CONICET Digital

Effects of Microsite Conditions on Seedling Emergence at Grazed and Ungrazed Sites in Mountain Pampean Grasslands, Argentina

Effects of Microsite Conditions on Seedling Emergence at Grazed and Ungrazed Sites in Mountain Pampean Grasslands, Argentina Loydi, Alejandro; Peter, Guadalupe Seed germination and seedling establishment are the most critical period in many plant species. Plant diversity would be reflected according to the balance between seed bank composition and safe sites availability. In Pampean grasslands of Argentina, plant diversity is threatened by the advance of agriculture, being most of the original grasslands lost. In this context, is increasingly important to know the mechanisms involved in plant diversity maintainance. Seedling emergence would be partly responsible of plants diversity and it may be determined by microsites conditions (competition level, ground cover, presence of disturbances). Here we analyzed (1) the effect of above and below-ground competition and litter application on seedling emergence in non-grazed areas, and (2) the effect of cover of vegetation, litter or dung, bare ground, and soil removal on seedling emergence in grazed areas. In an exclosure and a grazed area, different microsites were created and natural seedling emergence was registered for two years. Above and below-ground competition reduced grasses emergence in non-grazed conditions, but did not affect forb emergence. Litter has no effect on emergence, although it reduced grasses survival. In the grazed areas, soil disturbance has a positive effect on emergence of seedling of all vegetation types, while litter application has a positive effect on grasses emergence. However, survival in this area was very low (<10%). Competition reduced seedling emergence, showing to be a major control factor for the regeneration of the dominant species in the non-grazed areas. Litter presence reduced survival of grasses, but not of forbs. In grazed areas, presence of litter improved microsites conditions, increasing grass emergence. While soil removal increased emergence of seedlings of all vegetation types, probably by favoring root development. In natural grasslands, availability of safe sites has an important role in the establishment of new individuals and regeneration.

Abiotic stress tolerance induced by endophytic PGPR

Abiotic stress tolerance induced by endophytic PGPR Piccoli, Patricia Noemí; Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén Abiotic stresses, like shortage of water, soil salinity, and extreme temperatures, are a main treat over worldwide agricultural. Plant Growth Promoter Rhizobacteria (PGPR) refers to several endophytes with alleged positive effects on plant health and growth. Their use has been pursued mainly for agricultural applications to increase yields since three decades. And amongst such purported positive effects is the increase in plants? resistance to abiotic stresses, both by producing some phytohormones and by inhibiting the production of others. However, albeit the considerable amount of literature produce in the meantime the progress either in effective yield increases by inoculation with PGPR or in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the purported beneficial effects has been rather scarce. This review focusses in revising the advancement made in the study of the different mechanisms involved in PGPR beneficial effects related to the diverse abiotic stresses, and in finding the reason why the limited success in practical application.

The history written in the grapevine genome

The history written in the grapevine genome Martínez Zapater, José M.; Lijavetzky, Diego Claudio; Fernández, Lucie; Santana, José Carlos; Ibañez, Javier Genetic and genomic information available in grapevine in combination with the analyses of archaeological remains can help to shed light on questions regarding its domestication process, such as the number and location of domestication events, the temporal sequence of the domestication process or the identification of some of the genes that drove their cultivar diversification. the available genetic evidence suggests the existence of limited grapevine domestication from its wild ancestor Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris, with almost no reduction in genetic variation due to the extensive use of vegetative multiplication. genetic evidence also suggests that domestication would have taken place in the eastern end of the distribution of the wild ancestor, although both nuclear and chloroplast markers point out the existence of introgression or secondary domestication events from western wild populations into western cultivars. the relevance of vegetative multiplication is also pointed out by the large accumulation of somatic mutations selected as drivers of phenotypic diversification. However, spontaneous hybridizations among cultivars are in the basis of the origin of current cultivars and cultivar families associated to different geographic regions.

Evaluación de la germinación de las semillas de Deuterocohnia longipetala (Bromeliaceae) "chaguar" y su potenial uso para la restauración de laderas degradadas

Evaluación de la germinación de las semillas de Deuterocohnia longipetala (Bromeliaceae) "chaguar" y su potenial uso para la restauración de laderas degradadas Funes Pinter, Mariano Iván; Llera, Joaquín Antonio; Dalmasso, Antonio Daniel El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la capacidad germinativa de la especie Chaguar (Deuterocohnia longipetala) para su uso potencial en la protección de laderas rocosas con pronunciada pendiente. Las semillas fueron colectadas en el departamento de Rivadavia, San Juan. Se determinó el poder germinativo de la especie, tanto en estufa, como en bandejas almacigueras (speedling). Para los ensayos de germinación en estufa, se trabajó con tres niveles de temperatura y con dos de iluminación; luz y oscuridad. El análisis factorial de luz y temperatura indicó que existe interacción entre ambos, con una mayor cantidad de semillas germinadas a 30°C, con el 99,00 ± 1,85% de germinación, y a 25°C con el 96,50 ± 3,96% correspondiente al tercer día, en presencia de luz. Por otro lado, se realizaron ensayos con bandejas almacigueras con tres tratamientos: cobertura con polietileno oscuro, transparente, y testigo sin cobertura. Se analizó mediante el cociente de chances (Odds ratio) considerando como alta germinación aquellas celdas con 2 y 3 semillas germinadas, y baja germinación aquellas con valores menores a 2. Como resultado se obtuvo que a los 12 días de iniciado el ensayo las celdas con alta germinación fueron un 353% superior en la cobertura oscura, respecto de la transparente. Sin embargo, a partir de la segunda semana hasta finalizar el ensayo (8 semanas), no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de germinación entre los tratamientos. En la bandeja sin cobertura (testigo), no se obtuvo germinación. Esto sugiere que una cobertura oscura acelera la germinación, pero sólo en la primera semana. Posiblemente la cobertura oscura simule condiciones naturales, debido a que en su hábitat natural, la especie se establece en las grietas de las rocas calizas, destacándose una extrema tolerancia a la sequía.

Kom kim mapudunguaiñ waria mew A.1.2 Sugerencias para el educador

Kom kim mapudunguaiñ waria mew A.1.2 Sugerencias para el educador Mayo González, Jhoan Simona; Salazar, Andrea; Vega, Katiuska; Huaiqui, Marjorie; Mariano, Héctor; Hasler Sandoval, Felipe Daniel; Antileo, Enrique; Ahumada, Arturo; Vargas, Cristián; Curin, Luisa; Curin, Felipe Este texto contiene las sugerencias para el educador que complementan el libro "Kom kim mapudunguaiñ waria mew A.1.2 Texto del Estudiante". Basado en el enfoque comunicativo de enseñanza de idiomas, este libro pretende contribuir a la revitalización del mapudungun en contextos urbanos y a la promoción de la interculturalidad como paradigma educativo.

La sistemática de los platirrinos y el registro fósil

La sistemática de los platirrinos y el registro fósil; The Systematics of the Platyrrhines and the Fossil Record Tejedor, Marcelo Fabian; Muñoz Saba, Yaneth La sistemática de los platirrinos ha tenido vaivenes durante la historia del conocimiento de los primates. Pero a partir de fines del S. XX se arribó a un consenso generalizado gracias a los avances de los estudios morfológicos, los aportes novedosos de la biología molecular y una mejor comprensión de los estudios ecológicos. Se ha llegado así al reconocimiento de tres familias, Atelidae, Cebidae y Pitheciidae, con claras relaciones filogenéticas en cada una. Entre los estudios morfológicos y moleculares hay congruencia en la mayoría de las relaciones, aunque la posición de Aotus permanece siendo controvertida. Para respaldar los trabajos sistemáticos aparece una contribución fundamental desde el registro fósil, que en épocas recientes se incrementó notablemente gracias al trabajo de pocos equipos de investigación. Así, en Suramérica existen dos regiones geográficas de mayor trascendencia por la abundancia relativa de restos y diversidad específica, como son la región de La Venta, en Colombia (Mioceno medio) y las provincias patagónicas en Argentina (Mioceno inferior a medio). Entre ambas, se registran 20 géneros de platirrinos (de un total de 28), cuyos vínculos filogenéticos aportan a la construcción de la sistemática, destacándose una radiación morfológicamente más primitiva y antigua en Patagonia, y la más moderna y típicamente amazónica en Colombia. Los grupos más representativos en ambas regiones son los Cebinae y Pitheciinae, con varios géneros que demuestran cierta sucesión de caracteres. Los platirrinos más antiguos se hallan en Bolivia (26 millones de años), con dos especies de afinidades complejas. Los registros de las Antillas Mayores demuestran endemismos notables, en tanto los del Mioceno tardío y Cuaternario de Brasil adicionan morfotipos novedosos a grupos modernos. Los grupos más desconocidos en el registro fósil siguen siendo los Atelinae y Callitrichinae, a excepción de los Alouattini entre estos últimos, bien representados en Colombia.; The systematics of the platyrrhinos has had ups and downs during the history of our knowledge of the primates. But since the end of the XX Century a general consensus has been agreed upon, thanks to advances in morphology, molecular biology and better interpretations of eological studies. Three families have been recognized: Atelidea, Cebidae and Pitheciidae with clear phylogenetic relationships in each one, although the position of Aotus remains controversial. As fundamental support for the work in systematics the fossil material must be recognized; this work has increased in recent years due to the efforts of just a few research groups. In South America there are two major geographic regions of the utmost importance because of the relative abundance and species diversity of fossil finds; these are La Venta, Colombia (middle Miocene) and the Patagonian provinces in Argentina (lower to middle Miocene). Between the two regions twenty genera of platyrrhines have been discovered (from a total of 28), whose phylogenetic relations contribute to the construction of a systematics, distinguishing a more primitive and ancient mofphological radiation in Patagonia and one more modern and Amazonian in Colombia. The most representative groups in both regions are the Cebinae and Pitheciinae with various genera that demonstrate a certain success of characters. The most ancient platyrrhines come from Bolivia (26 Million years ago) with two species of compex relationships. Fossil finds in the Greater Antilles show notable endemisms, while those of the late Miocene and Quaternary of Brazil add new morphotypes to modern groups. The least-known groups in the fossil record continue to be the Atelelinae and the Callitrichinae with the exception of the Alouattini from these last groups, well-represented in Colombia.

Revelando imágenes... Rayos X en cerámicas arqueológicas y piezas experimentales

Revelando imágenes... Rayos X en cerámicas arqueológicas y piezas experimentales Schuster, Veronica; Banegas, Anahí; Taylor, Roberto Eduardo En trabajos recientes se aplicó la técnica de rayos X en cerámicas arqueológicas de la costa e interior de Patagonia centro-septentrional para conocer cómo fueron elaboradas. Este método ha sido eficaz para identificar procesos primarios y secundarios de manufactura, particularmente, en conjuntos cerámicos que presentan un alto grado de fragmentación y erosión como el caso del área de estudio. Los primeros resultados indicaron la presencia de al menos dos técnicas constructivas diferentes: enrollamiento y modelado. Esta ultima, no había sido identificada hasta el momento en Patagonia. Con el objetivo de explorar la representación de otras técnicas de manufactura diferente a la mencionada generalmente para la región (enrollamiento), se consideraron nuevas muestras arqueológicas. Para contrastar con estas imágenes se realizó una base de referencia de piezas experimentales elaboradas a partir de diferentes técnicas de manufactura. A la presentación y discusión de los resultados alcanzados a través de esta propuesta metodológica, se incorporará además, la información obtenida de otras líneas de evidencias complementarias: análisis macroscópicos y microscópicos.; Recent works applied X-rays (RX) in archaeological ceramics from the coast and mainland of northern center Patagonia to know how they were elaborated. This method has been effective to identify primary and secondary processes of manufacture, especially, in ceramic assemblages with a high degree of fragmentation and erosion like those in the study area. The first results indicated the presence of two different manufacturing technologies: ring building and pinching; the latter, not being identified yet in Patagonia. With the aim to explore the presence of other manufacturing technologies other than the one mentioned for the region –ring building-, new archaeological samples were examined. In order to compare these images, an experimental archaeological ceramic reference sample containing different manufacturing techniques was produced. Finally, information on other complementary macroscopic and microscopic evidence is added to the discussion of our methodological approach results.

Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 4.7 fb-1 of √s = 7 TeV proton-proton collision data

Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 4.7 fb-1 of √s = 7 TeV proton-proton collision data Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdel Khalek, S.; Abdelalim, A.A.; González Silva, María Laura; Otero y Garzon, Gustavo Javier; Piegaia, Ricardo Nestor; Romeo, Gaston Leonardo; Anduaga, Xabier Sebastian; Dova, Maria Teresa; Monticelli, Fernando Gabriel; Tripiana, Martin Fernando; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhuravlov, V.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, R.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zitoun, R.; Živković, L.; Zmouchko, V. V.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Nedden, M. zur; Zutshi, V.; Zwalinski, L.; The ATLAS Collaboration A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum and no high-pT electrons or muons is presented. The data represent the complete sample recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS experiment in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, with a total integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1 . No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed. Gluino masses below 860 GeV and squark masses below 1320 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and a massless neutralino, for squark or gluino masses below 2 TeV, respectively. Squarks and gluinos with equal masses below 1410 GeV are excluded. In MSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan β = 10, A0 = 0 and µ > 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 1360 GeV. Constraints are also placed on the parameter space of SUSY models with compressed spectra. These limits considerably extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous measurements with the ATLAS detector

Search for long-lived, multi-charged particles in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Search for long-lived, multi-charged particles in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdel Khalek, S.; Abdelalim, A.A.; González Silva, María Laura; Otero y Garzon, Gustavo Javier; Piegaia, Ricardo Nestor; Romeo, Gaston Leonardo; Anduaga, Xabier Sebastian; Dova, Maria Teresa; Monticelli, Fernando Gabriel; Tripiana, Martin Fernando; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhuravlov, V.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, R.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zitoun, R.; Živković, L.; Zmouchko, V. V.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Nedden, M. zur; Zutshi, V.; Zwalinski, L.; The ATLAS Collaboration A search for highly ionising, penetrating particles with electric charges from |q| = 2e to 6e is performed using the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Proton–proton collision data taken at √s = 7 TeV during the 2011 running period, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb−1, are analysed. No signal candidates are observed, and 95% confidence level cross-section upper limits are interpreted as mass-exclusion lower limits for a simplified Drell–Yan production model. In this model, masses are excluded from 50 GeV up to 430, 480, 490, 470 and 420 GeV for charges 2e, 3e, 4e, 5e and 6e, respectively

Cultura cooperativa y gestión empresarial en la cuenca lechera cordobesa-santafecina. Argentina, fines del s. XIX a 1970

Cultura cooperativa y gestión empresarial en la cuenca lechera cordobesa-santafecina. Argentina, fines del s. XIX a 1970; Cooperative Culture and Business Management in the Dairy Region of Córdoba and Santa Fe. Argentina, from the End of the 19th Century to 1970 Olivera, Gabriela Este artículo presenta resultados de una investigación basada en fuentes primarias. Revaloriza el conocimiento de procesos históricos espacial y temporalmente particularizados. Apunta a explicar las transformaciones históricas que tenían lugar en la cuenca lechera cordobesa-santafecina en Argentina cuando se intensificaba la actividad agroindustrial bajo el liderazgo de la empresa cooperativa Sancor (Fábrica de manteca Sancor Cooperativas limitadas).; This article presents results of an investigation based on primary sources. Revalues the historical process knowledge particularized space and time. It aims to explain the historical changes taking place in Cordoba- Santa Fe dairy area in Argentina when agroindustrial activity intensified under the leadership of the cooperative enterprise Sancor (Sancor Butter Factory Co Limited).

Performance of low frequency magnetometers to non-sinusoidal magnetic fields

Performance of low frequency magnetometers to non-sinusoidal magnetic fields Cortés, C. A.; Brüggemeyer, H.; Dib, R.; Mombello, Enrique Esteban; Ratta, Giuseppe This paper presents the second part of a research work dealing with the performance assessment of commercially available magnetometers. The aim of the article is to continue a comparative study of a magnetometer set, but now using non-sinusoidal signals. Nineteen magnetometers were tested using signals with two and more frequency components; some features of the meters were investigated: fft, rms value, peak value and wave capture functions.

El primado del espacio en la fenomenología del cuerpo de Maurice Merleau-Ponty

El primado del espacio en la fenomenología del cuerpo de Maurice Merleau-Ponty Garcia, Esteban Andres Los trabajos exégeticos acerca de la filosofía de Merleau-Ponty a menudo se refieren a la centralidad que en ésta adquiere la cuestión de la temporalidad. Sin duda, lo hacen apoyándose en el mismo filósofo, quien parece subrayar explícitamente esta primacía de la cuestión del tiempo por ejemplo al afirmar en la primera parte de la Phénoménologie de la Perception que “la ambigüedad del ser-del-mundo se traduce por la del cuerpo, y ésta se comprende por la del tiempo. [...] A partir de este fenómeno central [el tiempo] las relaciones de lo ‘psíquico’ y lo ‘fisiológico’- se vuelven pensables”1 . En su exposición acerca del mundo percibido, en la segunda parte de la obra, Merleau-Ponty reiterará que "la síntesis perceptiva es para nosotros una síntesis temporal, la subjetividad [...] no es nada más que la temporalidad"2 . También afirma que "la síntesis espacial y la síntesis de objeto se fundan en este despliegue del tiempo"3 . Al finalizar la segunda parte de la obra Merleau-Ponty reitera que "si encontramos de nuevo el tiempo bajo el sujeto, si vinculamos a la paradoja del tiempo las del cuerpo, del mundo, de la cosa y del otro, comprenderemos que, más allá, nada hay por comprender"4 . Todos los problemas claves de toda su Fenomenología, según estas afirmaciones, desembocarían y se resolverían aparentemente en torno a la cuestión del tiempo. Sin embargo, nos propondremos primeramente mostrar que posiblemente el mismo filósofo no describía cabalmente en estas afirmaciones el verdadero resultado que arrojarían sus análisis acerca del tiempo y el espacio, la corporalidad y la percepción, ni su específico abordaje de la temporalidad en el capítulo expresamente dedicado al tema, puesto que estos desarrollos no nos guían hacia la conclusión de la necesaria "temporalización" del espacio o del cuerpo, sino en igual o incluso mayor medida, hacia la "espacialización" del tiempo. Observaremos en segundo lugar de qué modo este movimiento de la reflexión merleaupontyana se distancia de la intuición bergsoniana del tiempo como propiedad distintiva de la interioridad de la conciencia, así como de la concepción reticular de la temporalidad husserliana en que los momentos y las perspectivas armonizan entre sí. Por último, el análisis de la particular concepción del espacio como simultaneidad de perspectivas incomposibles desarrollada por el último Merleau-Ponty y relacionada explícitamente con la experiencia onírica e infantil nos permitirá esclarecer ciertas relaciones de cercanía y de contraste con el proyecto freudiano de una topología psíquica.

Exfoliative cytology and titanium dental implants: A pilot study

Exfoliative cytology and titanium dental implants: A pilot study Olmedo, Daniel Gustavo; Nalli, Gabriela; Verdú, Sergio; Paparella, María Luisa; Cabrini, Rómulo L. Background: Oral exfoliative cytology is a diagnostic method that involves the study of cells exfoliated from the oral mucosa. Ions/particles released from metallic implants can remain in the peri-implant milieu. The aim of the present study is to assess the presence of metal particles in cells exfoliated from peri-implant oral mucosa around titanium dental implants. Methods: The study comprised 30 patients carrying titanium dental implants, who had neither a metallic prosthesis nor metal restorations in neighboring teeth. Individuals undergoing orthodontic therapy and those who had oral piercing were also excluded from the study. The study sample included patients with and without peri-implantitis. Cytologic samples of the peri-implant area were collected. Samples of the marginal gingiva on the contralateral side of the implant were taken from the same individuals to serve as control. Cytologic analysis was performed using light microscopy. Titanium concentration was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry. Results: Metal-like particles were observed inside and outside epithelial cells and macrophages in cytologic smears of peri-implant mucosa of both patients with and without peri-implantitis. No particles were found in the control cytologic samples. The concentration of titanium was higher in the peri-implantitis group compared with the group without peri-implantitis; no traces of titanium were observed in controls. Conclusions: Regardless of an inflammatory response, ions/particles are released from the surface of the implant into the biologic milieu. Exfoliative cytology is a simple technique that may be used to detect metal particles in cells exfoliated from the peri-implant mucosa.

Evidence of structural changes of an enzymatic extract entrapped into alginate beads

Evidence of structural changes of an enzymatic extract entrapped into alginate beads Illanes, Cristian Omar; Quiroga, Evelina; Camí, Gerardo Enrique; Ochoa, Nelio Ariel In this work, we analyzed the structural changes of araujiain entrapped into alginate beads. Araujiain is an enzymatic preparation containing three known enzymatic fractions with each fraction individually presenting a similar catalytic performance. Fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and residual catalytic activity studies were carried out. A small red shift in the spectrum of araujiain was observed after the entrapment process. Changes in the polarity around the tryptophan (Trp) residues were associated with an enzyme conformational change. From the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, it was demonstrated that interactions between the enzyme extract and Ca alginate caused different structural behavior in araujiain. According to the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) study, it was possible to conclude that a secondary structure with a high α-helical character was responsible for the highest activity of entrapped araujiain. Finally, from thermal analysis measurements, it was proved that entrapment of araujiain augments the thermal stability of both the enzyme extract and Ca alginate, indicating a possible interaction between enzyme extract and its support.

Fungal and mycotoxins contamination in corn silage: Monitoring risk before and after fermentation

Fungal and mycotoxins contamination in corn silage: Monitoring risk before and after fermentation Keller, L. A. M.; Gonzalez Pereyra, Maria Laura; Keller, K. M.; Alonso, Veronica Andrea; Oliveira, A. A.; Almeida, T. X.; Barbosa, T. S.; Nunes, L. M. T.; Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé; Rosa, C. A. R. Silage is a widespread practice to preserve forage. Poor storage conditions can lead to mold contamination and mycotoxin production. The aim of this study was to establish the occurrence of toxigenic fungal species and to determine aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and deoxinivalenol (DON) in corn silage intended for bovines before and after fermentation in farms located in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro States, Brazil. Fungal counts were done by surface-spread method. Toxigenic ability of isolates was evaluated in vitro. AFs natural contamination was determined by TLC and HPLC. Total fungal counts were generally high. Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium citrinum, and Fusarium verticillioides were the prevalent species. Toxigenic strains were isolated. Aflatoxin levels differed (P < 0.0001) from 2 to 45 μg g-1 and from 2 to 100 μg g-1 in pre and post-fermentation samples, respectively. Ochratoxin A, FB1 and DON levels found in pre-fermentation samples were higher than in post-fermentation (P < 0.0001). Mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi were present before and after fermentation in corn silage intended for bovines in Brazil. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) increased during storage whereas OTA, FB1 and DON decreased. Determination of mycotoxin levels and their occurrence in corn silage are important to provide information so that the assessments of risk for animal feed and livestock environment could be made.

Diacronías en negativos de campaña: un recorrido por la historia de la arqueología argentina del NOA a través de sus fotografías de trabajo de campo entre los años 1905 y 1930

Diacronías en negativos de campaña: un recorrido por la historia de la arqueología argentina del NOA a través de sus fotografías de trabajo de campo entre los años 1905 y 1930 Saletta, María José Este artículo se propone indagar el proceso de conformación de la arqueología argentina, como disciplina así como de su objeto de estudio, mediante el análisis de su desarrollo histórico en el Noroeste argentino (en adelante NOA) entre 1905 y 1930, a partir de las fotografías que registraron el trabajo de campo de trece expediciones organizadas por el Museo Etnográfico de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. En ellas se busca rastrear si, durante el período relevado, hubo variaciones en las prácticas de los investigadores que indiquen el inicio de la aplicación de principios derivados del positivismo y del razonamiento inductivo. En trabajos previos (Saletta 2010, 2011) se presentó un análisis del total de la muestra de imágenes de trabajo de campo de las expediciones organizadas por el Museo Etnográfico durante ese mismo período. En ambos artículos se buscó rastrear la existencia de un habitus de visión disciplinar y, de existir, si éste reflejaba la objetivación del artefacto arqueológico por sobre sus relaciones contextuales. En cambio, en la presente investigación el objetivo consiste en analizar si durante los veinticinco años analizados se inició el proceso de sistematización –el disciplinamiento de la arqueología– en los métodos de trabajo de campo registrados en las fotografías y en el uso de la misma como registro “objetivo” de ese trabajo de campo.

Comparative cytogenetics in Cyclopogon (Orchidaceae)

Comparative cytogenetics in Cyclopogon (Orchidaceae) Grabiele, Mauro; Cerutti, Juan Carlos; Hojsgaard, Diego Hernan; Almada, Rubén D.; Daviña, Julio Rubén; Honfi, Ana Isabel A cytotaxonomical description of Cyclopogon (Spiranthinae, Orchidaceae) is carried out through a deep karyotype analysis of four species from NE Argentina. Distinctive karyotype parameters concerning the chromosomes number, morphology, size and symmetry and the genome size associate to each taxon. Cyclopogon calophyllus (2n = 2x =28; 18m + 10sm), C. congestus (2n = 2x = 32; 26m + 6sm), C. elatus (2n = 2x = 28; 18m + 10sm) and C. oliganthus (2n = 4x = 64; 40m + 24sm) possess symmetrical karyotypes (i-mean = 40. 01-42. 84; A1 = 0. 24-032; r>2 = 0. 06-0. 29) and excluding C. congestus (A2 = 0. 26; R = 2. 62) unimodality is the rule (A2 = 0. 12-0. 20; R = 1. 73-1. 92). Diploid taxa show a terminal macrosatellite in the m pair no. 2 (large arm) and share a comparable mean chromosome length (ca. 2. 75 μm) and genome size (ca. 40 μm), superior to the tetraploid C. oliganthus (ca. 2 and 32 μm, respectively). The novel data added to preceding cytological, morphological and molecular approaches involving Cyclopogon and those related taxa of Spiranthinae largely based on x = 23 support the hypothesis that the unusual 2n and the karyotype morphology of Cyclopogon is an evolutionary advance within Spiranthinae with a basic reduction to x = 14 or 16 by chromosome fusions. A polyploid-dysploid series added to dibasic hybridization explain the extant 2n diversity though a paleopolyploid series on x = 7-8 is also possible. © 2013 Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Wien.

El Desarrollismo y el problema agrario durante las décadas de 1950 y 1960

El Desarrollismo y el problema agrario durante las décadas de 1950 y 1960; Development Policy and Agrarian Problems during the 1950s and 1960s Lazzaro, Silvia Beatriz El propósito del artículo se orienta al estudio de la proyección de las ideas desarrollistas sobre la economía y la sociedad argentina, particularmente en el ámbito del sector agropecuario durante las décadas de 1950 y 1960: las proposiciones, las estrategias implementadas y las secuelas más significativas. El criterio a utilizar pone énfasis en la consideración de las políticas públicas, no meramente como procesos determinados por factores que operan dentro de los límites territoriales y legales del Estado, sino analizadas como componentes y dimensiones de una red global de relaciones de poder e intereses que condicionan la lógica y la racionalidad que definen las articulaciones entre el Estado y la sociedad dentro del marco internacional.; The purpose of this article is to study the projection of development ideas on the Argentinean economy and society, particularly withinthe sphere of the dynamic agricultural sector,from 1950 to 1960: the goals, the strategiesimplemented and the most significant effects.The criterion to be used emphasizes the consideration of public policies not only as processesdetermined by factors that operate within theterritorial and legal limits of the state but analyzed as components and dimensions of aglobal network of power relations and intereststhat determine the logic and rationality thatdefine the links between state and societywithin the international framework.

Updated analyses of temperature and precipitation extreme indices since the beginning of the twentieth century: the HadEX2 dataset

Updated analyses of temperature and precipitation extreme indices since the beginning of the twentieth century: the HadEX2 dataset Donat, M. G.; Alexander, L. V.; Yang, H.; Durre, I.; Vose, R.; Dunn, R. J. H.; Willet, K. M.; Aguilar, E.; Brunet, M.; Caesar, J.; Hewitson, B.; Jack, C.; Klein Tank, A. M. G.; Kruger, A. C.; Marengo, José A.; Peterson, T. C.; Renom, Madeleine; Oria Rojas, C.; Rusticucci, Matilde Monica; Salinger, J.; Elrayah, A. S.; Sekele, S. S.; Srivastava, A. K.; Trewin, B.; Villarroel, C.; Vincent, L. A.; Zhai, P.; Zhang, X.; Kitching, S. In this study, we present the collation and analysis of the gridded land-based dataset of indices of temperature and precipitation extremes: HadEX2. Indices were calculated based on station data using a consistent approach recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices, resulting in the production of 17 temperature and 12 precipitation indices derived from daily maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation observations. High-quality in situ observations from over 7000 temperature and 11,000 precipitation meteorological stations across the globe were obtained to calculate the indices over the period of record available for each station. Monthly and annual indices were then interpolated onto a 3.75° × 2.5° longitude-latitude grid over the period 1901–2010. Linear trends in the gridded fields were computed and tested for statistical significance. Overall there was very good agreement with the previous HadEX dataset during the overlapping data period. Results showed widespread significant changes in temperature extremes consistent with warming, especially for those indices derived from daily minimum temperature over the whole 110 years of record but with stronger trends in more recent decades. Seasonal results showed significant warming in all seasons but more so in the colder months. Precipitation indices also showed widespread and significant trends, but the changes were much more spatially heterogeneous compared with temperature changes. However, results indicated more areas with significant increasing trends in extreme precipitation amounts, intensity, and frequency than areas with decreasing trends.

Los hermanos sean unidos... Frontera e identidad. Misiones 1870- 1953

Los hermanos sean unidos... Frontera e identidad. Misiones 1870- 1953 Rodríguez, Lisandro Ramon La actual provincia fronteriza de Misiones —en el nordeste argentino (nea)— constituyó hasta fines del siglo xix una zona de disputa que involucró a la Argentina, Paraguay y Brasil. El objetivo de estos países consistía en ejercer algún control sobre este espacio, cuya ubicación estratégica lo convertía en un punto clave del tráfico comercial de la región. La trama de relaciones regionales está enraizada con mayor profundidad que los límites fijados por los nuevos Estados; como se demuestra en el caso de Misiones, donde la existencia de numerosos circuitos de intercambio, códigos e historias compartidas da cuenta del carácter socio- histórico de la frontera y de la construcción social del espacio. El objetivo de este ensayo histórico, es analizar el accionar del Estado argentino en los procesos de definición de las fronteras de Misiones, particularmente en la demarcación de límites con Brasil y Paraguay. El enunciado de que las fronteras interestatales “no son naturales ni esenciales”, sino producto de acuerdos históricos surgidos de relaciones de fuerza entre los Estados y su relación con las poblaciones locales, es uno de los componentes conceptuales de este estudio.

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