Latitudinal variation in clutch size-lay date regressions in Tachycineta swallows: Effects of food supply or demography? Winkler, David W.; Ringelman, Kevin M.; Dunn, Peter O.; Whittingham, Linda; Hussell, David J. T.; Clark, Robert G.; Dawson, Russell D.; Johnson, L. Scott; Rose, Alexandra; Austin, Suzanne H.; Robinson, W. Douglas; Lombardo, Michael P.; Thorpe, Patrick A.; Shutler, Dave; Robertson, Raleigh J.; Stager, Maria; Leonard, Marty; Horn, Andrew G.; Dickinson, Janis; Ferretti, Valentina; Massoni, Viviana; Bulit, Florencia; Reboreda, Juan Carlos; Liljesthrom, Marcela; Quiroga, Martin Anibal; Rakhimberdiev, Eldar; Ardia, Daniel R. In a study of almost 16 000 nest records from seven swallow species across the entire Western Hemisphere, clutch sizes decline with relative laying date in each population, but the slope of this decline grows steeper with increasing distance from the equator. Late-laying birds at all latitudes lay clutches of similar sizes, suggesting that latitudinal differences may be driven primarily by earlier-laying birds. Focused comparisons of site-years in North America with qualitatively different food availability indicate that food supply significantly affects mean clutch size but not the clutch size-lay date regression. Other studies on the seasonality of swallow food also indicate that steeper clutch size-lay date declines in the North are not caused by steeper earlier food peaks there. The distribution of lay dates grows increasingly right-skewed with increasing latitude. This variation in lay-date distributions could be due to the predominance of higher quality, early-laying (and large-clutched) individuals among populations at higher latitudes, resulting from latitudinal variation in mortality rates and the intensity of sexual selection. Our results underscore the importance of studying clutch size and lay date in tandem and suggest new research into the causes of their joint geographic variation.

Amaranth Milling Strategies and Fraction Characterization by FT-IR Roa Acosta, Diego Fernando; Santagapita, Patricio Roman; Buera, Maria del Pilar; Tolaba, Marcela Patricia Amaranth nutritional value has been widely recognized, but the required conditions for its processing cannot be adapted to traditional technologies. For the proposal of alternative strategies, the changes of several components should be understood. Enriched starch and lipid-protein fractions of amaranth flour upon different milling treatments were obtained and characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Starch- and lipid-protein-enriched amaranth fractions were obtained by abrasive milling; amaranth starch was isolated by wet-milling procedure, and flour samples were obtained from planetary ball milling. Changes on starch, protein, and lipids relative contents, on starch crystallinity and on lipids and protein stability after milling and 6-month storage, were evaluated. The Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy peaks of the main grain components were identified in the middle-infrared range. By calculating the ratios between height intensities of selected specific peaks, several characteristics of the samples could be explained: increased protein content and lipid proportion of the enriched fraction; decrease of the starch crystallinity degree by abrasive milling and especially by ball milling due to starch amorphization during these processes; and lipids modification in milled and in 6-month aged samples. FT-IR analysis can be considered a rapid, nondestructive, solvent-free, sensitive, and useful tool to investigate starch, lipid, and protein modifications provoked by processing and storage as well as to determine, based on intensity ratio, the relative proportion of grain components within amaranth milling fractions. The abrasive milling associated to planetary ball milling to obtain modified different fractions is presented as an interesting strategy for the processing of amaranth grain.

Proliferación subdisciplinar en biología: debacle del reduccionismo y nuevas estrategias de unificación; Proliferation of subdisciplines in biology: the debacle of reductionism and new strategies of unification Ferreira Ruiz, María José; Folguera, Guillermo Durante las últimas décadas, la biología ha sido objeto de una considerable proliferación teórica y subdisciplinar, hecho que suscita la pregunta acerca de su unidad. Por ello, a partir del abandono del reduccionismo como estrategia unificadora, el interrogante filosófico es qué otras formas alternativas de relaciones subdisciplinares son posibles, y si dichas relaciones logran dar unidad a la biología. En el presente artículo, a partir de una breve consideración de algunos de los problemas que el programa reduccionista ha tenido en biología, analizaremos diferentes tipos de relaciones que se encuentran entre las subdisciplinas de la biología contemporánea. En particular, indagaremos cuatro de las principales propuestas que pueden encontrarse en la literatura filosófica especializada; ofrecemos entonces dos nuevas propuestas de relación interdisciplinar: el isomorfismo de la biología evolutiva, e la importación/exportación de cuerpos teóricos, propia de la relación entre la ecología y la fisiología. Finalmente, presentaremos algunas consideraciones en torno al objetivo de la unidad de la ciencia en general, como también acerca de la clase de cohesión que creemos posible para la biología a partir de nuestros análisis, defendiendo la idea de un pluralismo de las relaciones interdisciplinares y de la unidad como un fenómeno local.; Over the last decades, in biology there has been a proliferation of subdisciplines and theories, and this poses a question about its unity. Consequently, after reductionism was abandoned as a unifying strategy, philosophical questions have been raised about the possibility of alternative forms of relations among the subdisciplines, and whether they can effectively accomplish a unity of biology. This article starts with a brief consideration of some of the problems that the reductionist program confronts in biology, and then analyzes different kind of relations that are present among the subdisciplines of contemporary biology. In particular, we investigate four of the main proposals that can be found in the specialized philosophical literature; and then we propose two models of inter-disciplinary relations: isomorphism in evolutionary biology, and import/export of theoretical corpus, present in the relation between ecology and physiology. Finally, we offer a few ideas on unity as a goal for science in general, and also about the kind of cohesion that we think to be possible for biology based on our analysis. Thus, we defend the idea of pluralism of inter-disciplinary relations and of unity as a local phenomenon.

Dinámica inmobiliaria en la ciudad de Buenos Aires (2001-2011) Guevara, Tomás Alejandro La dinámica inmobiliaria conformada en la ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires en el período 2001-2011 adquirió un carácter excluyente y provocó un estrechamiento de las condiciones de acceso a la vivienda para sectores populares y medios. Esto se evidencia tanto en la evolución del precio de los terrenos, como en la evolución del precio de venta del metro cuadrado construido o del precio del alquiler, entre otras variables. Como consecuencia, el déficit habitacional fue en aumento durante todo el período, donde sobresale el componente de población en villas y asentamientos. El artículo se basa en estadísticas oficiales y privadas de precios de inmuebles, alquileres, superficies construidas, créditos hipotecarios, etc.

Dieta del Aguilucho Común (Geranoaetus polyosoma) en pastizales costeros y zonas periurbanas de la Región Pampeana; Diet of the variable hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma) in grasslands and periurban zones of the pampean region of Argentina Baladron Felix, Alejandro Victor; Cavalli, Matilde; Martínez, Guadalupe Se estudió la dieta del Aguilucho Común (Geranoaetus polyosoma) durante el período no reproductivo en dos áreas contrastantes, un pastizal natural y una zona periurbana ubicadas en el sudeste de la Región Pampeana (Argentina), con el objetivo de evaluar si los hábitos tróficos de esta rapaz cambian de acuerdo al ambiente. La dieta del Aguilucho Común estuvo compuesta exclusivamente por micromamíferos en ambos sitios, aunque los ítem presa consumidos difirieron entre hábitats. El ratón de campo (Akodon azarae) fue la presa dominante en pastizales naturales, mientras que el tuco-tuco (Ctenomys talarum) fue la presa principal en zonas periurbanas. El Aguilucho Común realizó un alto consumo de roedores grandes en pastizales (83,3% menores a 30 g de peso promedio) en comparación con zonas periurbanas (61,5% mayores a 90 g de peso promedio). Los resultados evidenciarían la plasticidad de esta rapaz a cambiar su comportamiento alimentario dependiendo de las condiciones locales.; We studied the diet of the Variable Hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma) during non-breeding season in two contrasting areas, a natural grassland and a periurban zone located in the southeast of the Pampean Region (Argentina), in order to address if food habits of this raptor change according to location. The diet of the Variable Hawk was composed exclusively of small mammals in both sites, although prey items were different between habitats. Akodon azarae was the dominant prey in grasslands, whereas Ctenomys talarum was the main prey in periurban zones. The Variable Hawk showed a high consumption of small rodents in grasslands (83.3% smaller than 30 g of mean mass) in comparison to periurban zones (61.5% larger than 90 g of mean mass). Our results would be evidencing the plasticity of this raptor to change its feeding behavior depending on the local conditions.

La dirigencia peronista jujeña y el movimiento obrero en el tercer gobierno de Perón: del entendimiento a la violencia política; Jujuy’s Peronist leadership and the labour movement during the third Peronist government: from understanding to political violence Kindgard, Adriana Mercedes Las relaciones entre la dirigencia peronista de Jujuy y el movimiento obrero no escaparon de los efectos derivados del avance – habilitado desde el poder central– de los sectores de derecha dentro del movimiento peronista, efectos pronto evidenciados en la escalada de violencia política instrumentada desde el Estado. Las líneas que siguen pretenden dar cuenta de las especificidades de estos procesos en la provincia norteña y del rol que jugaron los referentes claves del peronismo provincial, echando alguna luz sobre la cuestión de las complejas formas que en aquella coyuntura crítica asumió la conjunción de contextos nacionales y locales.; The relations between Jujuy’s Peronist leadership and the labour movement could not escape from the effects of the advance - promoted by the central power- of the right-wing sectors within the Peronist movement. These effects were soon evidenced in the increase of political violence carried out by the State. The following lines intend to give an account of the specifics of these processes in the Northern Province and of the role played by the key members of provincial Peronism, shedding some light on the question of the complex forms which the conjunction of national and local contexts assumed on that critical juncture.

Biocapital, indocumentação e experiência de classe na fronteira uruguaio-brasileira; Biocapital, indocumentación y experiencia de clase en la frontera uruguayo-brasileña; Biocapital, undocumentation and class experience in the Uruguayan-Brazilian border Martins Moraes, Alex El entrelazamiento entre situación de indocumentación y regímenes capitalistas de extracción de valor inscriben la existencia de algunos trabajadores rurales que habitan las fronteras del Mercado Común del Sur en un verdadero estado de excepción, que favorece y potencia los efectos del biocapital sobre sus cuerpos y subjetividades. En el presente trabajo, basado en una investigación etnográfica de dos años en la frontera brasileño-uruguaya, me propongo a reconstruir estas complejas cartografías del poder de modo de alinear la teoría social con una crítica situada y corporizada de los sistemas de dominación. Fuente: Pacarina del Sur - http://www.pacarinadelsur.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=882&catid=14&Itemid=31#resumen - Prohibida su reproducción sin citar el origen.; Nas fronteiras do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul), o entrelaçamento entre situação de indocumentação e regimes capitalistas de extração de valor inscrevem a existência de determinados trabalhadores rurais em um verdadeiro estado de exceção que potencializa os efeitos do biocapital sobre seus corpos e subjetividades. Neste trabalho, baseado em uma investigação etnográfica de dois anos na fronteira brasileiro-uruguaia, eu reconstruo estas complexas cartografias do poder, de modo a alinhar a teoria social com uma crítica situada e corporizada dos sistemas de dominação.; The entanglement between undocumentation and capitalist regimes of value extraction inscribes the existence of some rural workers who inhabit the borders of the Southern Common Market in a real exception zone, that promotes and enhances biocapital effects over their bodies and subjectivities. In this article, based on a two-year ethnographic research on the Brazilian-Uruguayan border, I intend to reconstruct these complex cartographies of power in order to link social theory with a situated and embodied critique of domination systems. Fuente: Pacarina del Sur - http://www.pacarinadelsur.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=882&catid=14&Itemid=31#abstract - Prohibida su reproducción sin citar el origen.

La cuestión criminal: sensacionalismo y discurso mítico Tonkonoff, Sergio Esteban El presente artículo explora la reacción de gran intensidad afectiva que el crimen desencadena, partiendo de la premisa que esa afectividad no parece pura y simplemente repulsiva. Antes bien, se caracteriza por su ambivalencia. Afirmaremos que esto es así porque el acontecimiento criminal pone fuera de sí a los individuos habitualmente sujetos al ensamble societal y sus medidas. Este desequilibrio ocurre tanto en el plano afectivo como en el cognitivo, y en ciertas condiciones de comunicación puede conducirlos a estados de público o de multitud. Ello explica el exceso de la respuesta colectiva, tanto como la ambivalencia que comporta. Ello explica también que el mito sea la forma discursiva que habitualmente le corresponde −tales son al menos las tesis que hemos querido explorar aquí.

Tlatelolco 1968 y otros gritos subalternos del cine latinoamericano; Tlatelolco 1968 and other subaltern shouting from Latin American cinema Mestman, Mariano Ernesto En 1968, los estudiantes mexicanos del Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos (CUEC-UNAM) acompañaron con sus cámaras las protestas del Movimiento Estudiantil entre los primeros incidentes de julio y la masacre de Tlatelolco del 2 de octubre. Esos registros fueron guardados durante algunos meses ante la persecución desatada por el gobierno de Gustavo Díaz Orda y entre 1969 y 1970 terminaron de editarse en el largometraje documental El grito (Leobardo López Arretche). El presente artículo estudia la singular configuración del testimonio en aquel documental y su articulación con la representación de las protestas masivas. Asimismo, se compara con otros casos de la “literatura testimonial” de esos años también llevados al cine, a partir de una clásica distinción de John Beverley entre dos momentos clave de la producción testimonial latinoamericana: la coyuntura de radicalización en que emerge el “género” en los años 60 y aquella posterior (y distinta) cuando se articuló en la denuncia de las violaciones de derechos humanos y las represiones más cruentas desde la década de 1970.; In 1968, students from the Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos (CUEC-UNAM) captured with their cameras the process of protests, between the firsts manifestations in July and the October, 2 Tlatelolco massacre. Given the represions of Gustavo Díaz Ordaz government, the footage was hidden and finally edited between 1969 and 1970 to make the documentary El grito (Leobardo López Arretche). This article discusses the presence of the testimony and the representation of masses in El grito following John Beverly´s reflections about the genre. He has pointed out two key moments of Latin American testimonial literature: the emergence of the genre in the sixties still at the Revolutionary imaginary, and its place during the complaints on violations of human rights after the military goverments of the seventies. Drawing on Beverly´s distinction for the literature, this work focus on film, and also compares El grito with other testimonial latin american films of those years.

Detection of bovine herpesvirus 2 and bovine herpesvirus 4 DNA in trigeminal ganglia of naturally infected cattle by polymerase chain reaction Campos, F. S.; Franco, A. C.; Oliveira, M. T.; Firpo, R.; Strelczuk, G.; Fontoura, F. E.; Kulmann, M. I. R.; Maidana, Silvina Soledad; Romera, Sonia; Spilki, F. R.; Silva, A. D.; Hübner, S. O.; Roehe, P. M. Establishment of latent infection within specific tissues in the host is a common biological feature of the herpesviruses. In the case of bovine herpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2), latency is established in neuronal tissues, while bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) latent virus targets on cells of the monocytic lineage. This study was conducted in quest of BoHV-2, BoHV-4 and OvHV-2 DNA in two hundred trigeminal ganglia (TG) specimens, derived from one hundred clinically healthy cattle, majority of them naturally infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5). Total DNA extracted from ganglia was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) designed to amplify part of the genes coding for BoHV-2, and BoHV-4 glycoprotein B and, for OvHV-2, the gene coding for phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase-like protein. BoHV-2 DNA was detected in TG samples of two (2%) and BoHV-4 DNA in nine (9%) of the animals, whereas OvHV-2 DNA could not be detected in any of the TG DNA. The two animals in which BoHV-2 DNA was identified were also co-infected with BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. Within the nine animals in which BoHV-4 DNA was detected, six were also co-infected with BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. This report provides for the first time evidence that viral DNA from BoHV-2 and BoHV-4 can be occasionally detected in TG of naturally infected cattle. Likewise, in this report we provided for the first time evidence that the co-infection of cattle with three distinct bovine herpesviruses might be a naturally occurring phenomenon.

Diferencia y vecindad: El secreto y las voces de Gamerro desde Muerte y transfiguración de Martínez Estrada. Apuntes sobre proximidad y distancia Greco, Mauro Ignacio Es extraño afirmar que algo se dice desde un lugar, como si quien lo afirma fuera el exégeta apropiado del sitio, o como si éste resultara un paraje del cual resguardarnos de la intemperie. Sin embargo, todo se dice desde algún lugar, y no desde ninguno —y por ende todos— de ellos. En esta dirección, intentaré pensar las relaciones entre vecindad y diferencia, entre lo que se encuentra próximo y sin embargo lejano, en una novela retratante de vecindades de lugares de muerte como El secreto y las voces (2002) de Carlos Gamerro, en el marco de mi investigación doctoral sobre responsabilidad colectiva y pequeñas resistencias para con la última dictadura, a través de memorias de vecinos de centros clandestinos de detención (CCD), en sus representaciones literarias y cinematográficas, en articulación con una etnografía sobre las vecindades de un ex CC en particular, la Seccional núm. 1 de Santa Rosa-La Pampa. Este trabajo intentará realizarse a partir de ciertas reflexiones martinezestradianas en Muerte y transfiguración de Martín Fierro [1948] sobre la vecindad, el borde, la frontera, aquello que, como los puentes, separa y une un punto y otro.; It is strange to state that something is says from some place, like whom declares that were the appropriate reader of the spot, or like if it were a location where we can shelter of the open place. Nevertheless, everything is says from some spot, and not from none —and, because of it, all— of them. In this direction, I will try to think the vinculations between vicinity and diference, between nearby and distance, in a novel about dead place’s neighbourhood called The secret and the voices (2002), of Carlos Gamerro. This work is frame in my PhD investigation about common responsibility and micro resistances to the last argentine dictatorship, through memories of clandestine detention centers (CDC)’s neighbors in their literary and cinematography representations, in articulation with a etnography to a ex CDC’s particular neighbourhood, the Police Station No. 1 of Santa Rosa-La Pampa. This essay will try to carry out from some Martinez Estrada’s reflections of his book Death and transfiguration of Martín Fierro [1948] about the vicinity, the edge, the borders, that what, like the bridges, connects and separates one point and another.

Nano-Designed Enzyme–Functionalized Hierarchical Metal–Oxide Mesoporous Thin Films: En Route to Versatile Biofuel Cells Bellino, Martin Gonzalo; Soler Illia, Galo Juan de Avila Arturo A versatile bioelectronic system is presented, based on Ag nanoparticle assemblies embedded into hierarchically mesoporous titania thin films on which electroactive enzymes are simply immobilized by a fast adsorption process. This strategy enables straightforward, cost effective, high-performance, thin-film enzymatic fuel cell technology with foreseeable applications in self-powered microfluidic and electronic

Clases sociales y prácticas laborales desde la perspectiva de las estrategias de reproducción social Freyre, Maria Laura; Assusa, Gonzalo En este trabajo presentaremos los primeros resultados de una investigación en curso que se propone analizar el espacio social de las clases y las estrategias de reproducción social en el Gran Córdoba. Particularmente analizaremos las distintas categorías de “inactividad económica” como estrategias laborales habilitadas por las diferentes posiciones sociales en este espacio y sus posibilidades diferenciales de acumulación y reproducción. La construcción del espacio social a partir del volumen y estructura de los capitales, desde la perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu, supone la consideración de la trayectoria histórica y la metodología del Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiples (ACM), que permite ordenar el material empírico poniendo en juego las asociaciones y las desigualdades trazadas por la distribución de los distintos tipos de recursos considerados simultáneamente, evitando perder la complejidad de la trama relacional estructural. Para analizar las estrategias laborales y comprenderlas en el marco de las estrategias de reproducción social de las unidades domésticas (familias) utilizaremos datos estadísticos de una fuente secundaria: la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH) elaborada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (Indec) de la Argentina. Luego de presentar el ACM y el ordenamiento de los hogares en clases estadísticamente construidas analizaremos el comportamiento de las variables vinculadas al trabajo para cada clase o fracción de clase. De esta manera, mostraremos cómo la inactividad puede ser comprendida en relación al peso relativo del capital cultural, al capital económico y social, para cada sector del espacio de las clases analizado.; In this paper we present the first results of an ongoing investigation that aims to explore the social space of classes and social reproduction strategies in Gran Córdoba. We analyze specifically labor strategies enabled by the different social positions in this space and their potential differences in accumulation and reproduction. The construction of social space from the volume and structure of capital involves consideration of the historical dimension, and the methodology of Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), to sort the empirical material, taking into account the inequalities and associations outlined by the distribution of different types of resources considered simultaneously, avoiding losing the relational complexity of the framework. To analyze and understand labour strategies within the framework of social reproduction strategies of the households (families) we use statistical data from a secondary source: Permanent Household Survey (EPH) developed by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (Indec) of Argentina. After presenting the ACM and the households classification in classes statistically constructed, we analyze the behavior of the work-related variables for each class or class fraction. Our goal is to explain and understand labor practices, as “reasonable” in a relational sense, from class positions built for the families that have been defined as our object of study. In this way, we show how inactivity can be understood in relation to the relative importance of cultural capital, economic and social capital for each sector of the social space of classes we analyze.

Early protein malnutrition negatively impacts physical growth and neurological reflexes and evokes anxiety and depressive-like behaviors Belluscio, Laura María; Berardino, Bruno Gabriel; Ferroni, Nadina Micol; Ceruti, Julieta María; Canepa, Eduardo Tomas Malnutrition is a worldwide problem affecting millions of unborn and young children during the most vulnerable stages of their development. In humans, poor maternal nutrition is a major cause of intrauterine growth restriction which is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality and long-term morbidity. In addition, intrauterine growth restriction correlates with neurodevelopmental delays and alterations of brain structure and neurochemistry. While there is no doubt that maternal malnutrition is a principal cause of perturbed development of the fetal brain and that all nutrients have certain influence on brain maturation, proteins appear to be the most critical for the development of neurological functions. In the present study we assessed male and female mouse offspring, born to dams protein restricted during pregnancy and lactation, in physical growth and neurobehavioral development and also in social interaction, motivation, anxiety and depressive behaviors. Moreover, we evaluate the impact of the low protein diet on dams in relation to their maternal care and anxiety-related behavior given that these clearly affect pups development. We observed that maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation delayed the physical growth and neurodevelopment of the offspring in a sex-independent manner. In addition, maternal undernutrition negatively affected offspring's juvenile social play, motivation, exploratory activity and risk assessment behaviors. These findings show that protein restriction during critical periods of development detrimentally program progeny behavior.

Prevalencia y distribución espacial de brucelosis bovina en las provincias de San Luis y La Pampa; Prevalence and spatial distribution of bovine brucellosis in the provinces of San Luis and La Pampa Aznar, Maria Natalia; Linares, Facundo José; Cosentino, Bernardo; Sago, Andrés Miguel; la Sala, Luciano Francisco; Leon, Emilio; Duffy, Sergio Jose; Perez, Andres La brucelosis bovina es una zoonosis causada principalmente por Brucella abortus y usualmente detectada en hembras que abortan. La enfermedad es endémica en la República Argentina, donde la vacunación con Brucella abortus cepa 19 es obligatoria en todas las hembras bovinas de 3 a 8 meses. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia y la distribución espacial de la brucelosis bovina en vacas de cría adultas en La Pampa y San Luis. Durante el año 2010, se tomaron 8.965 muestras de bovinos de 451 predios. El 1,8 % (n: 157) de los animales y el 19,7 % (n: 89) de los predios fueron positivos. La prevalencia de bovinos y de predios fue significativamente (p<0,05) mayor en La Pampa (2,3 % y 26 %, respectivamente) que en San Luis (1,4 % y 15,5 %, respectivamente), pero estas diferencias no justifican la aplicación de medidas de control diferenciales. La proporción de bovinos reaccionantes no difirió de la obtenida durante el 2005. Sin embargo, La Pampa mostró una prevalencia de predios infectados significativamente mayor. Los predios infectados tuvieron una prevalencia intrapredio comprendida entre 4 % y 40 %. No se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los predios infectados y los no infectados cuando se analizaron las siguientes variables independientes: superficie, densidad bovina, relación ternero/vaca, total de bovinos, número de vacas y vaquillonas ingresadas y número de predios proveedores de hacienda. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias entre predios infectados con prevalencia mayor o bien menor o igual al 10 %. Se detectó un agrupamiento espacial de predios infectados en el sudoeste de La Pampa que podría relacionarse con un menor desarrollo ganadero y con menores controles sanitarios en los predios. Es necesario intensificar las acciones de control existentes en los establecimientos de cría de la región para mejorar su capacidad productiva y proteger a la población humana de esta enfermedad.; Bovine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease mainly caused by Brucella abortus and usually detected in females that abort. The disease is endemic in the Argentine Republic, where vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 is compulsory in all heifers of 3 to 8 months. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in cows of San Luis and La Pampa and its spatial distribution. Samples were obtained from 8965 cows and 451 farms, during the year 2010. 1.8% (n: 157) of cows and 19.7 % (n: 89) of farms were positive. The prevalence of cattle and farms was significant higher (p<0.05) in La Pampa (2.3% and 26%, respectively) than in San Luis (1.4% and 15.5%, respectively) but these differences are not relevant for implementing differential control measures. The proportion of reactive cows did not differ from that obtained during the year 2005. However, La Pampa showed a significantly higher prevalence of infected farms. The infected farms had an intra-farm prevalence between 4% and 40%. No differences between the infected and noninfected farms were observed when analyzing the following independent variables: area, bovine density, calf/cow index, total number of cattle, number of cows and heifers entering the sampled farms and number of farms supplying cattle. Farms with a prevalence greater than 10% or less than or equal to that value. A spatial cluster of infected farms was detected in the southwest of La Pampa; that situation might be related to a lower productive development and lower sanitary controls at farm level. It is necessary to intensify the current control actions in the breeding farms of the region to improve their productive capacity and to protect the human population from this disease.

Effect of the surfactant benzalkonium chloride in the sorption of paraquat and cadmium on montmorillonite Ilari, Romina; Etcheverry, Mariana; Zenobi, Maria Cristina; Zanini, Graciela Pilar Pesticides, heavy metals and surfactants can share the same region or site in the environment and thus they may compete for the surface of minerals. A competitive study of the adsorption between the cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAC) with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd(II)) and the cationic herbicide paraquat (PQ) on montmorillonite is presented. Adsorption isotherms for BAC, PQ and Cd(II) were performed in single solute systems and also in binary solute systems, PQ+BAC and Cd(II)+BAC to evaluate the effects of BAC on the adsorption of the other two substances. The affinities of BAC and PQ were strong and similar, thus BAC affected significantly the adsorption of PQ and vice versa. The affinity of Cd(II) for the montmorillonite surface was low, thus BAC affected appreciably Cd(II) adsorption, but the heavy metal did not modify BAC adsorption. XRD data show that BAC molecules control the magnitude of the basal spacing.

First Report of Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) Lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in Tucumán Province, Northwestern Argentina Ortega, Eugenia Silvana; Veggiani Aybar, Cecilia Adriana; Avila, Ana Lucía; Heredia, Jose Alejandro; Reguilón, Carmen Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons Adams & Penny es reportado por primera vez para la Provincia de Tucumán, extendiendo su rango de distribución geográfico para el noroeste de la Argentina.

Ischemic postconditioning: mechanisms, comorbidities, and clinical application Buchholz, Bruno; Donato, Pablo Martín; D'Anunzio, Verónica; Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge Since ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of mortality and heart failure, novel therapeutic strategies are expected to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Brief episodes of ischemia/reperfusion performed at the onset of reperfusion can reduce infarct size; a phenomenon termed “ischemic postconditioning.” Extensive research has determined that different autacoids (e.g., adenosine, bradykinin, opioid, etc.) and cytokines, their respective receptors, kinase signaling pathways, and mitochondrial modulation are involved in ischemic conditioning. Modification of these factors by pharmacological agents mimics the cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning. Here, the potential mechanisms of ischemic postconditioning, the presence of comorbidities, and the possible extrapolation to the clinical setting are reviewed. In the near future, large, multicentered, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trials will be required to determine whether pharmacological and/or ischemic postconditioning can improve the clinical outcomes of patients with IHD.

La comunidad de arañas Mygalomorphae (Araneae) de la Reserva Natural Sierra del Tigre, Tandilia, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Mygalomorphae spider community of the Natural Reserve Sierra del Tigre, Tandilia, Buenos Aires, Argentina Ferretti, Nelson Edgardo; Pompozzi, Gabriel Alejandro; Copperi, Maria Sofia; Schwerdt, Leonela Vanesa; Gonzalez, Alda; Pérez Miles, Fernando En el presente trabajo se analizó la riqueza específica, abundancia y actividad de la comunidad de arañas Mygalomorphae en la Reserva Natural Sierra del Tigre, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Este ecosistema serrano alberga numerosas especies endémicas y es rico en fauna y flora nativa. La abundancia de arañas se muestreó mensualmente desde mayo de 2011 a mayo de 2012, mediante recolección manual y trampas de caída. Las especies registradas en el área de estudio fueron Actinopus sp. 1 (Actinopodidae), Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli y Gerschman, 1960; Plesiopelma longisternale Schiapelli y Gerschman, 1942 y Catumiri argentinense (Mello-Leitão, 1941) (Theraphosidae). Grammostola vachoni resultó la especie dominante en la recolección manual y Actinopus sp. 1 en trampas de caída. Se discuten y analizan la variación estacional, diversidad y abundancia de la comunidad de migalomorfas. Las Mygalomorphae del sistema de Tandilia comprenden un grupo importante de arañas sedentarias y criptozoicas que parecen depender del tipo de ambiente y factores ambientales.; We documented the specific richness, abundance and activity of the Mygalomorph spider community in the Natural Reserve Sierra del Tigre, Buenos Aires, Argentina. This hilly ecosystem is home for many endemic species and rich in native fauna and flora. Spider abundance was sampled monthly from May 2011 - May 2012 by hand capture and pitfall traps. The species recorded in the study area were Actinopus sp. 1 (Actinopodidae), Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli y Gerschman, 1960; Plesiopelma longisternale Schiapelli y Gerschman, 1942 and Catumiri argentinense (Mello-Leitão, 1941) (Theraphosidae). Grammostola vachoni was the dominant species in hand capture and Actinopus sp. 1 in pitfall traps. The seasonal variation, diversity, and abundance of the mygalomorph community are analyzed and discussed here. The Mygalomorphae of the Tandilia system comprises an important group of sedentary and cryptozoic spiders that seem to be dependent on habitat type and environmental factors.

Nuevos registros del periquito australiano (Melopsittacus Undulatus) (aves, Psittacidae) para Argentina y Brasil; New records of Budgerigar (Melopsittacus Undulatus) for Argentina and Brazil Agnolin, Federico; Lucero, Rubén F.; Nenda, Santiago Javier; Lucero, Sergio Melopsittacus undulatus, comúnmente denominado como “periquito australiano” es una especie originaria de Australia que es actualmente comerciada de manera frecuente en el mercado de mascotas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de reportar nuevos hallazgos para M. undulatus en las provincias de Misiones y Buenos Aires (Argentina) y para el Estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil). Las observaciones aquí efectuadas podrían considerarse como registros accidentales, tratándose con certeza de aves escapadas o liberadas. A pesar de liberaciones masivas de cautiverio, esta especie aún no ha podido establecerse exitosamente en la naturaleza y su supervivencia en libertad parece ser limitada.; Melopsittacus undulatus, informaly known as the “Budgerigar” is a species original from Australia, that is currently part of the pet market. The aim of the present paper is to report new record of M. undulatus in the provinces of Misiones and Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Minas Gerais State (Brazil). Present records may be considered as of accidental occurrence, and may pertain to liberated or scaped individuals. Despite massive releases of captivity, this species has not yet been successfully established in the wild and their survival appears to be severely limited.