Holomorphic functions and polynomial ideals on Banach spaces Carando, Daniel Germán; Dimant, Veronica Isabel; Muro, Luis Santiago Miguel Given A a multiplicative sequence of polynomial ideals, we consider the associated algebra of holomorphic functions of bounded type, HbA(E). We prove that, under very natural conditions satisfied by many usual classes of polynomials, the spectrum MbA(E) of this algebra “behaves” like the classical case of Mb(E) (the spectrum of Hb(E), the algebra of bounded type holomorphic functions). More precisely, we prove that MbA(E) can be endowed with a structure of Riemann domain over E and that the extension of each f ∈ HbA(E) to the spectrum is an A-holomorphic function of bounded type in each connected component. We also prove a Banach-Stone type theorem for these algebras.

Comparison of marine and river water humic substances in a Patagonian environment (Argentina) Scapini, Maria del Carmen; Conzonno, Victor Hugo; Balzaretti, Vilma Teresa; Fernandez Cirelli, Alicia Structural aspects of humic substances (HSs) in marine waters of Engaño Bay (Atlantic Ocean) and water from the Chubut River (Patagonia, Argentina) were compared. The HSs were isolated, purified, and analyzed using a multiple-method approach for structural characterization: elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (13C and 1H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible absorption and fluorescence. Similarities between the marine and freshwater components were evaluated on the basis of N and O contents, H/C and C/N atomic ratios, infrared bands from nitrogen-containing and carboxylic groups, percentage of functional groups obtained from NMR spectra, spectral slope coefficient of absorption spectra, absorbance ratios at 250 and 365 nm (E2/E3), aromaticity, excitation–emission matrices and fluorescence quantum yield. Both the Engaño Bay and Chubut River waters have HSs that are mainly composed of fulvic acids (FAs); although they are very similar, they may be distinguished from one another. Similarities include the predominance of aliphatic carbon content (low aromatic content); however, the water bodies differed in their content of proteins and carboxylic acids. The Engaño Bay FAs have mainly an aquatic origin; although the Chubut River FAs suggest a similar aquagenic origin, there is also evidence of contributions from pedogenic FAs.

Perspectiva bioenergética de los residuos sólidos urbanos en el Valle de Lerma Manrique, Silvina Magdalena; Franco, Ada Judith; Núñez, Virgilio; Seghezzo, Lucas Los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU), que tradicionalmente se han depositado a cielo abierto en el Valle de Lerma (Salta), podrían comenzar a ser dispuestos en un relleno sanitario regional en función de un proyecto provincial existente. El mencionado proyecto no incluye el aprovechamiento de la energía contenida en los RSU. En este trabajo se consideraron como recursos bioenergéticos potenciales. Dos clases de estimaciones fueron realizadas a partir de diferentes metodologías: a) poder calorífico de los RSU y potencial producción de electricidad y b) potencial biogás a obtenerse y potencial generación eléctrica. El aprovechamiento del potencial energético de estos residuos, sumado a los beneficios por mitigación de gases efecto invernadero, y demás aspectos ambientales, sin duda contribuirán a una mejor calidad de vida para la población del Valle.; The municipal solid waste (MSW), traditionally they have been deposited to opened sky in Lerma's Valley (Salta). Because a current provincial proyect, the MSW might begin to deposite in a sanitary regional landfill. The mentioned project does not include the MSW energy utilization. In this work they were considered to be energetic potential resources. Two classes of estimations were realized from different methodologies: a) heating power of the RSU and potential production of electricity and b) potential biogas to be obtaining and electrical generation. The utilization of the energetic potential of these residues, added to the benefits for gas mitigation greenhouse effect, and other environmental aspects, undoubtedly they will contribute to a better quality of life to the population of the Valley.

Bioenergía en el Valle de Lerma: evaluación de sustentabilidad de alternativas Manrique, Silvina Magdalena; Franco, Ada Judith; Núñez, Virgilio; Seghezzo, Lucas Estudios previos en el Valle de Lerma (Salta) han identificado diferentes sistemas bioenergéticos que podrían ser implementados en la zona. Estos sistemas son altamente complejos: incluyen diferentes etapas (desde su producción a su aplicación), sectores involucrados, disciplinas, recursos, entre otros. A su vez, estos sistemas están embebidos en un entramado social, territorial, y un contexto ambiental determinado. La complejidad resultante y el “nivel” de sustentabilidad de cada sistema deben ser estudiados, por tanto, desde una perspectiva integradora y de múltiples criterios. Los objetivos del presente estudio son: detectar, mediante la opinión de múltiples actores internacionales, los aspectos más importantes en la evaluación de la sustentabilidad de los sistemas bioenergéticos, y aplicar estos criterios en la realización de una Evaluación multi-criterio (EMC) de sistemas bioenergéticos del Valle. La metodología desarrollada se constituye en una herramienta práctica que permitirá una valoración global rápida y completa de sistemas bioenergéticos.; Previous studies in the Lerma Valley (Salta) have identified different bioenergy systems that might be implemented in the region. These systems are complex, since they include different stages, sectors, disciplines, and resources. These systems are also embedded in a specific social, territorial, and environmental context. The resulting complexity and the degree of sustainability of each system must be studied from an integral perspective using multiple criteria. The aims of this study are: i) to detect the most important aspects for the assessment of the sustainability of the bioenergy systems; ii) to apply these criteria in the multiple criteria assessment (MCA) of bioenergy systems of the Valley. Multiple international actors have been consulted through expert opinion polls. The methodology used can be a practical tool for a quick and complete assessment of a number of alternative bioenergy systems in the Lerma Valley and similar places in the region.

Pisces, Anegada Bay protected area, Buenos Aires province, Argentina Llompart, Facundo Manuel; Molina, Juan Manuel; Lopez Cazorla, Andrea Cecilia; Baigun, Claudio Rafael M.; Colautti, Dario Cesar We provide the first list of marine fish from Anegada Bay, a coastal protected area in Buenos Aires Province. Fish records were obtained from gillnets and recreational fishery captures. Thirty seven species belonging to 29 families and 18 orders were identified. The most numerous order was Perciformes with eight families and 10 species. Odontesthes argentinensis, Micropogonias furnieri, Cynoscion guatucupa and Mustelus schmitti were verified in all sampling sites and the last two were the most represented either in the experimental fishing and recreational captures. Presence of Lagocephalus laevigatus extended the so far known range distribution of this fish species, representing the southernmost records in Argentinean coastal waters. The fish fauna composition from Anegada Bay could be considered as from a transitional zone.

A dimensão econômica da teoria política aristotélica; Economical dimension of aristotle's political theory Rossi, Miguel Ángel; Tierno, Patricio O objetivo do artigo é enfatizar o lugar que ocupa a economia na cosmovisão política de Aristóteles, assumindo o pressuposto segundo o qual o filósofo considera a economia como uma dimensão central da mesma forma que uma condição de possibilidade para pensar a comunidade política. Nesse sentido, percorre-se três aspectos de tal problemática. O primeiro aspecto, o mais visível, cujo descobrimento é mérito da hermenêutica arendtiana, é aquele que diz respeito especificamente ao problema da crematística como desconstrução do objeto da política, considerada como vida comunitária ligada ao bom viver. O segundo aspecto é o que conduz o filósofo a vincular, pela primeira vez na história do Ocidente, os regimes políticos à estrutura social da polis. O terceiro aspecto consiste em realizar uma leitura dos regimes políticos na chave econômica, aspecto central das profundas críticas de Aristóteles à oligarquia. Desse modo, deixa-se explícita outra das hipóteses que se sustenta no texto: a de que as reflexões de Aristóteles se concentram na noção de esfera pública e, por isso, privilegiam teoricamente a aristocracia, a politeia e, inclusive, a democracia.; The objetive of the article is to emphasize the place of economics in the political cosmovision of Aristotle under the assumption of economics as a central dimension and a prerequisite of the philosopher's thinking about political community. In that sense, it covers three aspects of that problematic. The firs aspect, the most visible one, which discovery is merit of Arendtian hermeneutics, attends specifically to the problem of bad chrematistic as a deconstruction of the politics's object, in so far as communitarian life is related to the good life. The second aspect allows the philosopher to relate, for the first time in Western history, the political regimes to the social structure of the polis. The third aspect implies a vision of political regimes in economic terms and is the core of Aristotle's profound criticism of oligarchy. In that way, it makes explicit another assumptiom of this paper: that Aristotle's reflections are concentrated on the notion of public sphere and, for that reason, they privilege theoretically aristocracy, politeia, and even democracy.

Indicios arcaicos en la Colección Doncellas, Jujuy (República argentina): El «Yacimiento*» 26 a la luz de un fechado radiocarbónico (4811±39 AP); Vestiges archaïques de la Collection Doncellas, Jujuy (République argentine): «Le site» 26 à la lumière d´une datation au carbon 14 (4811±39 AP); Archaic remains in the Doncellas Collection, Jujuy (Argentina): «Site» 26 in light of carbon dating (4811±39 BP) Perez, Cecilia Beatriz En el presente trabajo se considera a la cestería, en sentido amplio, como una técnica textil que pone en relación dos o más elementos (trama y urdimbre) vegetales flexibles no hilados. Se analizan los materiales cesteros provenientes del enterratorio n.° 26 del sitio Doncellas, en la provincia de Jujuy, República argentina, adscrito a momentos tardíos de la ocupación prehispánica del noroeste argentino. Los resultados del estudio de la muestra completa de artefactos cesteros provenientes de todo el sitio indican una gran uniformidad técnico-morfológica en los mismos. La única excepción la constituye el enterratorio 26 en el que se dan artefactos cesteros de formas y técnicas que no aparecen en los demás conjuntos fúnebres. Un fechado radiocarbónico realizado sobre uno de ellos ubica este conjunto en el Período Arcaico Tardío, varios miles de años antes de lo esperado para la denominada cultura Doncellas, definida a partir de esta Colección.; La vannerie est considérée comme une technique textile dont les éléments végétaux flexibles, non soumis à une procédure de tissage, sont reliés entre eux et créent des surfaces planes. Cet article analyse la vannerie de la tombe 26 du site Doncellas, province de Jujuy (République Argentine). Ce site correspond à l´époque récente de l´occupation préhispanique du nord-ouest argentin. Les résultats de l´étude réalisée sur la vannerie provenant du site indiquent qu´il s´agit d´un ensemble tout à fait homogène en ce qui concerne les formes et les techniques appliquées. Mais la tombe 26 constitue une exception. À la lumière de la datation absolue on peut dire qu´il s´agit d´un ensemble qui correspond à la période Archaïque récente, plusieurs milliers d´années avant l´apparition de la culture Doncellas, définie à partir de cette Collection.; In this text, basketry is considered in its broadest sense as a textile technique that relates two unspun flexible vegetal elements (weft and warp). We analyse two basketry objects found in burial site no. 26 of the Doncellas site, in the province of Jujuy, Argentina. These were dated as late in the pre-hispanic occupation of north-east Argentina. The results of the analysis of all of the samples of wickerwork taken from the entire site indicate uniformity in forms and techniques. The only exception to this is burial site 26, in which are found basketry artifacts of forms and techniques not found in the other funeral ensembles. A carbon dating on one of these placed the assemblage in site 26 in the Late Archaic Period, many thousands of years before that expected for the «Doncellas Culture», defined on the basis on this collection.

A gynandromorph of Xylocopa nigrocincta Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae); Un ginandromorfo de Xylocopa nigrocincta Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Lucia, Mariano; Abrahamovich, Alberto Horacio; Alvarez, Leopoldo Jesús We describe a mixed gynandromorph of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) nigrocincta from a single specimen from Argentina. The specimen presents bilateral asymmetry, with the right half of its head displaying male characters and the left half displaying female characters; the mesosoma presents male characters mostly in the right half of the prothorax, pronotal lobe and distal half of the fore tibia and in the pubescence of tarsus; the rest of the mesosoma and the metasoma display female features.; Se describe un ginandromorfo mixto de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) nigrocincta de un ejemplar de Argentina. El ginandromorfo tiene asimetría bilateral en la cabeza, con su mitad derecha con caracteres del macho y su mitad izquierda con caracteres de la hembra. El mesosoma presenta algunas características de macho en la mitad anterior derecha (protorax, lóbulo pronotal, mitad posterior de la protibia y pubescencia del tarso), el resto de meso y metasoma con caracteres de la hembra.

La incorporación de los indios desnaturalizados del valle Calchaquí y de la región del Chaco a la jurisdicción de Córdoba del Tucumán: Una mirada desde la visita del oidor Antonio Martines Luxan de Vargas, 1692–1693 Gonzalez Navarro, Constanza Maria This work is framed in the ethnohistorical perspective and attempts to show the alterations produced in the inter-ethnic relations due to the process of “denaturalization” and movements of the peoples from the valle Calchaquí and the Chaco region towards the jurisdiction of Córdoba city – part of the Viceroyalty of Peru – in the second half of the 17th century. This investigation takes as the main source the visita of Antonio Martines Luxan de Vargas (1692–1693), to which other judicial and capitulary sources have been included. The sources show the changes produced in the economy and local society due to the incorporation of foreign people into the jurisdiction. One of the most important changes we can see in this process is the alteration of the inter-ethnic relations prevailing since then, where the autochthonous population manifested submission to the system, showing few examples and signs of resistance to the local power. In this sense, the Calchaquí and Chaco population offered a more obvious resistance which, in exceptional cases – as it is the case of the “La Toma” natives – contributed to improve the social cohesion.

Los avances en la construcción del Estado Social en Córdoba (1914- 1930): Legislación social y prácticas asistenciales Moreyra Villalba, Beatriz Ines La historiografía argentina sobre la denominada cuestión social, ha multiplicado sus intereses temáticos en las dos últimas décadas. Dentro de la diversificación de problemáticas y de enfoques que la caracterizan, la producción dedicada al estudio de las condiciones materiales de vida de los sectores subalternos y la relación del Estado y la sociedad civil con la cuestión social, se constituyeron en colectivos historiográficos con identidad propia. En este contexto, el presente trabajo analiza la lenta transición hacia un protoestado social en la ciudad de Córdoba entre 1914 y 1930; es decir, el complejo y laxo proceso que va desde la solidaridad de la sociedad civil a la generalización de una solidaridad institucionalizada. Concordante con ello, se indaga el proceso histórico de estructuración de las medidas legislativas y asistenciales y las concepciones de lo social subyacentes a las decisiones normativas.; The Argentine historiography on the so-called social issue has multiplied its interests on the last two decades. Within the diversification of problems and approaches that characterize it, the production dedicated to the study of the actual conditions of life for the secondary sectors and the relationship that the State and the civil society bear to the social question have become historiographic groups with an identity of their own. In this context, the present paper analyzes the slow transition towards a social protostate in the city of Córdoba between 1914 and 1930; that is to say, the complex and lax process that moves from solidarity in civil society to the generalization of an institutionalized solidarity. Concurrent with that, it is investigated the historical process of structuring of legislative and welfare measures and the conceptions of the social underlying the decision concerning rules.

Identifying native-like protein structures with scoring functions based on all-atom ECEPP force fields, implicit solvent models and structure relaxation Arnautova, Yelena A.; Vorobjev, Yury N.; Vila, Jorge Alberto; Scheraga, Haroldo A. Availability of energy functions which can discriminate native-like from non-native protein conformations is crucial for theoretical protein structure prediction and refinement of low-resolution protein models. This article reports the results of benchmark tests for scoring functions based on two all-atom ECEPP force fields, that is, ECEPP/3 and ECEPP05, and two implicit solvent models for a large set of protein decoys. The following three scoring functions are considered: (i) ECEPP05 plus a solvent-accessible surface area model with the parameters optimized with a set of protein decoys (ECEPP05/SA); (ii) ECEPP/3 plus the solvent-accessible surface area model of Ooi et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:3086–3090) (ECEPP3/OONS); and (iii) ECEPP05 plus an implicit solvent model based on a solution of the Poisson equation with an optimized Fast Adaptive Multigrid Boundary Element (FAMBEpH) method (ECEPP05/FAMBEpH). Short Monte Carlo-with-Minimization (MCM) simulations, following local energy minimization, are used as a scoring method with ECEPP05/SA and ECEPP3/OONS potentials, whereas energy calculation is used with ECEPP05/FAMBEpH. The performance of each scoring function is evaluated by examining its ability to distinguish between native-like and non-native protein structures. The results of the tests show that the new ECEPP05/SA scoring function represents a significant improvement over the earlier ECEPP3/OONS version of the force field. Thus, it is able to rank native-like structures with Cα root-mean-square-deviations below 3.5 Å as lowest-energy conformations for 76% and within the top 10 for 87% of the proteins tested, compared with 69 and 80%, respectively, for ECEPP3/OONS. The use of the FAMBEpH solvation model, which provides a more accurate description of the protein-solvent interactions, improves the discriminative ability of the scoring function to 89%. All failed tests in which the native-like structures cannot be discriminated as those with low energy, are due to omission of protein–protein interactions. The results of this study represent a benchmark in force-field development, and may be useful for evaluation of the performance of different force fields. Proteins 2009.

Teacher-children interaction and concept development in kindergarten Rosemberg, Celia Renata; Silva, María Luisa This article analyzes the interaction between teachers and children in kindergarten classrooms in order to identify and describe the discursive strategies of teachers that retrieve children's previous expressions to clarify and specify concepts represented in them. Data analyzed include 90 situations of teacher–children exchanges in 7 kindergarten classrooms located in marginal urban neighborhoods in the outskirts of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The analysis followed a qualitative procedure: the constant comparative method (CitationGlaser & Strauss, 1967; CitationStrauss & Corbin, 1991). This allowed the authors to identify and describe the various ways in which teachers reconceptualize information offered by the children in ways that allow them to gradually specify, define, and characterize concepts underlying the words they use, albeit with a limited meaning. It also leads children to develop a finer differentiation and integration between concepts. Such development promotes processes of generalization and construction of hierarchical taxonomies.

The species of Megaphragma Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from Argentina Viggiani, Gennaro; Luft Albarracin, Erica Beatriz; Virla, Eduardo Gabriel Trichogrammatidae are an almost worldwide family of egg parasitoids that consist of 88 genera (Pinto 2006). Species of Megaphragma Timberlake (tribe Oligositini) are egg parasitoids of Thysanoptera. Fifteen species are assigned to Megaphragma, but only three have been reported from the Neotropical region (Noyes 2002). Megaphragma mymaripenne Timberlake (1924) has been recorded previously from Argentina (De Santis 1970), but M. striatum Viggiani (1997) was known only from Mexico, and M. caribea Delvare (1993) is known only from Guadeloupe (Noyes 2002; Pinto 2006). Recently, one of us (E. Luft) reared Megaphragma sp. from eggs of Thysanoptera on corn in San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, and this record instigated a review of all material of the genus recorded from Argentina. We searched for specimens deposited in the major entomological collections of Argentina: Instituto Fundación Miguel Lillo (San Miguel de Tucumán) (IMLA), Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” (Buenos Aires city) (MBA), and Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (La Plata, Buenos Aires province) (MLPA), but found specimens only in MLPA. In addition, one of us (G. Viggiani) studied material of Megaphragma from Argentina preserved in two other collections, that of the University of California Riverside (UCR) and of the Universidad Rómulo Gallegos, Venezuela (URGV). The results of this study are presented here.

A meteorite crater on Earth formed on September 15, 2007: The Carancas hypervelocity impact Tancredi, G.; Ishitsuka, J.; Schultz, P. H.; Harris, R. S.; Brown, P.; Revelle, D. O.; Antier, K.; Pichon, A. Le; Rosales, D.; Vidal, E.; Varela, Maria Eugenia; Sánchez, L.; Benavente, S.; Bojorquez, J.; Cabezas, D.; Dalmau, A. On September 15, 2007, a bright fireball was observed and a big explosion was heard by many inhabitants near the southern shore of Lake Titicaca. In the community of Carancas (Peru), a 13.5 m crater and several fragments of a stony meteorite were found close to the site of the impact. The Carancas event is the first impact crater whose formation was directly observed by several witnesses as well as the first unambiguous seismic recording of a crater-forming meteorite impact on Earth. We present several lines of evidence that suggest that the Carancas crater was a hypervelocity impact. An event like this should have not occurred according to the accepted picture of stony meteoroids ablating in the Earth's atmosphere, therefore it challenges our present models of entry dynamics. We discuss alternatives to explain this particular event. This emphasizes the weakness in the pervasive use of "average" parameters (such as tensile strength, fragmentation behavior and ablation behavior) in current modeling efforts. This underscores the need to examine a full range of possible values for these parameters when drawing general conclusions from models about impact processes.

Chilean swallows (Tachycineta meyeni) adjust the number of feathers added to the nest with time of breeding Liljesthrom, Marcela; Schiavini, Adrian Carlos Miguel; Reboreda, Juan Carlos Tachycineta swallows nest in secondary cavities and build nests made of a mat of dry grasses with a nest cup lined with feathers. The insulative quality of feathers may prevent hypothermia of the chicks and increase chick growth, but also may raise the risk of nestling hyperthermia if ambient temperature is high. The number of feathers added to the nest should vary throughout the breeding season according to ambient temperature. We describe nest structure and timing of nest building of Chilean Swallows (Tachycineta meyeni) nesting in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. We analyzed the association between number of feathers in the nest and (1) daily ambient temperature during the period swallows add feathers to the nest, and (2) hatching success of eggs and survival and growth of the chicks. There was a negative association between number of feathers added to the nest and average daily ambient temperature during the nesting cycle. Hatching success was not associated with number of feathers at start of laying or at the end of incubation. There was no association between number of feathers and chick survival or between number of feathers and average weight of the chicks when they were 12 and 15 days of age. Chilean Swallows make temporal adjustments to the number of feathers added to the nest. We suggest these adjustments may help maintain reproductive success throughout the breeding season.

Effect of oxalate on the growth of cuprous oxide layers on copper electrodes: ellipsometric and isoelectric point study Zerbino, Jorge Omar; Torres Sanchez, Rosa Maria; Sustersic, Maria Gisela The effect of the addition of oxalate to the growth of a cuprous oxide layer on copper electrodes was analysed at potential near that of the open circuit, in borax solutions (7 < pH < 9) by cyclic voltammetry, ellipsometry and surface charge techniques. The oxide formation is explained as a sequence of Cu2 O layer growth, ippl, cationic defect accumulation and Cu(II) adsorption on the oxide/solution interface, and a dissolution/precipitation step similar to the mechanism previously reported in oxalate free solutions. The oxalate adsorption at pH = 9 increases the dissolution rate and a greater thickness of the outer layer, oppl, is obtained. Nevertheless, the oxalate adsorption at pH = 7 decreases the cationic defect on the cuprous oxide/electrolyte interface, promoting the Cu2 O growth. For copper particles immersed in solutions of pH between 7 and 9, the measured isoelectric point values, iep, (11.8 < iep < 11.5) shifts in the presence of oxalate to pH between 11.6 and 11.0, respectively. This shift in the iep to a lower pH value indicates oxalate adsorption on the Cu/ Cu2 O particles.

Energy efficiency of double skin façades: an approach to Brazilian climates; Energieeffizienz von doppelschaligen Fassaden: eine Annäherung an brasilianische Klimabedingungen Leão, Marlon; Huckemann, Volker; Borges Leão, Érika F.; Fisch, Manfred Norbert; Kuchen, Ernesto The heat gains and daylight transmitted through windows directly influence the building's energy demand. High performance façades, when correctly specified, produce a great potential of energy savings by using daylight efficiently and controlling heat gains and/or losses. In Brazil, the lack of natural ventilation associated with large glass areas in office buildings exhibits substandard results concerning energy efficiency. This article demonstrates an approach to highly ventilated double skin façades in Brazil, investigating the potential of natural ventilation in accordance with the local climate. Applying the Light Design and Ideal Window Area methodologies, window areas as a function of different types of high performance glass are thermally simulated in the program EnergyPlus. The simulations are run for 10 cities in Brazil, in one of those cities, Curitiba (–25° 25′ 40'′), the annual results of hourly simulations demonstrate the building energy demand as a function of window area, glass type, room ratio and size. The results concerning the energy efficiency perspective only illustrated that double skin façades could be applied for southern regions in Brazil and under certain criteria.; Die ansteigende Temperatur und das Tageslicht, das ungehindert durch die Fenster tritt, beeinflussen den Energiehaushalt eines Gebäudes. Moderne Hochleistungsfassaden bieten bei korrekter Auslegung ein großes Potential zur Energieeinsparung, indem sie Tageslichtnutzung zulassen und solare Gewinne kontrollieren. Das Fehlen von natürlichen Belüftungsmöglichkeiten und der hohe Anteil großflächiger Glasfassaden in Bürogebäuden führen in Brasilien zu unterdurchschnittlicher Energieeffizienz. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit belüfteten doppelschaligen Fassaden in Brasilien, indem das Potential von natürlicher Belüftung unter den lokalen Klimabedingungen geprüft wird. In Anlehnung an Regeln der Kunstlichtplanung und zur Ermittlung der idealen Fensterfläche werden unterschiedliche Fensterflächenanteile unter Variation der Glasqualitäten in dem Programm EnergyPlus thermisch simuliert. Die Simulationen wurden für 10 brasilianische Städte durchgeführt. Die Jahresergebnisse der stündlichen Simulationen für Curitiba (–25° 25’ 40’’) zeigen, dass der Energiebedarf des Gebäudes von der Größe der Fensterflächen, der Art der Glasscheiben sowie der Raumproportion und -größe abhängt. Die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Einschätzung der Energieeffizienz weisen ferner darauf hin, dass doppelschalige Fassaden in südlichen Regionen von Brasilien und vergleichbaren Klimaten unter bestimmten Bedingungen angewendet werden können.

Another piece of the puzzle: The relationship between beliefs and practice in higher education organic chemistry Farré, Andrea Soledad; Lorenzo, Maria Gabriela An original study about beliefs, conceptions and discourse analyses of organic Chemistry teachers is presented. In order to examine conceptions of the nature of science, learning and teaching at university level, Likert questionnaires and discourse analysis were the methodological choices. A case study of four female teachers with different experience and teacher training was performed. The results show that when teachers were asked about their beliefs, they tended to express constructivist ideas, especially about the nature of science. However, in their practical discourse, during the classes, they exhibited more traditional positions. The discourse analyses then become a powerful tool which can be considered a "beliefsgate" to analyse conceptions.

Bacterial hydrocarbon-degrading consortium from Antarctic soils (short communication) Ruberto, Lucas Adolfo Mauro; Vázquez, Susana Claudia; Mac Cormack, Walter Patricio Removal of contaminants from polluted environments could be improved by taking advantage of the catabolic capacity of some microorganisms ina  process called bioremediation. Nowadays the use of microbial associations (also called microial consortia) is gaining attention, because they seem to have a wider degradation spectrum tan that exhibited by isolates strains. M10 is a bacterial consortium obtained from hydrocarbon-contaminated Antarctic soils whose components belong to the Pseudomonas and Sphingobacterium genera. In this short communication, transmision electron microscope (TEM) images are shown, evidencing the morphological diversity of these complex microbial association.

The Evolution of Song in the Phylloscopus Leaf Warblers (Aves: Sylviidae). A Tale of Sexual Selection, Habitat Adaptation, and Morphological Constraints Mahler, Bettina; Gil, Diego Differences in song between species of birds are often the most reliable criteria by which to identify them. Thus, the study of the evolution of bird song provides biologists with a powerful insight into the nature of speciation processes. Both adaptive and nonadaptive explanations have been proposed to account for the evolution of song differences in birds. In this study, we put several of these hypotheses to a test in the genus Phylloscopus, a species-rich group of Old World leaf warblers in which song is used by males for mate attraction and territory defense. We found that song characteristics contained significant amounts of phylogenetic information, although they were more labile than morphological traits. Song frequency characteristics were more phylogenetically preserved than temporal or song structure traits. Changes in body size between species were correlated with changes in maximum and minimum frequencies and frequency bandwidth: small-bodied species had higher frequencies and wider bandwidths than large-bodied species. Beak shape was not found to limit overall frequency patterns. We used an ecomorphological correlate of habitat use, the tarsus/beak ratio, to test for song adaptation to specific habitat sound transmission characteristics. We found that species with larger tarsus/beak ratio, typically inhabiting broadleaf habitats and understory vegetation, had lower emphasized frequencies in their songs, as expected if songs are adapted to maximize sound transmission. However, this relationship did not held when controlling for common descent. Song complexity, a wide-ranging measurement encompassing temporal and structural sound complexity estimates, was best explained by breeding latitude. We interpret this relationship as a correlate of increased sexual selection by mate choice toward more Northern latitudes. We failed to find a significant role of character displacement in the evolution of song in this group: sympatric pairs of species did not show larger differences in song than allopatric pairs of species. To sum up, superimposing upon large haphazard selection of song themes, selective pressures for higher song elaboration in areas of high sexual selection, and correlative change in song brought about by natural selection of body size, would explain some of the diversity of songs that are found within the genus Phylloscopus.