Electrical behaviour and evolutionary computation in thin films of bovine brain microtubules Vissol Gaudin, Eléonore; Pearson, Chris; Groves, Chris; Zeze, Dagou A.; Cantiello, Horacio Fabio; Cantero, Maria del Rocio; Petty, Michael C. We report on the electrical behaviour of thin films of bovine brain microtubules (MTs). For samples in both their dried and hydrated states, the measured currents reveal a power law dependence on the applied DC voltage. We attribute this to the injection of space-charge from the metallic electrode(s). The MTs are thought to form a complex electrical network, which can be manipulated with an applied voltage. This feature has been exploited to undertake some experiments on the use of the MT mesh as a medium for computation. We show that it is possible to evolve MT films into binary classifiers following an evolution in materio approach. The accuracy of the system is, on average, similar to that of early carbon nanotube classifiers developed using the same methodology.

Dino on the menu: Tooth traces in a sauropod epiphysis from the Presidente Prudente Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian), Bauru Group, Brazil - palaeobiological and palaeoecological implications Gomes da Costa Pereira, Paulo Victor Luiz; Pedro Bogado, Joaquin; Baptista Ribeiro, Theo; Paiva Belfort, Leticia; de Valais, Silvina; Roberto dos Anjos Candeiro, Carlos Ichnofossils are a useful tool in determining some aspects of the palaeoecology from past ecosystems, being often used as evidence of interactions between extinct organisms. In this paper we describe tooth traces found in UFRJ-DG 705 R, a fragmentary sauropod epiphysis, from the Presidente Prudente Formation, Bauru Group. We infer that these traces were made by a small to medium-sized crocodyliform, most likely an itasuchid, in a possible act of necrophagy. This new record of tooth traces in the Bauru Group showcases important evidence concerning trophic relations between sauropods and crocodyliforms in this locality during the Late Cretaceous.

Amenaza de extinción de palmares de Butia yatay como resultado del avance de la actividad forestal en Colonia Pando (San Roque, Corrientes); Extinction threat of Butia yatay palm groves as a result of the progress of forestry activities at Colonia Pando (San Roque, Corrientes) Contreras, Félix Ignacio; Baruzzo, Mariana Noemí; Smichowski, Humberto; Milano, Micaela; Contreras, Silvina Andrea La transformación de paisajes naturales en Sudamérica surge como consecuencia del desarrollo humano, relacionado al crecimiento espacial de las ciudades o a la expansión agrícola, ya que ambas implican grandes superficies del territorio y más aún cuando los mismos se encuentran en constante crecimiento. En la provincia de Corrientes, la forestación de Pinus sp. y Eucaliptus sp. es en la actualidad la actividad económica de mayor desarrollo espacial sobre un paisaje local de lomadas arenosas. No obstante, si bien el crecimiento es sumamente significativo, existen muy pocos antecedentes de cómo la actividad forestal impacta sobre este paisaje, principalmente sobre especies autóctonas como los palmares de Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc. En este marco, el objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer cómo la expansión de la deforestación pone en riesgo los palmares naturales de Butia yatay, potenciando su extinción si no se regula esta actividad y se protegen especies en peligro. En este trabajo se propone enfatizar los estudios referidos al avance de la actividad forestal, dejando como antecedente la pérdida de uno de los principales componentes fitogeográficos del paisaje.; Landscape transformation of natural landscapes in South America rise up as a consequence of human development, related to the spatial growth of cities or agricultural expansion, since both involve large areas of the territory and even more so when they are constantly growing. In the Corrientes province, Eucalyptus and Pinus forestry. is at the present the economic activity with the greatest spatial development over a local landscape of sandy hills. Although the growth is extremely significant, there is very little previous on how forest activity impacts on this landscape, principally on native species such as the palms groves of Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc. In this context, the aim of this paper is to know how the expansion of forestry activity place the natural palm groves of Butia yatay at significant risk. This activity may bring them to extinction if this activity is not regulated and endangered species are not protected. In this paper it is proposed to emphasize the studies referring to the advancement of forestry activity, leaving as a precedent the loss of one of the main phytogeographic components of the landscape.

In vivo pair correlation microscopy reveals dengue virus capsid protein nucleocytoplasmic bidirectional movement in mammalian infected cells Sallaberry, Ignacio; Luszczak, Alexis; Philipp, Natalia; Costa Navarro, Guadalupe Soledad; Gabriel, Manuela; Gratton, Enrico; Gamarnik, Andrea Vanesa; Estrada, Laura Cecilia Flaviviruses are major human disease-causing pathogens, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus, yellow fever virus and others. DENV infects hundreds of millions of people per year around the world, causing a tremendous social and economic burden. DENV capsid (C) protein plays an essential role during genome encapsidation and viral particle formation. It has been previously shown that DENV C enters the nucleus in infected cells. However, whether DENV C protein exhibits nuclear export remains unclear. By spatially cross-correlating different regions of the cell, we investigated DENV C movement across the nuclear envelope during the infection cycle. We observed that transport takes place in both directions and with similar translocation times (in the ms time scale) suggesting a bidirectional movement of both C protein import and export. Furthermore, from the pair cross-correlation functions in cytoplasmic or nuclear regions we found two populations of C molecules in each compartment with fast and slow mobilities. While in the cytoplasm the correlation times were in the 2–6 and 40–110 ms range for the fast and slow mobility populations respectively, in the cell nucleus they were 1–10 and 25–140 ms range, respectively. The fast mobility of DENV C in cytoplasmic and nuclear regions agreed with the diffusion coefficients from Brownian motion previously reported from correlation analysis. These studies provide the first evidence of DENV C shuttling from and to the nucleus in infected cells, opening new venues for antiviral interventions.

Registro de depredación del peludo, Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804), sobre un nido de cauquén común, Chloephaga picta , en el noroeste de Santa Cruz Cossa, Natalia Andrea; Gallo, Jorge Alberto; Fasola, Laura; Roesler, Carlos Ignacio; Abba, Agustin Manuel Presentamos el registro de un peludo depredando un nido activo de cauquén común, obtenido pormedio del monitoreo de nidos de esta especie con trampa camara. Los cauquenes no logran defenderel nido, el cual es depredado en su totalidad. Este registro confirma que el peludo es un depredadorde nidos de cauquenes, por lo que su presencia y densidad deberían tenerse en cuenta al momento deplanificar acciones de conservación para estas aves.; We present the record of a large hairy armadillo predating on an active Upland goose nest, obtained by monitoring nests of this species using camera traps. Upland geese were unable to defend the nest, which was entirely preyed upon. This record confirms that the armadillo is an Upland goose nest predator, so its presence and density should be taken into account when planning conservation actions for these birds.

La organización doméstica y las mudanzas de Esteco (1566-1650): Políticas de movilidad; Household and the movements of esteco (1566-1650): Politics of mobility Marschoff, Maria En 1609 los habitantes de Nuestra Señora de Talavera o Esteco –actual provincia de Salta, Argentina- trasladaron su ciudad. En esa coyuntura, algunos de ellos decidieron no participar de la mudanza y migrar hacia otras ciudades de la gobernación del Tucumán. En este artículo, en base al análisis de diversas fuentes documentales, se busca entender el trasfondo de las distintas decisiones que tomaron los habitantes de esta ciudad colonial, en particular la lógica de la elección de trasladarse o permanecer en determinado lugar. De esa manera se han podido trazar vínculos entre los ritmos de movilidad de las personas con el contexto político-económico de la época y de la región, la organización doméstica en la que participaban y los grupos sociales en los que se insertaban en esta sociedad estamental colonial (elite, grupos subalternos, grupos medios).; In 1609 the inhabitants of Nuestra Señora de Talavera or Esteco-nowadays Salta Province, Argentinamoved their city. In this context, several of them decided to migrate to other cities of the Gobernación del Tucumán. Based on the analysis of a wide variety of historical sources, In this work we try to understand the reason of their decisions, in particular why they took the decision either to move or to remain at a certain place. We have been able to link the rhythm of mobility of these people with the political and economical context of that time and region, their households and the social groups (elite, subaltern or middle groups) to which they belonged in this stratum colonial society.

La Scuola Siciliana y sus problemáticas de traducción cultural al español; The Sicilian School: Issues in Cultural Translation into Spanish Gonzalez Molina, Mario Augusto En el presente trabajo se aborda una selección de textos poéticos pertenecientes a la Scuola Siciliana que, en primer lugar, nos permita reflexionar en torno a la problemática de la traducción de una lengua literaria antigua al español moderno. En segundo lugar, la línea de trabajo se basa en indagar la problemática de traducción desde la traslación del léxico específico que nos retrotraiga al código cultural de estos textos. Se tiene en cuenta los conceptos y tópicos propios de la lírica trovadoresca y los temas de la lírica culta castellana para lograr una recomposición del universo cultural medieval una vez llevados al español como lengua de llegada. Por ello el enfoque utilizado proviene del método de la traducción cultural y la adaptación, y elementos de la teoría de la equivalencia para ensayar la reconstrucción del contexto de este corpus, así como las marcas propias del género poético, dejando de lado cuestiones formales como la métrica y la rima. En cuanto al método filológico, la investigación y análisis prescinden de la ortografía del español medieval para adaptarla a los tiempos modernos, tomando solo aquellos términos que puedan responder a la estética y escritura de la Edad Media. Cada texto en lengua original se presenta junto a su traducción para ser tratados de forma espejada y avanzar con el análisis desde el mencionado marco teórico.; This research analyses a selection of lyrical texts belonging to the Sicilian School, which allows us to reflect on translation problems from an ancient literary language into a modern one. The research is based on inquiring about issues arising out of the translation of specific lexicon, and how it would take us to the cultural code of those texts. We consider the concepts and themes of the Troubadours poetry and the Castilian cult poetry to reconstruct the medieval cultural universe once they are translated into Spanish. The study is based on the cultural translation method and the equivalence theory in order to attempt a context reconstruction in this corpus and to reproduce the characteristics of the lyrical genre, disregarding formal issues as metrics and rime. The analysis does not consider the medieval Spanish orthography when adapting it to modern times, considering only specific terms related to aesthetics and writing in the Middle Ages. Each text is presented in the original language alongside its translation to be examined together from the previously mentioned theoretical framework.

Entre lógicas estatales de gestión y demandas indígenas de clasificación: El reconocimiento de los pueblos kolla y diaguita en la Provincia de Salta (1984-2003); Between state management logics and indigenousdemands for classification: the recognition of thekollas and diaguitas peoples in the province of Salta(1984-2003) Sabio Collado, María Victoria; Milana, Maria Paula Este artículo analiza el proceso de reconocimiento formal de los pueblos diaguita y kolla en la Provincia de Salta, cuyas pertenencias indígenas no fueron consideradas por los organismos indigenistas locales sino hasta principios del siglo XXI. Para ello aborda un conjunto de políticas estatales de orden censal y legislativo, en contrapunto con agencias involucradas en procesos organizativos indígenas, tanto en los Valles Calchaquíes como en los Valles Interandinos, en un lapso de dos décadas (1983-2003). Se detiene en un evento de 2003 que habilita la incorporación de representantes de ambos pueblos al Instituto Provincial de Pueblos Indígenas de Salta, marcando una inflexión tanto en las luchas colectivas como en la misma lógica de clasificación y administración de las alteridades del Estado provincial.; This article analyses the formal recognition process of diaguita and kolla people in the Province of Salta, whose indigenous identities had not been considered by local institutions until the beginning of the XXI century. To achieve this, legislative and census policies were approached contrary to agencies involved in indigenous organizational processes in two decades (1983 -2003). It concluded in 2003 with an event that resulted in the representative incorporation of both groups to the indigenous institute of Salta. It was a turning point in both collective struggles and in the logical classification and administration of the otherness of the state.

La Escuela Normal como "Espacio de sociabilidad femenina Salta fines del XIX y mediados del XX; The Normal School as a “Space for female sociability. Salta late nineteenth and mid twentieth Maciel, María Magdalena; Guantay Estrabis, Sofía El trabajo aborda la Escuela Normal “Gral. Manuel Belgrano” a fin de delinear un primer esbozo acerca de la configuración de sociabilidades en Salta hacia fines del siglo XIX, y mediados del XX. Interesa ubicar a la Escuela Normal como espacio de sociabilidad, esto implica considerar que la institución educativa, se posicionó como establecimiento de instrucción donde jóvenes salteñas – en su mayoría- pertenecientes a los círculos de la élite, se formaron, y establecieron vínculos. En este sentido, interesa, rastrear quienes fueron las que accedieron a estos círculos, a que sectores de la sociedad pertenecieron, y cuáles fueron los caminos que recorrieron tras su egreso.; The work addresses the Normal School “Gral. Manuel Belgrano” in order to outline a first sketch about the configuration of sociabilities in Salta towards the end of the 19th century, and the middle of the 20th. It is interesting to locate the Normal School as a space for sociability, this implies considering that the educational institution was positioned as an educational establishment where young people from Salta - mostly - belonging to elite circles, were formed, and established links. In this sense, it is interesting to trace who were the ones who accessed these circles, to which sectors of society they belonged, and what were the paths they traveled after graduation.

La construcción interaccional de espacios de enseñanza-aprendizaje del español/castellano como L2 en contexto indígena; The interactional construction of teaching-learning spaces of Spanish as L2 in an indigenous context Unamuno, Virginia La enseñanza del español como segunda lengua (en adelante, L2) en contexto escolar indígena noestá explícitamente regulada en Argentina. Sin embargo, esto no implica que no existan espaciosen los cuales esta lengua se enseñe a personas que ingresan al sistema escolar sin conocerla oconociéndola fragmentariamente. En este trabajo, a partir de una mirada interaccional de laenseñanza-aprendizaje de segundas lenguas, se analizan diferentes clases con estudiantes wichipara mostrar cómo el español es tratado en las aulas. Por un lado, aulas monogestionadas (dondequien enseña es bilingüe); por otro, aulas bigestionadas (donde enseñan juntas una personabilingüe y una persona monolingüe (en español). El análisis se detiene particularmente enidentificar secuencias discursivas en las cuales el español se constituye en objeto de aprendizaje,contrastando ambos tipos de clases. Sus resultados muestran que, en unas y otras, existenmomentos en que la interacción se detiene para ajustar las relaciones entre repertorios disponibles(en español) y repertorios necesarios para la resolución de la tarea escolar. Sin embargo, lasprimeras clases, en las cuales enseña una persona bilingüe autónomamente, parecieran albergarmás momentos de reflexión metalingüística, así como enunciados bilingües que contextualizan losusos del castellano y permitirían una apropiación más significativa de este.; The teaching of Spanish as an L2 in schools in indigenous contexts is not explicitly regulated in Argentina. However, this does not imply that there are no spaces where Spanish is learnt by people who have partial or no knowledge of it. In this paper, based on an interactional approach to second language teaching and learning, we analyze lessons with Wichi students in order to show how Spanish is treated in their classrooms. To this end, two cases are explored: (i) those in which the teacher is bilingual, and (ii) those in which the lesson is delivered by both a bilingual teacher and a monolingual Spanish-speaking teacher. Concretely, the analysis focuses on identifying discursive sequences in which Spanish constitutes the object of learning, contrasting both types of classrooms. The results show that, in both dynamics/cases, there are moments in which the interaction stops to adjust the relations between available repertoires (in Spanish) and those necessary for the resolution of the school task. Nevertheless, in the lessons taught by autonomous bilingual teachers, there seem to be more instances of metalinguistic reflection and bilingual speech that contextualize the use of Spanish and allow for a more meaningful appropriation of it.

Mar Chiquita y sus localidades, cambios y continuidades en su dinámica demográfica y territorial (1991-2010); Mar Chiquita and its localities, changes and continuities in demographic and territorial dynamics Parracone, Leandro Agustin; Ares, Sofía Estela En el sudeste bonaerense, el partido de Mar Chiquita atraviesa desde hace algunas décadas numerosas transformaciones territoriales. En tal sentido, el objetivo es analizar la dinámica demográfica de las localidades de este distrito entre 1991 y 2010. La metodología es cuantitativa, basada en información de los Censos Nacionales de Población, Hogares y Viviendas. A partir del cálculo de indicadores demográficos se observan en el período 1991-2010 continuidades y rupturas en cuanto al poblamiento de las localidades, dejando en evidencia cambios en cuanto a las formas de habitar. Los poblados situados en el corredor de la Autovía 2 presentan distintos ritmos de crecimiento, en algunos casos negativos, mientras que las ubicadas sobre el corredor de la Ruta Provincial 11 presentan tasas de crecimiento positivas con ritmos acelerados.; In the southeast of Buenos Aires, the Mar Chiquita district has been going through numerous territorial transformations in the last years. In this sense, the objective is to analyze the demographic dynamics of the localities of this district between 1991 and 2010. The methodology is quantitative, based on information from National Population Censuses. The demographic indicators obtained show continuities and breaks in the settlement of the localities and changes in the ways of living. The towns located on Highway No. 2 show different growth rates, in some cases negative, while those located on Provincial Route No. 11 show accelerated growth.

Movilidad urbana y accesibilidad en clave de género: El caso de lxs trabajadorxs de Textilana en el Partido de General Pueyrredon; Urban mobility and accessibility in terms of gender: The case of Textilana workers in the General Pueyrredon District Marioli, Eliana Margarita El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar las características de la industria textil a nivel nacionaly, fundamentalmente, a escala local; más precisamente las condiciones laborales, en tantomovilidad y accesibilidad de lxs trabajadorxs a sus lugares de trabajo. Para ello, se analizaráel caso de la planta de la empresa textil marplatense Textilana. Para dar cuenta de esto, serealizará un mapeo de los domicilios de lxs trabajadorxs, vinculando sus localizaciones con lade la empresa y el trazado del sistema público de transporte urbano colectivo de pasajerxs intrae interurbano del Partido de General Pueyrredón. Con este fin, se utilizará una base de datosde elaboración propia, construida a partir de los expedientes judiciales de los tribunales detrabajo 1 y 2 de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, desde 2007 hasta 2019. El enfoque de este trabajoes interseccional, puesto que el sector analizado cuenta con una amplia presencia de mujeresque se encuentran doblemente vulneradas por su condición de género -mujer- y de clase -trabajadora-.; The goal of this work is to address the characteristics of the textile industry at the national level and, fundamentally, at the local level; more precisely the working conditions, in terms of mobility and accessibility of workers to their workplaces. For this, the case of the plant of the textile company Textilana will be analyzed. To account for this, a mapping of the homes of the workers will be carried out, linking their locations with that of the company and the intra- and inter-urban public transport route of the General Pueyrredón District. To this end, a self-made database will be used, built from the judicial files of Labor Courts 1 and 2 of the city of Mar del Plata, from 2007 to 2019. The focus of this work is intersectional, since the analyzed sector has a large presence of women who are doubly vulnerable due to their gender -women- and class - worker- status.

Quartz chemistry of granitic pegmatites: Implications for classification, genesis and exploration Müller, Axel; Keyser, William; Simmons, William B.; Webber, Karen; Wise, Michael; Beurlen, Hartmut; Garate Olave, Idoia; Roda Robles, Encarnación; Galliski, Miguel Angel Quartz from 254 pegmatites representing eight pegmatite fields and provinces worldwide was investigated by laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to determine concentrations of trace elements Al, Ti, Li, Ge, B, Be, Rb, Na, K, Ca, P, Ga, Sb, Zn and U. A total of 271 new analyses combined with 535 published LA-ICP-MS quartz chemistry data were evaluated with binary and ternary trace element discrimination plots and principal component analysis (PCA). The classifications applied for discrimination of pegmatite types include the widely applied NYF(Nb-Y-F) - LCT(Li-Cs-Ta) classification and the new RMG (pegmatites derived from residual melts of granite magmatism) - DPA (pegmatites as direct products of anatexis) grouping. Pegmatites of both classifications can be well distinguished via Al-Ti, Al-Li and Al/Ti-Ge/Ti binary trace element plots and the Ti - Al/10 - 10*Ge ternary diagram. PCA applied to Al, Li, Ti, Be, B, Ge and Rb contents in quartz allowed to further distinguish between anatectic DPA-1 (Li-enriched DPA) and granite-pluton-derived RMG-1 (Li-enriched RMG) pegmatites. Some pegmatite fields and provinces (Hagendorf-Pleystein, Oxford County) are distinguishable by region-specific Li, Ge and Al contents. The results imply that the chemistry of pegmatite quartz is mainly controlled by the origin (source rock chemistry) of pegmatite melts and, to a much lesser extent, by the geodynamic setting of the pegmatite fields and provinces. Chemically primitive NYF and DPA-2 type pegmatites contain quartz with the lowest total trace-element contents and lowest internal-pegmatite trace-element variation, making it potentially suitable for high-tech application. Pegmatite quartz containing >30 μgg-1 Li and >100 μgg-1 Al is strongly indicative of economic spodumene/montebrasite mineralization and, thus, serves as a strong Li-mineralization pathfinder mineral. Quartz with >5 μgg-1 B may be a potential indicator for gem-quality tourmaline mineralization.

Los labradores de Buenos Aires: control, obligaciones y auxilio entre mediados del siglo XVIII y las primeras décadas del XIX; The farmers of Buenos Aires: control, obligations and assistance between the middle of the 18th century and the first decades of the 19th Pelozatto Reilly, Mauro Luis Este artículo se propone exponer un análisis descriptivo de las intervenciones del Cabildo de Buenos Aires y de las representaciones de los actores sociales clasificados como labradores, sobre distintos asuntos, vinculados con el abasto de productos agrícolas, comercio, precios, almacenamiento, impuestos y actividades productivas, entre otros. Para realizarlo, se revisaron los Acuerdos del Extinguido Cabildo de Buenos Aires. El período estudiado se enmarca entre la intensificación de las Reformas Borbónicas y los primeros efectos económicos de las Guerras de Independencia.; This article aims to present a descriptive analysis of the interventions of the Cabildo of Buenos Aires and of the representations of social actors classified as farmers, on different issues, related to the supply of agricultural products, trade, prices, storage, taxes and productive activities, among others. To do so, the Agreements of the extinct Buenos Aires were reviewed. The period studied is framed between the intensification of the Bourbon Reforms and the first economic effects of the Wars of the Independence

Criminalización y jóvenes en Argentina: Reflexiones sobre la situación penal y alternativas al encierro carcelario; Criminalization and youth in Argentina: Reflections on the criminal situation and alternatives to prison confinement Otero, Analia; Barrera, Yael Históricamente y hasta nuestros días, los varones de sectores populares constituyen un grupo poblacional preponderante en el sistema carcelario argentino. En este artículo nos ocuparemos de reflexionar sobre la vinculación existente entre sectores populares y sistema penal punitivo. Partiendo de ello, el objetivo es analizar en base a las estadísticas disponibles y los distintos aportes teóricos relacionados con los estudios sobre el castigo y la sociedad, cual es la particularidad que adquiere el encierro y el castigo penal para los jóvenes varones pobres. Asimismo, se apuntan alternativas al encierro carcelario señalando fundamentalmente la creación de cooperativas que resultan ejemplos concretos del contexto local, como la Cooperativa Kbrones, Cooperativa Esquina Libertad y la Cooperativa de trabajo VTF Visión Futuro y Trabajo Limitada. Es así que para reflexionar sobre las modalidades de enfrentar y morigerar los efectos nocivos de la institución carcelaria se rescatan algunas de esas experiencias.; Historically and to this day, men from popular sectors constitute a preponderant population group in the Argentine prison system. In this article we will take care of reflecting on the existing link between popular sectors and the punitive penal system. Based on this, the objective is to analyze, based onthe available statistics and the different theoretical contributions related to studies on punishment and society, what is the particularity that confinement and criminal punishment acquires for poor young men. Likewise, alternatives to prison confinement are pointed out, fundamentally pointing out the creation of cooperatives that are concrete examples of the local context, such as the Kbrones Cooperative, the Esquina Libertad Cooperative and the VTF Vision Future and Limited Work Cooperative. Thus, in order to reflect on the modalities of facing and mitigating the harmful effects of the prison institution, some of those experiences are rescued.

Política y represión. Un estudio empírico del reclutamiento de intendentes en la provincia de Buenos Aires durante la última dictadura cívico-militar (Argentina, 1976-1983); Politics and repression. An empirical study of the recruitment of mayors in the province of Buenos Aires during the last civil-military dictatorship (Argentina, 1976-1983) Canelo, Paula Vera The article carries out an empirical study of the recruitment of mayors in the province of Buenos Aires during the last civil-military dictatorship in Argentina. First, it analyses the evolution of the process of militarisation of the recruitment of the highest municipal authorities between 1976 and 1983. Second, it studies the link between the designation of political authorities and three factors considered strategic from a military point of view: population density, industrial population and higher education or university student population in each municipality. Finally, it takes stock of the general characteristics of Buenos Aires mayors, in terms of origin, distribution, previous experience and stability between 1976 and 1983.El artículo realiza un estudio empírico del reclutamiento de intendentes en la provincia de Buenos Aires durante la última dictadura cívico-militar argentina. Primero, analiza la evolución del proceso de militarización del reclutamiento de las máximas autoridades municipales entre 1976 y 1983. Segundo, estudia el vínculo entre designación de autoridades políticas y tres factores considerados estratégicos desde el punto de vista militar: la densidad poblacional, la población industrial y la población estudiantil superior o universitaria, en cada municipio. Finalmente, realiza un balance de las características generales de los intendentes bonaerenses, en términos de procedencia, distribución, experiencia previa y estabilidad entre 1976 y 1983.; : El artículo realiza un estudio empírico del reclutamiento de intendentes en la provincia de Buenos Aires durante la última dictadura cívico-militar argentina. Primero, analiza la evolución del proceso de militarización del reclutamiento de las máximas autoridades municipales entre 1976 y 1983. Segundo, estudia el vínculo entre designación de autoridades políticas y tres factores considerados estratégicos desde el punto de vista militar: la densidad poblacional, la población industrial y la población estudiantil superior o universitaria, en cada municipio. Finalmente, realiza un balance de las características generales de los intendentes bonaerenses, en términos de procedencia, distribución, experiencia previa y estabilidad entre 1976 y 1983.

The effect of physical and biological variables upon condition of Merluccius hubbsi (age-0+) of the northern stock (argentine shelf, SW Atlantic Ocean) Temperoni, Brenda; Luz Clara Tejedor, Moira; Berghoff, Carla Florencia; Derisio, Carla María; Massa, Agueda Elena Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi is one of the most important fishery resources in the Argentinean Continental Shelf (ACS; SW Atlantic Ocean). In the last decades, the Northern stock (34°30′-41°S) has supported a drastic biomass decreasing due to overexploitation. Since the strength of a year class is highly influenced by the survival of age-0+ individuals, studies on their nutritional condition are essential. Age-0+ northern hake nurse in a highly complex oceanographic and ecological system, where environmentally-driven changes upon their physiological status are expected. Hence, several condition (relative condition factor, hepatosomatic index, liver lipid content) and feeding (prey intake) indices were combined with physical (temperature, salinity) and biological (chlorophyll-a concentration, prey abundance) variables to determine spatial variations in age-0+ hake nutritional status. Better conditioned individuals inhabited areas of the study region where chlorophyll-a concentration and zooplanktonic prey abundance exhibited their maximum. A bottom-up control of age-0+ hake physiological status is suggested, mediated by the consumption of the herbivorous euphausiid Euphausia lucens, which was the preferred prey. These lipid-rich prey would be beneficial with respect to other available options in the environment, such as hyperid amphipods. Results complement previous observations upon individuals of the Patagonian stock, and provide a thorough insight into age-0+ Northern hake nutritional status, significantly contributing to M. hubbsi recruitment studies and management in the ACS.

Differential responses in spider oviposition on crop-edge gradients in agroecosystems with different management Pompozzi, Gabriel Alejandro; Marrero, Hugo Javier; Panchuk, Justina; Graffigna, Sofia; Haedo, Joana Paola; Martinez, Lucia Carolina; Torretta, Juan Pablo Semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes offer reproduction and feeding sites for natural predators of pests. Spiders are among the most abundant and diverse generalist predators and can efficiently suppress pest populations in agroecosystems. However, despite the importance of these habitats, there is a significant gap of knowledge on oviposition sites of spiders in agroecosystems. Our main goal was to investigate if semi-natural habitats play an important role in spider oviposition in two crops with different agricultural managements. Our specific objectives were to estimate where spider oviposition is highest (in semi-natural habitats or in crops); if there are different responses between crops (alfalfa and soybeans); and to measure trap-nests efficiency as shelter and breeding places for vegetation-dwelling spiders. We used trap-nest technique, a novel method to collect spiders and their eggsacs. We carried out the study in 15 sites in soybean and 10 sites in alfalfa crops in order to sample spiders’ eggsacs and shelters. Each sampled site consisted of a semi-natural habitat (enclosures or edges) and its adjacent crop. We found that the number of eggsacs decreased from semi-natural habitats towards the interior of the soybean crop and the opposite pattern in alfalfa, where the number of eggsacs significantly increased within the crop. Our results provide evidence that spider reproduction takes place outside the crops, albeit only in soybean crops. Our findings were different in alfalfa with minimum use of agrochemicals and with a lesser seasonal disturbance, with a higher spider oviposition compared to semi-natural habitats. In addition, our results have several important implications for the management of agroecosystems. We consider that the use of these trap-nests is a suitable and a reliable tool to study vegetation-dwelling spiders in different ecosystems.

Long-term effectiveness and adverse effects of ketogenic diet therapy in infants with drug-resistant epilepsy treated at a single center in Argentina Armeno, Marisa; Verini, Antonella; Caballero, María Eugenia; Cresta, Araceli; Reyes Valenzuela, Gabriela; Caraballo, Roberto Horacio Introduction: Ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) is a metabolic treatment with proven effectiveness for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children. Although previously not used in infants under 2 years of age, recent studies have shown KDT to be highly effective and well tolerated in infants with epilepsy, especially those with epileptic encephalopathies. Here, we describe the effectiveness and tolerability of the diet in infants up to 2 years of age. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of infants younger than 2 years of age with drug-resistant epilepsy who received the classic ketogenic diet using a specific protocol at a single center in Argentina. Results: 56 infants with treatment-refractory epilepsy were evaluated. The etiology was genetic in 21.4%, structural in 28.6%, unknown in 44.7%, and metabolic in 5.4%. At 3 months, a > 50% decrease in seizure frequency was observed in 35 patients (62.4%), of whom 11 (19.6%) became seizure free. At 6 months, 34 patients (60.7%) had a decrease in seizure frequency of > 50%, of whom 10 (17.8%) were seizure free. At the one-year follow-up, 27 patients (48.2%) had a > 50% decrease in seizure frequency, of whom six (10.7%) were seizure free. At two years, 14 patients (25%) had a > 50% seizure control, of whom four (7.1%) were seizure free. The most common early adverse effects were hypoglycemia and vomiting, while after 1 month and beyond metabolic acidosis, vomiting, and constipation more commonly found. A trend towards a higher rate of acute adverse events in infants younger than 1 year was observed. Conclusions: CKD showed to be a useful option in infants with treatment-resistant epilepsy. Adverse effects were common, but not a reason to discontinue the diet. Further studies are necessary to evaluate in which epilepsy syndromes and etiologies KDT is most effective.

La "cuestión" del acceso a tierra de la Agricultura Familiar en el Cinturón Hortícola de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina); The "issue" of access to land for Family Farming in the Horticultural Belt of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) Mosca, Valeria Ana A través de la utilización de fuentes primarias –recolectadas mediante entrevistas y observaciones participantes- y secundarias –relevamiento de datos censales y estadísticos así como sistematización de bibliografía existente sobre la temática- y basados en una metodología cualitativa, en este artículo buscamos analizar cómo se expresa la cuestión del acceso a tierra de la agricultura familiar en un territorio específico: el Cinturón Hortícola Platense. Para ello hemos buscado responder, por un lado, cuáles son los actores/actividades con las que la agricultura familiar entra en competencia por la tierra, y por otro, cuáles son las modalidades en que accede a la tierra este actor en la actualidad. Luego de haber definido ello veremos las problemáticas de acceso a tierra como condicionantes estructurales en la calidad de vida y modalidad de producción de los agricultores familiares.; Through the use of primary sources - collected through interviews and participant observations - and secondary sources - gathering census and statistical data as well as systematizing existing bibliography on the subject - and based on a qualitative methodology, in this article we seek to analyze how the issue of access to family agriculture land is expressed in a specific territory: The Horticultural Belt of La Plata. To this end, we have sought to answer, on the one hand, which are the actors / activities with which the family agriculture enters into competition for the land, and on the other, what are the modalities in which the family agriculture has access to the land at present. After having defined this, we will see how the problems of access to land are expressed as structural conditions in the quality of life and production modality of family farmers.