Diacronías en negativos de campaña: un recorrido por la historia de la arqueología argentina del NOA a través de sus fotografías de trabajo de campo entre los años 1905 y 1930
Saletta, María José
Este artículo se propone indagar el proceso de conformación de la arqueología argentina, como disciplina así como de su objeto de estudio, mediante el análisis de su desarrollo histórico en el Noroeste argentino (en adelante NOA) entre 1905 y 1930, a partir de las fotografías que registraron el trabajo de campo de trece expediciones organizadas por el Museo Etnográfico de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. En ellas se busca rastrear si, durante el período relevado, hubo variaciones en las prácticas de los investigadores que indiquen el inicio de la aplicación de principios derivados del positivismo y del razonamiento inductivo. En trabajos previos (Saletta 2010, 2011) se presentó un análisis del total de la muestra de imágenes de trabajo de campo de las expediciones organizadas por el Museo Etnográfico durante ese mismo período. En ambos artículos se buscó rastrear la existencia de un habitus de visión disciplinar y, de existir, si éste reflejaba la objetivación del artefacto arqueológico por sobre sus relaciones contextuales. En cambio, en la presente investigación el objetivo consiste en analizar si durante los veinticinco años analizados se inició el proceso de sistematización –el disciplinamiento de la arqueología– en los métodos de trabajo de campo registrados en las fotografías y en el uso de la misma como registro “objetivo” de ese trabajo de campo.
El Desarrollismo y el problema agrario durante las décadas de 1950 y 1960; Development Policy and Agrarian Problems during the 1950s and 1960s
Lazzaro, Silvia Beatriz
El propósito del artículo se orienta al estudio de la proyección de las ideas desarrollistas sobre la economía y la sociedad argentina, particularmente en el ámbito del sector agropecuario durante las décadas de 1950 y 1960: las proposiciones, las estrategias implementadas y las secuelas más significativas. El criterio a utilizar pone énfasis en la consideración de las políticas públicas, no meramente como procesos determinados por factores que operan dentro de los límites territoriales y legales del Estado, sino analizadas como componentes y dimensiones de una red global de relaciones de poder e intereses que condicionan la lógica y la racionalidad que definen las articulaciones entre el Estado y la sociedad dentro del marco internacional.; The purpose of this article is to study the projection of development ideas on the Argentinean economy and society, particularly withinthe sphere of the dynamic agricultural sector,from 1950 to 1960: the goals, the strategiesimplemented and the most significant effects.The criterion to be used emphasizes the consideration of public policies not only as processesdetermined by factors that operate within theterritorial and legal limits of the state but analyzed as components and dimensions of aglobal network of power relations and intereststhat determine the logic and rationality thatdefine the links between state and societywithin the international framework.
Updated analyses of temperature and precipitation extreme indices since the beginning of the twentieth century: the HadEX2 dataset
Donat, M. G.; Alexander, L. V.; Yang, H.; Durre, I.; Vose, R.; Dunn, R. J. H.; Willet, K. M.; Aguilar, E.; Brunet, M.; Caesar, J.; Hewitson, B.; Jack, C.; Klein Tank, A. M. G.; Kruger, A. C.; Marengo, José A.; Peterson, T. C.; Renom, Madeleine; Oria Rojas, C.; Rusticucci, Matilde Monica; Salinger, J.; Elrayah, A. S.; Sekele, S. S.; Srivastava, A. K.; Trewin, B.; Villarroel, C.; Vincent, L. A.; Zhai, P.; Zhang, X.; Kitching, S.
In this study, we present the collation and analysis of the gridded land-based dataset of indices of temperature and precipitation extremes: HadEX2. Indices were calculated based on station data using a consistent approach recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices, resulting in the production of 17 temperature and 12 precipitation indices derived from daily maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation observations. High-quality in situ observations from over 7000 temperature and 11,000 precipitation meteorological stations across the globe were obtained to calculate the indices over the period of record available for each station. Monthly and annual indices were then interpolated onto a 3.75° × 2.5° longitude-latitude grid over the period 1901–2010. Linear trends in the gridded fields were computed and tested for statistical significance. Overall there was very good agreement with the previous HadEX dataset during the overlapping data period. Results showed widespread significant changes in temperature extremes consistent with warming, especially for those indices derived from daily minimum temperature over the whole 110 years of record but with stronger trends in more recent decades. Seasonal results showed significant warming in all seasons but more so in the colder months. Precipitation indices also showed widespread and significant trends, but the changes were much more spatially heterogeneous compared with temperature changes. However, results indicated more areas with significant increasing trends in extreme precipitation amounts, intensity, and frequency than areas with decreasing trends.
Los hermanos sean unidos... Frontera e identidad. Misiones 1870- 1953
Rodríguez, Lisandro Ramon
La actual provincia fronteriza de Misiones —en el nordeste argentino (nea)— constituyó hasta fines del siglo xix una zona de disputa que involucró a la Argentina, Paraguay y Brasil. El objetivo de estos países consistía en ejercer algún control sobre este espacio, cuya ubicación estratégica lo convertía en un punto clave del tráfico comercial de la región. La trama de relaciones regionales está enraizada con mayor profundidad que los límites fijados por los nuevos Estados; como se demuestra en el caso de Misiones, donde la existencia de numerosos circuitos de intercambio, códigos e historias compartidas da cuenta del carácter socio- histórico de la frontera y de la construcción social del espacio. El objetivo de este ensayo histórico, es analizar el accionar del Estado argentino en los procesos de definición de las fronteras de Misiones, particularmente en la demarcación de límites con Brasil y Paraguay. El enunciado de que las fronteras interestatales “no son naturales ni esenciales”, sino producto de acuerdos históricos surgidos de relaciones de fuerza entre los Estados y su relación con las poblaciones locales, es uno de los componentes conceptuales de este estudio.
Comunicación para el cambio social y educación.ambiental: reflexiones para la construcción colectiva del desarrollo a partir de un estudio de caso en Salta, Argentina; Communication for social change and environmental education: thoughts for the collective construction of development from a case in Salta, Argentina
Elbirt, Ana Laura
En este artículo presenta reflexiones acerca de las contribuciones de la educación ambiental como espacio de formación política necesario ante los conflictos socio-ambientales actuales. Para ello se expone, con perspectiva histórica, las distintas concepciones de desarrollo, desde las nociones economicistas hasta las actuales sobre el lugar central de la participación y la construcción de ciudadanía como condición para el desarrollo local. Las reflexiones teóricas expuestas están hechas sobre la base de un estudio de caso en la capital de la provincia de Salta. Este estudio se centró en el análisis de la primera medida gubernamental de Recolección Diferenciada de los Residuos Domiciliarios en la ciudad. Se trabajó la temática de la educación ambiental , a partir de los siguientes ejes: planificación participativa en los proyectos, capital social, rol del comunicador y medios de comunicación como promotores del desarrollo.; In this article we present reflections about the contributions of environmental education as a space for political formation necessary to the current socio-environmental conflicts. So we expose historical perspective of the different conceptions of development, since economic notions to the current on the central place of participation and the construction of citizenship as a condition for local development. Theoretical reflections are made on the basis of a case study in the capital of the province of Salta. This study focused on the analysis of the first public politic for differentiated collection of the domestic waste in the city. We worked with the following subjects: participative projects planning, social capital, role of communicator and the media as promoters of development.; Cet article propose des réflexions au sujet des contributions de l éducation sur l environnement, comme un espace de formation politique qui se rend nécessaire devant les conflits socio-environnementaux de nos jours. Pour cela, on expose, avec une perspective historique, les différentes conceptions du développement, depuis les notions de l économie classique d avant jusqu á celles d aujourd hui qui versent sur la place centrale de la participation et la construction de citoyenneté, comme l'une des conditions pour le développement local. Les réflexions théoriques qui y sont exposées ont été extraites sur la base d'une étude de cas dans la capitale de la province de Salta, Argentine. Cette étude a été faite autour de l analyse de la premiére disposition gouvernementale sur le Ramassage Différencié des Résidus Domiciliaires de la ville. On a travaillé la thématique de « l éducation á l environnement », á partir des points qui suivent : planification participative dans les projets, capital social, róle du communicateur et des médias en tant que promoteurs du développement.
Vulneración de derechos y alternativas de exigibilidad en salud comunitaria; Right's infirgment and alternatives to exigibility in communitarian health
Zaldua, Graciela; Longo, Roxana; Sopransi, María Belén; Lenta, María Malena
Desde la Epidemiología Crítica, el proceso de salud-enfermedad-atención-cuidado es considerado como un proceso singular y colectivo que acontece en un territorio. La Psicología Crítica aporta tanto la elucidación de dimensiones participativas y dialogales, como el compromiso con la transformación de contextos socioeconómicos, ecológicos, simbólicos y subjetivos. Ambas perspectivas aportan al abordaje de la salud como un campo de confluencia e intersección de sentidos, prácticas y saberes de diferentes actores sociales en territorios particulares. Con un enfoque cualitativo y la modalidad de estudio de casos múltiple, este trabajo se propone elucidar obstáculos y facilitadores en la exigibilidad de la salud como derecho en las comunas 3 y 4 de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Entre los resultados se visibilizaron como principales obstáculos: aspectos socioeconómicos, institucionales, epistémicos y tecnocráticos. Mientras que la existencia de actores con implicación crítica y el sostén de redes sociales-comunitarias aparecieron como principales facilitadores en el acceso al derecho a la salud.; From Critical Epidemiology, health-disease-care process is considered a singular and collective process that occurs in a territory. Critical Psychology brings elucidating of participatory, dialogic and commitment dimensions to transformation of socio-economic, ecological, symbolic and subjective contexts. Both approaches contribute to addressing health as a field of convergence and intersection of meanings, practices and knowledge of different social actors in specific territories. With a qualitative approach and a multiples cases study, this paper intends to elucidate barriers and facilitators in the exigibility of health's right in Buenos Aires City, districts 3 and 4. As results it became visible socio-economic, institutional, epistemological and technocratic dimensions as obstacles; while actors with critical involvement and community social networks appeared as main facilitators in accessing to health's right.
El enfrentamiento discursivo en el proceso de autonomización sindical de los trabajadores del Subterráneo de Buenos Aires (2009-2010); Discursive confrontation in the process of union autonomy of the Buenos Aires subway workers (2009‐2010)
Artese, Matias Cosme; Castro Rubel, Jorge Daniel
Luego de varios años de mantener una tensa relación con la dirección del sindicato que los representaba, la Unión Tranviarios Automotor (UTA), los trabajadores del Subterráneo de Buenos Aires decidieron en febrero de 2009 escindirse del mismo y conformar la Asociación Gremial de Trabajadores del Subterráneo y el Premetro (AGTSyP). A partir de allí, los trabajadores de este sector iniciaron un proceso de luchas -que los enfrentó principalmente con la UTA, el Estado nacional y la empresa concesionaria del servicio de Subtes- en la dirección de obtener el reconocimiento de su nuevo sindicato. En este artículo nos proponemos explorar el proceso de luchas a través del plano discursivo. El conflicto fue rastreado a lo largo de una periodización que atraviesa los años 2009 y 2010. Tomando como soporte el diario La Nación, construimos una base de declaraciones contenciosas que nos permitió analizar las personificaciones involucradas, sus destinatarios y sus objetivos.; After several years of maintaining a tense relationship with the leadership of the union that represented the Unión Tranviarios Automotor (UTA), workers in the Buenos Aires Underground in February 2009 decided to secede from it and form Asociación Gremial de Trabajadores del Subterráneo y el Premetro (AGTSyP). From there, workers in this sector began a process of struggle -that confronted primarily with UTA, the national state and the concessionaire-Subway service in the direction of obtaining recognition of their new union. In this article we propose to explore this process of struggle through the discursive level. The conflict was tracked over a periodization that spans the years 2009 and 2010. Taking as support the daily La Nación, we build a base of contentious statements which allowed us to analyze the personifications envolved, their recipients and the sense of their actions.
Endoparasitic infections in dogs from rural areas in the Lobos District, Buenos Aires province, Argentina
Dopchiz, Marcela Cecilia; Lavallén, Carla Mariela; Bongiovanni, Roberto Antonio; Gonzalez, Patricia Verónica; Elissondo, María Celina; Yannarella, Francisco; Denegri, Guillermo Maria
Dogs are definite hosts for several zoonotic helminthes and protozoan. Rural areas from the Lobos District in the northeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, are mainly used for livestock activity, increasing in this way the number of dogs on farms as well as the human risk of parasitic infections. The aims of this research were to evaluate the endoparasitic infections in dogs from farms in the Lobos District and analyze their zoonotic importance as well as several risk practices and habits of the rural population. Forty-two dog fecal samples obtained in 21 farms were analyzed through coproparasitological methods and coproantigen tests, which resulted in an overall parasite prevalence of 69.05% and 80.95% of the parasitized farms. The most frequent parasites were Trichuris vulpis and Eucoleus aerophila (26.19%), Echinococcus granulosus (19.05%), Uncinaria stenocephala and coccids (14.29%). The analysis of epidemiological files showed several habits of the rural population considered as risk factors associated with the presence of fecal samples parasitized and the presence of E. granulosus on the farms. It is clear that people involved with the farms studied were exposed to several helminthes that could cause serious diseases like cystic echinococcosis, which can become an important public health issue and affect the economy worldwide; Os cães são hospedeiros definitivos de vários helmintos e protozoários zoonóticos. As áreas rurais do distrito de Lobos, no nordeste da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, destinam-se principalmente à atividade pecuária aumentando desta forma o número de cães em fazendas, bem como o risco humano de infecções parasitárias. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar as infecções endoparasitas em cães de fazendas do distrito de Lobos e analisar a sua importância zoonótica, bem como as práticas de risco e hábitos da população rural. Quarenta e duas amostras de fezes de cães obtidos em 21 fazendas foram analisadas pelos métodos coproparasitológicos e testes de coproantígenos, resultando numa prevalência de parasitas de 69,05% e 80,95% das propriedades parasitados. Os parasitas mais frequentes foram Trichuris vulpis e Eucoleus aerophila (26,19%), Echinococcus granulosus (19,05%), Uncinaria stenocephala e coccídeos (14,29%). A análise dos arquivos epidemiológicos mostraram vários hábitos da população rural como fatores de risco associados com a presença de amostras fecais parasitadas e a presença de E. granulosus em propriedades rurais. É evidente que as pessoas das fazendas estudadas foram expostas a vários helmintos que podem causar doenças graves como equinococose cística, que constitui importante problema de saúde pública e econômico a nível mundial.
The role of ad-atoms in the coalescence of alkanethiol-passivated gold nanoparticles
Gutierrez Wing, C.; Olmos Asar, Jimena Anahí; Esparza, R.; Mariscal, Marcelo; Yacaman, M. J.
In the present work we show how the role of ad-atoms and surface imperfections play a key role during the coalescence of thiol-passivated Au nanoparticles (NPs) below 4 nm in diameter. Using spherical aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with ultra-high resolution and computer simulations we reveal the main structural and energetic changes throughout the diffusion/migration of surface atoms during coalescence of monolayer-protected NPs. The sintering process of nanoparticles with similar size (diameter) follows a neck-formation mechanism. However, in the case of thiol-protected Au NPs with different size (i.e. with dissimilar surface curvature) the Ostwald ripening mechanism has been detected with atomic resolution in situ STEM measurements for the first time. In particular we have observed how the larger particles grow in size at the expense of the smaller ones, until the latter completely disappear. The experimental findings have been supported with the aid of state-of-the-art computer simulations.
Photoreduction of aliphatic and aromatic thioketals: new access to the reduction of carbonyl groups by a desulfurization chain process
Oksdath Mansilla, Gabriela; Argüello, Juan Elias; Peñeñory, Alicia Beatriz
Aromatic and aliphatic ketones can be converted to methylene groups by desulfurization of the corresponding dithioketals in moderate to good yields. The reaction proceeds by photoinduced electron transfer from tert-BuOK in the presence of 1,4-dicyclohexadiene as hydrogen atom donor. The diene is able to trigger and keep a chain process by hydrogen transfer–proton transfer reactions.
Dwarf galaxies and the cosmic web
Benítez Llambay, Alejandro; Navarro, Julio F.; Abadi, Mario Gabriel; Gottlöber, Stefan; Yepes, Gustavo; Hoffman, Yehuda; Steinmetz, Matthias
We use a cosmological simulation of the formation of the Local Group of Galaxies to identify a mechanism that enables the removal of baryons from low-mass halos without appealing to feedback or reionization. As the Local Group forms, matter bound to it develops a network of filaments and pancakes. This moving web of gas and dark matter drifts and sweeps a large volume, overtaking many halos in the process. The dark matter content of these halos is unaffected but their gas can be efficiently removed by ram pressure. The loss of gas is especially pronounced in low-mass halos due to their lower binding energy and has a dramatic effect on the star formation history of affected systems. This "cosmic web stripping" may help to explain the scarcity of dwarf galaxies compared with the numerous low-mass halos expected in ΛCDM and the large diversity of star formation histories and morphologies characteristic of faint galaxies. Although our results are based on a single high-resolution simulation, it is likely that the hydrodynamical interaction of dwarf galaxies with the cosmic web is a crucial ingredient so far missing from galaxy formation models.
Integrating mitochondrial energetics, Redox and ROS metabolic networks: a two-compartment model
Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa; Aon, Miguel A.; Winslow, Raimond L.; O'Rourke, Brian; Cortassa, Sonia del Carmen
To understand the mechanisms involved in the control and regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, a two-compartment computational mitochondrial energetic-redox (ME-R) model accounting for energetic, redox, and ROS metabolisms is presented. The ME-R model incorporates four main redox couples (NADH/NAD+, NADPH/NADP+, GSH/GSSG, Trx(SH)2/TrxSS). Scavenging systems—glutathione, thioredoxin, superoxide dismutase, catalase—are distributed in mitochondrial matrix and extra-matrix compartments, and transport between compartments of ROS species (superoxide: O2⋅−, hydrogen peroxide: H2O2), and GSH is also taken into account. Model simulations are compared with experimental data obtained from isolated heart mitochondria. The ME-R model is able to simulate: i), the shape and order of magnitude of H2O2 emission and dose-response kinetics observed after treatment with inhibitors of the GSH or Trx scavenging systems and ii), steady and transient behavior of ΔΨm and NADH after single or repetitive pulses of substrate- or uncoupler-elicited energetic-redox transitions. The dynamics of the redox environment in both compartments is analyzed with the model following substrate addition. The ME-R model represents a useful computational tool for exploring ROS dynamics, the role of compartmentation in the modulation of the redox environment, and how redox regulation participates in the control of mitochondrial function.
Supramolecular complexes of maltodextrin and furosemide polymorphs: a new approach for delivery systems
Garnero, Claudia; Chattah, Ana Karina; Longhi, Marcela Raquel
We present new supramolecular complexes of two different solid forms of furosemide (I or II) with maltodextrin, in order to explore their application as delivery systems improving the bioavailability of the drug. The complexation in solution was evaluated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and phase solubility studies. The products in solid state were exhaustively characterized by using spectroscopic techniques (13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry) and thermal analysis. 1H relaxation times experiments gave further support in distinguishing the new solid forms. Dissolution studies in simulated gastric fluid showed that both supramolecular complexes presented significant increase in the dissolution, while the corresponding physical mixtures exhibited the most discriminating conditions between the furosemide forms I and II. Our results suggest the enhancement of the solubility and the dissolution of furosemide in the new complexes, making them promising candidates for the preparation of alternative matrices in oral pharmaceutical formulations.
The corn influence on the adsorption levels of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone by yeast cell wall
Pereyra, Carina Maricel; Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé; Chiacchiera, Stella Maris; Dalcero, Ana Maria
Aims: To in vitro evaluate the influence of the corn on the adsorption levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) by yeast cell walls (YCWs). Methods and Results: Two commercial YCWs were studied. The YCWs contain different percentages of polysaccharides. YCW1 and 2 contain 5·9 and 21% of mannans and 17·4 and 23% of β-glucans, respectively. Each YCW was resuspended in pH 2 and pH 6 buffer solutions. Corn was used to study the matrix influence. An aliquot of 500 μl YCW suspension was added to each microtube containing 500 μl of 0·1, 0·25, 0·5, 1, 2·5 and 5 μg ml−1 AFB1 or 0·5, 5, 10, 20 and 50 μg ml−1 ZEA. Microtubes were kept with mechanical agitation at 37°C for 30 min and then centrifuged for 10 min at 16 873 g and; the supernatants were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The amount of bound toxin was plotted as a function of the amount of added toxin according to mathematical expressions proposed by three theoretical models. Both YCWs were capable of adsorbing AFB1 and ZEA in amounts from 0·061 to 0·40 and from 0·10 and 0·26 g g−1, respectively. In the presence of the matrix, both adsorbents were not able to adsorb AFB1. However, they could adsorb ZEA at levels from 0·03 to 0·23 g g−1. Conclusions: Both YCWs adsorbed ZEA in the presence of corn and also under simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions. These results suggest that the studied YCWs are potential candidates for ZEA adsorption. Significance and Impact of the Study: Several in vitro assays have informed the ability of different substrates including yeast walls to adsorb AFB1 and ZEA; none of them have evaluated their ability to adsorb AFB1 and ZEA in the presence of the corn. The corn matrix can influence the adsorption phenomena of these mycotoxins.
Reflexiones sobre las contribuciones de la observación participante para una Sociología de los cuerpos y las emociones; Reflection about contributions of the participant observation for sociology of body and emotions
Vergara, Gabriela del Valle
En el marco del proyecto de investigación de beca posdoctoral CONICET (2013-2015), titulado “El trabajo y la soportabilidad entre los desechos. Tramas corporales, percepciones y emociones de recuperadores de residuos en rellenos sanitarios de Rafaela (Santa Fe) y Villa María (Córdoba), en la actualidad”, el artículo recupera las características de la observación participante desde la Antropología y la Sociología. A partir de las consideraciones de Erving Goffman y un primer análisis de registros etnográficos se reflexiona acerca de los aportes de la técnica en relación con una Sociología de los cuerpos y las emociones.; Under the research project CONICET post doctoral fellowship program (2013-2015), entitled "Work and supportability among the rubble. Body frames, perceptions and emotions of waste collectors in landfills in Rafaela (Santa Fe) and Villa Maria (Cordoba), at present", the article traces the characteristics of participant observation from Anthropology and Sociology. From considerations of Erving Goffman and ethnographic records first analysis reflects on the contributions of the technique in relation to a sociology of the body and emotions.
Four models and a challenge: past, present, and future of translator training programs in Argentina
Arrizabalaga, Maria Ines
Argentina has a long-standing tradition in translation training. This article has two purposes. On the one hand, it seeks to describe four translation training models prevailing in Argentinean universities, especially at Comahue, Córdoba and La Plata universities. The application of such models will be discussed in relation to the foreign-language training of students prior to and throughout undergraduate education. On the other hand, I will present a translation training model with a view to develop research skills in students, which might foster undergraduate education in research. The urgency to build up a research competence in students is backed up by the fact that Translation Studies is at present a vacant research area in the country.
Novel enzyme-polymer conjugates for biotechnological applications
Romero, Oscar Eduardo; Rivero, Cintia Wanda; Guisán, José M.; Palomo, José M.
In the present research, a rapid, simple and efficient chemoselective method for the site-directed incorporation of tailor-made polymers into protein to create biocatalysts with excellent properties for pharmaceutical industrial purpose has been performed. First we focused on the protein engineering of the Geobacillus thermocatenulatus lipase 2 (BTL2) to replace the two cysteines (Cys65, Cys296) in the wild type enzyme (BTL-WT) by two serines. Then, by similar mode, a unique cysteine was introduced in the lid area of the protein. For the site-directed polymer incorporation, a set of different tailor-made thiol-ionic-polymers were synthesized and the protein cysteine was previously activated with 2,2-dithiodipyridine (2-PDS) to allow the disulfide exchange. The protected BTL variants were specifically modified with the different polymers in excellent yields, creating a small library of new biocatalysts. Different and important changes in the catalytic properties, possible caused by structural changes in the lid region, were observed. The different modified biocatalysts were tested in the synthesis of intermediates of antiviral and antitumor drugs, like nucleoside analogues and derivatives of phenylglutaric acid. In the hydrolysis of per-acetylated thymidine, the best biocatalyst was the BTL*-193-DextCOOH , where the activity was increased in 3-fold and the regioselectivity was improved, reaching a yield of 92% of 3’-O-acetyl-thymidine. In the case of the asymmetric hydrolysis of dimethyl phenylglutarate, the best result was found with BTL*-193-DextNH2-6000, where the enzyme activity was increased more than 5-fold and the enantiomeric excess was >99%.
Las lógicas privadas de la expansión: loteos de barrios parque en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. 1910-1950; The private dynamics of the expansion: garden suburb allotments in Buenos Aires`s Metropolitan Area, between 1910 and 1950
Gomez Pintus, Ana Helena
Entre las décadas de 1910 y 1950 se asistió –en lo que se llamaría posteriormente el Gran Buenos Aires (GBA)– al crecimiento de un tipo particular de suburbio asociado a la residencia de verano o fin de semana y que a lo largo del período contribuiría a consolidar formas particulares de la expansión. Con la perspectiva más amplia de conocer los procesos (y por ende, los actores) que estuvieron por detrás de este tipo de crecimiento suburbano, en este artículo, trataremos de suministrar algunos elementos para comprender la participación que los agentes productores privados han tenido en los procesos de producción del suelo. Sobre el corpus de casos seleccionados para el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires se verificó a lo largo del período una actuación creciente de particulares, que operaron, fundamentalmente a fines del período, a través de pequeñas subdivisiones o de la compra-venta de lotes, junto a la acción de inmobiliarias medianas (que produjeron loteos en conjunción con los dueños de las tierras). Las operaciones generadas por este último grupo a través de los loteos y remates de tierras constituyeron el dato singular de la expansión en el GBA.; After Between 1910 and 1950, Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area witnessed the growth of a particular kind of suburb (gathering summer residences and week-end housing) that would show to be determinant for the settling of a particular type of expansion. In order to show the process, along with the actors, implied in this type of expansion, in this paper we present some ideas that could help us understand the role of the private agents working in land production's process. From the case analysis, first results show the growing participation of particular owners dividing, buying and selling land in small proportions, along with landowners in association with real state agents. The operations undertaken by this group: land auctions and subdivisions resulted in the idiosyncrasy of Buenos Aires´ sprawl.
Serum albumin level during intestinal exfoliative rejection: a potential predictor of graft recovery and patient outcome
Zambernardi König, María Agustina; Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo; Cabanne, Ana; Martínez, María Inés; Solar, Héctor; Rumbo, Martín; Rumbo, Carolina
Exfoliative rejection is a severe complication after intestinal transplant. The assessment of mucosa histology is restricted to the area reached by endoscopy. We aim to evaluate the serum albumin (SA) value as a parameter of graft damage and clinical prognosis in intestinal exfoliative rejection (ExR). The present study is a retrospective analysis of 11 episodes of ExR occurred in a cohort of 26 patients. SA levels were measured 24 h after diagnosis and twice a week thereafter and then correlated with parameters of clinical and graft histological recovery (HR). During ExR, all patients had very low SA levels, reaching a minimum average of 1.9 0.3 g/dL. According to the value of albumin levels at ExR diagnosis, the patients were grouped finding a correlation with their clinical evolution. Six ExR episodes presented with severe hipoalbuminemia (<2.2 g/dL; p < 0.05) that correlated with worse patient and graft outcome, ranging from graft loss and need for retransplantation to delayed clinical and HR. SA at ExR diagnosis may be an indicator of the severity of the ExR process, and it could also be used as an early predictor of patient and graft outcome.
