Igualdad y justicia distributiva en la cooperativa Neuquina cae babylon; Equality and distributive justice at Cae Babylon cooperative in Neuquen Lizárraga, Fernando Alberto; Duimich, Laura Fernanda El presente artículo constituye una aproximación general al estudio de una experiencia contemporánea de cooperativismo socialista, que es producto de las innovaciones surgidas de la crisis de los años 2001-2002, se inscribe en el campo de la denominada nueva izquierda, y, a su modo, busca "prefigurar" una sociedad igualitaria a través de dispositivos y prácticas que -sin descuidar la eficiencia ni la calidad-, corresponden –según veremos– a principios distributivos socialistas. Así, en primer lugar, buscaremos caracterizar sucintamente la situación del socialismo y de la nueva izquierda en la que se inserta la Cooperativa de Trabajo y Consumo Cae Babylon Limitada. En segundo lugar, realizaremos una descripción de la cooperativa: su historia, sus metas, su organización, etcétera. Y, en tercer lugar, procuraremos identificar los principios distributivos socialistas (y específicamente marxianos) que subyacen a la práctica de la cooperativa neuquina.; This paper represents a general approach to the study of a contemporary socialist cooperative experience, which originates in the innovations born during the 2001-2002 crisis, that falls within the field of the so called new left, and that, in its own way, seeks to foreshadow an egalitarian society through devices and practices which –without neglecting neither efficiency nor quality- correspond –as we shall see– to socialist distributive principles. Thus, first of all, we will try to briefly outline the situation of socialism and the new left where the Cooperativa de Trabajo y Consumo Cae Babylon Limitada belongs. Secondly, we shall describe the cooperative: its history, goals, structure, and so on. And, thirdly, we will endeavor to identify the socialist distributive principles (Marxian, to be precise) that underlie the practice of this cooperative in Neuquén.

Aproximación al método filosófico y la creación conceptual; Philosophical method approach and the concept creation Farrán, Roque En el presente escrito me propongo mostrar cómo se producen los conceptos desde distintos enfoques filosóficos que encuentran, en ciertos puntos problemáticos y a pesar de sus diferencias irreductibles, zonas de contacto y convergencia entre sí. Sin llegar a abordar cada concepto u obra en su extensión, lo cual excedería este abordaje transversal a los mismos, la intención es producir cierta clave de lectura que permita elucidar cómo se da, en sus incesantes recomienzos, el pensamiento filosófico. Esto, con vistas a que los distintos textos y tradiciones puedan ser reapropiados y usados creativamente, según las necesidades del caso y la cuestión misma que interroga. La idea principal es dejarse orientar por aquellos instantes privilegiados, presentes en algunos extraños textos electivos, en los que un autor se dirige hacia -y tematiza- el mismo modo en que concibe su práctica conceptual filosófica, esto es, nada menos que su trabajo. El modo en que cada quien afronta y hace explícitas las dificultades y hasta la precariedad extrema de su apuesta teórica. No interesará tanto contextualizar la obra -i.e., compararla con otras, ubicarla en su tiempo histórico o en la eternidad de las ideas, valorar algunos temas en detrimento de otros, o comprenderla in toto- como aproximar lo más que se pueda el punto exacto donde se conciben los conceptos. En definitiva, no se trata de realizar una historia de los conceptos ni una historia de las ideas sino de pensar filosóficamente.; This paper aims to show how concepts from different philosophical approaches are produced, finding - despit some problematic spots and irreconcilable differences- convergence zones of contact. The intention is to produce some reading key (without adressing each work on its complete extension, which would exceed this work) to elucidate how philosophical thinking raises. So, different texts and traditions would be able to be reappropriated and used creatively and accordingly. The main idea is to take guidance in those special moments, present in some strange elective texts, in which an author goes -and problematizes- the way that he conceives his own philosophical conceptual practice, that is nothing less than his work; the way that everyone faces and makes explicit the difficulties and even the extreme precariousness of his theoretical commitment. I will not be so interested in contextualize the work –i.e., to compare it with others placing it in its historical time or in the eternity of ideas, to evaluate some issues over others, or to understand it in toto- as in approximate as much as possible to the exact point where concepts are conceived. In short, it is not about making a history of concepts or a history of ideas, but to think philosophically.

Personalidad e indicadores de riesgo psicopatológico en adolescentes de contexto rural; Personality and Psychopathology Risk Indicators in Rural Context Adolescents Caballero, Silvina Valeria; Lacunza, Ana Betina El modelo de Eysenck discrimina a los sujetos por su posición dentro de las variables básicas de personalidad. Así, las características de personalidad tienen relación directa con la tendencia a adoptar determinados comportamientos en situaciones interpersonales, a tener determinadas preferencias y a padecer determinados trastornos psicopatológicos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron a) describir las dimensiones de personalidad en adolescentes escolarizados de zona rural de Tucumán (R. Argentina) y b) establecer un nivel de riesgo para psicopatología. Se trabajó con167 adolescentes escolarizados residentes en dos localidades del noreste de la provincia. Se les administró el Cuestionario de Personalidad para Niños y una encuesta sociodemográfica. Los resultados identificaron que los adolescentes varones se describían con mayor Dureza Emocional mientras que las mujeres referían mayor Extraversión. Se encontró que un 24% de las mujeres mostraron una tendencia psicopatológica a la Inestabilidad Emocional mientras que el 21% de sus pares varones lo hicieron en Dureza Emocional. Los datos descriptos marcan la necesidad de profundizar los estudios en población adolescente de zonas rurales a fin de diseñar estrategias de intervención sobre los indicadores psicopatológicos que impidan cristalizar cuadros patológicos.; The Eysenck model discriminates subjects by their position within basic variables of personality. Thus, the characteristics of personality have a direct relationship with the tendency to adopt certain behaviors related to interpersonal situations, to have certain preferences and to undergo certain psychopatological disorders. The objectives of this work were a) to describe the dimensions of school attending adolescents in a rural area in Tucuman (Argentina) and b) to establish a risk level for psychopathology. 167 schooled adolescents residing in two areas of the northeast of the province, were evaluated. They were assessed by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and a socio demographic survey. The results showed that boys had more Emotional Hardness while girls showed more Extraversion. It was found that 24% of girls had a psychopathological tendency to be Emotionally Unstable while 21% of boys had Emotional Hardness. The data described marked the need for further studies on the adolescent population in rural areas to design intervention strategies on psychopathological indicators that don’t permit the crystallization of pathological conditions.

Tafonomía en la cocina: prácticas culinarias y residuos del procesamiento de plantas tuberosas nativas de los Andes centro-sur; Taphonomy in the kitchen: culinary practices and processing residues of native tuberous plants of the south-central Andes Babot, Maria del Pilar; Lund, Julia; Olmos, Adriana Valeria Presentamos material comparativo para la identificación de residuos culinarios de tubérculos cocidos de Solanum sp., Oxalis tuberosa y Ullucus tuberosus. Partimos de un concepto amplio de tafonomía que incluye el estudio de las modificaciones de las plantas resultantes de la preparación de alimentos; en este caso, aquellas que se deben al hervido y cocción al rescoldo de tubérculos frescos. Realizamos experimentos de cocción controlados y comparamos los resultados con muestras frescas. Describimos las modificaciones en los atributos morfológicos y ópticos de tejidos y partículas intracelulares resultantes de nuestros experimentos de cocción. Finalmente, discutimos la posibilidad de reconocer las técnicas de cocción a partir del análisis microscópico de vestigios de tubérculos.; We present comparative material for the identification of culinary residues of cooked tubers of Solanum sp., Oxalis tuberosa and Ullucus tuberosus. We use a broad concept of taphonomy that includes the study of plant modifications resulting from the preparation of food, in this case the boiling and cooking al rescoldo of fresh tubers. We undertake a number of controlled cooking experiments and compare the results with fresh samples. We discuss morphological and optical modifications of tissue fragments and intracellular particles resulting from our cooking experiments. Finally, we discuss the possibility of recognizing cooking techniques from microscopic analysis of tuber remains.

Catamarca entre los siglos XIX y XXI: del estancamiento económico al crecimiento sin desarrollo Osatinsky, Ariel A fines del siglo XIX, cuando la Argentina comienza a transitar la fase del modelo agroexportador, Catamarca quedó marginada de la nueva realidad económica. Sus actividades productivas fueron perdiendo importancia, conservando una estructura económica reducida durante un prolongado período. Cien años después (fines del siglo XX y comienzos del XXI), la provincia experimentó cambios en sintonía con los que acontecían en la economía nacional, con un peso creciente de producciones primarias ligadas al mercado mundial, y un importante incremento de sus exportaciones. Teniendo en cuenta el vínculo profundo que existe entre la economía y la pobreza, el artículo indaga si las diferencias o semejanzas que se pueden encontrar entre los cambios económicos acontecidos a nivel nacional y provincial en los períodos en cuestión modificaron significativamente los niveles de pobreza que afectaban a la población de Catamarca.

The Agency of Textile Technology in Some Archaeological Ritual Contexts of Northwest Argentina Lopez Campeny, Sara Maria Luisa I concentrate here on the agency of textiles, through certain technical features, to produce a range of social actions and effects when they intervene in the contexts of specific cultural practices. This “power” (in terms of the transformative capacity) or “magical efficacy” is made manifest visually in the textile artifacts, and they intervene in, and modify the specific social contexts in which they participate. The technical features I examine here include: the direction of thread twist, the use of contrasting tonalities and intense colors, the presence of knots, and the material basis of the textile object. These features are illustrated in a set of textile artifacts proceeding from archaeological contexts in the micro region of Antofagasta de la Sierra, in Northwest Argentina, and that cover an extended chronological sequence from about 3800 to 200 years BP. I appeal to interpretative frameworks which are supported by historical and anthropological data, and which I consider closer to the archaeological communities I am analyzing than our contemporary reality. I also take the necessary precautions so as to avoid using direct analogy, and I leave open the possibility for putting forward and checking hypotheses in specific contexts through the use of independent archaeological data.

Aporte de la Melisopalinología al conocimiento de la floramelífera de un sector de la Provincia Fitogeográfica Chaqueña, Argentina; Melissopalynological contribution to the knowledge of the honey flora in a sector of the Phytogeographic Chaquenian Province, Argentina Salgado Laurenti, Cristina Renee; Pieszko, Gelina Esther; Tellería, María Cristina La composición y la oferta de floración de la flora melífera de los dos Distritos de la provincia fitogeográfca Chaqueña, fue estudiada a partir del seguimiento de la floración y del análisis de mieles producidas en diferentes momentos de la temporada apícola. La recolección de ejemplares y de muestras de miel fue realizada durante los años 2004 al 2007 en 20 apiarios. En la región estudiada la oferta de floración es más extensa que en otras regiones argentinas, extendiéndose durante la mayor parte del año. A partir de los registros a campo se relevaron 282 especies pertenecientes a 65 familias de Angiospermas, siendo Fabaceae y Asteraceae las más representadas. Se detectaron dos picos de floración, uno entre septiembre y diciembre, y otro desde febrero hasta fines de marzo. El primer pico de foración es más intenso que el segundo. La principal oferta de foración es producida por especies nativas, siendo las leñosas más comunes en primavera y las herbáceas en verano. De los 118 tipos de polen identifcados en las mieles, sólo unos pocos representan fuentes nectaríferas importantes, ellos pertenecen a las siguientes familias: Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Rhamnaceae y Zygophyllaceae.; Melissopalynological contribution to the knowledge of the honey flora in a sector of the Phytogeographic Chaquenian Province, Argentina. The honey flora of a sector of the Occidental y OrientalChaco phytogeographic province, Argentina, was studied. Availability of plant flowering, considering the botanical origin of pollen grains contained in honey samples was investigated. Plant specimens and honey samples were collected in 20 apiaries during spring and summer of years 2004 to 2007. The flowering period in the studied region is larger than in other Argentine an regions, extending almost the entire year. Field records revealed the presence of 282 plants species belonging to 65 Angiosperms families being Fabaceae and Asteraceae the most well represented. Two flowering peaks were detected, one between September and December, and the other from February until late March. The first peak of flowering involves a larger number of plant species than the second. Major flowering contribution was produced bynative species; woody plants are dominant in spring and herbaceous ones in summer. Although 118 pollen types were identified in the honey samples, the main nectar sources came from a few plants belonging to Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Rhamnaceae and Zygophyllaceae.

¿Por qué marchar el 24 de marzo? Juventud, memoria y participación política en Mendoza; Why march on March 24? Youth, memory and political participation in Mendoza. Bravo, Nazareno Juan La movilización del 24 de marzo, aniversario del último golpe de Estado en la Argentina, ha adquirido enorme relevancia política a lo largo del tiempo. Este espacio de participación y acción conjunta, resulta un ámbito pertinente para indagar la elaboración de una memoria colectiva sobre el pasado reciente y su impacto en las primeras generaciones de jóvenes que no vivieron la época de la dictadura en forma directa. La caracterización sobre el pasado, conlleva visiones sobre el presente y condiciona modos de intervención en la realidad social. El trabajo que se presenta, fue realizado en base a estrategias cualitativas de investigación social, a partir de entrevistas y observaciones en la provincia de Mendoza.; The mobilization of March 24, the anniversary of the last coup in Argentina, has acquired enormous political relevance over time. This space for participation and joint action is a relevant field to investigate the development of a collective memory of the recent past and its impact on the first generation of young people who lived through the era of the dictatorship directly. The characterization of the past brings visions of the present and determines methods of intervention in social reality. This work was carried out based on qualitative social research strategies, based on interviews and observations in the province of Mendoza.

Optimal design for an ethanol plant combining first and second-generation technologies; Diseño óptimo de una planta para la obtención de etanol combinando tecnologías de primera y segunda generación; Desenho ótimo de uma destilaria para a obtenção de etanol combinando tecnologias de primeira e segunda geração Albernas Carvajal, Yailet; Corsano, Gabriela; Morales Zamora, Marlén; Gonzalez Cortés, Meilyn; Santos Herrero, Ronaldo; González Suárez, Erenio The synthesis and optimal design of batch plants is addressed in this study. It was applied to the technology of conventional ethanol production in a Cuban distillery using the product of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated bagasse as another sugared substrate, starting from laboratory results. The optimal configuration of stages, the number of units in each stage, the unit sizes and minimum total production cost are obtained from the global optimization model and the proposed superstructure. This global model is a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation, which is represented and solved by the Professional Software, General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) version 23.5 applying DICOPT Solver. Different scenarios are analyzed: attaching pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse to a conventional distillery plant, selling ethanol, or selling the furfural as byproduct is there is a guaranteed market. With this, an actual net present value (VNA) of USD 44,893,358.7 and 1.51 years of Payback Period (PP) are obtained.; La síntesis y diseño óptimo de plantas discontinuas es abordada en el presente estudio; la cual fue aplicada a la tecnología de obtención de etanol convencional en una destilería cubana empleando el producto de la hidrólisis enzimática del bagazo pretratado como otro sustrato azucarado, partiendo de resultados de laboratorio. A partir del modelo global de optimización y la superestructura propuesta, se obtiene la configuración óptima de las etapas, el número de equipos en cada etapa, el volumen de los equipos y el mínimo costo total de producción. Dicho modelo global consiste en una formulación de programación matemática mixta entera no lineal (MINLP), la cual es representada y resuelta mediante el Software Profesional, General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) versión 23.5 con la aplicación del Solver DICOPT. Se analizan las posibles variantes a implementar que son en primer lugar las de acoplar la tecnología de pretratamiento e hidrólisis enzimática del bagazo a una destilería convencional vendiendo etanol y, en segundo lugar, vendiendo el co-producto furfural, si se garantiza un mercado para ello. Con lo anterior, se obtiene un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de $ 44´893 358.7 USD y un período de recuperación de la inversión (PRD) de 1.51 años.; A síntese e o desenho ótimo de usinas em desuso são abordados no presente estudo; os quais foram aplicados à tecnologia de obtenção de etanol convencional em uma destilaria cubana utilizando o produto da hidrólise enzimática do bagaço pré-tratado como outro substrato açucarado, partindo de resultados de laboratório. A partir do modelo global de otimização e da superestrutura proposta, é obtida a configuração ótima das etapas, o número de equipamentos em cada etapa, o volume dos equipamentos e o mínimo custo total de produção. Dito modelo global consiste em uma formulação de programação matemática mista inteira não linear (MINLP), a qual é representada e resolvida mediante o Software Profissional, General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) versão 23.5 com a aplicação do Solver DICOPT. São analisadas as possíveis variantes que devem ser implantadas que são em primeiro lugar as de acoplar a tecnologia de pré-tratamento e de hidrólise enzimática do bagaço a uma destilaria convencional vendendo etanol e, em segundo lugar, vendendo o coproduto furfural, se for garantido um mercado para o mesmo. Com o anterior, é obtido um Valor Atual Líquido (VAL) de $ 44´893 358.7 USD e um período de recuperação do investimento (PRI) de 1.51 anos.

Estudios del género Cortaderíia (POACEAE). I. Sistemática y nomenclatura de la sect. cortaderia Testoni, Daniel; Villamil, Carlos Baldomero El género Cortaderia (Poaceae) incluye 19 especies sudamericanas separadas en cuatro secciones. En este trabajo se estudian las especies incluidas en la sect. Cortaderia. Cortaderia rudiuscula y C. jubata son dos nombres utilizados con diferentes criterios según diferentes autores, lo que ha generado confusión y explica los numerosos ejemplares de herbario determinados sucesivamente como diferentes especies de la sección. La descripción original de C. rudiuscula fue realizada sobre la base de cuatro sintipos que corresponden a más de una especie. En esta contribución se analizaron los ejemplares tipo y otros materiales de herbario identificados como C. rudiuscula, además de plantas coleccionadas en muestreos poblacionales para este trabajo, y ejemplares de las restantes especies de la sección. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) sobre la base de caracteres tradicionalmente utilizados para delimitar las especies de la sección. El análisis mostró tres grupos morfológicos discretos que corresponden a C. araucana, C. selloana y C. speciosa. El lectotipo de C. rudiuscula se ubicó entre los ejemplares de C. speciosa, y, por lo tanto, se propone la sinonimia de ambas. Un análisis similar permitió establecer que C. jubata representa sólo una porción de la variabilidad morfológica de C. selloana y se propone la nueva combinación Cortaderia selloana subsp. jubata. Los nombres C. quila y C. quila var. pygmaeum pasan a la sinonimia de C. speciosa. Las especies Cortaderia araucana y C. selloana fueron descritas originalmente como dioicas y posteriormente como ginodioicas. En este trabajo se hallaron, además, poblaciones con plantas únicamente pistiladas (apomícticas) y, consecuentemente, se enmiendan ambas descripciones para incluir en ellas sus poblaciones apomícticas. Se presenta una clave para la determinación de los cuatro taxones que se reconocen para la sect. Cortaderia, descripciones, sinonimias y mapas de distribución.; The genus Cortaderia (Poaceae) includes 19 South American species, separated into four sections. In this paper the species included in sect. Cortaderia are studied. Cortaderia rudiuscula and C. jubata are two names used with different criteria by diverse authors, which has generated confusion and has led to the frequent determination of herbarium specimens as different species of the section. The original description of C. rudiuscula was written on the basis of four syntypes which belong to more than one species. In this contribution we analyzed type specimens and other herbarium materials assigned to C. rudiuscula, apart from additional plants collected in population samplings for this work, and specimens of the remaining species of the section. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was conducted on the basis of characters traditionally used to delimit the species of the section. The analysis showed three morphologic discreet groups that fit to C. araucana, C. selloana and C. speciosa. The lectotype of C. rudiuscula was located among the specimens of C. speciosa, and therefore the synonymy of both species is here proposed. A similar analysis showed that C. jubata represents only a portion of the morphologic variability of C. selloana, and the new combination C. selloana subsp. jubata is proposed. The names C. quila and C. quila var. pygmaeum are reduced to the synonymy of C. speciosa. Cortaderia araucana and C. selloana were originally described as dioecious, and later as gynodioecious. In this paper, populations composed of only pistillate plants (apomyctic) are reported for both species, and, consequently, descriptions are amended to include apomictic populations. A key for the four taxa that are here recognized for the sect. Cortaderia is included, together with descriptions, synonymies and distribution maps.

Máximo térmico crítico en peces argentinos de agua dulce, Sudamérica; Critical thermal maximum in Argentine freshwater fish, South America Gomez, Sergio Enrique Utilizando la técnica de máximo térmico critico, con calentamiento de 18° C/hora y partiendo de muy diferentes temperaturas de aclimatación, se determinaron los valores de temperatura de pérdida de equilibrio y temperaturas letales en ocho especies de peces pampásicos. Los resultados muestran una relación fisiológica con los distintos “tipos ecológicos” en relación a la temperatura. Los peces de aguas libres o litorales muestran la mayor tolerancia y los peces de fondo la menor, de acuerdo a la estabilidad del ambiente.; Using the critical thermal maximum technique with heating at 18°C /hour and from very different temperatures acclimation, the lethal temperature values and loss of equilibrium temperatures in eight pampasic species were identified. The results show a physiological relationship with the various “ecological types” in relation to temperature. The open-water fish and shore fish show greater tolerance than lower bottom fish, according to the stability of the environment.

The Structure of the Mammalian Predator Guild in the Santa Cruz Formation (Late Early Miocene) Ercoli, Marcos Darío; Prevosti, Francisco Juan; Forasiepi, Analia Marta The Santa Cruz Formation (late early Miocene, Santacrucian age) registers 11 species of mammalian predators (Metatheria, Sparassodonta). Together with large carnivorous flightless birds, they comprised the terrestrial predator guild. The Santacrucian sparassodonts were diverse in body size, had different locomotory habits, and were primarily hypercarnivores. The objective of this work is to analyze the guild structure of the sparassodonts of the Santa Cruz Formation, using the variables of body mass, diet, and locomotion as proxies. Furthermore, we analyze the interaction with other predators and potential prey. The univariated test V of Poole and Rathcke and the multivariated test of Clark-Evans were used to construct the models. In the multivariate test, we made a Principal Component Analysis to resume and standardize the variables. With body mass and locomotion we obtained an evenly spaced pattern of segregation for the sparassodont species, being non-significant and significant, respectively. The pattern was aggregated and significant only with diet. The analysis of all variables together resulted in an evenly spaced and significant pattern, which is consistent with character displacements (segregation of species throughout the morphospace) that would help to diminish interspecific competition during the Santacrucian age and would allow selection of prey species of different sizes and substrate specializations. When the body size pattern of predator birds and sparassodonts were plotted together, the pattern is evenly spaced and nonsignificant. Other factors, including locomotion, would differentiate these species and their ecological niches.

Patterns of morphological variation of the vertebral column in dolphins Viglino, Mariana; Flores, David Alfredo; Ercoli, Marcos Darío; Alvarez, Alicia Cetaceans swim by the alternate action of their epiaxial and hypaxial muscles and their propulsive movements are confined to the vertical plane. Changes in the shape and mechanical properties of vertebrae strongly affect their function during oscillatory swimming. The first objective of this study was to provide a quantitative characterization of vertebral morphology in representatives of the Delphinidae and Pontoporiidae families. A novel morphometric approach was applied, using nine vertebral measurements and three indices. The second objective was to assess the relationship between morphology and both habitat and size through regression analyses. The phylogenetic structure of the distribution of characters was also explored by estimating phylogenetic signal. No relationship was found between morphology and habitat or size, but vertebral measurements and indices showed a significant phylogenetic signal. Morphological profiles indicated that coastal and oceanic delphinid species had a conservative regionalization of the vertebral column. All delphinid species showed discoidal centra morphology, while Pontoporia blainvillei presented a spool-shaped morphology. Differences in vertebral morphology and inferred muscular architecture between P. blainvillei and delphinids could indicate distinct dynamics of vertebral movement during swimming. However, other complex and specific functional relationships and life-history traits may also be influencing vertebral morphology. The detailed study of the complex evolutionary history of lineages could bring to light other clarifying dimensions for understanding morphological evolution in odontocetes.

Work Measurement as a Generalized Quantum Measurement Roncaglia, Augusto Jose; Cerisola, Federico; Paz, Juan Pablo We present a new method to measure the work w performed on a driven quantum system and to sample its probability distribution P ( w ) . The method is based on a simple fact that remained unnoticed until now: Work on a quantum system can be measured by performing a generalized quantum measurement at a single time. Such measurement, which technically speaking is denoted as a positive operator valued measure reduces to an ordinary projective measurement on an enlarged system. This observation not only demystifies work measurement but also suggests a new quantum algorithm to efficiently sample the distribution P ( w ) . This can be used, in combination with fluctuation theorems, to estimate free energies of quantum states on a quantum computer.

Behavior of multitemporal and multisensor passive microwave indices in Southern Hemisphere ecosystems Barraza Bernadas, Verónica Daniela; Grings, Francisco Matias; Ferrazzoli, Paolo; Huete, Alfredo Ramon; Restrepo Coupe, Natalia; Beringer, Jason; Van Gorsel, Eva; Karszenbaum, Haydee This study focused on the time series analysis of passive microwave and optical satellite data collected from six Southern Hemisphere ecosystems in Australia and Argentina. The selected ecosystems represent a wide range of land cover types, including deciduous open forest, temperate forest, tropical and semiarid savannas, and grasslands. We used two microwave indices, the frequency index (FI) and polarization index (PI), to assess the relative contributions of soil and vegetation properties (moisture and structure) to the observations. Optical-based satellite vegetation products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer were also included to aid in the analysis. We studied the X and Ka bands of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS and Wind Satellite, resulting in up to four observations per day (1:30, 6:00, 13:30, and 18:00 h). Both the seasonal and hourly variations of each of the indices were examined. Environmental drivers (precipitation and temperature) and eddy covariance measurements (gross ecosystem productivity and latent energy) were also analyzed. It was found that in moderately dense forests, FI was dependent on canopy properties (leaf area index and vegetation moisture). In tropical woody savannas, a significant regression (R2) was found between FI and PI with precipitation (R2 > 0.5) and soil moisture (R2 > 0.6). In the areas of semiarid savanna and grassland ecosystems, FI variations found to be significantly related to soil moisture (R2 > 0.7) and evapotranspiration (R2 > 0.5), while PI varied with vegetation phenology. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found among FI values calculated at the four local times.

Two-fluid turbulence including electron inertia Andrés, Nahuel; Gonzalez Restrepo, Carlos Andres; Martin, Luis Nicolas; Dmitruk, Pablo Ariel; Gómez, Daniel We present a full two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) description for a completely ionized hydrogen plasma, retaining the effects of the Hall current, electron pressure, and electron inertia. According to this description, each plasma species introduces a new spatial scale: the ion inertial length λi and the electron inertial length λe, which are not present in the traditional MHD description. In the present paper, we seek for possible changes in the energy power spectrum in fully developed turbulent regimes, using numerical simulations of the two-fluid equations in two-and-a-half dimensions. We have been able to reproduce different scaling laws in different spectral ranges, as it has been observed in the solar wind for the magnetic energy spectrum. At the smallest wavenumbers where plain MHD is valid, we obtain an inertial range following a Kolmogorov k-5/3 law. For intermediate wavenumbers such that λi-1≪k ≪λe-1 , the spectrum is modified to a k-7/3 power-law, as has also been obtained for Hall-MHD neglecting electron inertia terms. When electron inertia is retained, a new spectral region given by k >λe-1 arises. The power spectrum for magnetic energy in this region is given by a k-11/3 power law. Finally, when the terms of electron inertia are retained, we study the self-consistent electric field. Our results are discussed and compared with those obtained in the solar wind observations and previous simulations.

Triquinellosis: conocimientos y hábitos en poblaciones epidemiológicamente diferentes de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, y la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Trichinellosis: knowledge and habits in epidemiologically different populations of the Province of Buenos Aires and Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Betti, Adriana; Cardillo, Natalia Marina; Pasqualetti, Mariana Ines; Fariña, Fernando Adrián; Rosa, Adriana Beatriz; Ribicich, Mabel La trichinellosis es una zoonosis parasitaria, cuya prevalencia en Argentina se favorece debido a los hábitos y creencias culturales de la población. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estudiar el grado de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad en habitantes de tres zonas epidemiológicamente diferentes de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). Se realizaron encuestas a 256 habitantes de la CABA, del Conurbano Bonaerense y de localidades del Interior de la provincia. Se registraron datos sobre el consumo de cerdo, chacinados o animales silvestres, nivel educativo, conocimientos sobre la transmisión, fuentes de infección, formas de prevención y riesgo para la salud pública. Los datos fueron analizados mediante herramientas de estadística paramétrica, considerando un nivel de significación estadística p < 0.05. En la CABA se registró el mayor nivel educativo, el mayor consumo de cerdo y de chacinados, y quienes refirieron mayores recaudos al momento de adquirir carne o subproductos porcinos. En las ciudades del interior de la Provincia de Buenos Aires se observó el mayor consumo de chacinados y animales silvestres; mayor conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, forma de contagio y sobre personas enfermas en el entorno, paradójicamente fueron quienes refirieron tomar menos recaudos al momento de adquirir carne de cerdo o chacinados. Dichos resultados podrían atribuirse a que la aparición de brotes humanos en esta región, están relacionados al tipo de manufactura (casera) y comercialización (sin control veterinario) de los subproductos de origen porcino. Una situación intermedia se observó en el Conurbano Bonaerense para todas las variables estudiadas. Las acciones educativas deben respetar los hábitos culturales de la población, fomentando el diagnóstico de la triquinellosis en cerdos y desalentando el consumo de carne y derivados porcinos de procedencia dudosa.; Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis, which prevalence in Argentina is favored due to cultural beliefs and habits of the population. The aim of this work was to study the level of awareness about the disease in residents of three epidemiologically different areas of the Province of Buenos Aires. Surveys were performed on 256 residents from Ciudad Aútonoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), the Buenos Aires suburbs and cities from the interior of the Province of Buenos Aires. Data about the consumption of pork, sausages or wildlife animals, educational level, knowledge transfer, sources of infection, ways of prevention and public health risk was taken. Data were analyzed using parametric statistical tools, considering a p value <0.05. In the CABA was the highest educational level, the highest consumption of pork and pork products, and people reported greater precautions when purchasing meat or pork products. In cities of the interior of the Province of Buenos Aires was the highest consumption of sausages and wildlife animals; the knowledge about the disease, mode of transmission and sick people in the environment was very high. Nevertheless, those people were paradoxically who reported taking fewer precautions when purchasing pork or pork products. These results could be attributed to human outbreaks in this region are related to manufacturing type (home) and commercialization (without veterinary control) of pork’s origin products. An intermediate situation was observed in the Greater Buenos Aires for all variables studied. Educational activities should respect the cultural habits of the population, promoting Trichinellosis diagnosis in pigs and discouraging the consumption of pig meat and meat of uncertain origin.

Entre desiertos y serranías: población, espacio no controlado y fronteras permeables en el Septentrión novohispano tardocolonial; Entre deserts i regions muntanyenques: població, espai no controlat i fronteres permeables al Septentrió de Nova Espanya en el període colonial tardà; From deserts to mountains: population, uncontrolled space and permeable borders in the late colonial New Spain Septentrion Ortelli, Sara Ines En este artículo se analiza la circulación de población en la provincia de Nueva Vizcaya a fines de la época colonial, entre los espacios controlados y aquellos que quedaban fuera del control de las autoridades. Aunque se suponía que estaban formalmente integrados en la sociedad colonial como súbditos de la corona, la vida de estos hombres y mujeres transcurría entre su incorporación como habitantes de pueblos y misiones, haciendas o reales de mina, y su dedicación a las diversas actividades productivas como trabajadores agrícolas, mineros o pastores, y su establecimiento por temporadas o su huida definitiva a los desiertos y serranías, donde continuaban su existencia vinculándose con frecuencia a actividades delictivas como el robo de ganado. Estos espacios actuaban, así, como fronteras en el interior de la propia sociedad colonial y contribuían a delimitar y definir identidades sociales y modos de vida.; En aquest article s’analitza la circulació de població a la província de Nova Biscaia a finals de l’època colonial, entre els espais controlats i aquells que quedaven fora del control de les autoritats. Encara que se suposava que estaven formalment integrats en la societat colonial com a súbdits de la corona, la vida d’aquests homes i dones transcorria entre la seva incorporació com a habitants de pobles i missions, hisendes o reals de mina, i la seva dedicació a les diverses activitats productives com a treballadors agrícoles, miners o pastors, i el seu establiment per temporades o la seva fugida definitiva als deserts i les regions muntanyenques, on continuaven la seva existència vinculant-se sovint a activitats delictives com el robatori de bestiar. Aquests espais actuaven, així, com a fronteres a l’interior de la mateixa societat colonial i contribuïen a delimitar i definir identitats socials i formes de vida.; This article discusses population flows in the province of Nueva Vizcaya in the late colonial era between controlled areas and those which were outside the control of the colonial authorities. Although they were supposed to be formally integrated into colonial society as subjects of the Crown, the lives of these frontier men and women were spent between their condition as citizens of towns, well-integrated members of missions and haciendas and mine workers, or as outlaws in deserts and mountains engaged in criminal activities such as cattle rustling. These lands constituted real borders within colonial society and contributed to defining social identities in the North American confines of the colonial Spanish Empire.

Región pampeana : Geografía y bienestar según subregiones (2010); Pampas : Geography and wellbeing by subregions (2010) Velázquez, Guillermo Angel; Tisnés, Adela; Gomez, Nestor Javier Más allá de la imagen positiva que, en términos generales, se tiene de la Región Pampeana, ésta presenta fuertes asimetrías internas. Este trabajo se propone medir estas inequidades y contribuir a su explicación a través del análisis de un conjunto de indicadores socioeconómicos y ambientales significativos del grado de bienestar de su población. La información a nivel departamental (219 unidades) se analizará considerando, asimismo, sus subregiones.; Beyond the positive perception people have of the Pampas respect regions of Argentina, it has strong internal asymmetries. This work aims to measure and contribute to the explanation of these inequalities through the analysis of a set of significant environmental and socioeconomic indicators of the level of wellbeing. The information at departmental level (219 units) will be analyzed for subregions.

Distribution of genetic polymorphisms associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) antiviral response in a multiethnic and admixed population Trinks, Julieta; Hulaniuk, M. L.; Caputo, Mariela; Burgos Pratx, L.; Ré, Viviana Elizabeth; Fortuny, L.; Pontoriero, Ana Cecilia; Frías, A.; Torres, O.; Nuñez, F.; Gadano, A.; Corach, Daniel; Flichman, Diego Martin The prevalence of genetic polymorphisms identified as predictors of therapeutic-induced hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance differs among ethnic groups. However, there is a paucity of information about their prevalence in South American populations, whose genetic background is highly admixed. Hence, single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs12979860, rs1127354 and rs7270101 were characterized in 1350 healthy individuals, and ethnicity was assessed in 259 randomly selected samples. The frequency of rs12979860CC, associated to HCV treatment response, and rs1127354nonCC, related to protection against hemolytic anemia, were significantly higher among individuals with maternal and paternal Non-native American haplogroups (64.5% and 24.2%), intermediate among admixed samples (44.1% and 20.4%) and the lowest for individuals with Native American ancestry (30.4% and 6.5%). This is the first systematic study focused on analyzing HCV predictors of antiviral response and ethnicity in South American populations. The characterization of these variants is critical to evaluate the risk–benefit of antiviral treatment according to the patient ancestry in admixed populations.