Uncovering Causes of Childhood Death Using the Minimally Invasive Autopsy at the Community Level in an Urban Vulnerable Setting of Argentina: A Population-Based Study Caballero, Mauricio Tomás; Diaz Grigaites, Sebastian; de la Iglesia Niveyro, Paola Ximena; Esperante, Sebastian; Bianchi, Alejandra M.; Nuño, Alejandra; Valle, Sandra; Afarian, Gabriela; Ferretti, Adrian Julio Pantaleon; Baglivo, Sofia Jares; De Luca, Julian; Zea, Cristian M; Caporal, Paula; Labanca, Maria Jose; Diamanti, Adriana; Álvarez Paggi, Damián Jorge; Bassat, Quique; Polack, Fernando Pedro; Carballo, Ana M; Hernandez, Gabriela; Figueroa, Paola; Ares, Patricia E.; Rodriquez Paquete, Cesar A. Background: Precise determination of the causal chain that leads to community deaths in children in low-and middle-income countries is critical to estimating all causes of mortality accurately and to planning preemptive strategies for targeted allocation of resources to reduce this scourge. Methods: An active surveillance population-based study that combined minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) and verbal autopsies (VA) among children under 5 was conducted in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from September 2018 to December 2020 to define the burden of all causes of community deaths. Results: Among 90 cases enrolled (86% of parental acceptance), 81 had complete MITS, 15.6% were neonates, 65.6% were post-neonatal infants, and 18.9% were children aged 1-5 years. Lung infections were the most common cause of death (CoD) in all age groups (57.8%). Among all cases of lung infections, acute bronchiolitis was the most common CoD in infants aged <12 months (23 of 36, 63.9%), and bacterial pneumonia was the most common cause in children aged >12 months (8 of 11, 72.7%). The most common comorbid condition in all age groups was undernutrition in 18 of 90 (20%). It was possible to find an immediate CoD in 78 of 81 subjects where MITS could be done. With this combined approach, we were able to determine that sudden infant death syndrome was overestimated in state reports. Conclusions: CoD determination by a combination of MITS and VA provides an accurate estimation of the chain of events that leads to death, emphasizing possible interventions to prevent mortality in children.

Deforestación de bosques nativos y acumulación por desposesión: el caso de Santiago del Estero, Argentina (1998-2019); Déforestation des forêts indigènes et accumulation par dépossession : le cas de Santiago del Estero, Argentine (1998-2019); Deforestation of native forests and accumulation by dispossession: the case of Santiago del Estero, Argentina (1998-2019) Gómez Lende, Sebastián Durante las últimas décadas, la deforestación se ha convertido en una grave problemática en Argentina. Santiago del Estero, la provincia más deforestada del país, actualmente lidera el ranking mundial de desmontes. Utilizando fuentes oficiales, bibliografía académica e información periodística, este trabajo analiza la destrucción del bosque nativo en esa provincia entre 1998 y 2019 para demostrar que este proceso implicó una acumulación por desposesión basada en el despojo ecológico, la usurpación de tierras, la destrucción de formas subalternas de producción, las redistribuciones estatales y el ejercicio del fraude, la violencia y la ilegalidad. Los resultados muestran una clara relación entre los desmontes, la expansión de la frontera agropecuaria, el saqueo de tierras, la expulsión de campesinos y pueblos originarios, la violencia rural, la mercantilización de la naturaleza, la apropiación privada de recursos públicos y la tala clandestina financiada por el Estado.; Au cours des dernières décennies, la déforestation est devenue un grave problème en Argentine. Santiago del Estero, la province la plus déboisée du pays, est actuellement en tête du classement mondial de dégagement. En utilisant des sources officielles, bibliographie académique et informations journalistiques, ce travail analyse la destruction de la forêt autochtone dans cette province entre 1998 et 2019 pour démontrer que ce processus a impliqué une accumulation par dépossession basée sur le pillage écologique, l’usurpation des terres, la destruction des formes de production subalternes, les redistributions de l’État et l’exercice de la fraude, la violence et l’illégalité. Les résultats montrent une relation claire entre le dégagement, l’expansion de la frontière agricole, le pillage des terres, l’expulsion des paysans et des aborigènes, la violence rurale, la marchandisation de la nature, l’appropriation privée des ressources publiques et l’abattage incontrôlé financé par l’État.; During the last decades, deforestation has become a serious matter in Argentina. Santiago del Estero, the most deforested province in the country, currently leads the world ranking of clearings. By using official data, scholar bibliography, and journalistic information, this paper analyzes the destruction of the Santiago del Estero’s native forest between 1998 and 2019. The aim is to demonstrate that such phenomena have implied a process of accumulation by dispossession rooted in the ecological looting, the land’s disappropriation, the destruction of subaltern forms of production, the state redistributions, and actions of fraud, violence, and illegality. The results show a clear relationship between the clearings, the expansion of the agricultural and livestock frontier, the looting of lands, the expulsion of peasants and aborigines and the increase of rural violence, as well as the commodification of nature, the private appropriation of public resources and the growth of illegal deforestation financed by the State.

Religión, creencias conspirativas e ideología política como predictores del apoyo a la gestión gubernamental de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Argentina; Religion, conspiracy beliefs and political ideology as predictors of support toward national gov ernment measures against COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina Rabbia, Hugo Hernán Se analiza el apoyo genérico de la ciudadanía argentina a la gestión gubernamental de la pandemia por COVID-19 explorando el rol predictivo de la ideología política, la religiosidad, así como la adhesión a creencias conspirativas respecto al coronavirus. Para ello, se realizó un estudio transversal a partir de un cuestionario difundido por redes sociales entre junio y agosto de 2020, y completado por N= 952 personas de Argentina. El mismo surgió de un estudio comparativo internacional que buscó replicar la encuesta Coronavirus, Bienestar y Religión (COBIRE, México). A partir de análisis descriptivos bivariados y de regresión múltiple, se advierte que el auto posicionamiento hacia la derecha del espectro ideológico constituye la principal variable predictora del rechazo a las medidas gubernamentales de aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO), seguida por la adhesión a creencias conspirativas sobre el coronavirus, la creencia global de un mundo justo y menores niveles de responsabilidad colectiva.; The paper analyzes the generic support of Argentine citizens for government management of the COVID-19 pandemic, exploring the predictive role of political ideology, religiosity, and the adherence to conspiracy beliefs regarding the coronavirus. It was a cross-sectional study based on data from a questionnaire disseminated on social networks between June and August 2020 and fulfilled by N= 952 people from Argentina. It consisted of on an international comparative study that sought to replicate the Coronavirus, Welfare and Religion survey (COBIRE, Mexico). Based on bivariate descriptive analysis and multiple regression, it is noted that self-placement to the right of the ideological spectrum constitutes the main predictor variable of rejection of government measures of social, preventive, and compulsory lockdown (ASPO in spanish), followed by adherence to beliefs conspiracies about the coronavirus, the global belief in a just world and lower levels of collective responsibility.

Digitalización, gobierno y complejidad de comunicación y salud en pandemia COVID-19; Digitalization, government and complexity communication and health in COVID-19 pandemic Rodríguez Zoya, Paula Gabriela El artículo aborda la pandemia COVID-19 como coyuntura compleja que genera transformaciones en distintos ámbitos de la vida. El objetivo es reflexionar sobre los cambios y desafíos que plantea el escenario de pandemia respecto de tres núcleos problemáticos: la aceleración de las dinámicas de digitalización de diversas prácticas sociales y de salud, el gobierno y las políticas públicas de salud, y el carácter complejo y multidimensional de las problemáticas que suscita la pandemia. Se trata de un artículo ensayístico de reflexión teórica que pone de relieve la centralidad y el entrelazamiento de la comunicación y la salud en cada núcleo problematizado. Se afirma la relevancia de un abordaje complejo e interdisciplinario para la gestión social, sanitaria y gubernamental de la pandemia.; This paper addresses the COVID-19 pandemic as a complex situation that generates transformations in different areas of life. The aim of this work is to reflect on the changes and challenges posed by the pandemic with respect to three problematic axes: the acceleration of the dynamics of digitization of social and health practices, the government and public health policies, and the complex and multidimensional nature of problems that pandemic brings about. It is an essay article of theoretical reflection that highlights the centrality and intertwining of communication and health in each problematic axes. We claim the relevance of a complex and interdisciplinary approach for the social, sanitary and governmental managing of the pandemic.

Análisis del manejo de las especies de tucuras (Orthoptera: Acrididae), plaga del agro en el partido de Laprida, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Analysis of the management of grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae), agricultural pest in Laprida county, Buenos Aires, Argentina Mancini, Micaela Anahí; Mariottini, Yanina Las tucuras se encuentran entre los insectos dominantes en la mayoría de los sistemas de pastizal. Las comunidades de estos insectos exhiben variaciones temporales en la distribución y abundancia de sus especies, y durante años de explosiones poblacionales (outbreaks), causan sustanciales pérdidas económicas en pasturas implantadas y cultivos. En el área de estudio, partido de Laprida, como en otras zonas de la provincia de Buenos Aires esta problemática es reconocida desde el siglo pasado. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el manejo de tucuras plaga realizado por los productores e instituciones vinculadas al agro en el partido de Laprida. Para ello se utilizaron métodos cualitativos (entrevistas y observación documental) y cuantitativos (encuestas). El 80% de los productores encuestados considera que las tucuras representan una de las principales plagas de la región, y el 60% de los mismos aplica insecticidas químicos sobre estos insectos, principalmente en cultivos. No obstante, solamente el 12.8% de los encuestados conoce un control alternativo al químico, tal como el control biológico. La mayoría de los entrevistados admiten la importancia de implementar controles preventivos mediante monitoreos sistemáticos de tucuras y tratamientos localizados en zonas de riesgo. Además, los entrevistados mostraron interés por implementar estrategias más seguras para el medioambiente, tales como el control biológico.; Grasshoppers are among the dominant insects in most grassland systems. These insects’ communities tend to exhibit temporal variations in the distribution and abundance of their species, and during outbreak years cause important economic loss in both implanted pastures and crops. In the study area, Laprida county, as well as in other areas of Buenos Aires province, this pest problem has been recognized since last century. The aim of this study was to analyze the pest management of grasshoppers made by farmers and related institutions in Laprida using both qualitative (interviews and documentary observation) and quantitative methods (surveys). About 80% of surveyed farmers considered that grasshoppers are the main pest in the region, and 60% of them apply chemical insecticides against this pest, mainly on crops. Besides, only 12.8% of surveyed farmers are aware of nonchemical alternatives for pest control, such us biological control and natural enemies. Most of the interviewed farmers acknowledged the importance of preventive management through systematic grasshopper monitoring and spot treatments in risky areas. Additionally, farmers showed interest in the implementation of more environmentally-safer strategies such as biological control.

Tissue distribution and sublethal effects of imidacloprid in the South American grayish baywing (Agelaioides badius) Poliserpi, María Belén; Cristos, Diego Sebastián; Pérez Iglesias, Juan Manuel; Brodeur, Celine Marie Julie The neonicotinoids are globally used insecticides, which have been shown to cause negative impacts on birds. The current study aimed to evaluate the distribution of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (IMI) in the tissues of a songbird and identify related physiological effects. Adults of the grayish baywing (Agelaioides baduis) were administered with a single dose of 35 mg IMI/kg, and the IMI concentration was evaluated in liver, kidney and plasma at 4, 12, 24, and 48 h after dosing. At the same time points, effects on hematological, genetic and enzymatic parameters were assessed. Results showed that IMI was absorbed before 4 h, and eliminated at 48 h, in every tissue, and the highest concentrations were detected in plasma. Baywings showed intoxication signs and reduced mobility within the first 5 min post-dosing. Hematological parameters: red blood cells, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and their derived indices exhibited a transient elevation 24 h after dosing, which coincided with maximum concentrations of IMI in the tissues. No effects were observed on the genotoxicity parameters evaluated: micronuclei and comet assay. Treated birds exhibited an alteration of cholinesterases activity in the muscle and plasma, and of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in the plasma, brain, liver, and muscle. Based on the results obtained, the combined detection of IMI and inhibition of GST activity in the plasma is suggested as a non-lethal biomarker of IMI exposure in wild birds. As efficient field monitoring depends on the availability of proven biomarkers, the current study provides valuable tools for bird conservation in agroecosystems.

Itinerarios truncos: Recorridos por las huellas de las esclavizadas en el Río de la Plata (1713-1813); Truncated routes: Tour through traces of the enslaved women in the river de la plata (1713-1813) Moriconi, Miriam Susana El artículo analiza las movilidades físicas de mujeres africanas o afrodescendientes esclavizadas que transitaron el espacio rioplatense en el período que se extiende desde 1713 a 1813. A partir del relevamiento en protocolos notariales, expedientes judiciales y tramitaciones de licencia para salir de las ciudades se reconstruyen trayectos recorridos por mujeres identificadas con marcadores raciales y condición jurídica que se desplazaron solas, en compañía de otra persona o en pequeños grupos, con o sin consentimiento de sus propietarios y propietarias. La investigación deja a un lado las experiencias de movilidad más extremas como son la travesía atlántica y el gran cimarronaje colectivo. El análisis hace foco en los desplazamientos de baja intensidad para observar las modulaciones de sus movilidades –compulsivas, coactivas, reactivas, voluntarias– y sus contrapuntos con la restricción y anulación de las posibilidades de desplazamiento. La tipología, si bien arbitraria, resulta operativa para detectar los diversos engranajes que se activaron en cada una de estas modalidades y visibilizar mecanismo de racialización con perspectiva de género.; This article analyzes the physical movements of enslaved African or Afro-descendant women who crossed the Río Plata area in the period from 1713 to 1813. From the survey in notarial protocols, court records and licensing procedures to leave the cities, routes are reconstructed traveled by women identified with racial markers and legal status who moved alone, in the company of another person or in small groups, with or without the consent of their owners. The research leaves aside the most extreme experiences of mobility such as the Atlantic crossing and the great collective maroon. The analysis focuses on low-intensity displacements to observe the modulations of their mobilities –compulsive, coercive, reactive, voluntary– and their counterpoints with the restriction and cancellation of displacement possibilities. The typology, although arbitrary, is operative to detect the various gears that were activated in each of these modalities and to make visible the mechanism of racialization with a gender perspective.

Canciones patagonicas: Totémicas y Festivas (1963) Dominguez, Verónica Soledad; Orden, María Emilia En este trabajo presentamos el documento inédito CANCIONES PATAGÓNICAS. Totémicas y Festivas cantadas por Shakteo y registradas en 1963 por el presbítero Salesiano de Don Bosco (SDB) Manuel Jesús Molina. Esta fuente se encuentra resguardada en el Archivo Histórico Salesiano ARS, Sede Bahía Blanca, Argentina (AHS ARS / BB). Hacia fines del siglo XIX, desde la congregación salesiana, Molina realizó documentaciones lingüísticas sobre las lenguas de la Patagonia. Fue un integrante de esta agencia que, en el siglo XX, continuó con esta práctica de colecta en las comunidades con las que se vinculó. Este documento es un testimonio, por un lado, del arte verbal del pueblo günün a küna y también de las formas de documentación e instrumentos empleados en el registro de las lenguas y las culturas de la Patagonia.

A new Interatheriinae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the Cerro Boleadoras Formation (Santa Cruz, Argentina) and the evolution of the tarsus within the lineage during the Miocene Vera, Bárbara Soledad; Scarano, Alejo Carlos; Reguero, Marcelo Alfredo Interatheres (Interatheriinae; Notoungulata) from the Cerro Boleadoras Formation, north-west of Santa Cruz Province (Argentina) are described here for the first time. Boleatherium praeludium gen. et sp. nov. is described from a partial skeleton and is characterized by a singular combination of exclusive characters (p1 longer than p2, p3 and p4; lingual trigonid?talonid contact in p24 and m23), ancestral features (p2 longer than the p3 and p4, with well-developed talonid), and derived traits (triangular talonid, short trigonid?talonid contact in lower molars). In the Cerro Boleadorasfauna, we also recognize Protypotherium aff. colloncurensis (upper and lower dentition, and limb bones), Interatheriinae gen. sp. A (lower molars) comparable to P. cf. P. endiadys, and Interatheriinae gen. sp. B (tarsal bones) comparable to P. colloncurensis. The configuration of tarsal bones of B. praeludium and Protypotherium aff. colloncurensis reveals an intermediate evolutionary stage between the foot of early Miocene representatives (e.g. P. australe) and the foot of late Miocene members (e.g. Miocochilius anomopodus). In terms of phylogenetic relationships, B. praeludium forms a polytomy with Caenophilus tripartitus, Juchuysillu arenalesensis, Protypotherium sinclairi and Miocochilius federicoi, which is supported by three synapomorphies. The interathere assemblage described from the Cerro Boleadoras Formation: (1) increases the known diversity of Interatheriinae for the Miocene of southern Patagonia; (2) contributes tothe distinctive endemicity of the Cerro Boleadoras fauna with the recognition of a new taxon; (3) supports a BurdigalianLanghian age for the Cerro Boleadoras fauna based on its taxonomic composition and published dating near the base of the formation; and (4) illuminates the evolutionary changes related to foot into the Interatheriinae lineage during the Miocene.

Paraboeremia yungensis sp. nov., a new fungal species isolated from Las Yungas, South America, with promising tyrosinase production potential Peralta, Maria Patricia; Aliaga, Joaquin; Delgado, Osvaldo Daniel; Fariña, Julia Ines; Lechner, Bernardo Ernesto In the context of a bioprospection programme for tyrosinase/L-DOPA- and melanin-producing fungal strains forbiotechnological purposes, a hyperproducer isolate was obtained from Las Yungas rainforest, a relevant biodiverse ecoregionin North-Western Argentina. The selected strain was preliminarily identified as Paraboeremia sp. This is, to the best of ourknowledge, the first native reported species of this genus in South America. Single-gene and multi-locus analyses of theinternal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal RNA gene region (ITS), partial large subunit 28S nrDNA region (LSU), RNApolymerase II region (RPB2) and partial β-tubulin gene (TUB2) alignments were carried out to define the phylogeneticidentity of this strain. As part of a polyphasic identification approach, these results were combined with morphologicalstudies of active cultures growing on malt extract, oatmeal and potato dextrose agar plates. Incubation was performedunder diverse conditions to stimulate sporulation for the subsequent micromorphological analysis. Microphotographs ofpycnidia and conidia were taken with a scanning electron microscope. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference analysessupported the location of the strain within the genus Paraboeremia, whilst morphological features allowed distinguishing itfrom previously described species within this genus. Based on the results herein reported, the new South-American speciesParaboeremia yungensis is described and proposed.

Excess weight and thinness over two decades (1996–2015) and spatial distribution in children from Jujuy, Argentina Bustamante, María José; Alfaro Gómez, Emma Laura; Dipierri, Jose Edgardo; Román, María Dolores Background: The increase of excess weight around the world is progressive and sustained in children. This is the most prevalent form of malnutrition in this population and they represent the major public health problem in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the magnitude of change in thinness and excess weight prevalence in 4–7 years-old schoolchildren from Jujuy (Argentina), between 1996 and 2015 and to examine the association according to sex and school location. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Data was obtained from databases of School Health programs and it is representative of the city school population. For the analysis, 31,014 schoolchildren between 4 and 7 years old were evaluated, 20,224 from the first period (1996–2001) and 10,790 from the second (2010–2015). The city was partitioned in three different areas determined by the rivers that cross it. Nutritional status was determined by BMI for age with the criteria suggested by the International Obesity Task Force. The percentage of malnutrition change between periods was calculated and a binomial regression model was adjusted. Results: Between periods, a significant (p-value< 0.0001) increase in the prevalence of overweight from 15.1% (CI 14.6–15.6%) to 18.1% (CI 17.4–18.8%) and obesity from 5% (CI 4.7–5.3) to 10.7% (CI 10.1–11.3%), and a decrease of thinness prevalence from 6.3% (CI 6.0–6.7%) to 4.7% (CI 4.3–5.1%) were observed. The percentage of change in the prevalence of obesity was very high in all areas and in both sexes (103.5% girls; 125.6% in boys), being higher in the south for girls (122.4%) and in the north for boys (158.8%). Besides, being a boy was inversely associated with the presence of excess weight and, as the age increases, the presence of obesity does it too. By analyzing the effect of the school location, the south and north zones had an inverse association with the presence of obesity. The period has a direct association with the presence of excess weight. Conclusion: The study contributes with valuable information on the magnitude of the increase in obesity in schoolchildren and suggests a possible correlation with sex and spatial distribution in the capital city of Jujuy.

"Temporada de Revoluciones": Las agencias internacionales de noticias y la política latinoamericana durante la primera guerra fría; “Revolutions are in season”: International news agencies and latinamerican politics during the cold war Espeche Gilardoni, Ximena Las batallas por la información en las revoluciones boliviana y cubana se superponen con las de la Guerra Fría, donde el tópico información/ ideología tiene un rol fundamental. Por ello es clave estudiar las actividades de las agencias internacionales de noticias en la cobertura de ambos sucesos. Me detengo en las acciones de la agencia Associated Press. Analizo su papeleo interno, así como estudios de la UNESCO, y las críticas de los líderes revolucionarios sobre el manejo informativo. Sostengo que se trató de una batalla entre diversos actores por estabilizar la información sobre las características de una revolución latinoamericana, a la vez por definir el interés/desinterés de la noticia sobre la revolución según determinados criterios de análisis, incluyendo los comerciales.; The information battles of the Bolivian and Cuban Revolutions overlaps the ones of the Cold War, where information/ideology topic was fundamental. It is vital to study the international news agencies activities that covered those revolutions. In this case, I will study Associated Press actions. In this battle, several actors participated in the stabilization of the information on the characteristics of a Latin American revolution, based on the selection of news, including commercial ones.

Anxiety, Depression and Anger: Application of a Bifactor Model to Identify Common Symptoms García Batista, Zoilo Emilio; Guerra Peña, Kiero; Flores Kanter, Pablo Ezequiel; Moretti, Luciana Sofía; Medrano, Leonardo Adrián Anger manifestations, depression and anxiety are strongly related to individual´s discomfort and well-being. The aim of the present study is to investigate the fit of a bifactor model applied on emotional disposition measures emphasizing the specification of a general factor through the identification of specific responses or indicators that can account for the communality between depression, anxiety and anger. The results obtained show two large groups of indicators that would be common in these affective disposition types: affective and cognitive responses. On the one hand, affective responses include agitation, irritability, and tension or nervousness. On the other hand, cognitive symptoms are linked to the presence of repetitive worrying and uncontrollable thoughts. In this way, it is possible to identify a general stress response in this group of indicators.

Effect of Thymus vulgaris essential oil on soybeans seeds infected with Pseudomonas syringae Sotelo, Jesica Paola; Oddino, Claudio Marcelo; Giordano, Damian Francisco; Carezzano, Maria Evangelina; Oliva, Maria de Las Mercedes Pseudomonas savastanoi pv glycinea is responsible for bacterial blight in soybean. The control of this phytopathogen usually involves the use of toxic pesticides for the environment that quickly generates bacterial resistance. As an alternative, the application of eco-friendly products such as essential oils (EO) from aromatic plants with antimicrobial activity is being assayed. The aim of this work was to carry out a preliminary study of the antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris EO (TEO) on soybean seeds infected with P. savastanoi pv. glycinea B076 and Pseudomonas syringae M7-C1 in a greenhouse scale. Firstly, the non-phytotoxic concentration of TEO on seeds was determined and then the antimicrobial activity at this concentration on soybean seeds infected with both strains was analyzed. The determinations for this were: germination, plant growth, incidence, severity and effect of EO on the soil microbiome. The non phytotoxic concentration of TEO was 1.76 mg/ml, the germination of the treated seeds was 73%, whereas for the infected seeds it was only 55 and 49%. Bacteria counts in seeds dropped 6 logs when treated with TEO. The growth parameters of the plants were similar in all treatments. The soil microbiome was not affected by EO. The incidence and severity of the disease were significantly lower in the plants that received the seed treatment with TEO.

Predictors of parasite and pathogen infections in urban rodents of central Argentina Fitte, Bruno; Cavia, Regino; Robles, Maria del Rosario; Dellarupe, Andrea; Unzaga, Juan Manuel; Navone, Graciela Teresa Urban rodents are associated with parasites and pathogens, which present health risks forhumans, but information on factors related to parasite and pathogen infection in rodentsin cities of Latin America is scarce. This study analyzes the hosts, host community structureand environmental characteristics of parasite and pathogen fauna present in the three speciesof urban rodents in an urban area of South America. Rodents were captured seasonally inseven different neighborhoods. Digestive tracts were dissected under stereoscopic microscopyand feces were processed using a sedimentation technique. Protozoa and bacteria weredetected through polymerase chain reaction and indirect immunofluorescence techniques.In Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus and Mus musculus, ten helminths, three protozoa andtwo bacteria were found. Six were zoonotic: Toxoplasma gondii; Hymenolepis diminuta;Rodentolepis nana; Strobilocercus fasciolaris; Leptospira borgpetersenii; and Leptospira interrogans. The parasite and pathogen infections were influenced by the host species, the hostcommunity structure, the season, and the presence of streams in the neighborhood. Urbanrodents may be the infection source of many zoonotic diseases and it is important to generatepublic policies for this problem. This study is one example of the situation of many cities ofLatin America, where peripheral neighborhoods are growing dramatically.

Materiales cerámicos de La Ciénega (Departamento de Tafí, Tucumán); Ceramic materials from La Ciénega (Tafí department, Tucuman) Cremonte, Maria Beatriz; Lopez, Valeria Maria del Milagro Se presenta un catálogo de cerámicas procedentes de sitios arqueológicos de la quebrada de LaCiénega datados en el primer milenio de la Era Cristiana. El objetivo de este informe es divulgar lavariabilidad alfarera registrada en La Ciénega como resultado de las investigaciones arqueológicasllevadas a cabo por una de las autoras en la década de 1980, debido a que gran parte de estamaterialidad ha permanecido inédita a lo largo de los años. Como resultado de la selección previade los ejemplares más conspicuos del universo alfarero recuperado, se describen e ilustran 23fragmentos, una vasija pequeña y una figurina zoomorfa, en fichas descriptivas que incorporanestados de atributos morfométricos y decorativos, datos de procedencia y tipológicos. Se espera quela información presentada contribuya a ampliar el conocimiento que actualmente se posee de lasaldeas agropastoriles localizadas en La Ciénega, y sea de utilidad en futuros análisis comparativosque involucren a las distintas manifestaciones culturales de la Tradición Tafí.; A ceramic catalog from archaeological sites located in La Ciénega valley, which are dated from the first millennium of the Christian Era, is presented. The purpose of this report is to spread abroad the pottery variability registered in La Ciénega valley as a result of archaeological researches carried out by one of the authors in the 1980’s, considering that the majority of this materiality has remained unpublished throughout the years. As a result of the previous selection of the most conspicuous specimens of the recovered pottery universe, 23 sherds, one small vessel and one zoomorphic figurine are described and illustrated in descriptive cards which incorporate morphometric and decorative attributes, provenance and typological data. It is expected that the information presented contributes to the knowledge that currently exists about the agropastoralist villages located in La Ciénega, and shows its usefulness in future comparative analyzes that involve different cultural manifestations of the Tafí Tradition.

The Puna Pastoralist System: A Coproduced Landscape in the Central Andes Arzamendia, Yanina; Rojo, Veronica; González, Natividad María; Baldo, Jorge Luis; Zamar, María Inés; Lamas, Hugo Eduardo; Vila, Bibiana Leonor In mountain socioecological systems, the interaction between nature and people is at the core of planning local long-term sustainable development strategies. Pastoralism is the main traditional socioeconomic livelihood in dryland mountains. It is strongly associated with long-established land use practices that provide essential material and relational contributions, both of which shape human populations and nature. The aim of this work is to characterize the traditional pastoralist system of the Puna (northwest Argentina) in a framework that highlights its diverse values and valuations within nature?people coproductions. We use the conceptual framework of the Intergovernmental Science?Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services as a tool to analyze and understand these socioecological systems. We also identify 3 coproduction types at different steps of the benefit flow from ecosystems to quality of life. Pastoral livelihood persists in the Argentine Puna, cocreating a landscape with natural and anthropic (water sources, grasslands, wildlife, livestock, and techniques) elements interacting through complex mechanisms involving environmental conditions and cultural and economic practices. Some drivers that threaten the system´s sustainability are overexploitation and land use change. These are visible as poaching or conversion of pasturelands into mining areas. Finally, we identify a number of knowledge gaps. These include lack of information on some regulatory contributions of nature to people, biodiversity status, and trends and statistical information on Indigenous Peoples and local communities; the flow of relationships; and coproductions related to the local expression of the quality of life. We also highlight the need for spatially explicit information and comprehensive knowledge of drivers and socioecological dynamics of the landscape.

Militando la danza y la identidad en pandemia. Un análisis desde la perspectiva del patrimonio cultural inmaterial; Militating dance and identity in pandemic. An analysis from the perspective of the intangible cultural heritage Mariano, Mercedes; Baier, Micaela Maria La pandemia del año 2020 generó profundas modificaciones en la dinámica de la vida cotidiana que se tradujeron en un real confinamiento de la población al interior de sus hogares. Los procesos de activación, gestión y puesta en valor del patrimonio cultural no quedaron ajenos a este contexto inédito. El aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio restringió al conjunto de prácticas colectivas y comunitarias, anuló los espacios de encuentro y alteró significativamente los modos de salvaguardar determinadas manifestaciones culturales. En consecuencia, se comenzaron a registrar otras formas de representación de las identidades y de socialización del patrimonio que incorporaron herramientas digitales. En este marco, en el presente trabajo se busca articular una discusión teórica en torno a la salvaguarda del patrimonio cultural inmaterial en el contexto de la pandemia con el análisis de un ejemplo concreto de un grupo de danzas alemanas en una ciudad intermedia del centro de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El fin último es producir conocimiento nuevo sobre los aportes que promueven las prácticas comunitarias para configurar nuevos espacios mediatizados de resignificación, socialización y comunicación del patrimonio cultural.; The 2020 pandemic generated profound changes in the dynamics of daily life that resulted in a real confinement of the population inside their homes. The processes of activation, management and enhancement of cultural heritage were not alien to this unprecedented context. Preventive and compulsory social isolation restricted the set of collective and community practices, annulled meeting spaces and significantly altered the ways of safeguarding certain cultural manifestations. Consequently, other forms of representation of identities and socialization of heritage began to be recorded that incorporated digital tools. Within this framework, the present work seeks to articulate a theoretical discussion around the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage in the context of the pandemic with the analysis of a concrete example of a group of German dances in an intermediate city in the center of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The ultimate goal is to produce new knowledge about the contributions that community practices promote to configure new mediated spaces of resignification, socialization and communication of cultural heritage.

Design of super-paramagnetic bilayer films based on chitosan and sodium alginate Kloster, Gianina Andrea; Moscoso Londoño, Oscar; Pirota, Kleber R.; Mosiewicki, Mirna Alejandra; Marcovich, Norma Esther Bilayer films that combine chitosan and alginate, two natural polysaccharides, and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) were obtained. Physical and microscopic observations revealed that chitosan and alginate interact strongly through their surfaces, which is attributed to the formation of a polyelectrolyte complex at the interface. The diameter of the individual MNPs was about 10 nm, although in the films they appear arranged in clusters with sizes ranging from 23 nm to several times larger that are formed by collapsed individual particles. All bilayers containing MNP behave as super-paramagnetic materials, exhibiting magnetic synergic effects in comparison to single carbohydrate films. Thus, obtained films could find novel and interesting applications as pH responsiveness systems, pad dressings including hyperthermia, adsorption of positive and negative charged pollutants, etc.

Estudio geoarqueológico inicial de la formación de aleros y sus rellenos en la localidad de Punta Pórfido (Río Negro, Argentina); Initial geoarcheaological study of the formation of rockshelters and their fillings in Punta Pórfido (Río Negro, Argentina) Favier Dubois, Cristian Mario; Herrera Villegas, Dalila Viviana; Alcaraz, Ana Paula; Cardillo, Marcelo; Vitale, Paula En la costa semiárida del norte de Patagonia (Golfo San Matías, Río Negro) se observan serranías constituidas por riolitas que ilustran diferentes etapas en la evolución de cavidades rocosas. Un estudio comparativo sobre las mismas en el área de Punta Pórfido permitió comenzar a evaluar los procesos de formación de aleros y sus rellenos sedimentarios. La morfología de las cavidades eneste sector resulta del patrón romboidal de diaclasas que presenta la roca de caja y de procesos de meteorización, principalmente el desarrollo de tafoni. Los rellenos se hallan constituidos principalmente por derrubios tamaño grava y bloque derivados de la meteorización de la riolita, a lo que se suma el aporte de sedimentos finos de origen eólico y de sales marinas que han colaborado en la preservación de restos orgánicos inusuales. En la principal cavidad relevada, el Alero 2, se realizaron dos excavaciones y cuatro dataciones radiocarbónicas que proporcionaron edades sobre carbón entre ca. 2200 y 7500 años cal. AP. En esta contribución se presentan los resultados iniciales del estudio geoarqueológico de estas cavidades en la zona costera de Punta Pórfido, orientado a comprender su desarrollo y algunas propiedades del registro arqueológico y tafonómico que contienen sus rellenos.; Along the semi-arid coast of northern Patagonia (Golfo San Matías, Río Negro) mountain ranges composed of rhyolites illustrate different stages in the evolution of rock cavities. A comparative study carried out in the Punta Pórfido area allows us to evaluate rockshelter formation processes and their sedimentary fillings. Cavity morphology in this sector results from the romboidal pattern of joints in the volcanic rock and weathering processes, mainly the development of tafoni. The fillings are made up of gravel and blocks derived from the weathering of the rhyolite, with the contribution of fine sediments originating from wind and marine salts that have collaborated in the preservation of unusual organic remains. At the main cavity surveyed, Alero 2, two excavations were carried out and four radiocarbon dating samples determined the ages on charcoal to be between ca. 2200 and 7500 years cal. AP. In this contribution, we present the initial results of the geoarchaeological study of these cavities in the coastal area of Punta Pórfido to understand their development and some properties of the archaeological and taphonomic record contained in their fillings.