Multiple mechanisms of growth hormone-regulated gene transcription Ceseña, Teresa I.; Cui, Tracy Xiao; Piwien Pilipuk, Graciela; Kaplani, Julianne; Calinescu, Anda Alexandra; Huo, Jeffrey S.; Iñiguez Lluhí, Jorge A.; Kwok, Roland; Schwartz, Jessica Diverse physiological actions of growth hormone (GH) are mediated by changes in gene transcription. Transcription can be regulated at several levels, including post-translational modification of transcription factors, and formation of multiprotein complexes involving transcription factors, co-regulators and additional nuclear proteins; these serve as targets for regulation by hormones and signaling pathways. Evidence that GH regulates transcription at multiple levels is exemplified by analysis of the proto-oncogene c-fos. Among the GH-regulated transcription factors on c-fos, C/EBPbeta appears to be key, since depletion of C/EBPbeta by RNA interference blocks the stimulation of c-fos by GH. The phosphorylation state of C/EBPbeta and its ability to activate transcription are regulated by GH through MAPK and PI3K/Akt-mediated signaling cascades. The acetylation of C/EBPbeta also contributes to its ability to activate c-fos transcription. These and other post-translational modifications of C/EBPbeta appear to be integrated for regulation of transcription by GH. The formation of nuclear proteins into complexes associated with DNA-bound transcription factors is also regulated by GH. Both C/EBPbeta and the co-activator p300 are recruited to c-fos in response to GH, altering c-fos promoter activation. In addition, GH rapidly induces spatio-temporal re-localization of C/EBPbeta within the nucleus. Thus, GH-regulated gene transcription mediated by C/EBPbeta reflects the integration of diverse mechanisms including post-translational modifications, modulation of protein complexes associated with DNA and re-localization of gene regulatory proteins. Similar integration involving other transcription factors, including Stats, appears to be a feature of regulation by GH of other gene targets.

A fast fluorimetric flow injection method to determine ibuprofen Lista, Adriana Guillermina; Palomeque, Miriam Edid; Fernández Band, Beatriz Susana The native fluorescence of ibuprofen was enhanced when a host-guest complex of the analyte with b cyclodextrin (b-CD) was formed. So, based on this fact, a flow injection method to determine ibuprofen in different pharmaceutical preparations with fluorescence detection (lem 287 nm, lexc 223 nm) was developed. The calibration curve was linear over the range 6.00 – 60.0 mg L-1 of ibuprofen and the detection limit (LOD) for S/N=3 was 4.5 mg L-1. The relative standard deviation was 1.2% and the sample throughput 240 h-1. The method was validated by comparing the proposed and the official method to commercial preparation samples.; A fluorescência natural da ibuprofeína foi melhorada quando foi formado um complexo convidado-hospedeiro com a beta-ciclodextrina (beta-CD). A partir disso, foi desenvolvido um método por injeção em fluxo para a determinação de ibuprofeína em diferentes preparações farmacêuticas, com detecção fluorescente (lem 287 nm, lex 233 nm). A curva de calibração foi linear no intervalo entre 6,00 a 60,0 mg L-1 de ibuprofeína, com limite de detecção (LOD para S/N=3) de 4,5 mg L-1. O desvio padrão relativo foi de 1,2% e a velocidade de determinação de 240 amostras por hora. O método foi validado pela comparação do método proposto, e do usado oficialmente, em amostras comerciais preparadas.

Identification of Families Among Highly Inclined Asteroids Gil Hutton, Ricardo Alfredo A dataset of 3652 high-inclination numbered asteroids was analyzed to search for dynamical families. A fully automated multivariate data analysis technique was applied to identify the groupings. Thirteen dynamical families and twenty-two clumps were found. When taxonomic information is available, the families show cosmochemical consistency and support an interpretation based on a common origin from a single parent body. Four families and three clumps found in this work show a size distribution which is compatible with a formation due to a cratering event on the largest member of the family, and also three families have B- or related taxonomic types members, which represents a 14% of the B-types classified by Bus and Binzel [2002. Icarus 158, 146-177].

The strange polarimetric behavior of Asteroid (234) Barbara Cellino, Alberto; Belskaya, I. N.; Bendjoya, P. H.; Di Martino, M.; Gil Hutton, Ricardo Alfredo; Muinonen, K.; Tedesco, E. F. We have discovered that the Asteroid (234) Barbara exhibits very anomalous polarimetric properties. The phase-polarization curve of this asteroid is unique and is not matched by any other known atmosphereless body of our Solar System. Although a few preliminary conjectures can be made, for the moment the reasons of the peculiar polarimetric properties of this asteroid remain essentially unknown.

Preparation and characterization of polymeric microspheres for Cr(VI) extraction Ochoa, Nelio Ariel; Illanes, Cristian Omar; Marchese, Jose; Basualto, C.; Valenzuela, Fernando R. Microspheres (MS) from different polymers were prepared using two routes. Route A: process of phase inversion with solutions of polysulfone (PSf) in dichloromethane (DCM) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as additive. Different weight ratios of PSf-PVP were used in the MS preparation. Route B: MS were obtained by cross-linking in emulsion using a commercial silicone as raw material. The obtained MS were analysed according to their morphological-structural characteristics and in relation to their Cr(VI) extraction capacity using impregnated MS with Aliquat 336. The results obtained showed that MS prepared with PSf-PVP have both less specific surfaces and relative porosities when the proportion of PVP in the mixture is increased. Extraction tests of ion Cr(VI) indicated that synthesized MS have adequate structural characteristics and interesting adsorptive properties which give rise to impregnating selective extractants. Impregnated microspheres with Aliquat 336 prepared from 2:1 PSf-PVP ratio achieved the highest Cr(VI) extractive performance (92% of Cr extraction for contact time of 60 min) and the best breakthrough point in column tests (up to 10 h in the first cycle).

¿Teorías científicas fuera de lugar? Algunas derivas del evolucionismo en el positivismo argentino Fernandez, Cristina Beatriz El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar comparativamente dos textos escritos en la Argentina a comienzos del siglo XX: "La simulación en la lucha por la vida" de José Ingenieros y "Los simuladores del talento" de José María Ramos Mejía. En ambos casos se estudia la relación de los textos con el léxico y los conceptos heredados de las teorías evolucionistas, los cuales se transforman, en estos textos, en claves de interpretación del proceso cultural y político local. El artículo concluye con una reflexión sobre la dialéctica de apropiación y transformación de las teorías científicas de origen europeo en el ámbito latinoamericano.; The aim of this paper is to study in a comparative way two works written in Argentina, at the beginning of the twentieth century: "La simulación en la lucha por la vida" by José Ingenieros and "Los simuladores del talento" by José María Ramos Mejía. The focus of the analyses is on the relationship between the terms and the concepts inherited from the evolutionary theories, which are transformed, in Ingenieros and Ramos’ texts, into clues for interpreting the cultural and political local processes. The paper ends with some considerations about the dialectis of the appropriation of the scientific theories borned in Europe and their transformation in Latin American.

Seguidor del punto de máxima potencia para sistemas fotovoltaicos basado en convertidor CC/CC elevador de tensión Molina, Marcelo Gustavo; Pontoriero, Domingo Hector; Gandolfo, Daniel; León, Eugenio; Mercado, Pedro Enrique Este trabajo presenta el modelado, simulación e implementación experimental de un seguidor del punto de máxima potencia (SPMP) para sistemas fotovoltaicos (FV), el cual utiliza un convertidor CC–CC elevador de tensión operando en modo de conducción continua (MCC). El convertidor es capaz de extraer la máxima potencia del panel fotovoltaico para niveles de radiación solar y temperatura ambiental dados, ajustando periódicamente el ciclo de trabajo del convertidor. La técnica de control propuesta se basa en el método de Perturbación y Observación (P&O) y utiliza un algoritmo simple y eficaz de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia (PMP) del panel FV ante cambios en la carga y en las condiciones ambientales. La implementación del sistema de control se realiza mediante un procesador digital de señales (PDS) TMS320F2812. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos permiten comprobar el muy buen desempeño del SPMP propuesto.; This work presents the modelling, simulation and experimental implementation of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for photovoltaic systems (PV), which uses a dc-dc boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). The converter is able to draw the maximum power from the photovoltaic panel for a given solar radiation level and environment temperature by periodically adjusting the duty cycle of the converter. The proposed control technique is based on the Perturbation and Observation (P&O) method and utilizes a simple and effective algorithm for tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV panel in cases that changes occur in the load and in environmental conditions. The implementation of the control system is carried out by means of a TMS320F2812 digital signal processor (DSP). The obtained experimental results allow proving the very good performance of the proposed MPPT.

Existencialismo y humanismo ante la crisis de la psicoterapia: Una revisión González, Eliana Noemí A la largo de la historia en el campo de la psicología y de la psicoterapia se han percibido diferentes crisis, dadas por motivos muy diversos. En este artículo se analiza la crisis de la psicoterapia entendida como una crisis enraizada en su objeto de estudio, es decir en el hombre mismo, como sujeto de continuos cambios y devenires. Asimismo esta crisis del hombre reclama una psicoterapia capaz de dar respuesta a los planteos existenciales, esenciales de todo hombre. En tal sentido, se analiza la filosofía existencial y humanista y los posteriores planteos existenciales y humanistas dentro de la psicoterapia como una respuesta a este hombre en crisis.; Historically, psychology and psychotherapy fields have gone through several crisis due to different reasons. The present paper analyzes the crisis of psychotherapy in relation to its object of study, i.e. man as a subject who undergoes continuous changes and experiences. The crisis of man claims for a psychotherapy able to answer existencial questions which are esential to his nature. Hence, existencial and humanist philosophy and the subsecuent psychotherapy approaches are analyzed as an answer to man in crisis

Revisión estratigráfica de la Formación Ponón Trehué (Ordovícico), Bloque de San Rafael, Mendoza; Stratigraphic revision of the Ponon Trehue Formation (Ordovician), San Rafael Block, Mendoza Heredia, Susana Emma This paper provides new descriptions and interpretations of the Ordovician rocks cropping out to the south of the Arroyo de Ponón Trehué, in the San Rafael Block, Mendoza Province. These data allow a new stratigraphic interpretation for the Ordovician rocks which leads to a formal redefinition of the Ponón Trehué Formation. These rocks are mainly siliciclastics (Darriwilian to lower Upper Ordovician), and two members are defined. The lower one is a siliciclastic/ carbonate sequence from the upper Middle Ordovician (upper Darriwilian) to the lower Upper Ordovician and the upper one is an olistostrome deposits that is correlated with the lower Upper Ordovician. The stratigraphic succession is interpreted in terms of the following geologic history: 1) Early to early Mid Ordovician: deposition on shallow marine carbonate platform. 2) Mid Ordovician (pre-P. serra zone): exposure and erosion of basement as result of a gentle uplift, which is thought to be a local, but not a regional, event because it is not recorded in other parts of the San Rafael Block nor in the Precordillera. 3) Mid to early Late Ordovician (P. serra to P. anserinus Zones): gentle subsidence and extensive flooding surface, and siliciclastic deposition in gradually deepening marine environment. 4) Early Late Ordovician: rapid increase in rate of deepening (basin subsidence) to create steep basin margin and collapse of carbonate blocks into basin. In order to create accommodation space for the thick olistostrome sequence including large olistoliths and to create steep basin margin necessary to generate gravity slide process, basin subsidence must have been rapid and tectonically driven.; Nuevas descripciones y análisis de las rocas ordovícicas aflorantes al sur de Arroyo Ponón Trehué, en el ámbito del Bloque de San Rafael, permiten establecer una reinterpretación estratigráfica de las mismas. La redefinición formal de la Formación Ponón Trehué contempla que estas rocas de edad ordovícica media y superior, mayormente siliciclásticas, conforman una sucesión estratigráfica que permite diferenciar dos miembros: una secuencia basal siliciclástica/carbonática darriwiliana depositada en una plataforma con evidentes signos de exhondación al tope, y otra unidad conformada por depósitos olistostrómicos asignados al Ordovícico Superior que sobreyace a la anterior.

A new Trichostrongylus parasitizing the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Octodontidae) from Mar de Cobo, Argentina. Rossin, Maria Alejandra; Timi, Juan Tomas; Malizia, Ana Inés A new nematode species, Trichostrongylus duretteae sp. nov., found in the small intestine of Ctenomys talarum from Argentina is described. The new species more closely resembles T. suis Iwanitsky, 1930 a parasite of Sus scrofa in the USSR. However, the new species can be distinguished by the morphology of male genital bursa: Rays 6 distant from rays 8 and a larger dorsal ray in relation to the length of rays 2 to 8. The present finding is the first record of the genus Trichostrongylus in rodents of the family Octodontidae.

Biometeorología en la ciudad de Punta Alta, Argentina Ramos, María Belén; Campo, Alicia María La Biometeorología es la rama de la ciencia que estudia las interacciones entre los estados de tiempo y los seres vivos. Por un lado, consiste en analizar la forma en que diversas situaciones meteorológicas favorecen o inhiben la aparición de ciertos síntomas en el ser humano. Frente a determinadas situaciones rigurosas o muy inestables de temperatura, humedad, presión o viento el organismo reacciona de diversas maneras como por ejemplo manifestando fatiga, cefalea, gripes, entre otros y perturbando en general su buen funcionamiento. El clima y la salud son objeto de investigación desde hace mucho tiempo en el Departamento de Geografía y Turismo de la Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Desde el año 2002 a la actualidad se está investigando las relaciones de los estados de tiempo meteorológico y la salud en la ciudad de Punta Alta, cabecera del Partido de Coronel de Marina Leonardo Rosales. La investigación es de vital relevancia si se tiene en cuenta que no existen estudios sobre temas de biometeorología en dicha localidad por lo cual los resultados son de inmediata aplicación al medio. En el área central de la ciudad se ubica una estación meteorológica a partir de la cual se obtienen los datos meteorológicos necesarios, que luego son procesados y analizados para determinar estados de tiempo típicos de la ciudad. Por otra parte, el Hospital Naval Puerto Belgrano, importante referente en salud para toda la población, aporta lo concerniente a las afecciones que sufre la población. Los primeros resultados indicaron la existencia de una correlación significativa entre los estados de tiempo y el número de pacientes atendidos por el incremento de sus afecciones en el hospital o en los policonsultorios. Por otra parte, también se identificó la distribución anual de las enfermedades dominantes relacionadas con las estaciones del año.; The Biometeorology is the branch of the science that studies the interactions between the weather condition and alive beings. On the one hand, it consists of analyzing the form in which diverse meteorological situations favour or inhibit the appearance of certain symptoms in the human being. As opposed to certain rigorous or very unstable situations of temperature, humidity, pressure or wind the organism react of diverse ways like for example showing fatigue, migraine, influenzas, among others and disturbing in general its good operation. The climate and the health are object of investigation for a long time in the Departamento de Geografía y Turismo de la Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. From year 2002 to the present time it is investigating the relations of the meteorological weather condition and the health in the city of Punta Alta, head of the Coronel de Marina Leonardo Rosales Department.The investigation is of vital relevance if it considers that does not exist studies on subjects of biometeorology in this locality thus the results are of immediate application to means. In the central area of the city a weather station is located from which the weather data are obtained necessary, that soon process and they are analyzed to determine typical weather conditions of the city. On the other hand, the Naval Hospital Belgrano Port, important referring in health for all the population, contributes concerning the affections that the population undergoes. The first results indicated the existence of a significant correlation between the weather conditions and the number of patients taken care of by the increase of their affections in the hospital or in the external doctor's offices. On the other hand, also the annual distribution of the dominant diseases related to the stations of the year was identified.

Senecio rosmarinus y S. spegazzinii: Sinónimos de S. volckmannii (Astereae, Senecioneae) Tortosa, Roberto Daniel; Bartoli, Carmen María Adriana Se incluyen a Senecio rosmarinus Phil. y a S. spegazzinii Cabrera en la sinonimia de S. volckmannii Phil.(sección Suffrutecius Cabrera subsección Candidi Cabrera), especie con capítulos discoides, normalmente solitarios en los extremos de los tallos, con involucro anchamente acampanado y con 15—24 filarios. El indumento de la planta, la forma de las hojas y la pubescencia de los aquenios son caracteres variables dentro de la especie.; Senecio rosmarinus and S. spegazzinii synonyms of S. volckmannii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae). Senecio rosmarinus Phil. and S. spegazzinii Cabrera are included as synonyms of S. volckmannii Phil. (section Suffrutecius Cabrera subsection Candidi Cabrera), species with discoid heads generally solitary at the end of stems, involucre broadly campanulate, with 15—24 phyllaries. The hair covering of plants, the shape of leaves and the pubescence of achenes are variable within this species.

Comment on "towards a differential equation for the nonrelativistic ground-state electron density of the He-like sequence of atomic ions" Serra, Pablo In a recent paper (Phys. Rev. A 71, 042501 (2005))Howard and March presented the exact ground state wave function of the spherical He-like atom, and many physical aspects of this solution were analyzed. We show that this function is not the exact solution of the model

Retórica y espacios de poder en "¿Qué es esto? Catilinaria" Lamoso, Adriana Amanda En los ensayos que el escritor argentino Ezequiel Martínez Estrada dedica a la interpretación del hecho peronista en nuestro país, en particular en "¿Qué es esto? Catilinaria", problematiza el rol de la intelectualidad argentina, en virtud de su ilusoria intervención en los asuntos políticos y culturales de la esfera pública. Mediante un discurso panfletario monta un artefacto retórico con el que interpela a los intelectuales, en términos de virulenta reacción opositiva. El cuestionamiento a los otros recibe un tratamiento de fuerte confrontación e impugnación, y su representación se consolida conforme diseña su propia imagen y la de sus destinatarios supuestos, en un juego de marcadas tensiones contrapuestas. Tal configuración no puede recibir sino, por parte de los adversarios, polémicos y descalificadores contraargumentos, no escasamente reconocibles en las esferas de transmisión de la cultura. El discurso del ensayista constituye una arenga en la que se afirma un saber desafiante, en virtud de la (auto)legitimidad que le otorga a su consabido conocimiento veraz de los móviles que determinaron y constituyeron la idiosincrasia de nuestra nacionalidad. En el desarrollo del trabajo se transitarán los argumentos que instalan al peronismo en el centro de una polémica que fractura y desplaza en cruentos duelos intelectuales a los partícipes de la cultura local.; In the essays that the argentine writer Ezequiel Martínez Estrada dedicates to the interpretation of the peronist phenomenon in our country, particularly in "¿Qué es esto? Catilinaria", questions the role of argentine intellectuals due to his illusory part in the political and cultural matters of the public sphere. By means of a pamphletist speech, MartÌnez Estrada creates a rhetorical machine with which he appeals to intellectuals in terms of virulent opposing reaction. The questioning to the others receives a treatment of strong confrontation and opposition, and his representation consolidates according to his own image and that of his supposed addressees, in a game of marked opposed tensions. Such configuration canít receive but, on the part of the opponents, controversial and disqualified counter- arguments not scantly recognized in the spheres of cultural transmission. The essayistís speech is a harangue in which a challenging knowledge is assured, in virtue of the own genuininess that he gives to the true knowledge of the motives that determined and made the idiosyncrasy of our nationality. In this paper weíll discuss the arguments that put peronism in the middle of a controversy that fractures and displaces the participants of local culture in bloody intellectual duels.

La evaluación de la personalidad infantil a partir del enfoque de los Cinco Grandes Factores de Personalidad (Big Five) Lemos, Viviana Noemí Desde hace algunos años, el enfoque de los Cinco Grandes Factores de Personalidad (Big Five), ha surgido como un tema de gran interés en la Psicología de la Personalidad, fundamentalmente en el área de la Evaluación Psicológica. Aunque el desarrollo teórico acerca de la estructura de la personalidad infantil es extenso, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar específicamente la adecuación del mencionado modelo, en la evaluación de la personalidad infantil. Se contrastará la investigación bibliográfica sobre el tema, con la operacionalización del constructo realizado a partir de la elaboración del Cuestionario Argentino de Personalidad Infantil (Lemos, 2004) el cual se basa en el enfoque de los Cinco Grandes Factores de Personalidad.; In the last few years, the Big Five Personality Factors approach has appeared as a very interesting theme in the field of personality psychology and particularity in the area of Psychology Evaluation. Although theoretical developments about child personality structure are copious, the purpose of this paper is analysing the adequacy of the above mentioned model to the evaluation of child personality. The bibliographic research on the subject is cantrasted with the opertationalization of the construct made on the basis of elaborating the Argentine Questionnaire of Child Personality (Lemos, 2004) based in turn on the Big Five Personality Factors approach

Notas sobre el modelo subyacente del Libro de Séneca hordenado es dispuesto contra la yra e saña Fuentes, Juan Héctor Desde hace ya unos años, la crítica textual han venido destacando la importancia de la reconstrucción del modelo subyacente para una completa edición de traducciones y romanceamientos medievales. Partiendo de los actuales estudios sobre la tradición manuscrita de los Diálogos de Séneca, el presente trabajo pretende ofrecer una aproximación al modelo latino subyacente del Libro de Séneca hordenado e dispuesto contra la yra e saña.

An Overview of Autonomic Regulation of Parotid Gland Activity: Influence of Orchiectomy Busch, Lucila; Sterin, Leonor Josefina; Borda, Enri Santiago The parotid gland participates in the digestive process by providing fluid, electrolytes and enzymes that facilitate the onset of digestion. Neurotransmitters, hormones and biologically active peptides regulate its activity. The autonomic system is the main regulatory mechanism of the gland. Sympathetic stimulation induces amylase release through â1-receptor activation and little fluid secretion by á1-receptor activation. The parasympathetic system controls basal activity of the gland acting on M1 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and induces the secretion of fluid saliva rich in electrolytes through the modulation of ion channels and the Na + -K + -ATPase activity. In addition, its activation induces amylase release. The mechanisms involved in amylase secretion by isoproterenol and carbachol, as well as the mechanism of the cholinergic regulation of Na + -K + -ATPase activity and the changes observed after orchiectomy, are the scope of this review.

Vitamin D2 dose required to rapidly increase 25OHD levels in osteoporotic women Mastaglia, Silvina Rosana; Mautalen, Carlos Alfredo; Parisi, Muriel Solange; Oliveri, María Beatriz OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the effectiveness and safety of high daily 125 microg (5,000 IU) or 250 microg (10,000IU) doses of vitamin D(2) during 3 months, in rapidly obtaining adequate 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SUBJECTS: Postmenopausal osteopenic/osteoporotic women (n = 38) were studied during winter and spring. Median age (25-75th percentile) was 61.5 (57.00-66.25) years, and mean bone mineral density (BMD) was 0.902 (0.800-1.042)g/cm(2). Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n=13): no vitamin D(2), 125 mug/day (n=13) and 250 microg/day (n=12) of vitamin D(2) groups, all receiving 500 mg calcium/day. Serum calcium, phosphate, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), C-telopeptide (CTX), 25OHD, mid-molecule parathyroid hormone (mmPTH), daily urinary calcium and creatinine excretion were determined at baseline and monthly. RESULTS: For all subjects (n=38), the median baseline 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level was 36.25 (27.5-48.12) nmol/l. After 3 months, 8% of the patients in the control group, 50% in the 125 microg/day group and 75% in the 250 microg/day group had 25OHD values above 85 nmol/l (34 ng/ml). Considering both vitamin D(2) groups together, mmPTH and BAP levels diminished significantly after 3 months (P<0.02), unlike those of CTX. Serum calcium remained within normal range during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The oral dose of vitamin D(2) required to rapidly achieve adequate levels of 25OHD is seemingly much higher than the usual recommended vitamin D(3) dose (20 mug/day). During 3 months, 250 microg/day of vitamin D(2) most effectively raised 25OHD levels to 85 nmol/l in 75% of the postmenopausal osteopenic/osteoporotic women treated.

State estimation in batch processes using a nonlinear observer Biagiola, Silvina Ines; Solsona, Jorge Alberto This paper deals with the problem of nonlinear states estimation in batch chemical processes. It presents a reduced-order nonlinear observer approach to perform the estimation. The proposed method allows adjustment of the speed of convergence towards zero of the estimation error. The stability properties of the model-based observer are analytically treated in order to show the conditions under which exponential convergence can be achieved. In addition, the performance of the proposed observer is evaluated on batch processes.

Reflexiones en torno a la cultura en América Latina Perilli, Carmen Noemi La descolonización de la cultura latinoamericana supone la revisión de los múltiples relatos tejidos alrededor de la identidad del continente, identidad entendida como esencia. Desde antes de la Conquista La Letra proyectó una imagen virtual del Nuevo Mundo. Las representación estuvo signada por la alteridad del objeto, en relación a un sujeto que lo definía desde fuera.