variance=57%). High mortality rates were found in counties characterized by socioeconomically prosperous contexts (RR=1.025 in women; 1.088 in men) and plain landscapes (RR=1.057 and 1.117, respectively). Counties featuring urban or cultural resources demonstrated increased mortality in women (RR=1.015, 95%CI=1.005-1.025), whereas rising rates associated with environments having anthropic exposures (RR=1.008, 95%CI=1.001-1.016) were observed only for men. Conclusion: This study identified four characteristic socio-environmental patterns in Argentina which incorporate features of quality of life, accounting to some extent for the differential burden of cancer mortality in this country.

Metabolic stress and shell thinning in Pomacea canaliculata (Caenogastropoda, Ampullaridae) in rice agroecosystems of Argentina Attademo, Andres Maximiliano; Tamburi, Nicolas Eduardo; Peltzer, Paola; Lajmanovich, Rafael Carlos; Martinuzzi, Candela Soledad Pomacea canaliculata is a freshwater snail native to South America that has become a serious pest of rice crops. Insecticides are used to control other pests in paddy fields and P. canaliculata is collaterally exposed. Here a P. canaliculata population from a rice field (RF) where the insecticides bifenthrin and imidacloprid (IMC) were applied was compared with a reference site (RS). The activities of three metabolic endpoints, namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CbE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were measured to test metabolic stress. Intestine and midgut-gland of snails after 7 and 30 days of insecticide application were studied. A possible effect of IMC on shell thickness was also explored. The results indicate an inhibition of CbE and GST activities in the intestine of RF snails relative to RS snails at 7 days, while AChE and GST increased in the intestine after 30 days of IMC exposure. GST in the midgut-gland of RF snails was inhibited with respect to RS snails at 7 and 30 days, whereas CbE increased at 30 days in RF snails. Thinner shells with lower proportion of ash content were observed in snails from RF. Exposure to pesticides exerts neurotoxic resistance and oxidative stress in P. canaliculata and is probably responsible for the alteration in the shell development.

Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration, FLOTAC Pellet and anal swab techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites Cociancic, Paola; Rinaldi, Laura; Zonta, Maria Lorena; Navone, Graciela Teresa The aim of this study was to compare formalin-ethyl acetate concentration and FLOTAC Pellet techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in human stool samples. The anal swab method was used for the specific detection of Enterobius vermicularis. The study was performed in children and youth from Puerto Madryn (South Argentina). A total of 174 individuals were examined using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT), the FLOTAC Pellet technique with saturated sodium chloride and zinc sulphate flotation solutions and anal swabs. The performance of copromicroscopic techniques was evaluated according to sensitivity, negative predictive value and Kappa index. Overall, 39.1% of the individuals were parasitised. The most prevalent species was Blastocystis sp. (19%) followed by E. vermicularis (17.8%), Giardia lamblia (6.3%), Entamoeba coli (5.7%), Hymenolepis nana and Endolimax nana (1.1%). The FECT was the most sensitive technique for Blastocystis sp., G. lamblia and E. coli infections, whereas FLOTAC Pellet techniques were the most sensitive for H. nana diagnosis. Anal swabs detected the highest percentage of E. vermicularis infection. This was the first time that the FLOTAC Pellet technique was used to detect intestinal parasites in humans. The FECT continues to be a reliable method for detecting protozoa and the FLOTAC Pellet technique gains importance in the diagnosis of helminths. Anal swab test remains the method of choice for the detection of E. vermicularis. However, when comparing techniques, key factors as preservation methods, preservation times and flotation solutions should be taken into account.

Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic metabolites from native plants of northwest Argentina: isolation, identification and potential for control of Aspergillus species Gómez, Analia de Los Angeles; Terán Baptista, Zareath Pamela; Mandova ,Tzvetelina; Barouti,Angeliki; Kritsanida, Marina; Grougnet Raphael; Vattuone, Marta Amelia; Sampietro, Diego Alejandro Extracts from aerial parts of Prosopis ruscifolia, Bidens pilosa, Cercidium praecox and Phoradendron liga were assayed against toxigenic Aspergillus species. They were obtained by sequential extraction of the aerial parts with hexane (fHex), dichloromethane (fDCM), ethyl acetate (fEtOAc) and methanol (fMeOH). The fMeOH from P. ruscifolia showed the highest antifungal spectrum (MIC = 750–1500 µg mL−1; MID = 50–200 µg; DI = 1.7–3.0 mm). Indolizidine alkaloids (juliflorine and juliprosine) and tryptamine were identified with strong (MIC = 188 µg mL−1) and moderate antifungal activities (MIC = 750 µg mL−1), respectively, towards A. parasiticus and A. flavus. The fMeOH, the indolizidine alkaloids and tryptamine synergized the fungitoxic effect of potassium sorbate and propiconazole. They completely suppressed the biosynthesis of aflatoxins at concentrations of 47, 94 and 375 µg mL−1, respectively. Our results indicate that fMeOH and its identified alkaloids are promisory additives of commercial antifungals and are antiaflatoxigenic agents at concentrations below of those required for complete suppression of fungal growth.

Intraplate seismicity recorded by a local network in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina Correa Otto, Sebastian Ariel; Nacif Suvire, Silvina Valeria; Pesce, Agustina; Nacif, Andres Antonio; Gianni, Guido Martin; Furlani, Renzo; Gimenez, Mario Ernesto; Ruiz, Juan Francisco Intraplate seismicity in the Southern Central Andes has been mostly documented to the north of 35°S, while similar phenomenon south of these latitudes is not known so far. In order to contribute to this issue, we analysed seismicity in the Andean back-arc region between 38°S and 39°S through a seismological experiment using a local broadband seismic network in the Neuquén Basin. In this study, we aim to determine the background (base) seismicity of the region, and integrate the results with gravimetric data and previous geological knowledge to identify potential sources of the seismic activity. In addition to low-grade seismicity we recorded a Ml = 3.78 strike-slip earthquake ∼ 100 km west of Neuquén city on November 19, 2015. Seismicity location could be controlled by thermo-mechanical properties of the lithosphere linked to the previous tectonic evolution. On the other hand, the triggering factor could be related to E-W Andean stress-field or to human-induced activity.

Different nest predator guild associated with egg size in the Patagonian temperate forest Vazquez, Miriam Soledad; Rodriguez Cabal, Mariano Alberto; Gonzalez, Daniela Vanesa; Pacheco, Gabriel S.; Amico, Guillermo Cesar Capsule: Studies of nest predation using artificial nests need to consider the effect of egg size on the types of predator that are detected. Aims: To estimate the nest predation rate in the Patagonian temperate forest and evaluate the influence of egg size on predator guild. Methods: On different plant species, we placed 108 nests each containing eggs of either Atlantic Canary Serinus canaria or Common Quail Coturnix coturnix, and a model clay egg of equal size to the real egg. Nest predators were identified from the marks left on the clay eggs or by videos recorded using camera traps. Results: 86% of the nests were predated. Birds, mainly Chimango Caracara Milvago chimango, were the main nest predators. A marsupial, the Monito del Monte Dromiciops gliroides, and rodents also contributed to nest predation. Nest predation rates were similar for both egg sizes but the nest predator guild was different. Birds and rodents preyed on both eggs but the Monito del Monte consumed mainly small eggs. Conclusion: Egg size did not influence the rate of nest predation but, instead, affected the nest predator guild. Consequently, in order to avoid underestimating the impacts of small predators, egg size should be considered in studies of nest predation.

Análisis de eficiencia en sistemas de cómputo de alta performance reconfigurables Morales, Martín; Kunysz, Eduardo Jose; Osio, Jorge Rafael; Rapallini, Jose Antonio El objetivo de este trabajo, es presentar la arquitectura y características de un sistema para el estudio de las nuevas técnicas de procesamiento paralelo en el desarrollo de sistemas de cómputo de aplicaciones específicas de altas prestaciones. Como opción en la optimización de rendimiento y reducción en los consumos energéticos se propone una alternativa que representa un nuevo paradigma en el desarrollo de supercomputadoras. Dicha alternativa, viene de la mano de tecnologías de arreglos de compuertas lógicas formando parte del cómputo de alta performance reconfigurable (HPCR).; The purpouse of this project is to introduce the architectures and characteristics for new technics of high performance computing paralleling process. As an option of optimization, performance and high energy efficient is propose a new paradigm in supercomputers design. This alternative has came with logic array technology as a part of high performance reconfigurable computer (HPRC).

Ciencia y comunicación: Una experiencia de producción audiovisual en el marco de políticas públicas inclusivas en Argentina; Ciência e comunicação: Uma experiência de produção audiovisual no âmbito das políticas públicas inclusivas na Argentina; Science and Communication: An Experience with an Audiovisual Production within the Framework of Inclusive Public Policies in Argentina Chaparro, Maria Gabriela; Conforti, María Eugenia; Giacomasso, Maria Vanesa En este trabajo se analiza la creación de un material audiovisual de divulgación científica posibilitado por una serie de políticas públicas llevadas a cabo en la última década en Argentina. El objetivo central del artículo es mostrar la relación ineludible entre la agenda del Estado en materia de comunicación, ciencia y tecnología, y la efectivización de proyectos de comunicación de contenidos científicos. La experiencia que aquí se presenta consiste en la producción de una miniserie televisiva realizada con recursos de una universidad pública del interior del país, que aborda temas de arqueología e historia de la región pampeana e incluye diversas voces vinculadas con la identidad local.; Este trabalho analisa a criação de um material audiovisual de divulgação científica, possibilitado por uma série de políticas públicas desenvolvidas na última década na Argentina. O objetivo central do artigo é mostrar a relação incontornável entre a agenda do Estado em termos de comunicação, ciência e tecnologia, e a efetivação de projetos de comunicação de conteúdos científicos. A experiência aqui apresentada está relacionada à produção de uma minissérie de televisão realizada com recursos de uma universidade pública do interior do país, que aborda temas de arqueologia e história da região dos pampas e inclui várias vozes relacionadas à identidade local.; This paper analyses the creation of a science popularization audiovisual work made possible by a series of public policies carried out in the last decade in Argentina. Its central objective is to show the unavoidable relationship between the State’s agenda with regard to communication, science and technology, and the implementation of projects for communicating scientific content. The experience that is here presented is the production of a television miniseries made with resources from a public university from the interior of the country. This miniseries addresses subjects related to archaeology and history from the Pampas region and includes diverse voices connected to its local identity.

Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticulate silica with organized multimodal porous structure impregnated with 12-phosphotungstic acid for its use in heterogeneous catalysis Morales, María Dolores; Frenzel, Romina Alejandra; Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo; Pizzio, Luis Rene Mesoporous silica (MESSI) nanoparticles with ordered mesoporous frameworks were successfully obtained using the triblock copolymer P123 as the mesoporous template and agar as micropore former. The agar/TEOS ratio influences the specific surface area (SBET) and the micropore area (SMIC). The SBET values increase with the increment of the agar/TEOS ratio used in the synthesis. SAXS (small angle X-ray scattering) patterns and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) images of MESSI samples reveal the presence of a 2D hexagonal mesopore array. The study of all the materials impregnated with PTA by 31P NMR and FT-IR confirmed the existence of undegraded [H3-XPW12O40](3−X)− and [PW12O40]3− anions interacting with the ≡Si-OH2 + groups. The potentiometric titration results show that the MESSI-2PTA solids present very strong acid sites and that both the acid strength and the number of sites increase with the increment of the PTA amount in the samples. The performance of MESSI-2PTA materials as catalysts in the solvent-free synthesis of a series of substituted 3H-1,5-benzodiazepines was evaluated. The yields achieved were high, without formation of by-products resulting from competitive reactions or decomposition products, so the prepared materials are highly selective and reusable catalysts.

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor-mediated inflammatory responses in human testicular peritubular cells Rossi, Soledad Paola; Walenta, Lena; Rey Ares, Veronica; Köhn, Frank-Michael; Ulrich Schwarzer, J.; Welter, Harald; Calandra, Ricardo Saul; Frungieri, Monica Beatriz; Mayerhofer, Artur Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and is linked to impaired fertility in man. We hypothesized that catecholamines by acting on testicular cells have a role in these events, possibly by fostering an inflammatory environment. The cells of the wall of seminiferous tubules, human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), express adrenergic receptors (ADRs) α1B, α1D, β1 and β2. A selective α1-ADR agonist, phenylephrine, increased intracellular Ca 2+ -levels in cultured HTPCs and induced COX-2, IL-6 and MCP-1 mRNA expression without affecting IL-1β mRNA. These changes were paralleled by a significant increase in the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1. Epinephrine was also effective, but salbutamol, a selective β2-ADR agonist was not. Our results suggest that stress-associated elevation of catecholamines may be able to promote inflammatory events by targeting peritubular cells in the human testis. Blockage of α1-ADRs may therefore be a novel way to interfere with stress-related impairment of male reproductive functions.

Polymer functionalized nanoparticles in liquid crystals: Combining PDLCs with LC nanocomposites Allie, Safiya; Hegoburu, Ignacio; Shin, Min Jeong; Jung, Jung Young; Toader, Violeta; Rey, Alejandro D.; Soulé, Ezequiel Rodolfo; Reven, Linda Liquid crystal (LC)-polymer blends are important stimuli responsive materials already employed in a wide range of applications whereas nanoparticle (NP)-LC blends are an emerging class of nanocomposites. Polymer ligands offer the advantages of synthetic simplicity along with chemical and molecular weight tunability. Here we compare the phase behavior of 5CB blended with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and with gold NPs functionalized with thiolated PEO (AuNP-PEO) as a function of PEO concentration by DSC, POM and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Both PEO and the AuNP-PEO form uniform dispersions in isotropic 5CB and phase separate below the I-N phase transition temperature. Above the PEO crystallization temperature, the PEO/5CB blends show the expected biphasic state of PEO rich-isotropic liquid co-existing with PEO-poor nematic droplets. At PEO concentrations above 10 wt%, nematic 5CB nucleates with PEO crystallization. Both PEO and AuNP-PEO induce homeotropic alignment of the 5CB matrix immediately below TNI. The AuNP-PEO/5CB blends form thermally reversible cellular networks similar to AuNPs functionalized with low molecular weight mesogenic ligands. A thermodynamic model to account for the observed phase behavior is presented.

Self-assembly of a drop pattern from a two-dimensional grid of nanometric metallic filaments Cuellar Berrio, Ingrith Paola; Ravazzoli, Pablo Damián; Diez, Javier Alberto; Gonzalez, Alejandro Guillermo; Roberts, Nicholas A.; Fowlkes, Jason D.; Rack, Philip D.; Kondic, Lou We report experiments, modeling, and numerical simulations of the self-assembly of particle patterns obtained from a nanometric metallic square grid. Initially, nickel filaments of rectangular cross section are patterned on a SiO2 flat surface, and then they are melted by laser irradiation with ∼18-ns pulses. During this time, the liquefied metal dewets the substrate, leading to a linear array of drops along each side of the squares. The experimental data provide a series of SEM images of the resultant morphology as a function of the number of laser pulses or cumulative liquid lifetime. These data are analyzed in terms of fluid mechanical models that account for mass conservation and consider flow evolution with the aim to predict the final number of drops resulting from each side of the square. The aspect ratio, δ, between the square sides' lengths and their widths is an essential parameter of the problem. Our models allow us to predict the δ intervals within which a certain final number of drops are expected. The comparison with experimental data shows a good agreement with the model that explicitly considers the Stokes flow developed in the filaments neck region that lead to breakup points. Also, numerical simulations that solve the Navier-Stokes equations along with slip boundary condition at the contact lines are implemented to describe the dynamics of the problem.

Efficient production of glycosylated and non-glycosylated mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85B fused to PVX coat protein in Nicotiana benthamiana plants González, Pablo A.; Puccio, Franco Damián; Zelada, Alicia Mercedes The development of alternative subunit based-vaccines against tuberculosis is necessary due to variable efficiency and some security concerns of the BCG vaccine. The aim of this work was evaluate the production of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85B antigen fused to Potato Virus X Coat Protein (PVX-CP) by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana for subunit-based tuberculosis vaccine formulation. A codon-optimized M. tuberculosis Ag85B gene was fused to PVX-CP and expressed both as a full length precursor and as a mature version lacking the leader peptide. Signal peptides of N. tabacum genes were added to precursor and mature Ag85B-CP to compare the efficiency of cytoplasmic and apoplastic expression. Constructs were agroinfiltrated into N. benthamiana leaves and the yield and integrity of recombinant proteins were analysed. Glycosylation status was determined by treatment with peptide N-glycosidase F. The highest amounts of fusion protein were obtained by expressing mature Ag85B lacking its leader sequence directed to the apoplast, which reached a yield of 100 mg of antigen per kg of fresh leaf. Glycosylated and non-glycosylated fusion proteins were obtained in the apoplastic and cytoplasmic space, respectively. We showed the feasibility of producing Ag85B-CP protein in N. benthamiana leaves for application as a subunit vaccine and demonstrated the importance of expressing mature Ag85B to increase yield and to avoid the production of degraded protein fragments unsuitable for a pharmaceutical product.

Efecto de distintos sistemas de producción y formas de sujeción sobre las pérdidas poscosecha en acelga (Beta Vulgaris I. Var. Cicla I.); Effect of different production systems and fastening methods on postharvest losses in swiss chard (Beta Vulgaris l. Var. Cicla l.) Grasso, Rodolfo Oscar; Rotondo, Rosana; Ortiz Mackinson, Mauricio Pablo; Mondino, María Cristina; Calani, Paula Andrea; Balaban, David Mario; Vita Larrieu, Eduardo Alberto; Torres, Patricia Susana El trabajo se realizó en la FCA-UNR en otoño, invierno y primavera, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los sistemas de producción, forma de sujeción y días de almacenamiento sobre el rendimiento y las pérdidas poscosecha. El ensayo se realizó teniendo en cuenta tres factores: 1) sistemas de producción: invernadero (I), media sombra (MS), manta flotante (MF) y campo (C), 2) formas de sujeción: manojo (A) y granel (G) y 3) días de almacenamiento. Las variables medidas fueron: rendimiento, materia seca, pérdida de peso por descarte y por agua e índice de color. En las tres épocas, I obtuvo el mayor rendimiento y menor contenido de materia seca. I y MF obtuvieron las menores pérdidas de peso por descarte en otoño; en invierno y otoño aumentan con los días de almacenamiento. I y MF registraron las menores pérdidas de peso por agua en otoño en los días 3 y 6 de almacenamiento. La acelga mostró una tendencia hacia el verde amarillento en MF en otoño, C en invierno e I en primavera, en todos los días de almacenamiento.; This work, carried out in the College of Agricultural Sciences, UNR, in autumn, winter and spring with the objective of evaluating the effect the effect evaluates the effect of production systems, fastening methods and days of storage on yield and postharvest losses on Swiss chard along three seasons. The trial was carried out taking into account three factors: 1) Production systems: greenhouse (I), shade cloth (MS), frost protection fleece fabric (MF), and open field (C); 2) fastening method: bunches (A) and no fastening (G); 3) storage days. The variables measured were: yield, dry matter, weight loss by discarding, weight loss by water, and color index. In all three seasons, I obtained the highest yield and lowest dry matter content. I and MF obtained the least weight loss by discarding in autumn; in winter and autumn they increase with the days of storage. I and MF recorded the lowest weight losses per water in autumn on days 3 and 6 of storage. Chard showed a tendency towards yellowish green in MF in autumn, C in winter and I in spring, in all days of storage.

Longitudinal cognitive and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease McDade, Eric; Wang, Guoqiao; Gordon, Brian A.; Hassenstab, Jason; Benzinger, Tammie L. S.; Buckles, Virginia; Fagan, Anne M.; Holtzman, David M.; Cairns, Nigel J.; Goate, Alison M.; Marcus, Daniel S.; Morris, John C.; Paumier, Katrina; Xiong, Chengjie; Allegri, Ricardo Francisco; Berman, Sarah B.; Klunk, William; Noble, James; Ringman, John; Ghetti, Bernardino; Farlow, Martin; Sperling, Reisa A.; Chhatwal, Jasmeer; Salloway, Stephen; Graff Radford, Neill R.; Schofield, Peter R.; Masters, Colin; Rossor, Martin N.; Fox, Nick C.; Levin, Johannes; Jucker, Mathias; Bateman, Randall J. Objective To assess the onset, sequence, and rate of progression of comprehensive biomarker and clinical measures across the spectrum of Alzheimer disease (AD) using the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) study and compare these to cross-sectional estimates. Methods We conducted longitudinal clinical, cognitive, CSF, and neuroimaging assessments (mean of 2.7 [±1.1] visits) in 217 DIAN participants. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess changes in each measure relative to individuals' estimated years to symptom onset and to compare mutation carriers and noncarriers. Results Longitudinal β-amyloid measures changed first (starting 25 years before estimated symptom onset), followed by declines in measures of cortical metabolism (approximately 7-10 years later), then cognition and hippocampal atrophy (approximately 20 years later). There were significant differences in the estimates of CSF p-tau181 and tau, with elevations from crosssectional estimates preceding longitudinal estimates by over 10 years; further, longitudinal estimates identified a significant decline in CSF p-tau181 near symptom onset as opposed to continued elevations. Conclusion These longitudinal estimates clarify the sequence and temporal dynamics of presymptomatic pathologic changes in autosomal dominant AD, information critical to a better understanding of the disease. The pattern of biomarker changes identified here also suggests that once β-amyloidosis begins, additional pathologies may begin to develop less than 10 years later, but more than 15 years before symptom onset, an important consideration for interventions meant to alter the disease course.

Transformative social innovation for food sovereignty: the disruptive alternative Juarez, Paula María Alejandra; Trentini, Maria Florencia; Becerra, Lucas Dardo In the last decade, a new concept has emerged in Europe and the Americas to explain a ‘new’ phenomenon of societal and technological organisation oriented to the resolution of social and environmental issues: social innovation. In certain contexts, social innovators confront dominant institutions in order to achieve their political, economic, and cultural goals. This confrontation has a transformative character. In this sense, transformative social innovation may be defined as ‘changes in social relations, involving new ways of doing, organizing, framing and/or knowing, which challenge, alter, and/or replace established (dominant) institutions in a specific sociomaterial context.’ This framework, developed as a result of the Transformative Social Innovation Theory Project, refers to the ability to design and implement new forms of social interaction that enable people and social groups to carry out strategies and deploy narratives that lead, under certain conditions, to transformative change that engenders modifications in social and/or environmental dynamics. This article presents a conceptual framework to understand transformative social innovation, which is then used to analyse the case of the La Vía Campesina (the International Peasant Movement), focusing on: 1) the strategies employed in terms of a social innovation agent, and 2) the construction of narratives of change oriented to empower peasants and generate a collective identity of the peasantry at a global level. Finally, the article presents closing remarks in order to conceptualise the social innovation capabilities of certain global movements (such as La Vía Campesina) and their achievements related to inclusive sustainable development, where food production and distribution, as well as territorial development, are fundamental.

Secundarias universitarias en Argentina: políticas de admisión y justicia distributiva Di Piero, María Emilia En el contexto de fragmentación educativa que caracteriza a Argentina, en este artículo analizamos un grupo particular de escuelas secundarias: aquellas que dependen de universidades nacionales. Considerando que dicho fragmento no ha sido indagado en profundidad, sistematizamos las secundarias universitarias existentes en el país y modelizamos sus políticas de admisión. Si bien el mérito dejó de ser el criterio de acceso a la mayoría de las escuelas secundarias y universidades en Argentina con la recuperación democrática en 1983, en este artículo mostramos que dicho criterio de distribución de vacantes educativas continúa vigente en estas escuelas “autónomas”. Asimismo, nos enfocamos en las escuelas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, analizando las miradas de sus docentes sobre la justicia en la admisión. Este análisis está estructurado sobre un corpus constituido por documentación institucional, trece entrevistas en profundidad a actores clave de las instituciones y sesenta y siete entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes seleccionados aleatoriamente. El trabajo de campo fue realizado entre los años 2012 y 2016.; In the context of educational fragmentation that characterizes Argentina, in this article we study a particular group of secondary schools: those that depend on national universities. Considering that this fragment has not been investigated in depth, we provide a systematization of secondary university institutions in the country and model their policies of admission. Although merit had ceased to be the criterion in Argentina for access to most secondary schools and universities with the democratic recovery in 1983, it remained in force in a specific group of "autonomous" schools. We first present a map of the university secondary schools in the country and then a systematization of the current admission policies. Finally, we focus on the case of the secondary schools of the National University of La Plata, analyzing the views of their teachers about justice in the methods of admission. Between 2012 and 2016 they were made observations, interviewed in depth thirteen central actors to the institutions, made sixty-seven structured interviews to teachers selected randomly and recovered a corpus composed of institutional documents included information on sociodemographic chips of the students.

Mujeres en la historia del movimiento de teatros independientes de Buenos Aires: aportes para la historia de La Cortina y el Teatro Espondeo; Women in the history of the movement of independent theaters of Buenos Aires: contributions to the history of La Cortina and the Teatro Espondeo Fukelman, María La práctica teatral independiente, iniciada en Buenos Aires a partir de 1930, trajo aparejados algunos cambios en los tradicionales quehaceres teatrales. Uno de ellos se puede ver en el rol de dirección, que fue cobrando mayor protagonismo. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) abordar las labores de distintas mujeres que llevaron adelante roles de dirección en el movimiento de teatros independientes; 2) rescatarlas del olvido; 3) analizarlas comparativamente; y 4) vincularlas con sus participaciones dentro de los partidos políticos y de los movimientos de mujeres. En este sentido, llegamos a elaborar la hipótesis de que existe una correlación entre su involucramiento en la lucha feminista y en la posibilidad que tuvieron (y dieron a otras mujeres) de ocupar cargos de dirección.; The independent theatrical practice, initiated in Buenos Aires from 1930, brought with it some changes in the traditional theatrical tasks. One of them can be seen in the leadership role, which was gaining more prominence. The objectives of this work are: 1) to address the work of different women who carried out leadership roles in the movement of independent theaters; 2) to rescue them from oblivion; 3) to analyze them comparatively; 4) and to link them with their participation within political parties and women’s movements. In this sense, we come to the conclusion that there is a correlation between their involvement in the feminist struggle and the possibility they had (and gave other women) to occupy management positions.