The formin FHOD1 and the small GTPase Rac1 promote vaccinia virus actin-based motility Alvarez, Diego Ezequiel; Agaisse, Herve Vaccinia virus dissemination relies on the N-WASP– ARP2/3 pathway, which mediates actin tail formation underneath cell-associated extracellular viruses (CEVs). Here, we uncover a previously unappreciated role for the formin FHOD1 and the small GTPase Rac1 in vaccinia actin tail formation. FHOD1 depletion decreased the number of CEVs forming actin tails and impaired the elongation rate of the formed actin tails. Recruitment of FHOD1 to actin tails relied on its GTPase binding domain in addition to its FH2 domain. In agreement with previous studies showing that FHOD1 is activated by the small GTPase Rac1, Rac1 was enriched and activated at the membrane surrounding actin tails. Rac1 depletion or expression of dominant-negative Rac1 phenocopied the effects of FHOD1 depletion and impaired the recruitment of FHOD1 to actin tails. FHOD1 overexpression rescued the actin tail formation defects observed in cells overexpressing dominant-negative Rac1. Altogether, our results indicate that, to display robust actin-based motility, vaccinia virus integrates the activity of the N-WASP– ARP2/3 and Rac1–FHOD1 pathways.

Thermodynamic model for process design, simulation and optimization in the production of biodiesel Cotabarren, Natalia Soledad; Hegel, Pablo Ezequiel; Pereda, Selva The separation processes of the biodiesel production process require thermodynamic models able to correlate and predict the phase equilibria of mixtures at different stages of the process. Moreover, some units like those in the glycerol washing sector, require high accuracy due to their sensitivity to the components distribution coefficients. In this work, the Group Contribution Equation of State (GCA-EoS) is applied to model several systems of importance in this field. The mixtures evaluated can be highly non-ideal, especially in the last purification steps where polar compounds are infinitely diluted in biodiesel. Experimental VLE and LLE data were satisfactorily correlated and predicted with a single set of interaction parameters, using a simplified version of the association contribution of the model. In this way GCA-EoS can be used for the whole process with a faster convergence of simulated units in comparison with the case of considering the rigorous association model. Furthermore, considering that GCA-EoS is a group contribution model, biodiesel production from different raw material, i.e soy, palm or canola oil, can be predicted without requiring new parameters adjustment. The prediction model can be applied to the design, simulation and optimization of the production and purification sections.

Desde la investigación a la extensión en la construcción colectiva de políticas públicas en educación rural; From research to extension, in the collective construction of public policies in rural education Cragnolino, Elisa Rita; Delprato, María Fernanda; Brumat, María Rosa; Caciorgna, Laura; Ominetti, Laura María; Piccioni, Andrea La intención de este artículo es recuperar los procesos extensionistas desarrollados desde el Programa de Investigaciones “Educación en espacios sociales rurales y educación básica de jóvenes y adultos”, radicado en el Centro de Investigaciones María Saleme de Burnichon de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades de la UNC. Nos referiremos en particular, al acompañamiento que estamos realizando al Movimiento Campesino de Córdoba (MCC) en la propuesta de construir escuelas de nivel medio para jóvenes y adultos del norte y noroeste de la provincia. El proyecto presentado al Ministerio de Educación, en forma conjunta con la Secretaría de Extensión Universitaria de la UNC, propone la creación de escuelas de nivel medio, de gestión pública, cogestionadas con las familias de las comunidades y con una modalidad de alternancia. La referencia a este proceso de acompañamiento al MCC nos permitirá abordar la manera en que fuimos construyendo la relación entre investigación-extensión y las perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas desde las que trabajamos. Recuperaremos el camino que hicimos, y que aún estamos recorriendo, en la propuesta de construir espacios educativos alternativos para las familias campesinas. En esta construcción intentamos ser coherentes con una manera de entender a la educación, a las responsabilidades del Estado, al lugar de la universidad pública y al modo en que consideramos a las políticas educativas y la posibilidad de construirlas colectivamente.; The purpose of this article is to recover the extension processes developed from the Research Program: “Education in Rural Social Environments and Basic Education for Young People and Adults”, based on the María Saleme de Burnichon Research Center of the School of Philosophy and Humanities, at the National University of Cordoba. We specifically refer to our support of the Movimiento Campesino de Córdoba (MCC) [Cordoba Peasant Movement] in the proposal to build mid-level schools for young people and adults from the North and Northwest of the province. The project submitted to the Ministry of Education, together with the Secretary for the University Extension Program of the UNC, proposes the creation of state-run mid-level schools, co-managed by the families in the community on a rotational basis. Referring to this process to support the MCC will allow us to approach the manner in which we built the relationship between research-extension, and the theoretical and methodological perspectives we applied in our work. We will recover the path we built, and that we are still travelling, in the proposal to build alternative educational areas for the peasant families. In this construction, we will try to be coherent with a way of understanding education, the State’s responsibilities, the public university’s place, and the manner in which we consider educational policies, as well as the possibility of building them collectively.

Genome Sequence of the Melanin-Producing Extremophile Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica Strain 34melT Pavan, María Elisa; Pavan, Esteban E.; López, Nancy Irene; Levin, Laura Noemí; Pettinari, María Julia The genome of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica strain 34melT, isolated from a heavily polluted river, contains several genomic islands and putative virulence genes. The identification of genes involved in resistance to different kinds of stress sheds light on the mechanisms used by this strain to thrive in an extreme environment.

Progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) due to a mutation in the C10orf2 (PEO1) gene mimicking a myasthenic crisis Gonzalez Moron, Dolores; Bueri, José; Kauffman, Marcelo Andres We described a case of a patient with autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) who presented with the acute onset dysphagia, quadriparesis, ptosis and respiratory insufficiency following a cardiac procedure and mimicking a myasthenic crisis. A pathogenic mutation in the C10orf2 (PEO1) gene was confirmed. The unusual presentation of our patient contributes to expand the clinical phenotype of PEO1 mutations and reinforces the need to consider mitochondrial myopathy as differential diagnosis of myasthenia gravis even in the case of acute onset symptoms.

Una mappa stellare per l'America latina: 3 'D' per orientare il consolidamento di processi imprescindibili Marcionni, Nelson Daniel La dinámica interna de los actuales procesos de integración en América Latina puede valorarse sólo en un marco estrictamente contextualizado, situado, de reflexión crítica, sólida y profunda, sobre aspectos trascendentes y cuestiones jurídicas relevantes directamente asociadas a las posibilidades de un mayor bienestar en el disfrute de los derechos, no ya sobre la base del ejercicio del derecho al desarrollo, sino desde la concepción mucho mayor de Desarrollo Humano que subyace en el imaginario de la integración latinoamericana,  y que requiere un planteo que debiera contribuir a descolonizar la visión supuestamente paradigmática del proceso de integración europeo; a revalorizar para la vida en democracia y en el Estado de Derecho de los países latinoamericanos, los alcances de una mejor, más genuina y auténtica construcción teórica sobre los procesos de integración regional y, con ello,  a respetar, por contextualizada, sus lineamientos propios que los alejan sin duda, de proyectos que excluyentemente persigan sólo optimizar la dimensión y eficiencia de los mercados.   Con esos objetivos, aunque hacia Nuestro Sur, las prioridades estratégicas de descolonizar, democratizar y desmercantilizar, tanto en su enunciación y alcance originales propuestos por De Sousa Santos, como en los que nos permitimos recrear para un enfoque específico sobre los procesos de integración desde una perspectiva comparada,  guardan vigencia y definen un rumbo necesario para las decisiones y las acciones, tanto en el terreno político cuanto en el de la labor intelectual.

Josefina Ludmer y el libro que se transformó en clase Gerbaudo, Analía Isabel Esta presentación gira sobre la relación entre clases y publicaciones en el trabajo intelectual de Josefina Ludmer. Se centra para ello en un episodio: el de un libro imaginado que finalmente convierte en cursos y seminarios. El artículo analiza esta decisión en el marco de sus fantasías de nano-intervención: desde este lugar se infieren las continuidades que articulan sus variaciones metodológicas.

Nitric oxide and AQP2 in hypothyroid rats: A link between aging and water homeostasis Sarati, Lorena Ivonne; Toblli, Jorge Eduardo; Martinez, Carla Romina; Uceda, Ana Margarita; Feldman, Mariana Laura; Balaszczuk, Ana Maria; Fellet, Andrea L. Objective Hypothyroid state and aging are associated with impairment in water reabsorption and changes in aquaporin water channel type 2 (AQP2). Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in AQP2 trafficking to the apical plasma membrane in medullary collecting duct cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether aging and hypothyroidism alter renal function, and whether medullary NO and AQP2 are implicated in maintaining water homeostasis. Materials/Methods Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2 and 18 months old were treated with 0.02% methimazole (w/v) during 28 days. Renal function was examined and NO synthase (NOS) activity ([14C (U)]-L-arginine to [14C (U)]-L-citrulline assays), NOS, caveolin-1 and -3 and AQP2 protein levels were determined in medullary tissue (Western blot). Plasma membrane fraction and intracellular vesicle fraction of AQP2 were evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results A divergent response was observed in hypothyroid rats: while young rats exhibited polyuria with decreased medullary NOS activity, adult rats exhibited a decrease in urine output with increased NOS activity. AQP2 was increased with hypothyroidism, but while young rats exhibited increased AQP2 in plasma membrane, adult rats did so in the cytosolic site. Conclusions Hypothyroidism contributes in a differential way to aging-induced changes in renal function, and medullary NO and AQP2 would be implicated in maintaining water homeostasis.

Activation of presynaptic GABA b(1a,2) receptors inhibits synaptic transmission at mammalian inhibitory cholinergic olivocochlear-hair cell synapses Wedemeyer, Carolina; Zorrilla de San Martín, Javier; Ballestero, Jimena Andrea; Gomez Casati, Maria Eugenia; Torbidoni, Ana Vanesa; Fuchs, Paul A.; Bettler, Bernhard; Elgoyhen, Ana Belen; Katz, Eleonora The synapse between olivocochlear (OC) neurons and cochlear mechanosensory hair cells is cholinergic, fast, and inhibitory. The inhibitory sign of this cholinergic synapse is accounted for by the activation of Ca 2+ -permeable postsynaptic α9α10 nicotinic receptors coupled to the opening of hyperpolarizing Ca 2+ -activated small-conductance type 2 (SK2)K + channels. Acetylcholine (ACh) release at this synapse is supported by both P/Q- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Although the OC synapse is cholinergic, an abundantOCGABAinnervation is present along themammaliancochlea. The role of this neurotransmitter at theOCefferent innervation, however, is for the most part unknown.Weshow thatGABAfails to evoke fast postsynaptic inhibitory currents in apical developing inner and outer hair cells. However, electrical stimulation ofOCefferent fibers activates presynapticGABA B(1a,2) receptors [GABAB (1a,2) Rs] that downregulate the amount of ACh released at the OC-hair cell synapse, by inhibiting P/Q-type VGCCs. We confirmed the expression of GABA B Rs at OC terminals contacting the hair cells by coimmunostaining for GFP and synaptophysin in transgenic mice expressing GABA B1 -GFP fusion proteins. Moreover, coimmunostaining with antibodies against the GABA synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase and synaptophysin support the idea that GABA is directly synthesized at OC terminals contacting the hair cells during development. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time a physiological role for GABA in cochlear synaptic function. In addition, our data suggest that the GABA B1a isoform selectively inhibits release at efferent cholinergic synapses.

Variación temporal en abundancia de huevos y larvas de Engraulis anchoita en el litoral nortpatagónico de enero a abril de 2001: crecimiento y mortalidad larval; Temporal variation in Engraulis anchoita eggs and larvae abundance in the northpatagonian littoral between January-April 2001. Larval growth and mortality Brown, Daniel Roberto; Leonarduzzi, Ezequiel; Averbuj, Andres; Livore, Juan Pablo Se analizaron los patrones de distribución y abundancia de huevos y larvas de anchoíta en el litoral norpatagónico argentino durante el período comprendido entre enero y abril de 2001. A medida que avanzaba la temporada se observó un proceso de disminución en la actividad reproductiva. Se establecieron las tasas de crecimiento y mortalidad de larvas. Las determinaciones de edad se realizaron analizando los incrementos diarios de otolitos. El valor promedio de la tasa de crecimiento de 0,43 mm día -1 no mostró diferencias espacio-temporales, hecho que se atribuyó a la homo- geneidad del campo térmico. La tasa de mortalidad natural, de 0,32 d -1 en enero, se determinó por extinción expo- nencial. Las tasas de mortalidad, estimadas con el modelo de mortalidad-agregación, se consideraron dependientes de la talla larval. Los rangos de valores (d -1 ) fueron 0,07-0,49, 0,05-0,61 y 0,07-0,51 para enero, febrero, y marzo-abril, respectivamente.; Argentine anchovy eggs and larvae abundance distribution patterns in the Argentine northpatagonian littoral during January-April 2001 were analyzed. As the season progressed, a process of decline in the reproductive activity was observed. Larval growth and mortality rates were established. Age determinations were performed analyzing otoliths daily increments. The 0.43 mm day -1 growth rate average did not show space-time differences, fact attributed to the homogeneity of the thermal field. The 0.32 d-1 January natural mor- tality rate was determined by exponential decline. Mortality rates, estimated with the mortality-aggregation model, were considered dependent on the larval size. The value ranges (d -1) were 0.07-0.49, 0.05-0.61 and 0.07-0.51 for January, February, and March-April, respectively.

A Reply to Palmira Lo Guercio, Nicolás Francisco In “Philosophical Peer Disagreement” I argued that in order to properly account for the phenomenon of philosophical peer disagreement it is necessary to drop the ‘same evidence’ condition from the definition of epistemic peerage. The reason is the following: different philosophical perspectives might come with different commitments concerning the evidential role of the same piece of data, and it would be wrong to deny the status of epistemic peer to someone that is acquainted with the same data, even if he does not consider it plays an evidential role. However, on “On the Necessity of the Evidential Equality Condition For Epistemic Peerage,” Michele Palmira has developed some criticisms to these ideas. Here I defend my view from Palmira’s objections.

Sketch-maps and the geographical visual tradition in twentieth-century school texts Lois, Carla Mariana What happened with visual skill in Geography along the 20th Century? This article explores some answers throught some school texts at the Newberry Library.

La sanción de la capacidad civil plena de la mujer en los países del Cono Sur (1945-1990): una propuesta de análisis del fenómeno legal Giordano, Veronica En los primeros códigos civiles, las mujeres fueron definidas como sujetos de incapacidad de hecho relativa, limitación que venía asociada a la potestad del varón dentro del matrimonio. Este artículo aborda el reconocimiento de la capacidad civil plena de las mujeres en Uruguay (1946), Brasil (1962), Argentina (1968) y Chile (1989) como parte de un proceso complejo hacia la erosión (pero no disolución) del patriarcado. Para ello pone en práctica una metodología específica para el análisis del fenómeno legal que permite revelar los mecanismos discriminatorios. Asimismo, asume una perspectiva sociológico-histórica comparativa que muestra los diferentes recorridos hacia la reforma de la ley civil y los elementos que le son comunes. Se explicitan las distintas trayectorias, asumiendo que las dinámicas internas son únicas, pero mostrando que es posible identificar un mismo patrón de cambio: la modernización conservadora. En efecto, las mujeres casadas quedaron fijadas como sujetos de inferioridad jurídica, incluso cuando se les otorgó formalmente la capacidad civil plena. La modernización trajo cambios, pero el proceso estuvo dominado por las fuerzas de la tradición.

Raúl Sendic y el lenguaje sagrado de la política Merenson, Silvina Ines Este artículo parte e intenta responder a la pregunta formulada por los editores de la revista: "¿Puede hablarse de un culto a Raúl Sendic?" Para ello se analiza el parentesco entre el lenguaje de la radicalización política montevideana en los años sesenta y el lenguaje de la religiosidad popular entre los trabajadores rurales de la ciudad Bella Unión a partir de la trayectoria de Raúl Sendic, máximo dirigente del Movimiento Nacional de Liberación Tupamaros.

Las Comunas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires: discursos, diagnósticos y expectativas al momento de su creación Cosacov Martinez, Natalia En este artículo se reconstruyen los principales argumentos esbozados por los Convencionales Constituyentes, en 1996, para fundamentar la creación de las Comunas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Para ello, en la primera parte se realiza un breve esbozo de los avatares de la noción “sociedad civil” intentando destacar los contextos que funcionaron como puntos de inflexión en su definición. Esto resulta central para repasar los discursos que, enunciados en distintos contextos, operaron en la discusión sobre la creación de las Comunas. En la segunda parte, se reconstruyen los diagnósticos realizados por los convencionales constituyentes y las expectativas que cargaron sobre la “sociedad civil”, intentando poner en dialogo las alusiones explícitas y los sentidos implícitos con los discursos mencionados en la primera parte.; This article reconstructs the main arguments outlined by the Conventional Constituents in 1996 to support the creation of the Comunas in Buenos Aires City. To this end, the first part is a brief outline of the vicissitudes of the notion of "civil society" trying to highlight the contexts that served as turning points in its definition. This review is central to compile and analyze discourses, formulated in different contexts, that were implicated in the discussion about the creation of Communes. In the second part, we reconstruct the diagnostic performed by the Conventional Constituents and the expectations generated on "civil society", attempting to make a dialogue between explicit allusions and implicit meaning, and the discourses mentioned in the first seccion of the review.

Educación para la sustentabilidad: escuelas agropecuarias de alternancia y organizaciones sociales del área periurbana sur del Gran Buenos Aires Cieza, Ramón Isidro; Flores, Claudia Cecilia; Tamagno, Lía Nora; Bonicatto, María Margarita; Gargoloff, Natalia Agustina; Blandi, María Luz; Lermanó, María J. El potencial de la agricultura urbana y periurbana (AUP) es cada vez más reconocido en las ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe. Esto se debe a que en las periferias urbanas se producen grandes cantidades de alimentos.

Thoracic aorta cardiac-cycle related dynamic changes assessed with a 256-slice CT scanner Carrascosa, Patricia; Capuñay, Carlos; Deviggiano, Alejandro; Rodriguez Granillo, Gaston Alfredo; Sagarduy, María Inés; Cortines, Patricio; Carrascosa, Jorge; Parodi, Juan C. Objective: The aim of our study was to demonstrate whether the dynamic changes previously documented at the ascending and abdominal aorta are replicated at the thoracic aorta. Methods and results: A consecutive series of thirty patients referred to our institution to undergo CT angiography of the thoracic aorta (CTA) constituted the study population. Patients with diffuse aortic atherosclerosis were excluded from the analysis. All studies were acquired with a 256-MDCT scanner and ECG-gating was performed in all cases. Two orthogonal imaging planes (maximal and minimal diameters) were obtained at three different levels of the descending thoracic aorta, using the distance from the left subclavian artery as proximal landmark: 10, 40, and 80 mm distance. The mean age was 58.9±15.7 years and 16 (53%) patients were male. Descending aorta measurements at 10, 40, and 80 mm distance from the left subclavian artery were all significantly larger within the systolic window (P<0.01 for all comparisons). Measurements of the maximal diameter were systematically larger than the minimal diameters among all aortic positions including ungated, systolic, and diastolic measurements (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions: The main finding of our pilot investigation was that the thoracic descending aorta undergoes significant conformational changes during the cardiac cycle, irrespective from the distance from the left subclavian artery.

Paclitaxel-loaded PCL–TPGS nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo performance compared with Abraxane® Bernabeu, Ezequiel Adrian; Helguera, Gustavo Fernando; Legaspi, María Julia; Gonzalez, Lorena; Höcht, Christian; Taira, Carlos Alberto; Chiappetta, Diego Andrés The purpose of this work was to develop Cremophor® EL-free nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with Paclitaxel (PTX) in order to improve the drug i.v. pharmacokinetic profile and to evaluate its activity against commercially available formulations such as Taxol® and Abraxane®. PTX-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)?alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PCL-TPGS) NPs were prepared using three different techniques: i) by nanoprecipitation (NPr-method), ii) by emulsion-solvent evaporation homogenized with an Ultra-Turrax® (UTmethod)and iii) by emulsion-solvent evaporation homogenized with an ultrasonicator (US-method). The NPs prepared by US-method showed the smallest size and the highest drug content. The NPs exhibited a slow and continuous release of PTX. The in vitro anti-tumoral activity was assessed using two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) with the WTS assay. Cytotoxicity studies with both cell lines showed that PTX-loaded PCL-TPGS NPs exhibited better anti-cancer activity compared to PTX solution and the commercial formulation Abraxane® at different concentrations. Importantly, in the case of triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, the IC50 value for PTXloaded PCL-TPGS NPs was 7.8 times lower than Abraxane®. Finally, in vivo studies demonstrated that PTX-loaded PCL-TPGS NPs exhibited longer systemic circulation time and slower plasma elimination rate than Taxol® and Abraxane®. Therefore, the novel NPs investigated might be an alternative nanotechnological platform for PTX delivery system in cancer chemotherapy.

Behavioral and toxicological responses of Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to 10 monoterpene alcohols Moretti, Ariadna Noelia; Zerba, Eduardo Nicolás; Alzogaray, Raúl Adolfo The effect on locomotor activity, the repellency, and the knock-down produced by 10 monoterpene alcohols were evaluated on first-instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans, vectors of Chagas disease. A video tracking technique was used to evaluate locomotor activity and repellency by exposure to papers impregnated with monoterpenes. Eugenol on R. prolixus and (S)-cis-verbenol on T. infestans did not modify the locomotor activity. The remaining monoterpenes produced hyperactivity on both species, although the concentration required was at least a 1,000 times higher than that of deltamethrin (positive control). Carvacrol, eugenol, and geraniol resulted as repellent as N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (positive control) for both species. A similar result was observed for almost every monoterpene on T. infestans. Knock-down effect was evaluated by exposing the nymphs in closed recipients. The order of increasing toxicity on R. prolixus was (KT50 values in min): geraniol (213.7) < α-terpineol (164.5) < linalool (124.2) < carvacrol (111.6) < eugenol (89.8) < thymol (78.9), and on T. infestans: α-terpineol (289.8) < eugenol (221.3) < carvacrol (164.2) < linalool (154.9) < thymol (96.7). All monoterpenes were less toxic than the positive control, dichlorvos (3.6 min for R. prolixus and 3.9 min for T. infestans). After 7 h of exposure, (-)-carveol, citronellol, and menthol (on both species) and geraniol (on T. infestans) produced <50% of knock-down. After these results, it is worthwhile to explore more deeply the potential of these compounds as tools for controlling Chagas disease vectors.

La conformación de cultos locales en perspectiva comparada: la devoción al Cristo de Cabra en Andalucía y el culto al Cristo de Renca en el obispado de Córdoba del Tucumán, siglos XVII a XIX; The establishment of local worships in a comparative perspective: the cult of the Christ of Cabra in Andalucia and the cult of the Christ of Renca in the Diocese of Cordoba of Tucuman, XVII to XIX centuries Mazzoni, María Laura El artículo se enmarca dentro de los estudios sobre prácticas de religiosidad e identidades regionales. Se aborda el surgimiento de dos devociones locales, una en el Reino de Granada y otra en el Obispado de Córdoba del Tucumán del Virreinato del Perú, entre los siglos XVII y XIX. Se trata, por un lado, del culto del Cristo de Cabra o Cabrilla que se desarrolló en la zona oriental de Andalucía al calor de la consolidación de las cañadas de ganado caprino. Y por otro lado, de la advocación del Cristo de Renca en la región cuyana de la Diócesis de Córdoba, que se desarrollo a la vera de una ruta mercantil. La perspectiva comparada nos permite trazar puntos de encuentros entre procesos similares dentro de la Monarquía católica enmarcados, además, en espacios de “conquista” o “reconquista” recientes, donde la trama político-eclesiástica estaba recién consolidándose en el mismo momento que se originan estas devociones.