Phoretic self-propulsion of microbubbles may contribute to surface cleaning Ubal, Sebastian; Lu, Jiakai; Corvalan, Carlos Maria Self-propulsion of small bubbles and droplets through the action of surface-tension gradients is relevant to important processes in both nature and technology, ranging from Marangoni propulsion of microorganisms to transport in microfluidic devices. Here, we use high-fidelity simulations to characterize the fluid dynamical and interfacial phenomena underlying the spontaneous self-propulsion of a small bubble approaching a solid surface. The spreading of surface active contamination at the front of the bubble creates the surface-tension gradient which propels the bubble forward through the Marangoni effect. Results for finite Reynolds numbers and a deformable bubble show that the impact of the active bubble with the solid surface generates fluid stresses that may contribute to the cleaning of fouled surfaces. This effect, however, depends strongly on the initial separation between the bubble and the solid surface.

Los guardaparques como actores en la Educación Ambiental para la Biodiversidad Barahona, Alexandra Daiana; Campos, Claudia Monica; Llano, Carina Lourdes; Nudelman, Laura Ruth; Diaz Isenrath, Gabriela Beatriz Las áreas naturales protegidas (ANPs) son un excelente escenario para las acciones de Educación Ambiental para la Biodiversidad (EAB). El objetivo fue analizar las redes de actores sociales que los guardaparques identifican como implicados en la EAB de las ANPs. Las relaciones que establecen con los actores y las propuestas de EAB que llevan a cabo. Los resultados muestran que una diversidad de actores sociales se relaciona con los guardaparques (municipalidades, escuelas rurales, voluntarios de tecnicaturas, pobladores locales, investigadores, ONGs, visitantes, organismos gubernamentales) a través de relaciones de afinidad o de tensión. Las escuelas rurales facilitan las relaciones con los pobladores, mientras que, los organismos que detentan más poder no se perciben como interesados en apoyar a los guardaparques en la EAB.; Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) are an excellent setting for Environmental Education for Biodiversity (EEB) actions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the networks of social actors that the park rangers identify as being involved in the EEB in the NPA, the relationships they establish with the actors and the EEB proposals that park rangers carry out. The results showed that a diversity of social actors are related to park rangers (municipalities, rural schools, technical degree volunteers, local residents, researchers, NGOs, visitors, government agencies), through relationships of affinity or tension. Rural schools facilitated relations with local residents, while the organizations that held more power were not perceived as interested in supporting park rangers in the EEB.

Determinants and costs of strategic enrollment of landowners in a payments for ecosystem services program in a deforestation hotspot: The Argentine Chaco forest Nuñez Godoy, Cristina Cecilia; Branch, Lyn Clarke; Pienaar, Elizabeth F.; Núñez Regueiro, Mauricio Manuel Understanding landowners’ decisions about how much land to enroll in payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs is essential to strategically target lands for conservation, prevent forest fragmentation, and thus maintain ecosystem services. In this study, we targeted private lands surrounding and connecting public protected areas in a deforestation hotspot, the Argentine Chaco forest. We used alternatively configured PES contracts in choice experiments to understand landowners’ decisions regarding how much land to enroll in PES. We found that factors influencing decisions on how much land to enroll differ from those influencing willingness to participate in PES. The percentage of their property that landowners were willing to enroll in the program increased with higher payments and permitted land use that closely aligned with traditional land use, specifically cattle ranching under tree canopy. Contract length was important in willingness to enroll but not in amount of land enrolled. Payments required to enroll all land in our study area, and thus conserve an unfragmented landscape, exceeded the financial resources of the Argentine PES program. Designing PES to enroll private lands on smaller strategic areas, in conjunction with other conservation initiatives, would be more effective than attempting to use PES alone to conserve large landscapes.

Recitações musicais: leituras e devoções místicas no sufismo marroquino; Musical recitations: mystical readings and devotions in Moroccan Sufism Ferraz Bartel, Bruno O objetivo do texto é analisar a importância das recitações musicais para a produção do estado religioso entre os discípulos da confraria sufi Hamdouchiya. Os textos utilizados e as formas devocionais existentes forjam os significados convergentes da vida cotidiana dos adeptos. Essas ações devem ser profundamente monitoradas e aperfeiçoadas pelos sujeitos como uma condição necessária para sua eficácia ritual. Compreendo que o processo de recitação musical presente nos locais de culto deve ser analisado como um conjunto de práticas responsáveis pela criação de uma autonomia religiosa aos sujeitos.; This article aims to analyze the importance of musical recitations for the religious state (of mind/body) among the disciples of the Sufi brotherhood Hamdouchiya. The texts used and the existing devotional forms forge the converging meanings of the daily life of the adepts. These actions must be deeply monitored and perfected by the subjects as a necessary condition for their ritual effectiveness. I highlight the process of musical recitation present in places of worship must be analyzed as a set of practices responsible for creating religious autonomy for the subjects.

Primeras aproximaciones al paisaje arqueológico de Cerro Tres Tetas, Meseta Central de Santa Cruz; First aprroaches to the archaeological landscape of Cerro Tres Tetas, Central Plateau of Santa Cruz Skarbun, Fabiana; Frank, Ariel David; Valiza Davis, Catalina; Paunero, Rafael A partir del estudio del paisaje social, en este trabajo abordamos la forma en que fue habitada la localidad arqueológica Cerro Tres Tetas (Meseta Central de Santa Cruz), por sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras en el pasado. Para tener un acercamiento inicial al paisaje del área, realizamos prospecciones que incluyeron transectas sistemáticas, recorridos asistemáticos y relevamientos de arte rupestre. Estas tareas nos permitieron identificar rasgos significativos del paisaje –incluyendo la disponibilidad y distribución de recursos–, evaluar la presencia y localización de sitios al aire libre y reparados con arte rupestre y determinar la densidad y distribución de restos en superficie. Así, reconocimos características atractivas del paisaje para las sociedades pasadas. La distribución de restos líticos y del arte rupestre evidencian que este paisaje fue poblado con una intensidad media, aunque presentando variabilidad entre sectores. Asimismo, la distribución de fuentes y artefactos líticos da cuenta de que las tareas de manufactura identificadas a través de la localidad implicaron habitualmente el traslado de las materias primas hacia los lugares de producción.; By studying the social landscape, in this paper we analyze the way in which Cerro Tres Tetas archaeological locality (Central Plateau of Santa Cruz) was inhabited in the past by huntergatherer societies. As an initial approach to the local landscape, we performed systematic transects and unsystematic surveys as well as rock art recordings. These tasks allowed us to identify significant landscape traits-including the availability and distribution of resources-, to evaluate the presence and location of open-air sites as well as shelters with rock art, and to determine the density and distribution of surface remains. This way, we were able to recognize characteristics of the landscape which were attractive to past societies. The distribution of lithic remains and rock art shows that this landscape was occupied with a medium intensity, although there is variability between sectors. Likewise, the distribution of lithic sources and artifacts shows that the manufacturing tasks identified throughout the locality usually involved the transport of raw materials to the production sites.

El estrado en la pantalla: apuntes sobre el desarrollo de los juicios de lesa humanidad en Argentina desde la pandemia (2020-2023) Larralde Armas, Florencia En Argentina, los juicios de lesa humanidad han estado signados por el debate en torno a su divulgación pública desde sus inicios durante la apertura democrática en la década de los ochenta, hasta nuestros días. Sin embargo, con la llegada de la pandemia en marzo de 2020 se dio la apertura a una nueva etapa en relación a los vínculos entre medios y justicia penal durante el desarrollo de los juicios de lesa humanidad. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar las reconfiguraciones, así como las continuidades, discontinuidades, tensiones y pujas en torno a la dimensión comunicacional de los juicios de lesa humanidad, durante un singular período de virtualización de la justicia en medio de la crisis sanitaria por la pandemia por COVID-19. A través de un trabajo de campo con metodologías de la etnografía digital, tuvimos por objetivos reconstruir las primeras demandas y discusiones que desembocaron en el reinicio de los juicios; conceptualizar las distintas modalidades tecnológicas del desarrollo de los juicos de lesa humanidad a nivel nacional y los canales mediáticos por los cuales se garantizó el principio de publicidad en los distintos tribunales; y reflexionar en torno a las principales resistencias e innovaciones de este proceso que aun habiendo finalizado la pandemia continua desarrollándose a través de canales digitales.; In Argentina, trials against humanity have been marked by the debate around their public disclosure since its beginnings during the democratic opening in the eighties, up to the present day. However, with the arrival of the pandemic in March 2020, a new stage was opened in relation to the links between the media and criminal justice during the development of trials against humanity. In this article we intend to analyze the reconfigurations, as well as the continuities, discontinuities, tensions and struggles around the communicational dimension of trials against humanity, during a unique period of virtualization of justice in the midst of the health crisis caused by the pandemic by COVID-19. Through field work with digital ethnography methodologies, our objectives were to reconstruct the first demands and discussions that led to the restart of the trials; conceptualize the different technological modalities of the development of trials against humanity at the national level and the media channels through which the principle of publicity was guaranteed in the different courts; and reflect on the main resistances and innovations of this process that, even after the pandemic has ended, continues to develop through digital channels.

Los sentimientos sociales como soporte de la dominación; Social feelings as foundations for domination Gulman, Paula Sofía En el artículo objeto de este resumen se aborda el estudio de la vergüenza cultural y corporal como un sentimiento social que funciona como herramienta de dominación en la sociedad occidental. Empleamos una perspectiva interdisciplinaria que reúne los enfoques del psicoanálisis, la sociología, los estudios culturales y las corrientes feministas.Como punto de partida, tomamos los desarrollos de Norbert Elias sobre el proyecto civilizatorio occidental y los trabajos de Sigmund Freud sobre la constitución de la cultura para comprender la relación entre los sentimientos sociales y la lógica de dominación cultural. En conjunto, este análisis ofrece una comprensión de la vergüenza cultural y corporal como un fenómeno complejo y central en las dinámicas de poder y dominación de la sociedad occidental.; In this article we address the study of cultural and bodily shame as a social feeling that works as a tool of domination in Western society. We use an interdisciplinary perspective that intertwines approaches from psychoanalysis, sociology, cultural studies, and feminist theories. As a starting point, we draw on Norbert Elias' developments on the Western civilizing process and Sigmund Freud's works on the constitution of culture to understand the relationship between social feelings and the logic of cultural domination. Together, this analysis offers an understanding of cultural and bodily shame as a complex and central phenomenon in the dynamics of power and domination in Western society.

Corrigendum to “A generalization of Iseki's formula” Panzone, Pablo Andres; Ferrari, Mariano Andrés; Piovan, Luis Amadeo This corrigendum is written to correct an error in Theorem 1 in [1].

Estrategias empresariales en un contexto de crisis económica e incertidumbre: La Compañía General Fabril Financiera y el complejo agroindustrial algodonero en el Chaco, 1974-1982; Business strategies in a context of economic crises and uncertainty: The Compañía General Fabril Financiera and the cotton agroindustry in Chaco, 1974-1982 Belini, Claudio Fabian Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias productivas y financieras de la Compañía General Fabril Financiera entre 1974 y 1982. Se trata de un periodo breve pero crucial de la historia económica argentina, marcado por el estallido inflacionario que siguió al Rodrigazo de 1975 y el impacto, a partir del año siguiente, de las sucesivas políticas de estabilización y de reforma financiera de la última dictadura militar que culminaron en la apertura comercial y financiera de la economía, atraso cambiario y tasas de interés reales positivas. . En ese entorno macroeconómico que castigaba la producción, Fabril Financiera reforzó su estrategia de inversión en la industria textil, invirtiendo en una nueva tejeduría algodonera en Resistencia. Basado en el archivo de la empresa, este artículo estudia las estrategias de la firma y analiza el papel de ese nuevo proyecto industrial en el Chaco en la primera convocatoria de acreedores de 1981. Este estudio de historia de empresas intenta aportar nueva evidencia para el análisis de la crisis de la Industrialización Sustitutiva de Importaciones.; This article aims to analyze the productive and financial strategies of the Compañía General Fabril Financiera between 1974 and 1982. This was a brief but crucial period in Argentine economic history, characterized by the inflationary process that followed the Rodrigazo of 1975 and the impact, in the next year, of the successive stabilization programs and banking reform that culminated in liberal trade and financial policies, currency appreciation and positive real interest rates during the last military government. In this macroeconomic context, Fabril Financiera reinforced its investment strategy in the textile industry, investing in a new cotton weaving mill in Resistencia. Based on company archives, this article studies the strategies of the firm and analyzes the role of this new industrial project in Chaco in the first call for creditors in 1981. This business history study attempts to provide new evidence for the analysis of the crisis of Import Substitution Industrialization.

Gallbladder Cancer Risk and Indigenous South American Mapuche Ancestry: Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Ancestry-Informative Markers Zollner, Linda; Boekstegers, Felix; Barahona Ponce, Carol; Scherer, Dominique; Marcelain, Katherine; Gárate Calderón, Valentina; Waldenberger, Melanie; Morales, Erik; Rojas, Armando; Muñoz, César; Alvarado, Juan; Moisán, Fabricio; Spencer, Loreto; Nervi, Bruno; Carvajal, Daniel; Losada, Héctor; Almau, Mauricio; Fernández, Plinio; Olloquequi, Jordi; Carter, Alice R.; Miquel Poblete, Juan Francisco; Bustos, Bernabe Ignacio; Fuentes Guajardo, Macarena; Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando; Bortolini, Maria Cátira; Acuña Alonzo, Victor; Gallo, Carla; Ruiz-Linares, Andres; Rothhammer, Francisco; Lorenzo Bermejo, Justo A strong association between the proportion of indigenous South American Mapuche ancestry and the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) has been reported in observational studies. Chileans show the highest incidence of GBC worldwide, and the Mapuche are the largest indigenous people in Chile. We set out to assess the confounding-free effect of the individual proportion of Mapuche ancestry on GBC risk and to investigate the mediating effects of gallstone disease and body mass index (BMI) on this association. Genetic markers of Mapuche ancestry were selected based on the informativeness for assignment measure, and then used as instrumental variables in two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses and complementary sensitivity analyses. Results suggested a putatively causal effect of Mapuche ancestry on GBC risk (inverse variance-weighted (IVW) risk increase of 0.8% per 1% increase in Mapuche ancestry proportion, 95% CI 0.4% to 1.2%, p = 6.7 × 10−5) and also on gallstone disease (3.6% IVW risk increase, 95% CI 3.1% to 4.0%), pointing to a mediating effect of gallstones on the association between Mapuche ancestry and GBC. In contrast, the proportion of Mapuche ancestry showed a negative effect on BMI (IVW estimate −0.006 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.009 to −0.003). The results presented here may have significant implications for GBC prevention and are important for future admixture mapping studies. Given that the association between the individual proportion of Mapuche ancestry and GBC risk previously noted in observational studies appears to be free of confounding, primary and secondary prevention strategies that consider genetic ancestry could be particularly efficient.

Derecho a la ciudad e integración socio urbana en los barrios populares de Tandil: Análisis de las políticas públicas dirigidas a la urbanización de asentamientos precarios en una ciudad intermedia de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Right to the city and socio-urban integration in the popular neighborhoods of Tandil: Analysis of public policies aimed at the urbanization of precarious settlements in an intermediate city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Direito à cidade e integração sócio-urbana nos bairros populares de Tandil: Análise de políticas públicas voltadas para a urbanização de assentamentos precários em uma cidade intermediária da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina Migueltorena, Alejandro En las últimas dos décadas se observa un incremento de la informalidad urbana en la ciudad de Tandil, que se tradujo tanto en el aumento del número de barrios populares como en el crecimiento de los ya existentes. Sin embargo, recientemente se llevaron a cabo distintas obras de integración socio-urbana que generaron una mejora en las condiciones de vida de la población. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en analizar las políticas públicas dirigidas a la urbanización de los barrios populares en Tandil, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Para ello, se considerará el posicionamiento que el gobierno municipal ha tomado frente a las ocupaciones de tierras que ocurrieron en los últimos años y las acciones generadas por los estados provincial y nacional. En lo referido a la metodología, se utilizarán datos provenientes de diferentes registros públicos, también fuentes periodísticas e información recabada en distintas instancias de trabajo de campo.; In the last two decades, an increase in urban informality has been observed in the city of Tandil, which translated into both the increase in the number of popular neighborhoods and the growth of existing ones. However, different socio-urban integration works have recently been carried out that have generated an improvement in the living conditions of the population. The objective of the work is to analyze the public policies aimed at the urbanization of popular neighborhoods in Tandil, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. For this, the position that the municipal government has taken in the face of the land occupations that have occurred in recent years and the actions generated by the provincial and national States will be considered. Regarding the methodology, data from different public records will be used, as well as journalistic sources and information collected in different instances of field work.; Nas últimas duas décadas, observou-se un aumento da informalidade urbana na cidade de Tandil, o que se traduziu tanto no aumento do número de bairros populares quanto no crescimento dos existentes. No entanto, recentemente foram realizados diversas obras de integração sócio-urbana que geraram uma melhoria nas condições de vida da população. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar as políticas públicas voltadas à urbanização de bairros populares em Tandil, província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Para isso, será considerado o posicionamento que o governo municipal tem tomado diante das ocupações de terras ocorridas nos últimos anos e as ações geradas pelos Estados provinciais e o Estado nacional. Quanto à metodologia, serão utilizados dados de diferentes registros públicos, assim como fontes jornalísticas e informações coletadas em diferentes instâncias de trabalho de campo.

Etnobotánica de los criollos del Chaco Subhúmedo argentino I: Correspondencias botánico-fitonímicas y caracterización general de un nuevo complejo biocultural Scarpa, Gustavo Fabián El objetivo general del trabajo es caracterizar como nuevo complejo biocultural a los Criollos del Chaco Subhúmedo argentino, describir las correspondencias botánicas de su fitonimia y efectuar una caracterización general de su etnobotánica. Se efectuaron seis trabajos de campo entre octubre de 2017 y marzo de 2022 en el centro-norte de la provincia del Chaco. Se aplicó la metodología etnobotánica clásica consistente en la realización de entrevistas y colección de material de herbario con 51 colaboradores de la zona. Se obtuvieron 541 correspondencias totales entre 369 taxa botánicos y 457 tipos de nombresvulgares a partir de 2075 reportes. Se registraron 1625 usos o significados criollos referidos a un total de 420 taxa a lo largo de 4290 reportes o menciones totales. Los resultados de comparaciones cuantitativas con las correspondencias fitonímicas criollas registradas en áreas vecinas del Chaco Subhúmedo sugieren que estas últimas pertenecen al mismo complejo biocultural aquí propuesto, las cuales añadidas a las obtenidas a campo totalizan 837 correspondencias entre 662 tipos de nombres vulgares asignados a 537 taxa vegetales y tres hongos. Por otra parte, los resultados de las comparaciones cuantitativas entre estafitonimia y las halladas en investigaciones etnobotánicas con criollos del Chaco Húmedo y Semiárido sugieren diferencias sustanciales entre sí, lo cual reafirmaría la condición de nuevo complejo biocultural de los criollos del Chaco Subhúmedo.; The general aim of this work is to distinguish and identify the Creole of the Argentine Subhumid Chaco as a new bio-cultural complex, to describe the botanical correspondences of their phytonymy, and to carry out a general characterization of their ethnobotany. Six field works were carried out between October 2017 and March 2022 in the center-north of Chaco Province. Classic ethnobotanical methodology was applied. This consisted of interviews and the collection of herbarium material with 51 collaborators from the area. A total of 541 matches between 369 botanical taxa and 457 types of vernacular names were obtained from 2075 reports; 1625 Criollos’ plant uses or meanings were registered. This refers to a total of 420 taxa throughout 4290 reports or mentions. Results from quantitative comparisons with Criollos’ phytonymic correspondences registered in neighboring areas of the Subhumid Chaco allow us to infer that the latter belong to the same bio-cultural complex proposed here. If we added these phytonyms to those obtained in the field it makes a total of 837 correspondences among 662 types of vernacular names assigned to 537 plant taxa, and three mushrooms. On the other hand, results of the quantitative comparisons between this phytonymy and those found in ethnobotanical investigations with Criollos from the Humid and Semiarid Chaco allow us to infer substantial differences between them, which reaffirms the condition of the Criollos of the Subhumid Chaco as a new bio-cultural complex.

Exploring monsoon precipitation signal in the Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest: Andean Walnut wood anatomy plasticity Rodríguez Ramírez, Ernesto C.; Crispin DelaCruz, Doris B.; Morales, Mariano Santos; Ticse Otarola, Ginette Vilma Alicia; Ames Martínez, Fressia N.; Guerra, Anthony; Alves Ferreira, Cassiana; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy Andean Walnut (Juglans neotropica Diels-Juglandaceae) is a long-lived, deciduous broadleaf Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) tree species native to the Andes Cordillera; nevertheless, it has received limited attention for dendro-quantitative wood anatomical studies. Based on 70 increment cores from 50 Andean Walnut trees at two Peruvian TMCFs, two chronologies (from 1969 to 2020 and from 1964 to 2020) were developed. The xylem vessel parameters assessment allowed us to detect South American Monsoon System (SAMS) precipitation signals in the Andean Walnuts’ wood. Dendro-wood anatomical features can be assessed within an annual growth ring, which allows for assessing intra-annual past and present wood anatomy-function relationships and its climate vulnerability.

Archivos personales como fuente para la investigación científica. El Fondo Myriam Noemí Tarragó del Instituto de las Culturas; Personal archives as a source for scientific research. Myriam Noemí Tarragó Archive of the Instituto de las Culturas Olub, Julia; Gluzman, Geraldine Andrea En este trabajo presentamos el Fondo Documental Myriam Noemí Tarragó que se conserva en el Archivo de Investigadores del Instituto de las Culturas desde el año 2019. Myriam Tarragó es una destacada arqueóloga argentina con una prolífica carrera iniciada hacia finales de la década de 1950 y que cubrió principalmente el estudio del pasado en los Andes meridionales, fundamentalmente el noroeste argentino, norte de Chile, y también ha dejado su impronta en la arqueología ecuatoriana. Damos cuenta de algunos aspectos necesarios de abordar cuando tratamos con documentación de archivo y, en combinación con la reconstrucción de la biografía de la productora, brindamos una caracterización general del contenido del fondo. A su vez ofrecemos una serie de elementos a ser considerados a la hora de su consulta en orden de maximizar la información presente en el archivo, con el fin último de difundir y poner a disposición de investigadores y otros interesados este valioso y extenso archivo. Nos proponemos también discutir la relación entre las herramientas que ofrece la archivística y los usuarios que recurren a los Archivos como fuente para sus investigaciones, reflexionando sobre la necesidad de interdisciplinariedad para mejorar el acceso a los fondos documentales.; In this paper we present the Myriam Noemí Tarragó Archive that has been preserved in the Archivo de Investigadores of the Instituto de las Culturas since 2019. Myriam Tarragó is a prominent archaeologist from Argentina with a prolific career that began towards the end of the 1950s and covered mainly the study of the past in the southern Andes, fundamentally the Argentine Northwest, North of Chile and she has also left her mark on Ecuadorian archaeology. We point out some necessary aspects to address when dealing with archival documentation and, in combination with the reconstruction of the producer's biography, we provide a general description of the archive. In addition, we offer a series of elements to be considered at the time of consultation in order to maximize the available data in the archive, with the ultimate goal of disseminating and making this valuable and extensive archive available to researchers and other interested parties. We also intend to discuss the relationship between the instruments offered by archival science and the users who use Archives as a source for their research, reflecting on the need for interdisciplinarity to improve the access to the documents.

The temporal and spatial relationship between strike-slip and reverse faulting in subduction-related orogenic system: Insights from the Western slope of the Puna Plateau Jaldín Quiroz, Diego Michel Fabián; Giambiagi, Laura Beatriz; Martínez, Fernando; Benavente, Carlos; Espinoza, Daniela; Drymoni, Kyriaki; Luengo, Karina; González, Rodrigo; Rios Contesse, Juan The relationship between parallel and oblique to the orogen faults and the magmatic evolution is key to understanding the evolution of a hot orogen, such as the Central Andes. The Andean orogenesis along the southern Central Andes, during the Neogene is characterized by regional compression and magmatic processes associated with subduction. The outcome of this dynamic interaction between plate tectonics and magmatism has generated reverse, normal and strike-slip faults, both parallel and oblique to the trench. Despite the progress made on studying these fault systems, both their relationship with the stress field and their role in magma propagation into the shallow crust are still enigmatic. In this work, geomorphological observations are coupled with kinematic and dynamic analyses, as well as with kinematic forward modeling, to reconstruct the evolution of two main faults affecting the western slope of the Puna plateau, the Barrancas Blancas fault and the Tocomar fault, during the Neogene. The obtained data reveal that, between 17 and 10 Ma, the Barrancas Blancas fault had reverse activity, while the Tocomar fault had left-lateral strike-slip movement. At 10 Ma, the area was affected by the coeval reactivation of the Volcan de Punta Negra fault and the right-lateral activity of the Tocomar fault. During the last stage, strike-slip movement along the Tocomar fault favored the rise of magma, while the hydrothermal activity evolved along the Barrancas Blancas fault. The study results reveal that the oblique-to-the-orogen faults play a role in the segmentation of the reverse parallel-to-the-trench deformation and control the position of the volcanic centers, while the parallel-to-the-orogen faults control the relief development and the evolution of hydrothermal systems. The proposed model helps in understanding how magma rises to the surface associated with movement along reverse and strike-slip faults during the thickening of the crust.

Morphometric Variability in Lizards of the Genus Teius: A Comparative Study of Species with Different Reproductive Modes Espeche, Bárbara Andrea; Brigada, Ana Maria Leonilda; Rivera, Paula Cecilia The lizard genus Teius is widely distributed in lowland areas to the east of the Andes in southern South America and includes three species: Teius teyou, T. oculatus, and T. suquiensis. All three Teius species are broadly similar in morphological characters, the dorsal coloration pattern being the best feature to distinguish them. Furthermore, T. suquiensis are parthenogenetic, whereas the other two are bisexual. We applied 2D geometric morphometric methods on head morphology to measure and compare variability between these clonally and sexually reproductive lizards and to assess form variability among populations within the parthenogenetic species. We studied 181 adult females of the three species from across a wide range of their distributions. Geometric morphometrics successfully separated them in the morphospace. The three Teius presented similar head size; hence, the differences found are related to shape. Teius teyou has a shorter snout and a narrower posterior area of the head whereas T. oculatus has a longer snout and a wider posterior area of the head, and T. suquiensis shows an intermediate phenotype. Levels of morphological variability among the species were similar and independent of reproductive mode. Differences in head size and shape among populations were observed within T. suquiensis, despite its clonal inheritance. The observed variability might be explained by populations that are composed of different clonal lineages, populations that showed different responses to varying local environmental factors, or both. Additional morphological studies considering genetic diversity and habitat characteristics may clarify the factors that promote morphological variability in the genus, especially in the parthenogenetic species.

Tiempos de retención de la semilla y efectos en la germinación de tres dispersores de la palmera Syagrus romanzoffiana Datos de tiempos de retención de semillas de la palmera Syagrus romanzoffiana en el tracto digestivo de tres dispersores (zorro de monte Cerdocyon thous, mono aullador Alouatta caraya y tapir Tapirus terrestris) y del efecto del pasaje por su tracto digestivo en la germinación de las semillas. Como controles para evaluar los efectos en la germinación, se ensayaron, además, frutos intactos que retenían la pulpa y frutos despulpados artificialmente. Los ensayos experimentales fueron realizados con ejemplares en cautiverio albergados en el Centro de Investigación de Animales Silvestres, ITAIPU BINACIONAL.

Phenotypic plasticity in leaf traits in response to experimental precipitation increase: Wettability, foliar water uptake and gas exchange Cavallaro, Agustin; Carbonell Silletta, Luisina Marta; Askenazi Vera, Javier Oscar; Goldstein, Guillermo Hernan; Bucci, Sandra Janet; Scholz, Fabian Gustavo Water availability is one of the factors affecting plant growth and development, especially in arid and semiarid environments. Changes in precipitation due climate change alter water availability to plants impacting on plant physiology. Numerous studies have focused on plant response to reduced precipitation and less on the effects of increased precipitation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate biophysical and physiological leaf traits in response to experimental water addition in four dominant shrubs and one grass species in a Patagonian steppe, during the dry season. The experiment consisted of two treatments: control and water addition, increasing the average annual rainfall by 25% during 6 years. We measured leaf wettability, water status, transpiration, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and foliar water uptake (FWU). In addition, we determined the phenotypic plasticity index of these evaluated traits. We expected lower FWU and higher transpiration and photosynthesis rates due changes in leaf surface properties under water addition treatment. All study species responded significantly to treatment with higher loss of water per transpiration and lower FWU. Also, all species increased photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency (WUE). However, water potential and leaf wettability did not change with higher precipitation. Thus, higher phenotypic plasticity was observed in functional than in morphological traits. Since functional traits were more sensitive than leaf surface traits, plants may quickly take advantage when environmental conditions tend to be more favourable to growth. Our findings suggest that plants of Patagonian steppe have adaptive ability to respond to environmental changes through plastic responses.

QSAR Study of Biologically Active Essential Oils against Beetles infesting the Walnut in Catamarca, Argentine Repellent and contact toxicity activity of the essential oils of Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae), Lippia integrifolia (Verbenaceae), Aloysia polystachya (Verbenaceae), Tagetes minuta (Asteraceae), Pimpinella anisum (Apiaceae) and Cuminum cyminum (Apiaceae) growing in Catamarca, Argentina against weevils of the genus Carpophilus and Oryzaephilus that infesting the production of walnuts were evaluated. Yields of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation range from 1.0 to 4 % (v/w). Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the EOs led the identification of their major constituents and their relative proportions. Repellence/toxicity test assayed by impregnation on filter paper discs were performed using different doses. Experimental data were analysed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE; IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0) with normal distribution and the identity link function. The dependent variables were the mean repellency values of 5 repetitions. Predictors entered into the model were oil treatment, employed doses, the time points and all 2-way interactions between them. The working correlation matrix was assumed to be unstructured. From the tested essential oils spectral information, we work their molecular modeling as mixtures from the development of one descriptor combining the molecular descriptors of each component in the mixture and its molar fraction , i.e. . The application of chemoinformatic approaches determined that a combination of mixture descriptors related with molecular size, branchedness, charge distribution and electronegativity is useful to explain the repellent activity profile against Carpophilus spp and Orizaephilus spp. According PCA calculations, while repellency against Carpophilus spp increase with EOs containing molecules composed of flexible substructures formed by saturate aliphatic carbon chains and a number reduced of non-hydrogen substituents, the activity profile against Orizaephilus spp appears to be favored by aliphatic hydrophobic functions linked to one hydrogen bond acceptor function. These models were validated with 9 and 4 EOs (test sets) reported with repellent activity against weevils of the Nitidulidae and Silvanidae family. Each PCA model confirm to each EOs as repellent with a comparable performance to the experimental reports.

Global environmental implications of atmospheric methane removal through chlorine-mediated chemistry-climate interactions Li, Qinyi; Meidan, Daphne; Hess, Peter Otto; Añel, Juan A.; Cuevas, Carlos Alberto; Doney, Scott; Fernandez, Rafael Pedro; van Herpen, Maarten; Höglund Isaksson, Lena; Johnson, Matthew S.; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Lamarque, Jean Francoise; Röckmann, Thomas; Mahowald, Natalie M.; Saiz López, Alfonso Atmospheric methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and photochemically active, with approximately equal anthropogenic and natural sources. The addition of chlorine to the atmosphere has been proposed to mitigate global warming through methane reduction by increasing its chemical loss. However, the potential environmental impacts of such climate mitigation remainunexplored. Here, sensitivity studies are conducted to evaluate the possible effects of increasing reactive chlorine emissions on the methane budget, atmospheric composition and radiative forcing. Because of non-linear chemistry, in order to achieve a reduction in methane burden (instead of anincrease), the chlorine atom burden needs to be a minimum of three times the estimated present-day burden. If the methane removal target is set to 20%, 45%, or 70% less global methane by 2050 compared to the levels in the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario (RCP8.5), our modeling results suggest that additional chlorine fluxes of 630, 1250, and 1880 Tg Cl/year, respectively, are needed. The results show that increasing chlorine emissions also induces significant changes in other important climate forcers. Remarkably, the tropospheric ozone decrease is large enough that the magnitude of radiative forcing decrease is similar to that of methane. Adding 630, 1250, and 1880 Tg Cl/year to the RCP8.5 scenario, chosen to have the mostconsistent current-day trends of methane, will decrease the surface temperature by 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 °C by 2050, respectively. The quantity and method in which the chlorine is added, its interactions with climate pathways, and the potential environmental impacts on air quality and ocean acidity, must be carefully considered before any action is taken.