Comunicación para el cambio social y educación.ambiental: reflexiones para la construcción colectiva del desarrollo a partir de un estudio de caso en Salta, Argentina; Communication for social change and environmental education: thoughts for the collective construction of development from a case in Salta, Argentina Elbirt, Ana Laura En este artículo presenta reflexiones acerca de las contribuciones de la educación ambiental como espacio de formación política necesario ante los conflictos socio-ambientales actuales. Para ello se expone, con perspectiva histórica, las distintas concepciones de desarrollo, desde las nociones economicistas hasta las actuales sobre el lugar central de la participación y la construcción de ciudadanía como condición para el desarrollo local. Las reflexiones teóricas expuestas están hechas sobre la base de un estudio de caso en la capital de la provincia de Salta. Este estudio se centró en el análisis de la primera medida gubernamental de Recolección Diferenciada de los Residuos Domiciliarios en la ciudad. Se trabajó la temática de la educación ambiental , a partir de los siguientes ejes: planificación participativa en los proyectos, capital social, rol del comunicador y medios de comunicación como promotores del desarrollo.; In this article we present reflections about the contributions of environmental education as a space for political formation necessary to the current socio-environmental conflicts. So we expose historical perspective of the different conceptions of development, since economic notions to the current on the central place of participation and the construction of citizenship as a condition for local development. Theoretical reflections are made on the basis of a case study in the capital of the province of Salta. This study focused on the analysis of the first public politic for differentiated collection of the domestic waste in the city. We worked with the following subjects: participative projects planning, social capital, role of communicator and the media as promoters of development.; Cet article propose des réflexions au sujet des contributions de l éducation sur l environnement, comme un espace de formation politique qui se rend nécessaire devant les conflits socio-environnementaux de nos jours. Pour cela, on expose, avec une perspective historique, les différentes conceptions du développement, depuis les notions de l économie classique d avant jusqu á celles d aujourd hui qui versent sur la place centrale de la participation et la construction de citoyenneté, comme l'une des conditions pour le développement local. Les réflexions théoriques qui y sont exposées ont été extraites sur la base d'une étude de cas dans la capitale de la province de Salta, Argentine. Cette étude a été faite autour de l analyse de la premiére disposition gouvernementale sur le Ramassage Différencié des Résidus Domiciliaires de la ville. On a travaillé la thématique de « l éducation á l environnement », á partir des points qui suivent : planification participative dans les projets, capital social, róle du communicateur et des médias en tant que promoteurs du développement.

Vulneración de derechos y alternativas de exigibilidad en salud comunitaria; Right's infirgment and alternatives to exigibility in communitarian health Zaldua, Graciela; Longo, Roxana; Sopransi, María Belén; Lenta, María Malena Desde la Epidemiología Crítica, el proceso de salud-enfermedad-atención-cuidado es considerado como un proceso singular y colectivo que acontece en un territorio. La Psicología Crítica aporta tanto la elucidación de dimensiones participativas y dialogales, como el compromiso con la transformación de contextos socioeconómicos, ecológicos, simbólicos y subjetivos. Ambas perspectivas aportan al abordaje de la salud como un campo de confluencia e intersección de sentidos, prácticas y saberes de diferentes actores sociales en territorios particulares. Con un enfoque cualitativo y la modalidad de estudio de casos múltiple, este trabajo se propone elucidar obstáculos y facilitadores en la exigibilidad de la salud como derecho en las comunas 3 y 4 de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Entre los resultados se visibilizaron como principales obstáculos: aspectos socioeconómicos, institucionales, epistémicos y tecnocráticos. Mientras que la existencia de actores con implicación crítica y el sostén de redes sociales-comunitarias aparecieron como principales facilitadores en el acceso al derecho a la salud.; From Critical Epidemiology, health-disease-care process is considered a singular and collective process that occurs in a territory. Critical Psychology brings elucidating of participatory, dialogic and commitment dimensions to transformation of socio-economic, ecological, symbolic and subjective contexts. Both approaches contribute to addressing health as a field of convergence and intersection of meanings, practices and knowledge of different social actors in specific territories. With a qualitative approach and a multiples cases study, this paper intends to elucidate barriers and facilitators in the exigibility of health's right in Buenos Aires City, districts 3 and 4. As results it became visible socio-economic, institutional, epistemological and technocratic dimensions as obstacles; while actors with critical involvement and community social networks appeared as main facilitators in accessing to health's right.

El enfrentamiento discursivo en el proceso de autonomización sindical de los trabajadores del Subterráneo de Buenos Aires (2009-2010); Discursive confrontation in the process of union autonomy of the Buenos Aires subway workers (2009‐2010) Artese, Matias Cosme; Castro Rubel, Jorge Daniel Luego de varios años de mantener una tensa relación con la dirección del sindicato que los representaba, la Unión Tranviarios Automotor (UTA), los trabajadores del Subterráneo de Buenos Aires decidieron en febrero de 2009 escindirse del mismo y conformar la Asociación Gremial de Trabajadores del Subterráneo y el Premetro (AGTSyP). A partir de allí, los trabajadores de este sector iniciaron un proceso de luchas -que los enfrentó principalmente con la UTA, el Estado nacional y la empresa concesionaria del servicio de Subtes- en la dirección de obtener el reconocimiento de su nuevo sindicato. En este artículo nos proponemos explorar el proceso de luchas a través del plano discursivo. El conflicto fue rastreado a lo largo de una periodización que atraviesa los años 2009 y 2010. Tomando como soporte el diario La Nación, construimos una base de declaraciones contenciosas que nos permitió analizar las personificaciones involucradas, sus destinatarios y sus objetivos.; After several years of maintaining a tense relationship with the leadership of the union that represented the Unión Tranviarios Automotor (UTA), workers in the Buenos Aires Underground in February 2009 decided to secede from it and form Asociación Gremial de Trabajadores del Subterráneo y el Premetro (AGTSyP). From there, workers in this sector began a process of struggle -that confronted primarily with UTA, the national state and the concessionaire-Subway service in the direction of obtaining recognition of their new union. In this article we propose to explore this process of struggle through the discursive level. The conflict was tracked over a periodization that spans the years 2009 and 2010. Taking as support the daily La Nación, we build a base of contentious statements which allowed us to analyze the personifications envolved, their recipients and the sense of their actions.

Endoparasitic infections in dogs from rural areas in the Lobos District, Buenos Aires province, Argentina Dopchiz, Marcela Cecilia; Lavallén, Carla Mariela; Bongiovanni, Roberto Antonio; Gonzalez, Patricia Verónica; Elissondo, María Celina; Yannarella, Francisco; Denegri, Guillermo Maria Dogs are definite hosts for several zoonotic helminthes and protozoan. Rural areas from the Lobos District in the northeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, are mainly used for livestock activity, increasing in this way the number of dogs on farms as well as the human risk of parasitic infections. The aims of this research were to evaluate the endoparasitic infections in dogs from farms in the Lobos District and analyze their zoonotic importance as well as several risk practices and habits of the rural population. Forty-two dog fecal samples obtained in 21 farms were analyzed through coproparasitological methods and coproantigen tests, which resulted in an overall parasite prevalence of 69.05% and 80.95% of the parasitized farms. The most frequent parasites were Trichuris vulpis and Eucoleus aerophila (26.19%), Echinococcus granulosus (19.05%), Uncinaria stenocephala and coccids (14.29%). The analysis of epidemiological files showed several habits of the rural population considered as risk factors associated with the presence of fecal samples parasitized and the presence of E. granulosus on the farms. It is clear that people involved with the farms studied were exposed to several helminthes that could cause serious diseases like cystic echinococcosis, which can become an important public health issue and affect the economy worldwide; Os cães são hospedeiros definitivos de vários helmintos e protozoários zoonóticos. As áreas rurais do distrito de Lobos, no nordeste da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, destinam-se principalmente à atividade pecuária aumentando desta forma o número de cães em fazendas, bem como o risco humano de infecções parasitárias. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar as infecções endoparasitas em cães de fazendas do distrito de Lobos e analisar a sua importância zoonótica, bem como as práticas de risco e hábitos da população rural. Quarenta e duas amostras de fezes de cães obtidos em 21 fazendas foram analisadas pelos métodos coproparasitológicos e testes de coproantígenos, resultando numa prevalência de parasitas de 69,05% e 80,95% das propriedades parasitados. Os parasitas mais frequentes foram Trichuris vulpis e Eucoleus aerophila (26,19%), Echinococcus granulosus (19,05%), Uncinaria stenocephala e coccídeos (14,29%). A análise dos arquivos epidemiológicos mostraram vários hábitos da população rural como fatores de risco associados com a presença de amostras fecais parasitadas e a presença de E. granulosus em propriedades rurais. É evidente que as pessoas das fazendas estudadas foram expostas a vários helmintos que podem causar doenças graves como equinococose cística, que constitui importante problema de saúde pública e econômico a nível mundial.

The role of ad-atoms in the coalescence of alkanethiol-passivated gold nanoparticles Gutierrez Wing, C.; Olmos Asar, Jimena Anahí; Esparza, R.; Mariscal, Marcelo; Yacaman, M. J. In the present work we show how the role of ad-atoms and surface imperfections play a key role during the coalescence of thiol-passivated Au nanoparticles (NPs) below 4 nm in diameter. Using spherical aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with ultra-high resolution and computer simulations we reveal the main structural and energetic changes throughout the diffusion/migration of surface atoms during coalescence of monolayer-protected NPs. The sintering process of nanoparticles with similar size (diameter) follows a neck-formation mechanism. However, in the case of thiol-protected Au NPs with different size (i.e. with dissimilar surface curvature) the Ostwald ripening mechanism has been detected with atomic resolution in situ STEM measurements for the first time. In particular we have observed how the larger particles grow in size at the expense of the smaller ones, until the latter completely disappear. The experimental findings have been supported with the aid of state-of-the-art computer simulations.

Photoreduction of aliphatic and aromatic thioketals: new access to the reduction of carbonyl groups by a desulfurization chain process Oksdath Mansilla, Gabriela; Argüello, Juan Elias; Peñeñory, Alicia Beatriz Aromatic and aliphatic ketones can be converted to methylene groups by desulfurization of the corresponding dithioketals in moderate to good yields. The reaction proceeds by photoinduced electron transfer from tert-BuOK in the presence of 1,4-dicyclohexadiene as hydrogen atom donor. The diene is able to trigger and keep a chain process by hydrogen transfer–proton transfer reactions.

Dwarf galaxies and the cosmic web Benítez Llambay, Alejandro; Navarro, Julio F.; Abadi, Mario Gabriel; Gottlöber, Stefan; Yepes, Gustavo; Hoffman, Yehuda; Steinmetz, Matthias We use a cosmological simulation of the formation of the Local Group of Galaxies to identify a mechanism that enables the removal of baryons from low-mass halos without appealing to feedback or reionization. As the Local Group forms, matter bound to it develops a network of filaments and pancakes. This moving web of gas and dark matter drifts and sweeps a large volume, overtaking many halos in the process. The dark matter content of these halos is unaffected but their gas can be efficiently removed by ram pressure. The loss of gas is especially pronounced in low-mass halos due to their lower binding energy and has a dramatic effect on the star formation history of affected systems. This "cosmic web stripping" may help to explain the scarcity of dwarf galaxies compared with the numerous low-mass halos expected in ΛCDM and the large diversity of star formation histories and morphologies characteristic of faint galaxies. Although our results are based on a single high-resolution simulation, it is likely that the hydrodynamical interaction of dwarf galaxies with the cosmic web is a crucial ingredient so far missing from galaxy formation models.

Integrating mitochondrial energetics, Redox and ROS metabolic networks: a two-compartment model Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa; Aon, Miguel A.; Winslow, Raimond L.; O'Rourke, Brian; Cortassa, Sonia del Carmen To understand the mechanisms involved in the control and regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, a two-compartment computational mitochondrial energetic-redox (ME-R) model accounting for energetic, redox, and ROS metabolisms is presented. The ME-R model incorporates four main redox couples (NADH/NAD+, NADPH/NADP+, GSH/GSSG, Trx(SH)2/TrxSS). Scavenging systems—glutathione, thioredoxin, superoxide dismutase, catalase—are distributed in mitochondrial matrix and extra-matrix compartments, and transport between compartments of ROS species (superoxide: O2⋅−, hydrogen peroxide: H2O2), and GSH is also taken into account. Model simulations are compared with experimental data obtained from isolated heart mitochondria. The ME-R model is able to simulate: i), the shape and order of magnitude of H2O2 emission and dose-response kinetics observed after treatment with inhibitors of the GSH or Trx scavenging systems and ii), steady and transient behavior of ΔΨm and NADH after single or repetitive pulses of substrate- or uncoupler-elicited energetic-redox transitions. The dynamics of the redox environment in both compartments is analyzed with the model following substrate addition. The ME-R model represents a useful computational tool for exploring ROS dynamics, the role of compartmentation in the modulation of the redox environment, and how redox regulation participates in the control of mitochondrial function.

Supramolecular complexes of maltodextrin and furosemide polymorphs: a new approach for delivery systems Garnero, Claudia; Chattah, Ana Karina; Longhi, Marcela Raquel We present new supramolecular complexes of two different solid forms of furosemide (I or II) with maltodextrin, in order to explore their application as delivery systems improving the bioavailability of the drug. The complexation in solution was evaluated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and phase solubility studies. The products in solid state were exhaustively characterized by using spectroscopic techniques (13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry) and thermal analysis. 1H relaxation times experiments gave further support in distinguishing the new solid forms. Dissolution studies in simulated gastric fluid showed that both supramolecular complexes presented significant increase in the dissolution, while the corresponding physical mixtures exhibited the most discriminating conditions between the furosemide forms I and II. Our results suggest the enhancement of the solubility and the dissolution of furosemide in the new complexes, making them promising candidates for the preparation of alternative matrices in oral pharmaceutical formulations.

The corn influence on the adsorption levels of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone by yeast cell wall Pereyra, Carina Maricel; Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé; Chiacchiera, Stella Maris; Dalcero, Ana Maria Aims: To in vitro evaluate the influence of the corn on the adsorption levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) by yeast cell walls (YCWs). Methods and Results: Two commercial YCWs were studied. The YCWs contain different percentages of polysaccharides. YCW1 and 2 contain 5·9 and 21% of mannans and 17·4 and 23% of β-glucans, respectively. Each YCW was resuspended in pH 2 and pH 6 buffer solutions. Corn was used to study the matrix influence. An aliquot of 500 μl YCW suspension was added to each microtube containing 500 μl of 0·1, 0·25, 0·5, 1, 2·5 and 5 μg ml−1 AFB1 or 0·5, 5, 10, 20 and 50 μg ml−1 ZEA. Microtubes were kept with mechanical agitation at 37°C for 30 min and then centrifuged for 10 min at 16 873 g and; the supernatants were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The amount of bound toxin was plotted as a function of the amount of added toxin according to mathematical expressions proposed by three theoretical models. Both YCWs were capable of adsorbing AFB1 and ZEA in amounts from 0·061 to 0·40 and from 0·10 and 0·26 g g−1, respectively. In the presence of the matrix, both adsorbents were not able to adsorb AFB1. However, they could adsorb ZEA at levels from 0·03 to 0·23 g g−1. Conclusions: Both YCWs adsorbed ZEA in the presence of corn and also under simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions. These results suggest that the studied YCWs are potential candidates for ZEA adsorption. Significance and Impact of the Study: Several in vitro assays have informed the ability of different substrates including yeast walls to adsorb AFB1 and ZEA; none of them have evaluated their ability to adsorb AFB1 and ZEA in the presence of the corn. The corn matrix can influence the adsorption phenomena of these mycotoxins.

Reflexiones sobre las contribuciones de la observación participante para una Sociología de los cuerpos y las emociones; Reflection about contributions of the participant observation for sociology of body and emotions Vergara, Gabriela del Valle En el marco del proyecto de investigación de beca posdoctoral CONICET (2013-2015), titulado “El trabajo y la soportabilidad entre los desechos. Tramas corporales, percepciones y emociones de recuperadores de residuos en rellenos sanitarios de Rafaela (Santa Fe) y Villa María (Córdoba), en la actualidad”, el artículo recupera las características de la observación participante desde la Antropología y la Sociología. A partir de las consideraciones de Erving Goffman y un primer análisis de registros etnográficos se reflexiona acerca de los aportes de la técnica en relación con una Sociología de los cuerpos y las emociones.; Under the research project CONICET post doctoral fellowship program (2013-2015), entitled "Work and supportability among the rubble. Body frames, perceptions and emotions of waste collectors in landfills in Rafaela (Santa Fe) and Villa Maria (Cordoba), at present", the article traces the characteristics of participant observation from Anthropology and Sociology. From considerations of Erving Goffman and ethnographic records first analysis reflects on the contributions of the technique in relation to a sociology of the body and emotions.

Four models and a challenge: past, present, and future of translator training programs in Argentina Arrizabalaga, Maria Ines Argentina has a long-standing tradition in translation training. This article has two purposes. On the one hand, it seeks to describe four translation training models prevailing in Argentinean universities, especially at Comahue, Córdoba and La Plata universities. The application of such models will be discussed in relation to the foreign-language training of students prior to and throughout undergraduate education. On the other hand, I will present a translation training model with a view to develop research skills in students, which might foster undergraduate education in research. The urgency to build up a research competence in students is backed up by the fact that Translation Studies is at present a vacant research area in the country.

Novel enzyme-polymer conjugates for biotechnological applications Romero, Oscar Eduardo; Rivero, Cintia Wanda; Guisán, José M.; Palomo, José M. In the present research, a rapid, simple and efficient chemoselective method for the site-directed incorporation of tailor-made polymers into protein to create biocatalysts with excellent properties for pharmaceutical industrial purpose has been performed. First we focused on the protein engineering of the Geobacillus thermocatenulatus lipase 2 (BTL2) to replace the two cysteines (Cys65, Cys296) in the wild type enzyme (BTL-WT) by two serines. Then, by similar mode, a unique cysteine was introduced in the lid area of the protein. For the site-directed polymer incorporation, a set of different tailor-made thiol-ionic-polymers were synthesized and the protein cysteine was previously activated with 2,2-dithiodipyridine (2-PDS) to allow the disulfide exchange. The protected BTL variants were specifically modified with the different polymers in excellent yields, creating a small library of new biocatalysts. Different and important changes in the catalytic properties, possible caused by structural changes in the lid region, were observed. The different modified biocatalysts were tested in the synthesis of intermediates of antiviral and antitumor drugs, like nucleoside analogues and derivatives of phenylglutaric acid. In the hydrolysis of per-acetylated thymidine, the best biocatalyst was the BTL*-193-DextCOOH , where the activity was increased in 3-fold and the regioselectivity was improved, reaching a yield of 92% of 3’-O-acetyl-thymidine. In the case of the asymmetric hydrolysis of dimethyl phenylglutarate, the best result was found with BTL*-193-DextNH2-6000, where the enzyme activity was increased more than 5-fold and the enantiomeric excess was >99%.

Las lógicas privadas de la expansión: loteos de barrios parque en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. 1910-1950; The private dynamics of the expansion: garden suburb allotments in Buenos Aires`s Metropolitan Area, between 1910 and 1950 Gomez Pintus, Ana Helena Entre las décadas de 1910 y 1950 se asistió –en lo que se llamaría posteriormente el Gran Buenos Aires (GBA)– al crecimiento de un tipo particular de suburbio asociado a la residencia de verano o fin de semana y que a lo largo del período contribuiría a consolidar formas particulares de la expansión. Con la perspectiva más amplia de conocer los procesos (y por ende, los actores) que estuvieron por detrás de este tipo de crecimiento suburbano, en este artículo, trataremos de suministrar algunos elementos para comprender la participación que los agentes productores privados han tenido en los procesos de producción del suelo. Sobre el corpus de casos seleccionados para el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires se verificó a lo largo del período una actuación creciente de particulares, que operaron, fundamentalmente a fines del período, a través de pequeñas subdivisiones o de la compra-venta de lotes, junto a la acción de inmobiliarias medianas (que produjeron loteos en conjunción con los dueños de las tierras). Las operaciones generadas por este último grupo a través de los loteos y remates de tierras constituyeron el dato singular de la expansión en el GBA.; After Between 1910 and 1950, Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area witnessed the growth of a particular kind of suburb (gathering summer residences and week-end housing) that would show to be determinant for the settling of a particular type of expansion. In order to show the process, along with the actors, implied in this type of expansion, in this paper we present some ideas that could help us understand the role of the private agents working in land production's process. From the case analysis, first results show the growing participation of particular owners dividing, buying and selling land in small proportions, along with landowners in association with real state agents. The operations undertaken by this group: land auctions and subdivisions resulted in the idiosyncrasy of Buenos Aires´ sprawl.

Serum albumin level during intestinal exfoliative rejection: a potential predictor of graft recovery and patient outcome Zambernardi König, María Agustina; Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo; Cabanne, Ana; Martínez, María Inés; Solar, Héctor; Rumbo, Martín; Rumbo, Carolina Exfoliative rejection is a severe complication after intestinal transplant. The assessment of mucosa histology is restricted to the area reached by endoscopy. We aim to evaluate the serum albumin (SA) value as a parameter of graft damage and clinical prognosis in intestinal exfoliative rejection (ExR). The present study is a retrospective analysis of 11 episodes of ExR occurred in a cohort of 26 patients. SA levels were measured 24 h after diagnosis and twice a week thereafter and then correlated with parameters of clinical and graft histological recovery (HR). During ExR, all patients had very low SA levels, reaching a minimum average of 1.9 0.3 g/dL. According to the value of albumin levels at ExR diagnosis, the patients were grouped finding a correlation with their clinical evolution. Six ExR episodes presented with severe hipoalbuminemia (<2.2 g/dL; p < 0.05) that correlated with worse patient and graft outcome, ranging from graft loss and need for retransplantation to delayed clinical and HR. SA at ExR diagnosis may be an indicator of the severity of the ExR process, and it could also be used as an early predictor of patient and graft outcome.

Electroanalysis using modified hierarchical nanoporous carbon materials Coneo Rodriguez, Rusbel; Baena Moncada, Angélica María; Acevedo, Diego Fernando; Planes, Gabriel Angel; Miras, Maria Cristina; Barbero, César Alfredo The role of the electrode nanoporosity in electroanalytical processes is discussed and specific phenomena (slow double layer charging, local pH effects) which can be present in porous electrode are described. Hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) materials are synthesized using a hard template method. The three dimensional carbon porosity is examined using scanning electron microscopy on flat surfaces cut using a focused ion beam (FIB-SEM). The electrochemical properties of the HPC are measured using cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance, chronoamperometry and Probe Beam Deflection (PBD) techniques. Chronoamperometry measurements of HPC seems to fit a transmission line model. PBD data show evidence of local pH changes inside the pores, during double layer charging. The HPC are modified by in situ (chemical or electrochemical) formation of metal (Pt/Ru) or metal oxide (CoOx, Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Additionally, HPC loaded with Pt decorated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles is produced by galvanic displacement. The modified HPC materials are used for the electroanalysis of different substances (CO, O2, AsO3 3). The role of the nanoporous carbon substrate in the electroanalytical data is evaluated.

Construcción de un corpus de artículos de semidivulgación: aspectos teóricos y metodológicos; Building a corpus of semi-popularization articles: theoretical and methodological aspects Muñoz, Verónica Lilian La lingüística de corpus es una metodología de investigación que ha ganado protagonismo en el área de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras. Este marco metodológico permite el estudio empírico de grandes bases de datos lingüísticos fundados en el uso real de la lengua, y la cuantificación del uso de la lengua utilizando métodos estadísticos. En este trabajo se introducen aspectos básicos de la lingüística de corpus como metodología de investigación, se describen lineamientos para la construcción de un corpus y se presentan los pasos seguidos para la compilación de un corpus especializado (Corpus of English Popularization Articles in Agriculture - CEPAA). El corpus fue construido para responder a las necesidades de un curso de lectura en inglés destinado a alumnos de Ingeniería Agronómica de la UNRC. La construcción del CEPAA se sustentó en los criterios de diseño y compilación especificados por la lingüística de corpus. Dichos criterios son representatividad, balance, diversidad de fuentes de publicación, disponibilidad de textos en formato electrónico, período, tamaño, uso de textos completos, variedad de escritores, y dialecto. El CEPAA es representativo de un género (artículos de semi-divulgación), un registro (científico), una disciplina (ciencias agrarias), un tema específico (producción de granos), y un idioma (inglés). Los artículos fueron recolectados de las ediciones correspondientes a los períodos 2008 y 2009 de doce revistas de divulgación publicadas online por once universidades de los Estados Unidos. Se recolectaron 700 artículos de diferentes extensiones, sumando un total de 455.366 palabras. El corpus representa una totalidad de 292 escritores.; Corpus linguistics has gained impetus as a research methodology in the area of foreign language teaching. This approach involves the empirical study of large linguistic databases based on real language, as well as the quantification of language use using statistical procedures. The purpose of this paper is to introduce basic aspects underlying corpus linguistics as an approach to language research, to describe the criteria used for corpus construction, and to describe the procedures followed to build a specialized corpus (Corpus of English Popularization Articles in Agriculture - CEPAA). This corpus was built in the context of an English reading course addressed to agriculture students at UNRC. The compilation of the CEPAA was based on the design criteria specified by corpus linguistics. The criteria are representativeness, balance, diversity of publication sources, availability of texts in electronic form, period, size, use of complete texts, variety of writers, and dialect. The CEPAA is representative of a genre (semi-popularization articles), a register (science), a discipline (agriculture), a specific domain (corn production), and a language (English). The articles were collected from the 2008-2009 issues of twelve popularization magazines published online by eleven American universities. A total number of 700 full texts of different lengths were assembled from the twelve publications, totaling 455,366 words. The corpus represents 292 writers.

Pendulous Usnea species (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in tropical South America and the Galapagos Truong, Camille; Rodriguez, Juan Manuel; Clerc, Philippe The diversity of pendulous Usnea species in tropical South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela) and the Galapagos Islands is discussed with reference to 23 species. Usnea crenulata Truong & Clerc is newly described. Usnea articulata, U. deformis, U. dimorpha, U. geissleriana, U. merrillii, U. perhispidella, U. sanctaeritae, U. subflammea and U. transitoria are newly reported for South America. Modern descriptions are provided for Usnea amabilis, U. arthroclada, U. dodgei, U. humboldtii and U. regia. We propose to reject the synonymy of U. hesperina with U. schadenbergiana, and the valid name for U. hesperina is therefore U. subgracilis. Distinct patterns of unidentified triterpenoids have been detected by thin-layer chromatography and are used to characterize several species within this group. The morphology, branch anatomy, chemistry, ecology and distribution of each species are given, together with an identification key.

Una aproximación a la relación militarismo-sociedad en Israel y sus transformaciones a partir de 1967 Goldstein, Ariel Alejandro El propósito del siguiente trabajo es el de lograr una aproximación para comprender la relación que se ha tramado históricamente entre la sociedad israelí y lo que podríamos denominar como la constitución de un ethos militarista, el cual se define desde la posición predominante que ocupa la Haganá como fuerza defensiva cívico-militar desde los años 30/40 en el sionismo palestino, la constitución de las IDF con la fundación del Estado israelí en 1948, y la posición hegemónica que estas últimas asumen de forma definida como resultado de las transformaciones que se cristalizan a partir de la Guerra de 1967. Finalmente, reflexionaremos respecto de las problemáticas en las que indagan algunos trabajos respecto de los cambios recientes en la relación militarismo-sociedad en Israel, así como en relación a los efectos que se producen a partir de la centralidad que ocupan las IDF en esta sociedad.

Engineered human Tmpk fused with truncated cell-surface markers: versatile cell-fate control safety cassettes Scaife, Matthew; Pacienza, Natalia Alejandra; Au, B. C. Y.; Wang, J. C. M.; Devine, S.; Scheid, E.; Lee, C. J.; Lopez Perez, O.; Neschadim, A.; Fowler, D. H.; Foley, R.; Medin, J. A. Cell-fate control gene therapy (CFCGT)-based strategies can augment existing gene therapy and cell transplantation approaches by providing a safety element in the event of deleterious outcomes. Previously, we described a novel enzyme/prodrug combination for CFCGT. Here, we present results employing novel lentiviral constructs harboring sequences for truncated surface molecules (CD19 or low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor) directly fused to that CFCGT cDNA (TmpkF105Y). This confers an enforced one-to-one correlation between cell marking and eradication functions. In-vitro analysis demonstrated the full functionality of the fusion product. Next, low-dose 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) administration to non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice injected with transduced clonal K562 cells suppressed tumor growth; furthermore, one integrated vector on average was sufficient to mediate cytotoxicity. Further, in a murine xenogeneic leukemia-lymphoma model we also demonstrated in-vivo control over transduced Raji cells. Finally, in a proof-of-principle study to examine the utility of this cassette in combination with a therapeutic cDNA, we integrated this novel CFCGT fusion construct into a lentivector designed for treatment of Fabry disease. Transduction with this vector restored enzyme activity in Fabry cells and retained AZT sensitivity. In addition, human Fabry patient CD34(+) cells showed high transduction efficiencies and retained normal colony-generating capacity when compared with the non-transduced controls. These collective results demonstrated that this novel and broadly applicable fusion system may enhance general safety in gene- and cell-based therapies.