Nanosilver toxicity in gills of a neotropical fish: Metal accumulation, oxidative stress, histopathology and other physiological effects Ale, Analía; Bacchetta, Carla; Rossi, Andrea Silvana; Galdopórpora, Juan Manuel; Desimone, Martín Federico; de la Torre, Fernando Roman; Gervasio, Susana Graciela; Cazenave, Jimena The widespread and increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) as biocide results in an unknown release into the aquatic environment. In order to contribute to the understanding of their potential toxicity, the aim of this study was to analyze branchial multiple biomarkers on the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. We exposed fish to sublethal AgNP concentrations: 0 (control), 2.5 and 25.0 µg L−1. After 5 and 15 days, we analyzed in gills total Ag accumulation, oxidative stress markers (antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases activities (ALT, AST) and histopathologies (morphometric analysis, proportion of the secondary lamellae available for gas exchange, reaction indexes, and organ index -Igills-) that included mucus cell count (MCc). The Ag accumulation after 15 days was five times higher than after 5 days in the case of 25.0 μg AgNP L−1-exposure. Regarding oxidative stress, all enzymes activities were inhibited after 5 days at both AgNP concentrations. ALT activity decreased and a reduction in the antioxidant capacity was evidenced after 2.5 µg AgNP L−1 and 15 days. LPO levels and AST activity increased after the highest time of exposure and AgNP concentration, and the same occurred with Igills. MCc increased after 15 days at both AgNP concentrations. The results confirmed that the presence of low AgNP concentrations, in short and subchronic exposures, generates alterations in stress biomarkers and in the structure of this vital organ that are the gills.

The significance of climate in the pollinator dynamics of a tropical agroforestry system Arnold, S.E.J.; Bridgemohan, P.; Perry, G.B.; Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo; Pierre, B.; Murray, Federico; Haughton, C.; Dockery, O.; Grey, L.; Murphy, S.T.; Belmain, S.R.; Stevenson, P.C. Even though many globally important tropical agroforestry crops are partially or completely dependent on insect pollination, the conditions influencing pollinator abundance in these systems are often incompletely understood. This is particularly the case for cocoa midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), which are essential for cocoa pollination and thus yield, but agro-ecological management frequently neglects them. We report the first assessment of cocoa midge population dynamics from two Caribbean countries across a full year, and relate this to seasonal climate variables. We used static suction traps along transects to sample insects monthly, from six cocoa farms across three Caribbean islands, with a particular focus on known pollinators of cocoa. A total of over 87,000 insects were captured, including more than 1800 cocoa midges. Midges were present in all months of the survey and on all sites, but typically comprised less than 2% of the total insects caught. At least twelve different species of cocoa midges were identified from this survey. The previous month's rainfall positively predicted cocoa midge absolute abundance and further analysis also revealed a relationship between rainfall and relative midge abundance. In particular, during drought periods, midge numbers were very low, consistent with their larval ecology. Humidity and mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures did not relate to midge abundance. Rainfall negatively influenced the Shannon-Weaver index. The findings highlight the possible threat of droughts to cocoa pollination services and the importance of proactive farm management to support them.

Against Moral Purism; Contra el purismo moral García Gibson, Francisco Moral purism is the view that doing evil is never allowed, even as a means to prevent a greater evil. This article assesses two main versions of moral purism and shows that they are implausible. The first version claims that it is always impermissible to choose an option that results in a bad states of affairs, while the second version claims that it is always impermissible to choose an option that is wrong, even if it is only prima facie wrong. I contend that both versions are incomplete, in the sense that they are unable to provide practical guidance for cases in which all available options result in bad states of affairs, or in which all available options are prima facie wrong.; El purismo moral es la perspectiva según la cual hacer el mal no está permitido nunca, ni siquiera como un medio para prevenir un mal mayor. Este artículo evalúa dos versiones principales del purismo moral y muestra que ellas son imposibles. La primera versión afirma que es siempre impermisible escoger una opción que resulte en malos estados de cosas, mientras que la segunda versión afirma que es siempre impermisible escoger una opción que está mal, incluso su está tan solo prima facie mal. Yo sostengo que ambas versiones son incompletas en el sentido de que son incapaces de proveer una guía práctica para los casos en los que todas las opciones disponibles resultan en malos estados de cosas o en los que todas las opciones disponibles son prima facie malas.

Differential effects of AMP-activated protein kinase in isolated rat atria subjected to simulated ischemia–reperfusion depending on the energetic substrates available Hermann, Romina; Mestre Cordero, Victoria Evangelina; Fernández Pazos, María de las Mercedes; Reznik, Federico Joaquin; Vélez, Débora Elisabet; Savino, Enrique Alberto; Marina Prendes, María Gabriela; Varela, Alicia AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine–threonine kinase that functions primarily as a metabolic sensor to coordinate anabolic and catabolic processes in the cell, via phosphorylation of multiple proteins involved in metabolic pathways, aimed to re-establish energy homeostasis at a cell-autonomous level. Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion represents a metabolic stress situation for myocytes. Whether AMPK plays a critical role in the metabolic and functional responses involved in these conditions remains uncertain. In this study, in order to gain a deeper insight into the role of endogenous AMPK activation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, we explored the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of AMPK on contractile function rat, contractile reserve, tissue lactate production, tissue ATP content, and cellular viability. For this aim, isolated atria subjected to simulated 75 min ischemia–75 min reperfusion (Is-Rs) in the presence or absence of the pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK (compound C) were used. Since in most clinical situations of ischemia–reperfusion the heart is exposed to high levels of fatty acids, the influence of palmitate present in the incubation medium was also investigated. The present results suggest that AMPK activity significantly increases during Is, remaining activated during Rs. The results support that intrinsic activation of AMPK has functional protective effects in the reperfused atria when glucose is the only available energetic substrate whereas it is deleterious when palmitate is also available. Cellular viability was not affected by either of these conditions.

Heterochromatin protein (HP)1γ is not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm interacting with actin in both cell compartments Charó, Nancy Lorena; Galigniana, Natalia Maricel; Piwien Pilipuk, Graciela Confocal and electron microscopy images, and WB analysis of cellular fractions revealed that HP1γ is in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm of C2C12 myoblasts, myotubes, skeletal and cardiac muscles, N2a, HeLa and HEK293T cells. Signal specificity was tested with different antibodies and by HP1γ knockdown. Leptomycin B treatment of myoblasts increased nuclear HP1γ suggesting that its nuclear export is Crm-1-dependent. HP1γ exhibited a filamentous pattern of staining partially co-localizing with actin in the cytoplasm of myotubes and myofibrils. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis showed high-density immunogold particles that correspond to HP1γ localized to the Z-disk and A-band of the sarcomere of skeletal muscle. HP1γ partially co-localized with actin in C2C12 myotubes and murine myofibrils. Importantly, actin co-immunoprecipitated with HP1γ in the nuclear and cytosolic fractions of myoblasts. Actin co-immunoprecipitated with HP1γ in myoblasts incubated in the absence or presence of the actin depolymerizing agent cytochalasin D, suggesting that HP1γ may interact with G-and F-actin. In the cytoplasm, HP1γ was associated to the perinuclear actin cap that controls nuclear shape and position. In the nucleus, re-ChIP assays showed that HP1γ-actin associates to the promoter and transcribed regions of the house keeping gene GAPDH, suggesting that HP1γ may function as a scaffold protein for the recruitment of actin to control gene expression. When HP1γ was knocked-down, myoblasts were unable to differentiate or originated thin myotubes. In summary, HP1γ is present in the nucleus and the cytoplasm interacting with actin, a protein complex that may exert different functions depending on its subcellular localization.

Reciprocal interactions between a facilitator, natives, and exotics in tropical alpine plant communities Llambí, Luis D.; Hupp, Nicole; Sáez, Agustín; Callaway, Ragan Facilitation by nurse plants has received considerable attention, but the feedback effects of beneficiaries on the benefactor fitness remain comparatively unexplored. In particular, to our knowledge there have been no studies of feedback effects of exotic species on nurse plants. Furthermore, there have been few studies of how exotic plants interact with native beneficiaries, potentially generating indirect effects on the nurse. Here, through spatial association analyses, we estimate the reciprocal interactions between the cushion nurse-plant Arenaria musciformis, native beneficiaries, and the dominant exotic Rumex acetosella (a fast growing heliophile species) in a tropical alpine ecosystem of the Venezuelan Andes, locally known as páramos. We recorded the density of natives and the exotic within Arenaria cushions and in paired open areas at three sites and calculated Relative Interaction Indices (RII) to explore the effects of the cushion. Then, we analyzed the feedback effects of Rumex and the natives on the density of flowers produced by Arenaria. Finally, we analyzed how Rumex abundance is related to the abundance of native species inside and outside cushions. RIIs indicated a facilitative effect of cushions on the abundance of native plants, but no effect on Rumex. We found a negative relationship between the density of natives and cushion flower density, but no such relationship for Rumex. However, at high densities, Rumex was negatively correlated with the abundance of the natives both inside and outside of cushions. Our results suggest the possibility of complex reciprocal interactions between nurses, natives and exotics, and that native and exotic plants can differ in their feedback effects on nurse cushions. Native plants appeared to be facilitated by cushions and then develop a parasitic relationship with their nurses. In contrast, the exotic Rumex had a neutral interaction with the nurse, but competitive effects on the native beneficiary community, which could indirectly modulate the feedback effects of natives on the nurse. These results highlight the importance of analyzing direct and indirect reciprocal interactions and the impacts of exotic invaders for understanding alpine community assembly.

Structural and electronic properties of Al-doped ZnO semiconductor nanopowders: Interplay between XRD and PALS experiments and first-principles/DFT modeling Damonte, Laura Cristina; Darriba, German Nicolas; Rentería, Mario A combined experimental and novel theoretical ab initio structural and electronic study was performed in order to characterize ZnO semiconductor nanopowders doped with Al atoms. For this, powder mixtures of ZnO and metallic Al in adequate proportions yielding different contents of Al (5, 10, and 30 at. %) were prepared by mechanical milling. The systems were characterized by X-ray diffraction and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements. Additionally, combining two first-principles methods based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT) we calculated the final equilibrium structures for different concentrations of Al dopants and Zn vacancies in ZnO, predicting afterwards the characteristic positron annihilation lifetimes at these equilibrium structures. In addition to the structural relaxations, the ab initio predictions of the electronic properties in the studied systems help us to understand deeper the origin and characteristics of different positrons traps. This experimental and ab initio/DFT combined study allows to verify the dopant incorporation into the ZnO wurtzite structure and to extract the maximum information from the experimental data, giving an insight into the different defect complexes and their influence in the structural and electrical properties.

Pattern formation mechanisms in sphere-forming diblock copolymer thin films Gomez, Leopoldo Raimundo; García, Nicolás A.; Register, Richard A.; Vega, Daniel Alberto The order–disorder transition of a sphere-forming block copolymer thin film was numerically stud-ied through a Cahn–Hilliard model. Simulations show that the fundamental mechanisms of patternformation are spinodal decomposition and nucleation and growth. The range of validity of each re-laxation process is controlled by the spinodal and order–disorder temperatures. The initial stagesof spinodal decomposition are well approximated by a linear analysis of the evolution equation ofthe system. In the metastable region, the critical size for nucleation diverges upon approaching theorder–disorder transition, and reduces to the size of a single domain as the spinodal is approached.Grain boundaries and topological defects inhibit the formation of superheated phases above the order–disorder temperature. The numerical results are in good qualitative agreement with experimental dataon sphere-forming diblock copolymer thin films.

Algal Community Structure of the Yalour Mausoleum, Cemetery of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Gómez de Saravia, Sandra Gabriela; Rastelli, Silvia Elena; Lofeudo, Rosana; Rosato, Vilma Gabriela Biologicla communities that form biofilms on buildings and monuments can not only discolour the surface, but also produce physical and chemical alterations [1] Althought the type of organisms that colonize the facades of cement constructions is diverse, the analyzes carried out "In situ" reveal that algaeare one of the initial and main colonizers [2]. The algae cancause bichemical deterioration , since they produce, like fungi, metabolites of a predominantly organic nature. The Cemetery of La Plata, founded by Benoit in 1887, hsa inits interior mausoleums and notable monuments of various styles worthy of patrimonial protection. One of them is the Yalour mausoleum that is uniformly covered by a black patina, with conspicuous spots of lighter shade. Various chemicals with biocidal activity are commonly added to interior and exterior to provide protection of algal growth. In order to select compounds that prevent and control biofilm formation , it is necessary to know what organisms generate it, how they are structured and what physiologyical activity they present.For this reason,the aim of this work wsa to characterize, from hrbioloogicla point of view, the biofilm developed on the mausoleum.

Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018 Galluzzi, Lorenzo; Vitale, Ilio; Aaronson, Stuart A.; Abrams, John M.; Adam, Dieter; Agostinis, Patrizia; Alnemri, Emad S.; Altucci, Lucia; Amelio, Ivano; Andrews, David W.; Annicchiarico Petruzzelli, Margherita; Antonov, Alexey V.; Arama, Eli; Baehrecke, Eric H.; Barlev, Nickolai A.; Bazan, Nicolas G.; Bernassola, Francesca; Bertrand, Mathieu J. M.; Bianchi, Katiuscia; Blagosklonny, Mikhail V.; Blomgren, Klas; Borner, Christoph; Boya, Patricia; Brenner, Catherine; Campanella, Anibal; Candi, Eleonora; Carmona Gutierrez, Didac; Cecconi, Francesco; Chan, Francis K. M.; Chandel, Navdeep S.; Cheng, Emily H.; Chipuk, Jerry E.; Cidlowski, John A.; Ciechanover, Aaron; Cohen, Gerald M.; Conrad, Marcus; Cubillos Ruiz, Juan R.; Czabotar, Peter E.; D´Angiolella, Vincenzo; Dawson, Ted M.; Dawson, Valina L.; De Laurenzi, Vincenzo; De Maria, Ruggero; Debatin, Klaus Michael; De Berardinis, Ralph J.; Deshmukh, Mohanish; Di Daniele, Nicola; Di Virgilio, Francesco; Dixit, Vishva M.; Dixon, Scott J.; Duckett, Colin S.; Dynlacht, Brian D.; El Deiry, Wafik S.; Elrod, John W.; Fimia, Gian Maria; Fulda, Simone; García Sáez, Ana J.; Garg, Abhishek D.; Garrido, Carmen; Gavathiotis, Evripidis; Golstein, Pierre; Gottlieb, Eyal; Green, Douglas R.; Greene, Lloyd A.; Gronemeyer, Hinrich; Gross, Atan; Hajnoczky, Gyorgy; Hardwick, J. Marie; Harris, Isaac S.; Hengartner, Michael O.; Hetz, Claudio; Ichijo, Hidenori; Jäättelä, Marja; Joseph, Bertrand; Jost, Philipp J.; Juin, Philippe P.; Kaiser, William J.; Karin, Michael; Kaufmann, Thomas; Kepp, Oliver; Kimchi, Adi; Kitsis, Richard N.; Klionsky, Daniel J.; Knight, Richard A.; Kumar, Sharad; Lee, Sam W.; Lemasters, John J.; Levine, Beth; Linkermann, Andreas; Lipton, Stuart A.; Lockshin, Richard A.; López Otín, Carlos; Lowe, Scott W.; Luedde, Tom; Lugli, Enrico; MacFarlane, Marion; Madeo, Frank; Malewicz, Michal; Malorni, Walter; Manic, Gwenola; Marine, Jean-Christophe; Martin, Seamus J.; Martinou, Jean Claude; Medema, Jan Paul; Mehlen, Patrick; Meier, Pascal; Melino, Sonia; Miao, Edward A.; Molkentin, Jeffery D.; Moll, Ute M.; Muñoz Pinedo, Cristina; Nagata, Shigekazu; Nuñez, Gabriel; Oberst, Andrew; Oren, Moshe; Overholtzer, Michael; Pagano, Michele; Panaretakis, Theocharis; Pasparakis, Manolis; Penninger, Josef M.; Pereira, David M.; Pervaiz, Shazib; Peter, Marcus E.; Piacentini, Mauro; Pinton, Paolo; Prehn, Jochen H.M.; Puthalakath, Hamsa; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián; Rehm, Markus; Rizzuto, Rosario; Rodrigues, Cecilia M.P.; Rubinsztein, David C.; Rudel, Thomas; Ryan, Kevin M.; Sayan, Emre; Scorrano, Luca; Shao, Feng; Shi, Yufang; Silke, John; Simon, Hans Uwe; Sistigu, Antonella; Stockwell, Brent R.; Strasser, Andreas; Szabadkai, Gyorgy; Tait, Stephen W.G.; Tang, Daolin; Tavernarakis, Nektarios; Thorburn, Andrew; Tsujimoto, Yoshihide; Turk, Boris; Vanden Berghe, Tom; Vandenabeele, Peter; Vander Heiden, Matthew G.; Villunger, Andreas; Virgin, Herbert W.; Vousden, Karen H.; Vucic, Domagoj; Wagner, Erwin F.; Walczak, Henning; Wallach, David; Wang, Ying; Wells, James A.; Wood, Will; Yuan, Junying; Zakeri, Zahra; Zhivotovsky, Boris; Zitvogel, Laurence; Melino, Gerry; Kroemer, Guido Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.

La propiedad de la lengua: Norma y uso en la obra de Ricardo Monner Sans; The property of language: Norm and usage in the work of Ricardo Monner Sans Lidgett, Esteban La cuestión de la pureza de la lengua ha sido un tópico largamente abordado en el estudio de los debates ideológico-lingüísticos de la hispanofonía. En este trabajo proponemos un análisis de las distintas conceptualizaciones que sobre la corrección lingüística se observan en la obra de Ricardo Monner Sans, a los efectos de dilucidar los vínculos entre su teoría lingüística-gramatical y su posición política sobre la lengua. Postulamos, en ese sentido, que estas conceptualizaciones son tributarias de una consideración más general sobre el uso y la pureza de la lengua que pretende una intervención normativa sobre las prácticas lingüísticas de la sociedad, sustentada en el saber filológico. De esta forma, la dimensión del uso se ve dividida entre un uso corriente que corresponde al uso generalizado de la comunidad y un buen uso, que es el que ha sido legislado por el saber filológico y que se constituye, por este motivo, en el criterio de corrección sobre el que se sustenta el ideal de la comunidad lingüística homogénea.; The question of purity in language has been a common topic in the fields of language ideological debates in the Spanish-speaking world. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the various conceptualizations on linguistic correctness in the work of Ricardo Monner Sans in order to elucidate the links between his linguistic theory and his position on language policy. In that sense, we assume that these conceptualizations should be analyzed as a consequence of a more general consideration about linguistic usage and purity. This consideration seeks a regulatory intervention on the linguistic practices of society based on philological knowledge. Thus, the dimension of usage is divided into a common usage which corresponds to the widespread use in community, and correct usage, that which has been legislated by philological knowledge and which is, for this reason, the criteria for linguistic correction on which the ideal of a homogeneous linguistic community is based.

Angular dependence of the magnetic properties of permalloy and nickel nanowires as a function of their diameters Raviolo, Sofia; Tejo, Felipe; Bajales Luna, Noelia; Escrig Murúa, Juan Eduardo In this paper we have compared the angular dependence of the magnetic properties of permalloy (Ni80Fe20) and nickel nanowires by means of micromagnetic simulations. For each material we have chosen two diameters, 40 and 100 nm. Permalloy nanowires with smaller diameters (d=40 nm) exhibit greater coercivity than nickel nanowires, regardless of the angle at which the external magnetic field is applied. In addition, both Py and Ni nanowires exhibit the same remanence values. However, the nanowires of larger diameters (d=100 nm) exhibit a more complex behavior, noting that for small angles, nickel nanowires are those that now exhibit a greater coercivity in comparison to those of permalloy. The magnetization reversal modes vary as a function of the angle at which the external field is applied. When the field is applied parallel to the wire axis, it reverts through nucleation and propagation of domain walls, whereas when the field is applied perpendicular to the axis, it reverts by a pseudo-coherent rotation. These results may provide a guide to control the magnetic properties of nanowires for use in potential applications.

La intervención del Estado en lo social y modelo agroalimentario en la Argentina posneoliberal; The intervention of the State in the social and agro-food model in post-neoliberal Argentina Ambrosi, Daniela Celeste En el nuevo milenio y en el marco del ‘giro a la izquierda’, luego de las transformaciones y consecuencias políticas, económicas y sociales producto del proyecto neoliberal y ante la presencia de actores sociales organizados y movilizados, desde el Estado se han implementado diversas estrategias de intervención en lo social, tanto en Argentina como en diversos países de América Latina. En esos sentidos, el presente artículo pretende aportar a las discusiones sobre la relación Estado, sociedad civil y mercado en el campo de las políticas sociales en Argentina. En términos de objetivos y a partir de la revisión de fuentes secundarias, se busca analizar las relaciones entre las políticas sociales y el modelo agroalimentario durante los diversos gobiernos en el contexto posneoliberal, identificando las estrategias políticas, económicas y sociales desplegadas desde el Estado, pero también aquellas prácticas y sentidos de apropiación cotidiana por parte de sus usuarios, evitando un enfoque instrumental de las mismas. En esta última dirección, hacia el final, se presentará el caso de la asignación universal por hijo (AUH) y la dimensión alimentaria.; In the new millennium, after the transformations and political, economic and social consequences, product of the neoliberal project and in the face of the presence of organized and mobilized social actors, from the government has implemented, in the context of the ‘left turn’, varied intervention strategies in the social item, in Argentina and many countries of Latin America. The present article aims to contribute to the discussions on the relationship between State, civil society and market in the field of social politics in Argentina. In terms of objectives and from the review of secondary sources, it seeks to analyze the relationships between social politics and the agro-food model during the several governments in the post-neoliberal context, identifying the political, economic and social strategies deployed from the State, but also those practices and meanings of daily appropriation by its users, avoiding an instrumental focus approach to them. In this last direction, towards the end, the case of the Asignación Universal por Hijo (Universal Child Allowance) will be presented on the food dimension.

Pathogen accumulation cannot undo the impact of invasive species Policelli, Nahuel; Chiuffo, Mariana Cecilia; Moyano, Jaime; Torres, Agostina; Rodriguez Cabal, Mariano Alberto; Nuñez, Martin Andres Pathogen accumulation can decrease, increase, or not change invasive species abundance, but their impacts may persist in all scenarios.

El Territorio como determinante de la salud comunitaria Muñoz Rodríguez, Laura Mariela; Musolino, Nicolás Esta propuesta de trabajo está vinculada a reflexionar en torno de las territorialidades y los procesos de organización de las poblaciones y comunidades con el anclaje de las herramientas de la salud colectiva, como procesos de fortalecimiento de dichas organizaciones a través de las disputas por los bienes comunes que impactan sobre la salud.- El espacio compartido, disputado y creado colectivamente adquiere sentido para una comunidad. Es comprendido como determinante de los procesos de salud-enfermedad de las subjetividades y de las comunidades; cuyo marco articula multiplicidades de acciones que se desarrollan en el contexto de la vida cotidiana. El capitalismo actual, desgarra al decir de Zibechi (2003) el espacio geográfico; provoca fragmentación y segregación de espacios, cuerpos y subjetividades; cuya respuesta y pretensión estatal es la represión en función de la expropiación y explotación. No sólo de dichos espacios y bienes comunes como mercancías, sino también de los mismos sujetos expulsados. Pensar los procesos de resistencia y ocupación de territorios de las colectividades y poblaciones en clave de salud comunitaria es un aporte en función de habitar y transformar dichos espacios en lugares y contextos en donde se disputa la vida.

Paleoecología de las poblaciones de Lama Guanicoe en el Sur de Mendoza: Implicancias para el registro arqueológico Abbona, Cinthia Carolina; Neme, Gustavo Adolfo; Wolverton Steve; Johnson Jeff; Giardina, Miguel Angel El guanaco ha sido el principal recurso alimenticio explotado por las poblaciones humanas del surde Mendoza durante todo el Holoceno. Es por ello que muchas de las discusiones planteadas acercade los cambios en la subsistencia, movilidad y variabilidad ambiental han tenido como eje dediscusión distintos aspectos de la ecología y estructura de las poblaciones de esta especie. Entreestas discusiones se ha planteado que el tamaño de las poblaciones de guanacos se habría vistoimpactado por la sobre explotación de este recurso alrededor de 2000 años AP, disparando unproceso de amplitud de dieta que incluyó el consumo de especies más pequeñas y la intensificaciónen el uso de recursos vegetales. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de los análisis de ADNantiguo sobre muestras arqueológicos y actuales de Lama guanicoe, los cuales son utilizados comoproxies del tamaño de las paleo poblaciones. Desde la diversidad genética se infiere el tamañoefectivo de las poblaciones de guanaco desde el Holoceno hasta el presente. Las muestras incluyenespecímenes de los últimos 9000 años provenientes de distintos sitios arqueológicos, en el sur de laprovincia de Mendoza. Los sitios seleccionados cubren la totalidad de los ambientes de la región,incluyendo las provincias fotogeográficas de Patagonia, el Monte y Altoandina.

CATMED: un catálogo de microfotografías electrónicas como recurso para la educación médica Gallardo, Cecilia Aymara; Martinez, Luciano Jose; Siñeriz Louis, Manuel; Esquivel, Hernán José; Fanjul, Roberto José; Albarracín, Virginia Helena Objetivos: Describir el repositorio digital de microfotografías obtenidas por microscopía electrónica en un catálogo de datos biológicos de interés educativo, para los servicios de salud, tanto para consulta y como uso de las mismas con fines educativos, de investigación y de divulgación científica. Metodología: Organizar y digitalizar aquellas microfotografías de la colección del Centro Integral de Microscopía Electrónica (CIME) de interés biomédico. De aproximadamente 60000 microfotografías que constituyen el repositorio que llamamos ReD-CIME se utiliza un 20% para la construcción de este “Catálogo Microfotográfico de Interés Biomédico” (CATMED). Se utilizaron las siguientes metodologías: i) desarrollo de protocolos de digitalización de calidad de los originales físicos; ii) descripción de la colección conforme estándares de descripción archivística; iii) diseño de sistema de almacenamiento eficaz; iv) desarrollo de protocolo de uso; v) diseño y puesta en línea de una plataforma web; vi) descripción de las microfotografías en dicha plataforma. Resultados: El CIME, cuyo servicio consiste en la visualización y análisis de muestras a elevadas magnificaciones y resoluciones con microscopios electrónicos de transmisión y barrido, desde su creación (1982), generó un acervo fotográfico de 40.000 imágenes en soporte flexible, y, 27700 imágenes nativas digitales. Del total de imágenes un 20 % corresponde a biopsias renales y de piel, 57,6% a material biológico en general y el resto a muestras no biológicas. Se digitalizaron y catalogaron 12200 imágenes en alta calidad, representando el 30,5 % del total a digitalizar -40000 fotogramas-. Se está desarrollando la plataforma web con diferentes sistemas de acceso. Conclusiones: ReD-CIME, constituye el primer y más completo repositorio digital de microfotografías de la región. En este trabajo, describimos un sub-set de microfotografías que pueden ser de interés biomédico (microfotografías de biopsias principalmente) y que denominamos CATMED. Su puesta a disposición en una plataforma web permitirá un acceso programado a un recurso valioso para la educación médica y capacitación continua, especialmente para anatomo-patólogos.

Matemáticas especiales para fisicoquímicos Vicente, Jose Luis; Rafti, Matias; Albesa, Alberto Gustavo La obra trata sobre las bases teóricas y algunas aplicaciones fisicoquímicas de lo que constituyen los fundamentos del análisis en el campo complejo y las ecuaciones diferenciales. La primera parte comprende el estudio de funciones en una variable compleja. Se desarrollan los temas de derivación, integración y series de potencias, en ese orden, con especial énfasis en los aspectos geométricos de tales desarrollos. La segunda parte cubre los temas de ecuaciones diferenciales, en especial el caso lineal. Se subdivide en ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias y en derivadas parciales. Para las ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias se discuten los problemas de valores iniciales y de contorno. También se presentan breves nociones de espacios de Hilbert y de distribuciones.

Regulatory Developments for Nonhematopoietic Stem Cell Therapeutics: Perspectives From the EU, the USA, Japan, China, India, Argentina, and Brazil Rosemann, Achim; Bortz, Gabriela Mijal; Vasen, Federico This chapter explores regulatory developments for non-hematopoietic stem cellstherapies in Japan, China, India, Argentina, Brazil, the USA and the European Union.The chapter illustrates that the research methods, ethical standards and approvalprocedures for the market use of non-hematopoietic stem cell interventions haveundergone an important process of global diversification. Part I introduces theregulatory conditions for non-hematopoietic clinical stem cell research andapplications in each of the above countries. Part II discusses these findings anddiscern three dynamics of regulatory diversification. Part III reflects on theadvantages and disadvantages of different regulatory approaches across countries.The forth and final Part examine some of the roadblocks that presently prevent theclinical translation of non-hematopoietic stem cell-based therapies.

Local Effective Hartree-Fock Potentials Obtained by the Depurated Inversion Method Mendez, Marta Patricia Alejandra; Mitnik, Dario Marcelo; Miraglia, Jorge Esteban In this work we show the results of a numerical experiment performed on the Hartree-Fock (HF) wave functions in order to understand the relationship between the positions of the orbital nodes and the inflection points (zeros of their second derivative). This analysis is equivalent to investigating the existence of a physical one-electron local potential representing the interactions between the electrons. We found that with successive improvements in the quality of the numerical methods, the nodes and the inflection points systematically become closer. When the nodes coincide exactly with the inflection points, the existence of an effective local potential would be proven. However, this requirement cannot be fulfilled unless an explicit constraint (missing in the standard method) is incorporated into the HF procedure. The depurated inversion method (DIM) was devised to obtain detailed nl-orbital potentials for atoms and molecules. The method is based on the inversion of Kohn-Sham-type equations, followed by a further careful optimization which eliminates singularities and also ensures the fulfillment of the appropriate boundary conditions. The orbitals resulting from these potentials have their internal inflection points located exactly at the nodes. In this way, the DIM can be employed to obtain effective potentials that accurately reproduce the HF orbitals.