Proteomic and functional analysis identifies galectin-1 as a novel regulatory component of the cytotoxic granule machinery Clemente, Tiago; Vieira, Narcisio J.; Cerliani, Juan Pablo; Adrain, Colin; Luthi, Alexander; Dominguez, Mariana; Yon, Monica; Barrence, Fernanda C.; Riul, Thalita B.; Cummings, Richard D.; Zorn, Thelma; Amigorena, Sebastian; Dias Baruffi, Marcelo; Rodriguez, Mauricio M.; Seamus, J. Martin; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián; Amarante Mendez, Gustavo P. Secretory granules released by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are powerful weapons against intracellular microbes and tumor cells. Despite significant progress, there is still limited information on the molecular mechanisms implicated in target-driven degranulation, effector cell survival and composition and structure of the lytic granules. Here, using a proteomic approach we identified a panel of putative cytotoxic granule proteins, including some already known granule constituents and novel proteins that contribute to regulate the CTL lytic machinery. Particularly, we identified galectin-1 (Gal1), an endogenous immune regulatory lectin, as an integral component of the secretory granule machinery and unveil the unexpected function of this lectin in regulating CTL killing activity. Mechanistic studies revealed the ability of Gal1 to control the non-secretory lytic pathway by influencing Fas?Fas ligand interactions. This study offers new insights on the composition of the cytotoxic granule machinery, highlighting the dynamic cross talk between secretory and non-secretory pathways in controlling CTL lytic function.

Reductive amination of levulinic acid to different pyrrolidones on Ir/SiO2-SO3H: Elucidation of reaction mechanism Martínez, José J.; Silva, Leonardo; Rojas, Hugo A.; Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo; Santos, Lucas A.; Ramalho, Teodorico C.; Brijaldo, María H.; Passos, Fabio B. Levulinic acid (LA) transformation to different pyrrolidones via reductive amination was studied using an Ir/SiO2-SO3H catalyst in liquid phase. The effects of solvent, amine concentration, H2 partial pressure, catalyst mass, and reuse were studied. The spent catalysts were evaluated by DRIFTS to obtain evidence of the interaction of levulinic acid with aniline on the catalyst surface. The sulfonic groups on SiO2 improved the yield to pyrrolidones and avoided side reactions. A reaction mechanism is proposed where the reductive amination occurs between LA and amine towards an intermediate amine that is then cycled. The Gibbs free energy for the reaction mechanism was evaluated. Besides, the HOMO and LUMO of the amine reactants and intermediates using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP-D3 method were theoretically determined to understand the rate-limiting and the cyclization steps.

Manifest ambiguity: Intermediate forms, variation, and mammal paleontology in Argentina, 1830–1880 Podgorny, Irina This paper presents the impact of diverse aspects of Darwin's works on the practices of mammal paleontology in different moments of nineteenth-century Argentina. Starting with Darwin through the publications of Florentino Ameghino, it shows the extraordinary complexity of systematic paleontology that characterized the second half of the nineteenth century. Neither “natural selection” nor “struggle for life” seemed to have shaped the practices of vertebrate paleontology in Argentina. Darwin's earlier work as a voyageur and geologist together with later concerns about intermediate forms and variation allow for an assessment of the impact of Darwin's work on the practice of paleontology in Argentina.

Cash transfers and female labor force participation: the case of AUH in Argentina Garganta, Santiago; Gasparini, Leonardo Carlos; Marchionni, Mariana In this paper, we estimate the impact on female labor force participation of a massive conditional cash transfer program—Universal Child Allowance, AUH—launched in Argentina in 2009. We identify the intention-to-treat effect by comparing eligible and non-eligible women over time through a diff-in-diff methodology. The results suggest a negative and economically significant effect of the program on female labor force participation. The disincentive to participate is present for married women, while the effect is not statistically significant for unmarried women with children. We also find evidence on the heterogeneity of the effect depending on woman’s education, husband’s employment status, number and age of children, and whether the woman is the main responsible of domestic chores. The relatively large value of the benefit and the fact that transfers are mostly directed to mothers may explain the sizeable effect of the program on female labor supply. The welfare implications of the results are not clear and deserve further inspection. JEL Classification: H53, I38, J16, J22.

Nanotoxicological and teratogenic effects: A linkage between dendrimer surface charge and zebrafish developmental stages Calienni, Maria Natalia; Feas, Daniela Agustina; Igartúa, Daniela; Chiaramoni, Nadia Silvia; Alonso, Silvia del Valle; Prieto, Maria Jimena This article reports novel results about nanotoxicological and teratogenic effects of the PAMAM dendrimers DG4 and DG4.5 in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish embryos and larvae were used as a rapid, high-throughput, cost-effective whole-animal model. The objective was to provide a more comprehensive and predictive developmental toxicity screening of DG4 and DG4.5 and test the influence of their surface charge. Nanotoxicological and teratogenic effects were assessed at developmental, morphological, cardiac, neurological and hepatic level. The effect of surface charge was determined in both larvae and embryos. DG4 with positive surface charge was more toxic than DG4.5 with negative surface charge. DG4 and DG4.5 induced teratogenic effects in larvae, whereas DG4 also induced lethal effects in both zebrafish embryos and larvae. However, larvae were less sensitive than embryos to the lethal effects of DG4. The platform of assays proposed and data obtained may contribute to the characterization of hazards and differential effects of these nanoparticles.

New insights into Trypanosoma cruzi evolution, genotyping and molecular diagnostics from satellite DNA sequence analysis Ramirez Gomez, Juan Carlos; Torres, Carolina; Curto, Maria de Los Angeles; Schijman, Alejandro Gabriel Trypanosoma cruzi has been subdivided into seven Discrete Typing Units (DTUs), TcI-TcVI and Tcbat. Two major evolutionary models have been proposed to explain the origin of hybrid lineages, but while it is widely accepted that TcV and TcVI are the result of genetic exchange between TcII and TcIII strains, the origin of TcIII and TcIV is still a matter of debate. T. cruzi satellite DNA (SatDNA), comprised of 195 bp units organized in tandem repeats, from both TcV and TcVI stocks were found to have SatDNA copies type TcI and TcII; whereas contradictory results were observed for TcIII stocks and no TcIV sequence has been analyzed yet. Herein, we have gone deeper into this matter analyzing 335 distinct SatDNA sequences from 19 T. cruzi stocks representative of DTUs TcI-TcVI for phylogenetic inference. Bayesian phylogenetic tree showed that all sequences were grouped in three major clusters, which corresponded to sequences from DTUs TcI/III, TcII and TcIV; whereas TcV and TcVI stocks had two sets of sequences distributed into TcI/III and TcII clusters. As expected, the lowest genetic distances were found between TcI and TcIII, and between TcV and TcVI sequences; whereas the highest ones were observed between TcII and TcI/III, and among TcIV sequences and those from the remaining DTUs. In addition, signature patterns associated to specific T. cruzi lineages were identified and new primers that improved SatDNA-based qPCR sensitivity were designed. Our findings support the theory that TcIII is not the result of a hybridization event between TcI and TcII, and that TcIV had an independent origin from the other DTUs, contributing to clarifying the evolutionary history of T. cruzi lineages. Moreover, this work opens the possibility of typing samples from Chagas disease patients with low parasitic loads and improving molecular diagnostic methods of T. cruzi infection based on SatDNA sequence amplification

Letter to the editor: Longitudinal stability of neurocognitive subtypes in bipolar disorder Martino, Diego Javier; Scápola, María; Strejilevich, Sergio

Milagros, Prodigios y Magia en el Poema de Alfonso Onceno Janin, Erica Noemi En este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar la funcionalidad de diversos elementos sobrenaturales relacionados a lo milagroso, lo mágico y lo prodigioso en el Poema de Alfonso Onceno para demostrar que el uso de estos elementos vinculados a Alfonso XI cumpliría una función laudatoria y propagandística no solo de su figura regia sino también de su proyecto político.

Dos “fuas” en los años setenta: El movimiento estudiantil en las postrimerías de la “Revolución Argentina”; Two “fuas” in the seventies: The student movement in the aftermath of the “Argentine Revolution” Califa, Juan Sebastián A fines de 1970 los comunistas dieron vida en LaPlata a una nueva Federación Universitaria Argentina(FUA) que confrontó con la FUA ya existente,cuyo congreso sesionó poco después en Córdoba.En esta segunda federación se destacarían los mao-ístas del FAUDI, los socialistas del MNR, los militantesde la izquierda nacional del PSIN y los radicales,socialistas y anarquistas, con creciente pesode los primeros, de la Franja Morada. En este artículome propongo reconstruir la trayectoria deambas federaciones, atendiendo a los debates quemantuvieron en momentos donde la dictaduraautoproclamada ?Revolución Argentina? se encontrabaen retirada. Se pretende ofrecer una síntesisgeneral del estado de situación del movimientoestudiantil argentino y de sus principales agrupaciones.Para ello, se recurrirá a documentos deambas federaciones, hasta ahora no abordados, asícomo a revistas de la prensa partidaria y comercialdel período y la literatura en cuestión.; At the end of 1970 the communists gave life in La Plata to a new Argentine University Federation (FUA) that confronted with the existing FUA, whose congress was soon to be held in Cordoba. In this second federation, the maoists of the FAUDI, the socialists of the MNR, the militants of the national left of the PSIN and the radicals, socialists and anarchists, with growing weight of the first, of the Franja Morada would stand out. In this article I rebuild the history of both federations, taking into account the debates they had in moments when the self-proclaimed dictatorship "Argentine Revolution" was in retreat. It aims to provide a general synthesis of the state of the Argentine student movement and its main groups. To do so, we will use documents from both federations, hitherto unaddressed, as well as magazines from the party and commercial press of the period and literature in question.

Filiaciones incómodas y subjetividad: una lectura de Los Topos, de Félix Bruzzone; Una misma noche, de Leopoldo Brizuela y Una muchacha muy bella, de Julián López; Uncomfortable filiations and subjectivity: a reading of Los Topos (F. Bruzzone); Una misma noche (L. Brizuela) and Una muchacha muy bella (J. López) Daona, Victoria Este artículo indaga en los procesos de conformación de las subjetividades frente a experiencias de filiación traumáticas en la infancia, a partir de analizar Los Topos (2008) de Félix Bruzzone, Una misma noche (2012) de Leopoldo Brizuela y Una muchacha muy bella (2014) de Julián López. En estos tres casos los narradores se posicionan como hijos que esquivan o cuestionan el accionar de sus padres y madres durante los años ‘70, a la vez que construyen una posición que pretende estar desligada de ese pasado familiar. Sin embargo, ninguno lo logra puesto que las marcas del pasado vuelven en el presente asumiendo distintas formas, lo que nos permite hablar de filiaciones incómodas que inciden fuertemente en la conformación de las subjetividades de cada narrador.; This article investigates in the processes of conformation of the subjectivities in front of experiences of traumatic filiations in the childhood, from analyzing Los Topos (2008) by Felix Bruzzone, Una misma noche (2012) by Leopoldo Brizuela and Una muchacha muy bella (2014) by Julián López. In these three cases, the narrators position themselves as children who dodge or question the actions of their parents during the 1970s and at the same time construct a position that pretends to be disconnected from that family past. However, none of them succeed because the marks of the past return in the present assuming different forms, which allows us to speak of uncomfortable filiations that strongly influence the conformation of the subjectivities of each narrator.

Lo sobrenatural como impronta monástico-clerical en el Poema de Fernán González Alcatena, María Eugenia El Poema de Fernán González fue compuesto, según diversas estimaciones, entre 1250 y 1275. Se conjetura que su autor fue un clérigo vinculado al monasterio de San Pedro de Arlanza, en Hortigüela1 . El Poema reelabora en torno a la figura de Fernán González varias tradiciones y materiales previos –épicos (entre ellos, de acuerdo con gran parte de la crítica, un cantar sobre el propio conde, del que solo se habrían conservado testimonios indirectos), folklóricos, clericales, cronísticos, hagiográficos, monacales– y entrelaza de manera indisociable la gesta del héroe con la fundación, la protección y la injerencia del monasterio, con la voluntad notoria de prestigiar a este último y promover sus intereses por sobre los de otros cenobios cercanos. En estos dos aspectos, es necesario considerar el poema clerical como un punto de llegada2 que recoge, reelabora y se hace eco de relatos preexistentes, ya en circulación, con la intención de forjar una prosa superadora, consagrada con la autoridad que otorga la grand maestría del mester. Tomando estas consideraciones como marco, el presente trabajo se propone trazar una visión panorámica y sucinta del conjunto de elementos sobrenaturales y prodigiosos que aparecen en el relato, apuntando sus rasgos esenciales y su inserción en el argumento general, con el propósito de destacar, finalmente, su relevancia en la orientación monástico-clerical de la materia tradicional, donde cumplen un rol fundamental.

PRP en medicina regenerativa: fundamento biológico, preparación y clasificación Etulain, Julia Si bien las plaquetas son ampliamente reconocidaspor su rol clave en la hemostasia y la trombosis, numerosasevidencias han demostrado que estas células tambiénmodulan otros procesos fisiopatológicos incluyendola inflamación y la regeneración de tejidos. Estos fenómenosestán mediados por la liberación de factoresde crecimiento, citoquinas y moduladores de la matrizextracelular que promueven secuencialmente larevascularización del tejido dañado, la restauración deltejido conectivo y la regeneración de las células específicasde cada tejido. Por este motivo, los derivados deplasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) se emplean en medicinaregenerativa para el tratamiento de diversas situacionesclínicas incluyendo úlceras, quemaduras, reparaciónmuscular, ósea y recuperación de tejido postquirúrgica.Sin embargo, a pesar de las diversas aplicaciones, laeficacia de estos tratamientos está asociada a diversascontroversias causadas por la escasez de ensayos clínicoscontrolados y aleatorizados que prueben su eficacia,la falta de regulación y control en la implementaciónde estas terapias y la ausencia de consenso en las técnicasde preparación de PRP. En esta revisión se describenlos fundamentos biológicos subyacentes al uso deestos tratamientos, los diversos métodos de preparacióny aplicación de estos hemocomponentes, como asítambién las controversias y perspectivas futuras vinculadasal empleo del PRP en medicina regenerativa.

Hipercorrección grafémica en importaciones léxicas: Datos del español bonaerense; Hipercorrecció grafèmica en importacions lèxiques: Dades de l’espanyol de Buenos Aires; Graphemic hypercorrection in lexical imports: Data from Buenos Aires Spanish Hipperdinger, Yolanda Haydee Sobre la base de datos recogidos en el área dialectal bonaerense del español de la Argentina, analizamos en este artículo la hipercorrección encontrada en la escritura de importaciones léxicas provenientes de lenguas europeas de carácter internacional. Observamos que dicha hipercorrección asume casi exclusivamente la forma de una amplificación grafémica que, a su vez, consiste generalmente en una duplicación consonántica. Exploramos las razones de esa preferencia y concluimos que se debe a que la amplificación registrada no oscurece la relación con las respectivas realizaciones orales más extendidas,así como que en todos los casos los recursos empleados en la "exageración" referida forman efectivamente parte de las convenciones de las lenguas donantes, por lo que no implican otra innovación que la posicional.; En aquest article analitzem la hipercorrecció verificada en l’escriptura d’importacions lèxiques provinents de llengües europees de caràcter internacional a partir d’escrits obtinguts de la base de dades que recull textos de l’àrea dialectal de Buenos Aires de l’espanyol de l’Argentina. Observem que aquesta hipercorrecció assumeix gairebé exclusivament la forma d’una amplificació grafèmica que, al seu torn, consisteix generalment en una duplicació consonàntica. Explorem les raons d’aquesta preferència i concloem que es deu al fet que l’amplificació registrada no enfosqueix la relació amb les respectives realitzacions orals més esteses. També hem observat que en tots els casos els recursos emprats en l’“exageració” referida formen efectivament part de les convencions de les llengües donants, de manera que no impliquen una altra innovació que la posicional.; We analyze in this article hypercorrection found in the writing of lexical imports from European languages of international level. The analysis is made on the basis of writings obtained from the database that includes texts from the dialectal area of Buenos Aires Spanish. We observe that such hypercorrection almost exclusively takes the form of a graphemic amplification that, in turn, generally consists of a consonant duplication. We explore the reasons for this preference and conclude that the registered amplification is preferred because it does not darken the relationship with the respective most widespread oral realizations. We have also observed that in all cases the resources used in the referred “exaggeration” are effectively part of the conventions of donor languages, so they do not involve another innovation but the positional one.

Three explanatory hypotheses of the correlation between hypertension and cognitive impairment. Current data analysis and future prospects; Tres hipótesis explicativas de la correlación entre hipertensión y deterioro cognitivo. Análisis de la producción actual y perspectivas futuras; Três hipoteses explicativas da correlação entre hipertensão e deterioro cognitivo. Análise da produção atual e perspectivas futuras Bruno, Franco; Alfonso, Guillermo; Martino, Pablo; Cervigni, Mauricio Alejandro La prevalencia de patologías relacionadas con hipertensión se está incrementando en el total de la población. Este fenómeno parece estar relacionado con el envejecimiento poblacional, provocando también un incremento en los tratamientos con medicación crónica. El costo de los tratamientos crónicos aumentó en este rango etario provocando una anticipación de los cambios demográficos previstos. Objetivo: Revisar artículos empíricos concernientes a la correlación entre hipertensión y deterioro cognitivo publicados en base de datos digitales, con el propósito de reunir los conocimientos actuales e identificar posibles caminos para futuras investigaciones. Resultados: La correlación entre esos dos términos es resumida en tres explicaciones teóricas, observando: 1) deterioro cognitivo como desorden comórbido de trastornos hipertensivos, 2) deterioro cognitivo como consecuencia del daño cerebral provocado por hipertensión, y 3) deterioro cognitivo como efecto indeseable de la medicación antihipertensiva. Conclusiones: Los resultados pretenden brindar una visión general del impacto de la hipertensión en el desempeño cognitivo en sus diferentes niveles; al mismo tiempo, formular objetivos para nuevas investigaciones tendientes a clarificar y mejorar estas elucidaciones teóricas.; A prevalência de patologias relacionadas com a hipertensão está incrementando no total da população. Este fenômeno parece estar relacionado com o envelhecimento populacional, provocando também um incremento nos tratamentos com medicação crônica. O custo dos tratamentos crônicos aumentou neste rango etário provocando uma antecipação dos câmbios demográficos previstos. Objetivo: Revisar artigos empíricos concernentes à correlação entre hipertensão e deterioro cognitivo publicados em base de dados digitais, com o propósito de reunir os conhecimentos atuais e identificar possíveis caminhos para futuras investigações. Resultados: A correlação entre esses dois termos é resumida em três explicações teóricas, observando: 1) deterioro cognitivo como desordem comórbido de transtornos hipertensivos, 2) deterioro cognitivo como consequência do dano cerebral provocado por hipertensão, e 3) deterioro cognitivo como efeito indesejável da medicação anti-hipertensiva. Conclusões: Os resultados pretendem brindar uma visão geral do impacto da hipertensão no desempenho cognitivo em seus diferentes níveis; ao mesmo tempo, formular objetivos para novas investigações tendentes a clarificar e melhorar estas elucidações teóricas.; Prevalence of hypertension related disorders isincreasing on the total population. This phenomenonseems to be connected to population ageing and hasled to an increment of chronic drug treatments. Thecost of chronic treatment in this age group will increase,given the demographic changes that are anticipated.Objective: To revise empirical articles concerningto correlation between hypertension and cognitiveimpairment published in digital databases, respondingto the purpose of collect current knowledge and identifypossible pathways for future research. Results: Thecorrelation between these two terms is summarized inthree theoretical explanations, watching: 1) cognitiveimpairment as a comorbid disorder with hypertensivediseases, 2) hypertension as a brain damage causal thatlead to cognitive impairment, and 3) cognitive impairment as an undesirable effect of antihypertensive medication.Conclusions: Results pretend to provide an overview about theimpact of hypertension on cognitive performance at differentlevels, and to formulate objectives for new investigations thatcould clarify and improve these theoretical elucidations.

La representación "problemática habitacional" en normas legales del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (período 2008-2014): análisis de la categorización y la focalización discursivas; The representation housing problems in legal norms of the government of the city of Buenos Aires (2008-2014 period): analysis of discursive categorization and focalization Marchese, Mariana Carolina Este trabajo estudia la construcción discursiva de la problemática habitacional en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires desde 2008 hasta 2014. El interés en dicha problemática radica en que, aunque la Constitución de la Ciudad (artículo 31) reconoce el acceso al derecho a la vivienda, priorizando a aquellos habitantes con escasos recursos económicos; los conflictos en materia habitacional se tornaron centrales. El corpus está compuesto por discursos legales producidos por el Gobierno de la Ciudad, el paradigma de investigación es el interpretativista, el marco teórico es el ACD, la metodología es cualitativa con triangulación de datos y se aplican las fases primera y segunda del Método de abordajes lingüísticos convergentes, respectivamente, el análisis de la categorización y la focalización discursivas.; This paper studies the discursive construction of the housing problems in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires from 2008 to 2014. The interest in these problems lies in the fact that, even though the City’s Constitution (31th article) acknowledges the right to access to housing giving priority to those inhabitants with scarce economic resources, the conflicts around housing issues have become central. The corpus consists in legal discourses produced by the City’s Government, the research paradigm is interpretativist, the theoretical framework is CDA, the methodology is qualitative with data triangulation and the first and second phases of the Converging linguistic approaches method are applied, i.e. respectively, the analysis of discursive categorization and focalization.; Este trabalho estuda a construção discursiva da problemática habitacional na Cidade Autônoma de Buenos Aires desde 2008 até 2014. O interesse em tal problemática consiste em que, ainda que a Constituição da Cidade (artigo 31) reconhece o acesso ao direito à casa própria, priorizando os habitantes com baixos recursos econômicos, os conflitos habitacionais tornaram-se centrais. O corpus está composto por discursos legais produzidos pelo Governo da Cidade, o paradigma de investigação é interpretativista, o marco teórico é o ACD, a metodologia é qualitativa com triangulação de dados e aplica-se a primeira e segunda fase do Método de abordagens linguísticos convergentes, respectivamente, a análise da categorização e a focalização discursivas.

Modeling the response of maize phenology, kernel set, and yield components to heat stress and heat shock with CSM-IXIM Lizaso, J. I.; Ruiz Ramos, M.; Rodríguez, L.; Gabaldon Leal, C.; Oliveira, J. A.; Lorite, I. J.; Rodríguez, A.; Maddonni, Gustavo Angel; Otegui, Maria Elena The available evidence suggests that the current increasing trend in global surface temperatures will continueduring this century, which will be accompanied by a greater frequency of extreme events. The IPCC has projectedthat higher temperatures may outscore the known optimal and maximum temperatures for maize. Thepurpose of this study was to improve the ability of the maize model CSM-IXIM to simulate crop development,growth, and yield under hot conditions, especially with regards to the impact of above-optimal temperaturesaround anthesis. Field and greenhouse experiments that were performed over three years (2014?2016) using thesame short-season hybrid, PR37N01 (FAO 300), provided the data for this work. Maize was sown at a targetpopulation density of 5 plants m−2 on two sowing dates in 2014 and 2015 and on one in 2016 at three locationsin Spain (northern, central, and southern Spain) with a well-defined thermal gradient. The same hybrid was alsosown in two greenhouse chambers with daytime target temperatures of approximately 25 and above 35 °C.During the nighttime, the temperature in both chambers was allowed to equilibrate with the outside temperature.The greenhouse treatments consisted of moving 18 plants at selected phenological stages (V4, V9, anthesis,lag phase, early grain filling) from the cool chamber to the hot chamber over a week and then returning theplants back to the cool chamber. An additional control treatment remained in the cool chamber all season, and in2015 and 2016, one treatment remained permanently in the hot chamber. Two maize models in the DecisionSupport System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) V4.6 were compared, namely CERES and IXIM. The IXIMversion included additional components that were previously developed to improve the crop N simulation and toincorporate the anthesis-silking interval (ASI). A new thermal time calculation, a heat stress index, the impact ofpollen-sterilizing temperatures, and the explicit simulation of male and female flowering as affected by the dailyheat conditions were added to IXIM. The phenology simulation in field experiments by IXIM improved substantially.The RMSE for silking and maturity in CERES were 7.9 and 13.7 days, decreasing in IXIM to 2.8 and7.3 days, respectively. Similarly, the estimated kernel numbers, kernel weight, grain yield and final biomasswere always closer to the measurements in IXIM than in CERES. The worst simulations were for kernel weight,and for that reason, the differences in grain yield between the models were small (the RMSE in CERES was1219 kg ha−1 vs. 1082 kg ha−1 in IXIM). The greenhouse results also supported the improved estimations ofcrop development by IXIM (RMSE of 2.6 days) relative to CERES (7.4 days). The impact of the heat treatments ongrain yield was consistently overestimated by CERES, while IXIM captured the general trend. The new IXIMmodel improved the CERES simulations when elevated temperatures were included in the evaluation data.Additional model testing with measurements from a wider latitudinal range and relevant heat conditions arerequired.

Las bibliotecas del CONICET: hacia la Red Federada de Recursos de Información (ReFeRI) Diessler, Gabriela; Perez, Monica Beatriz; Prieto, Mirna Silvina; Carsen, Tatiana Maria; Bosch, Maria Angelina Elsa El artículo intenta identificar y caracterizar a las bibliotecas del CONICET consideradas como unidades de información especializadas, de manera de responder sobre su adaptación a los nuevos desafíos planteados para este tipo de bibliotecas. Partiendo de la estructura organizacional de la Institución mayor y de los antecedentes existentes, se presenta el trabajo de investigación de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo emprendido por las autoras en el marco de Red Federada de Recursos de Información (ReFeRI). La investigación fue llevada a cabo en dos etapas: "Identificación" y "Encuesta" sobre 55 bibliotecas participantes, las cuales cumplen con las características de las bibliotecas especializadas; y de ellas al menos el 40 % presta servicios acordes a los nuevos desafíos. La investigación permitió recuperar una gran variedad de datos que se presentan, entre ellos: especialización temática de las unidades de información, distribución; servicios y actividades relacionadas; cantidad, competencias y habilidades específicas del personal, entre otros. Esperamos que estos resultados, los primeros en muchos años, puedan servir como material para futuras investigaciones y para el trazado de políticas de información hacia las bibliotecas del CONICET.

Calcium dynamics in tomato pollen tubes using the Yellow Cameleon 3.6 sensor Barberini, María Laura; Sigaut, Lorena; Huang, Weijie; Mangano, Silvina; Denita Juárez, Silvina Paola; Marzol, Eliana; Estevez, Jose Manuel; Obertello, Mariana; Pietrasanta, Lia; Tang, Weihua; Muschietti, Jorge Prometeo Key message: In vitro tomato pollen tubes show a cytoplasmic calcium gradient that oscillates with the same period as growth. Abstract: Pollen tube growth requires coordination between the tip-focused cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) gradient and the actin cytoskeleton. This [Ca2+]cyt gradient is necessary for exocytosis of small vesicles, which contributes to the delivery of new membrane and cell wall at the pollen tube tip. The mechanisms that generate and maintain this [Ca2+]cyt gradient are not completely understood. Here, we studied calcium dynamics in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pollen tubes using transgenic tomato plants expressing the Yellow Cameleon 3.6 gene under the pollen-specific promoter LAT52. We use tomato as an experimental model because tomato is a Solanaceous plant that is easy to transform, and has an excellent genomic database and genetic stock center, and unlike Arabidopsis, tomato pollen is a good system to do biochemistry. We found that tomato pollen tubes showed an oscillating tip-focused [Ca2+]cyt gradient with the same period as growth. Then, we used a pharmacological approach to disturb the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, evaluating how the [Ca2+]cyt gradient, pollen germination and in vitro pollen tube growth were affected. We found that cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a drug that inhibits plant PIIA-type Ca2+-ATPases, increased [Ca2+]cyt in the subapical zone, leading to the disappearance of the Ca2+ oscillations and inhibition of pollen tube growth. In contrast, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), an inhibitor of Ca2+ released from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm in animals cells, completely reduced [Ca2+]cyt at the tip of the tube, blocked the gradient and arrested pollen tube growth. Although both drugs have antagonistic effects on [Ca2+]cyt, both inhibited pollen tube growth triggering the disappearance of the [Ca2+]cyt gradient. When CPA and 2-APB were combined, their individual inhibitory effects on pollen tube growth were partially compensated. Finally, we found that GsMTx-4, a peptide from spider venom that blocks stretch-activated Ca2+ channels, inhibited tomato pollen germination and had a heterogeneous effect on pollen tube growth, suggesting that these channels are also involved in the maintenance of the [Ca2+]cyt gradient. All these results indicate that tomato pollen tube is an excellent model to study calcium dynamics.

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast overexpresses MUC4 and is associated with poor outcome to adjuvant trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer Mercogliano, María Florencia; Inurrigarro, Gloria; de Martino, Mara; Venturutti, Leandro; Rivas, Martin Alfredo; Cordo Russo, Rosalia Ines; Proietti Anastasi, Cecilia Jazmín; Fernandez, Elmer Andres; Frahm, Isabel; Barchuk, Sabrina; Allemand, Daniel H.; Figurelli, Silvina; Gil Deza, Ernesto; Ares, Sandra; Gercovich, Felipe G.; Cortese, Eduardo; Amasino, Matías; Guzmán, Pablo; Roa, Juan C.; Elizalde, Patricia Virginia; Schillaci, Roxana Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast (IMPC) is a histological tumor variant that occurs with low frequency characterized by an inside-out formation of tumor clusters with a pseudopapillary arrangement. IMPC is an aggressive tumor with poor clinical outcome. In addition, this histological subtype usually expresses human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) which also correlates with a more aggressive tumor. In this work we studied the clinical significance of IMPC in HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant trastuzumab. We also analyzed mucin 4 (MUC4) expression as a novel biomarker to identify IMPC.

Galectin-1: A Jack-of-all-trades in the resolution of acute and chronic inflammation Sundblad, Victoria; Morosi, Luciano Gastón; Geffner, Jorge Raúl; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián Regulatory signals provide negative input to immunologicalnetworks promoting resolution of acute andchronic inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of afamily of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins,displays broad anti-inflammatory and proresolvingactivities by targeting multiple immune cell types. Withinthe innate immune compartment, Gal-1 acts as a resolutionassociatedmolecular pattern by counteracting the synthesisof proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting neutrophiltrafficking, targeting eosinophil migration and survival,and suppressing mast cell degranulation. Likewise, thislectin controls T cell and B cell compartments by modulatingreceptor clustering and signaling, thus serving asa negative-regulatory checkpoint that reprograms cellularactivation, differentiation, and survival. In this review,we discuss the central role of Gal-1 in regulatoryprograms operating during acute inflammation, autoimmunediseases, allergic inflammation, pregnancy, cancer,and infection. Therapeutic strategies aimed at targetingGal-1?glycan interactions will contribute to overcomecancer immunosuppression and reinforce antimicrobialimmunity, whereas stimulation of Gal-1?driven immunoregulatorycircuits will help to mitigate exuberant inflammation.