Cattle decrease plant species diversity in protected humid temperate savanna Batista, William B.; Mochi, Lucia Sol; Biganzoli, Fernando Question: Is domestic cattle an appropriate surrogate for fire in a protected humid temperate savanna? Study area: El Palmar Grande de Colón (31°52' S, 58°17' W), Argentina. Methods: We surveyed dense Butia yatay palm savannas in two neighboring protected areas, El Palmar National Park (EPNP), under cattle exclusion since 1970 with sporadic burning; and La Aurora Wildlife Refuge (LAWR), under moderate cattle density, and not burnt since 1997. In each area, we randomly selected ten dense savanna stands, established 500 m2 plots and undertook floristic survey in spring and summer to produce exhaustive plant-species lists. We statistically compared the two samples in terms of: local and global diversities; compositional heterogeneity among stands; mean similarity to a historical record from the area; overall species composition; and abundance and numbers of species with different growth habits and origins. Results: Differences between our samples are clear-cut. Savannas at EPNP have significantly increased local and global species richness and exhibit decreased similarities with the historical record. They have a novel understory, with significantly increased abundances and species numbers of fire-resistant grassland shrubs and fire-sensitive trees, and a groundcover with significantly increased richness of subshrub and perennial graminoid species. Savannas at LAWR have virtually no woody understory, and exhibit a groundcover dominated by an impoverished suite of perennial grasses, with significantly increased abundances and numbers of annual and of exotic species. Conclusions: Our results suggest that large-scale, long-term cattle exclusion and sporadic fires have resulted in changes in the structure and composition of the savanna vegetation leading to increased plant species diversity. Apparently, conservation of these humid savannas in protected areas requires periodic fire, while domestic cattle are a poor alternative for maintaining their plant species diversity.

Cretaceous intraplate contraction in Southern Patagonia: A far-field response to changing subduction dynamics? Gianni, Guido Martin; Navarrete Granzotto, César Rodrigo; Liendo, Ingrid Florencia; Díaz, Marianela Ximena Yasmin; Gimenez, Mario Ernesto; Encinas, Alfonso; Folguera Telichevsky, Andres The origin, extent, and timing of intraplate contraction in Patagonia are among the least understood geological processes of southern South America. Particularly, the intraplate Deseado fold-thrust belt (FTB), located in the Patagonian broken foreland (47°–48°300 S), is one of the most enigmatic areas. In this belt, time constraints on tectonic events are limited and synorogenic deposits have not been documented so far. Furthermore, the driving mechanism for intraplate contraction remains unknown. In this study, we carried out a structural and sedimentological analysis. We report the first syntectonic deposits in this area in the Baqueró (Aptian) and Chubut (Cenomanian/Campanian) groups and a newly found unit referred to as the Albian beds (109.9 ± 1.5 Ma). Thus, several contractional stages in late Aptian, Albian, and Cenomanian-Campanian are then inferred. We suggest that the Deseado FTB constituted the southernmost expression of the early Patagonian broken foreland in Cretaceous times. Additionally, we analyzed the spatiotemporal magmatic arc behavior as a proxy of dynamic changes in the Andean subduction during determined stages of intraplate contraction. We observe a significant arc broadening from ~121 to 82 Myr and magmatic quiescence after ~67 Ma. This is interpreted as a slab shallowing to flattening process. Far-field tectonic forces would have been produced by increased plate coupling linked to the slab flattening as indirectly indicated by the correlation between Cretaceous arc expansion and intraplate contraction. Finally, the tectonic evolution of the Deseado FTB favors studies supporting inception of Andean shortening since Cretaceous times.

Petrología y potencial económico de las pegmatitas ubicadas al norte del batolito de Renca, provincia de San Luis, Argentina; Petrology and economic potential of pegmatites located at the north of Renca batholith, San Luis province, Argentina Wul, Julieta Gisele El objetivo principal de esta tesis es el estudio de las relaciones petrológicas entre las pegmatitas y las rocas circundantes localizadas al norte del batolito de Renca, provincia de San Luis, para establecer los vínculos con el magma parental que las habría originado. Otro objetivo de esta tesis es clasificar a las pegmatitas de la región e inferir su potencial metalogenético en base a estudios mineralógicos y geoquímicos. El área de estudio está localizada en el sector centro-este de la Sierra de San Luis, en donde afloran rocas del Complejo Metamórfico Conlara de edad ediacárica-cámbrica representadas por una secuencia de esquistos bandeados, esquistos de grano fino y en menor proporción, bancos de esquistos turmalínicos y turmalinitas. En el área también aflora una suite de granitos de tipo S de edades estimadas cámbrico-ordovícicas conformada por el Plutón La Tapera, el granito Los Alanices y el granito El Peñón. Afloran también los batolitos de Renca y Las Chacras-Potrerillos de edades devónicas. Por último, a lo largo de la fractura de carácter regional denominada Bajo de Véliz-San Felipe-El Morro aflora un conjunto de rocas máficasultramáficas denominado Las Cañas cuya edad se estima que estaría relacionada a procesos famatinianos. Las pegmatitas estudiadas forman parte del grupo Villa Praga-Las Lagunas, perteneciente al distrito pegmatítico Conlara. Se han relevado pegmatitas alojadas en el Complejo Metamórfico Conlara de signatura LCT (Li, Cs, Ta) y también de signatura NYF (Nb, Y, F) alojadas en el batolito de Las Chacras-Potrerillos. Se trata de pegmatitas graníticas, concordantes y discordantes con la roca de caja y son de mineralogía simple compuesta por cuarzo, microclino, albita y muscovita como minerales principales y berilo, turmalina, granate, apatita y circón como minerales accesorios, en algunos casos se encuentra espodumeno y columbita. La mayoría de los cuerpos estudiados presentan zonación donde puede observarse las siguientes zonas: núcleo, intermedia, externa y de borde. Se emplearon todos los criterios geológicos disponibles en esta tesis incluyendo estudios geoquímicos en muscovita y feldespato de las pegmatitas para clasificarlas y se las agrupó en clase elementos raros, subclase REL-Li (Elementos Raros-Litio), tipos berilo y complejo, y estériles a las pegmatitas de la familia LCT y en clase elementos raros, subclase REL-REE (Elementos Raros-Tierras Raras), tipo allanita-monacita a la única pegmatita estudiada de la familia NYF. El análisis de esta información permitió obtener resultados acerca del grado de fraccionamiento de las pegmatitas. Si bien los hallazgos de mineralizaciones de Nb-Ta y de espodumeno son escasos en estas pegmatitas, algunas de ellas presentan características compatibles con este tipo de mineralización que ya ha sido descripta en pegmatitas de áreas cercanas que presentan características similares a las estudiadas en esta tesis. El estudio de difracción de rayos X sobre feldespato indicó elevado grado de ordenamiento y triclinicidad, compatible con microclino bajo. En algunos casos, se observó que el más bajo grado de triclinicidad obtenido en feldespato se correspondería con pegmatitas de menor volumen y morfología de diques. El resultado de análisis petrográficos, químicos (EPMA: microanálisis con sonda de electrones) y de isótopos de boro (SIMS: espectrometría de masa de iones secundarios) en turmalina de pegmatitas NYF y LCT, granito Los Alanices, esquistos con turmalinas y turmalinitas del Complejo Metamórfico Conlara permitieron clasificar a la turmalina dentro de la serie chorlo-dravita y estudiar sus variaciones composicionales químicas e isotópicas dentro de cada cristal. El contenido de boro que llevó a la cristalización de turmalina en las pegmatitas estudiadas se relacionaría con la fusión parcial de los metasedimentos del Complejo Metamórfico Conlara. Datos químicos e isotópicos indican que dichas rocas serían la fuente de los leucomonzogranitos y monzogranitos muscovítico-biotítico de los cuales derivarían los líquidos pegmatíticos. El aporte de boro a ese fundido granítico original provendría de las micas que intervinieron en las reacciones de fusión parcial y probablemente también de reacciones involucrando turmalina. Las condiciones de P y T necesarias para fusión parcial se alcanzaron en un nivel cortical no expuesto. La presencia de rocas máficas de probable edad ordovícica como el gabro de las Cañas podría indicar una posible fuente de calor. Las edades de enfriamiento de las pegmatitas LCT sugieren una historia de enfriamiento común con el encajante metamórfico. La relación del emplazamiento/deformación indica que estas pegmatitas son sin a tardío cinemáticas respecto de D3, un evento de plegamiento y desarrollo de foliación de edad ordovícica temprana.; The main objective of this thesis was focused on the study of petrology relations between pegmatites and surrounding rocks located at the north of Renca batholith, San Luis province, to establish connections with the parental magma that originated them. Other important aim of this thesis is oriented to classify and infer the metallogenic potential of those pegmatites through mineralogical and geochemical studies. The area of study is located at the center-east part of Sierra de San Luis. Rock outcrops here belong to the Conlara Metamorphic Complex of ediacaran-cambrian ages represented by sequences of banded schists, fine grained schists and in less proportion layers of tourmaline schists and tourmalinites. Also in this area there are outcrops of S-type granites of cambricordovicic estimated ages, composed by La Tapera Pluton, Los Alanices granite and El Peñón granite. Moreover, granites of devonic ages are located in the area, they are Renca and Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholiths. Additionally, along the regional strip denominated Bajo de Véliz-San Felipe-El Morro there is an outcrop of mafic-ultramafic rocks named Las Cañas, whose age is unknown but is estimated to be related to famatinian processes. The studied pegmatites belong to the Villa Praga-Las Lagunas group, Conlara pegmatitic distirct. Pegmatites of LCT (Li, Cs, Ta) signature located in the Conlara Metamorphic Complex and pegmatites with NYF (Nb, Y, F) signature from Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholiths were sampled. This set of pegmatites is granitic and it is concordant and discordant with the host rock. They have simple mineralogy composed by quartz, microcline, albite and muscovite as main minerals. Accessory minerals are beryl, tourmaline, garnet, apatite and zircon, in some cases there are spodumene and columbite. Most of these pegmatites have zonation with a core, intermediate, wall and border zone. All available geological features including muscovite and feldspar geochemistry were carried out in these pegmatites to classify them, and they were grouped in rare elements class, RELLi subclass (Rare Elements-Lithium), beryl and complex type and barren for pegmatites of LCT petrogenetic family and in rare elements class, REL-REE (Rare Elements-Rare Earth) subclass, allanite-monacite type, to the only pegmatite of NYF petrogenetic family analyzed. This information was useful to infer the fraccionation of the pegmatites. To the moment it is scarce the Nb-Ta and spodumene mineralization in these pegmatites, but some of them have compatible characteristics with this kind of minerals that have been described in others pegmatites near this area. The X ray diffraction carried out in feldspars indicate a high ordering degree and triclinicity, compatible with low microcline. In some cases, it was observed that the lowest degree of triclinicity obtained in feldspar would correspond with pegmatites of smaller volume and dike morphology. Petrographic, chemical (EPMA: electron microprobe analyzer) and isotopic (SIMS: secondary ion mass spectrometry) analyses carried out in tourmaline from NYF and LCT pegmatites, Los Alanices granite, tourmaline schist and tourmalinite from Conlara Metamorphic Complex led to study compositional and isotopic variations in each crystal. They were grouped as belonging to the schorl-dravite series according to the chemical composition. The boron content that led the crystallisation of tourmaline in the pegmatites studied would be related to the partial fusion of metasediments of the Conlara Metamorphic Complex. Chemical and isotopic data indicate that these rocks would be the source of the muscoviticbiotitic leucomonzogranites and monzogranites from which pegmatitic liquids would derivate. The contribution of boron to that original granite melt would come from the micas that participated in the partial fusion reactions and probably also from reactions involving tourmaline. The P and T conditions necessary for partial melting were achieved at a nonexposed cortical level. The presence of mafic rocks of probable ordovician ages such as the gabbro de las Cañas could indicate a possible heat source. The cooling ages of the LCT pegmatites suggest a common cooling history with the metamorphic host rocks. The relation of the emplacement/deformation indicates that these pegmatites are syn to post kinematic with respect to D3, an early folding and foliation development event of the early ordovician age.

Paisajes agrarios del segundo milenio de la era en el sector norte del Valle de Tafí (Tucumán, Argentina); Agrarian landscape of the second millennium in the northern area of Tafi Valley (Tucumán, Argentina) Franco Salvi, Valeria Leticia; Molar Becchio, Rocío María Este artículo se propone discutir los resultados de investigaciones arqueológicas realizadas en el sector Norte del valle de Tafí, enfocándonos específicamente en evidencias de las actividades agrícolas correspondientes a la primera mitad del segundo milenio de la Era Cristiana. Durante este período el paisaje agrario se transforma segregándose del sector de viviendas, lo que ha generado diversas explicaciones en la literatura arqueológica del Noroeste Argentino. Hemos llegado a la conclusión preliminar de que el valle adquiere una lógica espacial que es propia de este período en la región, pero que no habría sido originada por los factores que la arqueología tradicional suele atribuirle, esto es, la presión demográfica, conflictos o cambios ambientales.; This paper proposes to discuss the results of archaeological research carried out in the northern sector of the Tafi valley, specifically focusing on evidences corresponding to the first half of the Second Millennium of the Christian Age. During this period, the agrarian landscape is segregating of household area which has generated several explanations in the archaeological literature of the Northwest Argentina. We came to the preliminary conclusion that the valley acquires a spatial logic, typical of this period in the region, but would not have been caused by factors that traditional archaeology usually attribute, this are population pressure, conflict or environmental changes.

Towards a situated ethics of care: Some moral dilemmas around aspects of care in an unequal society Faur, Eleonor Carol; Tizziani, Ania This article analyses moral dilemmas around aspects of care from gender and class perspectives. Based on quantitative data and qualitative research for the surrounding area of Buenos Aires, we probe how contemporary women and men in Argentina organise, experience and perceive the relationship between working life and their responsibilities for caring for family members. A situated ethics of care, as explored in the article, reinforces the notion that care is always contextual – it can only be understood within a social and political milieu – and presents distinctions among subjects that hold unequal positions in class and gender hierarchies.

Temáticas, geografías y debates en el campo de la pedagogía de la alternancia; Topics, geographies and discussions in the field of pedagogy of alternation Miano, María Amalia; Lara Corro, Erik Said En este artículo mapeamos la producción teórica elaborada en los últimos siete años sobre la pedagogía de la alternancia, con el fin de exponer un estado del conocimiento actual en este ámbito. Metodológicamente, el mapeo siguió dos ejes: (a) la agrupación semántica de las producciones de acuerdo con las temáticas recurrentes para dar cuenta de qué se ha estudiado y los tipos de producciones, y (b) el agrupamiento con un enfoque geográfico para reconstruir la cantidad de producciones y temáticas recurrentes por país. Nuestros resultados muestran que este campo de investigación aloja perspectivas muy diversas e incluso contrapuestas, entre las que pueden identificarse los polos "pedagogía de la alternancia y emancipación" y "pedagogía de la alternancia y sujeción".; We map the theoretical production elaborated in the last seven years on the Pedagogy of Alternation, in order to expose a state of current knowledge in this field. The mapping followed two axes: (a) the semantic grouping of the productions according to the recurrent themes to account for what has been studied and the types of productions, and (b) the grouping with a geographic focus to reconstruct the quantity of productions and recurrent themes by country. The analysis shows that the field of pedagogy of alternation has diverse and opposing perspectives, in which highlight the poles “pedagogy of alternation and emancipation” and “pedagogy of alternation and subjection”

Liftings of Jordan and super Jordan planes Andruskiewitsch, Nicolas; Angiono, Iván Ezequiel; Heckenberger, Istvan We classify pointed Hopf algebras with finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension whose infinitesimal braiding has dimension 2 but is not of diagonal type, or equivalently is a block. These Hopf algebras are new and turn out to be liftings of either a Jordan or a super Jordan plane over a nilpotent-by-finite group.

Electrical effective parameters of the grains and the Montgomery's method in Bi 1.65Pb 0.35Sr 2Ca 2.5Cu 3.5O y ceramics Cruz García, A.; Fernández Gamboa, J. R.; Altshuler, E.; Jardim, R. F.; Vázquez Robaina, Odin; Muné, P. In this paper we have applied the Montgomery's measurement method to Bi 1.65Pb 0.35Sr 2Ca 2.5Cu 3.5O y ceramic samples, to study the behavior of the grains? electrical effective parameters, such as: intrinsic effective anisotropy, t= ρc/ ρa b, the slope of the linear part in the temperature dependence of the ab-planes resistivity, Aa b= Δρa b/ ΔT, the weak links resistivity, ρw l, and the orientation probability of the grains? a-axes along a certain preferential direction, γx a. Here, ρa b, ρc and T are the main values of the resistivitity tensor and the measurement temperature, respectively. The samples were pressed uniaxially at three different compacting pressures and extracted from the pellets by cutting an slab along the cylinder axis. Samples cut in this way, exhibit almost an isotropic behavior in the transport properties. Moreover, the sample extracted from the pellet compacted at 488 MPa exhibits the best inter and intragranular properties. The effective intrinsic anisotropy of its grains has the lowest value in the sample set. These results can be used in the fabrication of this superconducting material for certain applications.

Vías de retorno. Exploraciones sociológicas sobre los efectos del encarcelamiento en la vida en libertad y el reingreso a prisión Barukel, Guillermina En el marco de una investigación en curso que pretende avanzar sobre la temática de los efectos del encarcelamiento en el retorno a la vida en libertad y el reingreso a prisión, pre-sentaré una sistematización de las ideas centrales construidas hasta el momento sobre el tema. A partir de entender al encarcelamiento como la cristalización de un proceso más largo que atraviesan los sujetos que el sistema penal captura, describiré y analizaré las reconstrucciones y percepciones de varones adultos que han estado presos más de una vez sobre sus trayectorias de vida, haciendo foco en lo señalado sobre el lugar ocupado por el encarcelamiento, los efectos que tuvo en su retorno a la vida en libertad y el vínculo que establecen con volver a prisión

Normalization method for J-R curve determination using SENT specimens Menezes, João Teixeira Oliveira de; Perez Ipiña, Juan Elias; Castrodeza, Enrique M. According to BS 8571:2014, standard J-R curves from SENT geometry can be determined from single or multiple specimens. The recommended methodologies for single specimen include unloading compliance or DCPD, although any validated technique can be used. The normalization method, which is not directly recommended in BSI standards, is an alternative. J-R curves through normalization technique based on P-CMOD records were experimentally determined using SENT specimens (0.40 < a0/W < 0.55) of two structural steels, later compared with the ones measured by unloading compliance. Results indicated that the normalization method is a valid alternative for J-R curve determination using SENT specimens.

New insights into indole-3-acetic acid metabolism in Azospirillum brasilense Rivera, Diego; Mora, Maria Veronica; Lopez, Gaston Alberto; Rosas, Susana Beatriz; Spaepen, S.; Vanderleyden, J.; Cassan, Fabricio Dario The aim of this research was to analyse the global indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolism in three commercially used strains of Azospirillum brasilense. Methods and Results: Azospirillum brasilense Sp245, Az39 and Cd, containing a plasmid with the ipdC-gusA fusion (pFAJ64), were cultured in minimal medium MMAB with or without 10 mg l−1 of l-trp till exponential or stationary growth phase. The cultures were then split into 10 ml tubes and individually treated with 10 mg ml−1 IAA, IBA or NAA (auxin catabolism and homeostasis); IAPhe, IALeu, IAA-ala, IAA-glucose (IAA conjugate hydrolysis); or l-lys, l-leu, l-ileu, l-phe, l-ala, l-val, l-arg, l-glu, l-his, l-met, l-asp, l-cys, l-ser, l-pro, l-thr and l-trp (regulation of IAA biosynthesis and IAA conjugation). Bacterial growth, IAA production and ipdC expression were evaluated. None of the A. brasilense strains were able to hydrolyse IAA conjugates, catabolize auxins, or conjugate IAA with amino acids or glucose. l-amino acids l-met, l-val, l-cys and l-ser inhibited bacterial growth and decreased IAA biosynthesis. The expression of ipdC and IAA biosynthesis but not bacterial growth was affected by l-leu, l-phe, l-ala, l-ile, l-pro. l-arg, l-glu, l-his, l-lys, l-asp and l-thr did not affect any of the measured parameters. Conclusions: In this paper, we confirmed that A. brasilense produces IAA only in presence of l-trp is not able to degrade auxins, conjugate IAA with sugars and/or l-amino acids, or hydrolyse such conjugates to release free IAA. Finally, we found that bacterial growth and/or IAA biosynthesis were inhibited by the presence of several l-amino acids probably by diversion of the cellular metabolism. Significance and Impact of the Study: We propose a renewed model to explain IAA metabolism in A. brasilense, one of the most studied phytostimulatory bacteria.

Presentación: afectos, redes y epistolarios Peluffo, Ana; Maiz, Claudio Gustavo Introducción al dossier Epistolarios y afectos. Se abordan aspectos teóricos sobre la carta y las emociones.

Environmental diversity and stable isotope variation in faunas: Implications for human diet reconstruction in Argentine mid-latitude deserts Otaola, Clara; Ugan, Andrew; Gil, Adolfo Fabian This paper presents the results of an isotopic study of δ13C and δ15N values for bone collagen from 209 modern faunas from central-western Argentina. The samples come from two ecologically distinct areas: the Monte and Patagonian Deserts. The results confirm high intra- and inter-taxonomic variation in both isotopes. Previous studies of camelids, rodents and ostrich eggshells in this region showed a clear relation between animal δ13C and δ15N values, altitude, and the percentage of C3 and C4 plants. This pattern was not fully met among the species considered in this paper. No statistical differences were seen between δ13C values from Monte and Patagonian Deserts, although differences in δ15N were found. When samples from saltmarsh contexts were considered separately, differences among δ15N isotopic values become more pronounced, pointing to a relation between δ15N isotopic signatures and soil salinity. Archaeological human diet reconstruction based on isotopic data needs to pay attention to this significant variation in resources isotopic patterns in order to be used as a reliable dietary indicator.

Genotypic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Buenos Aires, Argentina Monteserin, Johana; Paul, Roxana Elizabeth; Gravina, Elida; Reniero, Ana; Hernandez, Teresa; Mazzeo, Eduardo; Togneri, Ana Maria; Simboli, Norberto; López, Beatriz; Couvin, David; Rastogi, Nalin; Ritacco, Gloria Viviana Buenos Aires is an overpopulated port city historically inhabited by people of European descent. Together with its broader metropolitan area, the city exhibits medium tuberculosis rates, and receives migrants, mainly from tuberculosis highly endemic areas of Argentina and neighboring countries. This work was aimed to gain insight into the Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure in two suburban districts of Buenos Aires which are illustrative of the overall situation of tuberculosis in Argentina. The Lineage 4 Euro-American accounted for >99% of the 816 isolates analyzed (one per patient). Frequencies of spoligotype families were T 35.9%, LAM 33.2%, Haarlem 19.5%, S 3.2%, X 1.5%, Ural 0.7%, BOV 0.2%, Beijing 0.2%, and Cameroon 0.2%. Unknown signatures accounted for 5.3% isolates. Of 55 spoligotypes not matching any extant shared international type (SIT) in SITVIT database, 22 fitted into 15 newly-issued SITs. Certain autochthonous South American genotypes were found to be actively evolving. LAM3, which is wild type for RDrio, was the predominant LAM subfamily in both districts and the RDrio signature was rare among autochthonous, newly created, SITs and orphan patterns. Two genotypes that are rarely observed in neighboring countries ̶ SIT2/H2 and SIT159/T1 Tuscany ̶ were conspicuously represented in Argentina. The infrequent Beijing patterns belonged to Peruvian patients. We conclude that the genotype diversity observed reflects the influence of the Hispanic colonization and more recent immigration waves from Mediterranean and neighboring countries. Unlike in Brazil, the RDrio type does not play a major role in the tuberculosis epidemic in Buenos Aires.

Registro de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) presentes en apiarios de Apis mellifera de los valles templados de la provincia de Jujuy-Argentina; Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) present in apiaries of Apis mellifera of the temperate valleys of the province of Jujuy-Argentina Ruiz, Gisela Beatriz; Benitez Ahrendtz, Marcelo La presente investigación se realizó con el propósito de determinar la presencia de diferentes especies de hormigas encolmenas de Apis mellifera L., y describir la actividad observada mediante el relevamiento de apiarios ubicados endiversas localidades de Valles templados de la provincia de Jujuy. Se colectaron manualmente entre 10-20 individuosaproximadamente de diferentes especies de hormigas en estado adulto e inmaduro presentes en techos y entretapas decolmenas de abejas melíferas, como también de hormigueros ubicados en cercanías. Se conservaron en alcohol al 70%.La colecta se realizó en época seca y época húmeda. La identificación taxonómica se realizó mediante claves establecidas.Las hormigas identificadas fueron Camponotus substitutus, Camponotus mus, Acromyrmex hispidus, Linepithemahumile, Crematogaster spp. (Subgénero Orthocrema) y Solenopsis spp. Cinco de estas especies no mostraron ser perjudicialespara las abejas, mientras que en colmenas moribundas por falta de alimento o reinas viejas se observó la intrusiónde Solenopsis sp. Se puede concluir que las especies de hormigas identificadas no generaron daños económicos alos apicultores de estas colmenas. El presente trabajo podría ser el punto de partida para estudios relativos al manejo ycontrol de hormigas presentes en colmenas de Apis mellifera L. Se debe continuar con el registro y estudio de estoshimenópteros en otras áreas apícolas.; The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of determining the presence of different species of ants in hives of Apis mellifera L., and to describe the activity observed by means of the survey of apiaries located in different localities of temperate valleys of the province of Jujuy. Manually collected between 10-20 individuals of different species of ants in adult and immature state present in ceilings and interstates of honey bee hives, as well as anthills located in the vicinity. They were stored in 70% alcohol. The collection was carried out during the dry season and the wet season. The taxonomic identification was carried out using appropriate codes. The identified ants were Camponotus substitutus, Camponotus mus, Acromyrmex hispidus, Linepithema humile, Crematogaster spp. (Subgenus Orthocrema) and Solenopsis spp. Five of these species did not appear to be harmful to bees, whereas in Sole colonies due to lack of food or old queens the intrusion of Solenopsis sp. It can be concluded that the ant species identified did not generate economic damage to the beekeepers of these hives. This work could be the starting point for studies related to the management and control of ants present in hives of Apis mellifera L. It should continue with the registration and study of these hymenoptera in other apicultural areas.

Rol de variantes genéticas en el desarrollo de Enfermedad Renal Crónica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Yang, Pablo; Ojeda, Verónica; Ruiz Pecchio, Adriana; Soria, Néstor Walter La Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) es una afección que perjudica a un gran número de pacientes. Una de las causas es la Nefropatía en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2).Objetivo: Indagar si la presencia de variantes genéticas contribuyen al desarrollo de ERC en pacientes con DM2.Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron criterios clínicos, bioquímicos y moleculares en 25 pacientes con DM2. Los polimorfismos se analizaron mediante PCR-RFLP para ECA (rs4646994); CDKAL1 (rs7756992); e-NOS (rs1799983) y SLC12A3 (rs11643718).Resultados: El análisis estadístico mediante modelo dominante arrojaron para: ECA (rs4646994) (OR=1,33 (IC 95%) 0,25-7,01; p=0,73); CDKAL1 (rs7756992) (OR= 1 (IC 95%) 0,14-7,39; p=NA); e-NOS (rs1799983) (OR= 0,29 (IC 95%) 0,05-1,57; p=0,14) y SLC12A3 (rs11643718 (OR= 1,62 (IC 95%) 0,19-13,93; p=0,66).Conclusiones: ninguna de las variantes evaluadas en los genes ECA, CDKAL1, e-NOS y SLC12A3 mostraron asociaciones positivas o negativas con el riesgo a desarrollar ERC en pacientes con DM2.

Emergent Orientation Selectivity from Random Networks in Mouse Visual Cortex Pattadkal, Jagruti J.; Mato, German; van Vreeswijk, Carl; Priebe, Nicholas J.; Hansel, David The connectivity principles underlying the emergence of orientation selectivity in primary visual cortex (V1) of mammals lacking an orientation map (such as rodents and lagomorphs) are poorly understood. We present a computational model in which random connectivity gives rise to orientation selectivity that matches experimental observations. The model predicts that mouse V1 neurons should exhibit intricate receptive fields in the two-dimensional frequency domain, causing a shift in orientation preferences with spatial frequency. We find evidence for these features in mouse V1 using calcium imaging and intracellular whole-cell recordings. Pattadkal et al. show that orientation selectivity can emerge from random connectivity, and offer a distinct perspective for how computations occur in the neocortex. They propose that a random convergence of inputs can provide signals for orientation preference in contrast with the dominant model that requires a precise arrangement.

Eugenics in Mediterranean Europe and Latin America; Eugenesia en la Europa mediterránea y en Latinoamérica Miranda, Marisa Adriana; Vallejo, Gustavo Gabriel Se abordan aquí las vinculaciones inmanentes que la eugenesia presenta con los ejes conceptuales salud/enfermedad, normalidad/anormalidad, inclusión/exclusión, colocando a la perspectiva histórica en un diálogo inacabado con el presente. Así, y desplazándose más allá de una identificación taxativa con episodios que tienen un inicio y un final, quedan latentes interrogantes que denotan los límites borrosos de la eugenesia: ¿Cómo se trazó en distintos momentos la frontera entre lo sano y lo insano? ¿Quién/quiénes y bajo qué motivaciones trascendentes al plano individual la fijaron? ¿Cuáles fueron los alcances de la eugenesia? ¿Cuántos de sus postulados se mantuvieron inalterables en países no anglosajones y hasta dónde las hibridaciones turbaron sus postulados iniciales? En definitiva, ¿Por qué es válido hablar de eugenesia más allá del nazismo?

Bone tool and tuber processing: A multi-proxy approach at Boyo Paso 2, Argentina Medina, Matias Eduardo; Lopez, María Laura; Buc, Natacha This article provides results from a full morphological, use-wear and microfossil residue analysis of a notched bone tool made from a camelid scapula, which was recovered from the late pre-Hispanic site of Boyo Paso 2 (1500-750 years BP, Sierras of Córdoba, Argentina). The use-wear pattern showed striations similar to those recorded in experimental bone tools used for scraping activities. The starch grains found on the active or working edge are similar to the Andean tuber crop Oxalis tuberosa, and suggest that the tool was used for peeling wild or domesticated Oxalis sp. tubers, thereby questioning the disproportionate attention directed towards maize in late pre-Hispanic economies.

Determination of a predictive cleavage motif for eluted major histocompatibility complex class II ligands Paul, Sinu; Karosiene, Edita; Dhanda, Sandeep Kumar; Jurtz, Vanessa; Edwards, Lindy; Nielsen, Morten; Sette, Alessandro; Peters, Bjoern CD4+ T cells have a major role in regulating immune responses. They are activated by recognition of peptides mostly generated from exogenous antigens through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II pathway. Identification of epitopes is important and computational prediction of epitopes is used widely to save time and resources. Although there are algorithms to predict binding affinity of peptides to MHC II molecules, no accurate methods exist to predict which ligands are generated as a result of natural antigen processing. We utilized a dataset of around 14,000 naturally processed ligands identified by mass spectrometry of peptides eluted from MHC class II expressing cells to investigate the existence of sequence signatures potentially related to the cleavage mechanisms that liberate the presented peptides from their source antigens. This analysis revealed preferred amino acids surrounding both N- and C-terminuses of ligands, indicating sequence-specific cleavage preferences. We used these cleavage motifs to develop a method for predicting naturally processed MHC II ligands, and validated that it had predictive power to identify ligands from independent studies. We further confirmed that prediction of ligands based on cleavage motifs could be combined with predictions of MHC binding, and that the combined prediction had superior performance. However, when attempting to predict CD4+ T cell epitopes, either alone or in combination with MHC binding predictions, predictions based on the cleavage motifs did not show predictive power. Given that peptides identified as epitopes based on CD4+ T cell reactivity typically do not have well-defined termini, it is possible that motifs are present but outside of the mapped epitope. Our attempts to take that into account computationally did not show any sign of an increased presence of cleavage motifs around well-characterized CD4+ T cell epitopes. While it is possible that our attempts to translate the cleavage motifs in MHC II ligand elution data into T cell epitope predictions were suboptimal, other possible explanations are that the cleavage signal is too diluted to be detected, or that elution data are enriched for ligands generated through an antigen processing and presentation pathway that is less frequently utilized for T cell epitopes.