Trend-cycles of vegetation dynamics as a tool for land degradation assessment and monitoring Easdale, Marcos Horacio; Fariña, Clara María; Hara, Sofía María; Pérez León, Natalia; Umaña, Fernando Javier; Tittonell, Pablo; Bruzzone, Octavio Augusto The use of time series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), obtained from satellite sensors has become frequent in studies for land degradation assessment and monitoring. Linear trends of NDVI are usually considered as indicators of vegetation dynamics and widely used as proxies for land degradation. Yet, long-term trends of NDVI often exhibit unidirectional (monotonic) but also cyclic (non-monotonic) dynamics, including mid-term oscillations, both of which are poorly captured by linear trends. Trend-cycle is a time series analysis that represents a smoothed version of a seasonally adjusted time series, which provides information on long-term movements while including changes in direction underlying the series. We assessed NDVI trend-cycles in Patagonia (Argentina) as proxies for land dynamics, integrating trend and medium-term cycles (>4 years). We used MODIS images between years 2000 and mid-2018; trend-cycles were analysed using the Basis Pursuit method. We observed that trend-cycles explained a significant portion of total temporal variability (reaching almost 20%), from which most patterns were explained by non-monotonic behaviour. We identified five major patterns in vegetation dynamics: decreasing (0.1% of area), increasing (0.6%), recovery (48.8%), relapsing (36.8%) and no trend-cycle (13.8%). Contrary to what is generally seen in the literature, monotonic patterns and particularly decreasing trend-cycles were marginally recorded in the last 18 years of NDVI records in Patagonia. Instead, the greater proportion of the area was classified as initial or advanced recovery and initial relapsing patterns, which refer to phases of a cyclic behaviour. We call for the need to revisit the conceptualization of land degradation assessment by means of remote sensing, and to critically review the ability of linear trends to reflect vegetation dynamics. Finally, we discuss the potential use of trend-cycle as a tool to monitor land dynamics and progress towards land degradation neutrality.

New records and range expansion for Paspalum procurrens and P. volcanense in northwestern Argentina and southeastern Bolivia Glücksberg, Adriana; Martínez, Eric Javier; Honfi, Ana Isabel; Maldonado, Carla Carolina; Hojsgaard, Diego Hernan Paspalum procurrens Quarin and P. volcanense Zuloaga, Morrone & Denham are two rare species of South Americangrasses inhabiting geographically restricted areas which are exposed to ecological degradation due to landscapetransformation and biodiversity losses. We present new records for these species, from the provinces of Jujuy, Salta,Tucumán and Catamarca (Argentina) and departments of Tarija, Chuquisaca, and Santa Cruz (Bolivia). New geographicdistribution maps and the biological relevance of these findings are discussed pinpointing the need for imperativeand assiduous botanical explorations in biodiversity hotspots sensible to the impact of human activities. Ploidylevels in these two species are studied.

Burkholderia cepacia complex: 11 years of surveillance in patients with cystic fibrosis in Posadas, Argentina; Complejo Burkholderia cepacia: 11 años de vigilancia en pacientes con fibrosis quística en Posadas, Argentina Martina, Pablo F.; Martínez, Mónica Elisabeth; Rivas, Sebastian; Leguizamón, Lorena; Von Specht, Martha Helena; Ferreras, Julian Alberto Los pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ) con infecciones pulmonares causadas por especies del complejo Burkholderia cepacia tienen una alta morbimortalidad. En todo el mundo, esta enfermedad está experimentando cambios epidemiológicos sustanciales. Los avances en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento han condicionado un aumento en la supervivencia infantil, así como en la proporción de adultos afectados. Para conocer nuestra realidad, nos referimos a un estudio epidemiológico en 64 pacientes con FQ durante 11 años de vigilancia, focalizando las infecciones causadas por especies del género Burkholderia. Se aplicaron pruebas fenotípicas convencionales y automatizadas, polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos de restricción-recA, secuenciación del gen recA y espectrometría de masa MALDI-TOF. Los aislados bacterianos también se analizaron para determinar los patrones de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. La prevalencia de complejo B. cepacia fue del 9,4%. Con base en la secuenciación del gen recA, las especies más comunes identificadas fueron Burkholderia cenocepacia (67,3%) y Burkholderia vietnamiensis (20,3%). Ceftazidima y meropenem fueron los antibióticos más activos e inhibieron el 53 y el 46% de los aislamientos, respectivamente. Este informe representa el primer estudio sistemático de las infecciones por Burkholderia en nuestra población desde el comienzo de la monitorización y el tratamiento, y resalta la importancia de continuar los estudios de vigilancia longitudinales.; Cystic fibrosis patients with Burkholderia cepacia complex pulmonary infections havehigh morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, this disease is undergoing substantial epidemiologicalchanges. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment have conditioned an increase in child survivalas well as in the proportion of affected adults. In order to know our reality, we refer toan epidemiological study in 64 CF patients during 11 years of surveillance, focusing on infectionscaused by Burkholderia species. Conventional and automated phenotypic tests, restrictionfragment length polymorphism-recA, recA gene sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorptionionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry were applied. Bacterial isolateswere also tested for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The prevalence of Burkholderia cepaciacomplex was 9.4%. Based on recA gene sequencing, the most common species identifiedwere Burkholderia cenocepacia (67.3%) and Burkholderia vietnamiensis (20.3%). Ceftazidimeand meropenem were the most active, inhibiting 53% and 46% of isolates, respectively. Thisreport represents the first systematic study of Burkholderia infections in our CF population sincebeginning of monitoring and treatment and highlights the importance of continued longitudinalstudies.

Evaluación de pastizales patagónicos con imágenes de satélites y de vehículos aéreos no tripulados; Complementing satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles for rangeland assessment in Patagonia Easdale, Marcos Horacio; Umaña, Fernando Javier; Raffo, Fernando; Fariña, Clara María; Bruzzone, Octavio Augusto La evaluación de pastizales en regiones áridas y semiáridas es una herramienta clave tanto para planificar el manejo ganadero como para realizar diagnósticos ambientales. Si bien hay un consenso sobre la utilidad de dicha herramienta en la Patagonia, es muy costoso evaluar pastizales que tengan mucho detalle (grano) y, a la vez, cubrir amplias zonas o paisajes (extensión). Por esta razón, compatibilizar la resolución y la calidad de la información con la extensión espacial que se requiere para tomar decisiones en sistemas ganaderos todavía es un desafío operativo sin solución efectiva. En este sentido, en las últimas dos décadas, el uso de imágenes satelitales para evaluar pastizales fue en aumento. Los desarrollos asociados a la captura de imágenes mediante el uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANT) ofrecerían ventajas como complemento de información, dado que incrementan sensiblemente la resolución espacial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue clasificar ambientes de pastizal mediante el uso de imágenes satelitales y de VANT, y comparar sus respectivas contribuciones para evaluar pastizales en la Patagonia. En particular, se comparó la resolución espacial de una clasificación no supervisada de ambientes utilizando imágenes satelitales SPOT 7 e imágenes capturadas por un sensor óptico montado en un VANT. El estudio de los pastizales se podría potenciar con el uso de distintas fuentes de información de manera complementaria y accesible para el seguimiento de ambientes y para la planificación del manejo del pastoreo en ambientes muy heterogéneos en regiones áridas y semiáridas de la Patagonia, Argentina.; Rangelands assessment in arid and semiarid regions is a key tool both for livestock management planning and environmental diagnoses. Even though there is a consensus on the utility of such tools, rangeland assessment with high detail (grain) while covering large areas or landscapes (extension) is too costly. Then, the compatibility between the resolution and quality of information and the spatial extent required to make decisions in livestock systems is still an operational challenge that has not found an effective solution. Thus, the use of satellite images for rangeland assessments in different environments has been growing steadily in the last two decades. The developments associated with the capture of images using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) would offer many advantages as a complement to information, since they increase the spatial resolution. The aim of this work was to classify rangeland environments using satellite and UAV images and compare their respective contributions for rangeland assessments in Patagonia. In particular, spatial resolution of an unsupervised classification of rangeland environments using SPOT 7 satellite images and images captured by an optical sensor mounted on an UAV were compared. Rangeland assessment can be potentiated by the use of different sources of information in a more complementary and accessible way for environmental monitoring, and for a pastoral management planning in highly heterogeneous environments from arid and semiarid regions of Patagonia, Argentina.

Caracterización microtopográfica e influencia de las costras biológicas en la rugosidad del suelo en el centro-oeste de la Argentina; Microtopographic characterization and influence of biological soil crusts on the roughness of the soil in the center-west of Argentina Navas Romero, Ana Laura; Herrera Moratta, Mario Andres; Martinez Carretero, Eduardo Enrique; Fernandez Belmonte, María Cecilia; Duplancic Videla, María Andrea del Carmen La influencia de las costras biológicas del suelo (CBS) en la rugosidad del suelo es una importante función de estas comunidades a nivel ecosistémico. Nuestros objetivos fueron caracterizar microtopográficamente los tipos de CBS y evaluar su efecto en la rugosidad del suelo en tres sistemas diferenciados por su grado de aridez.M&M: El microrelieve de las CBS y su influencia en la rugosidad se evaluaron en tres sistemas: semiárido, árido, e hiperárido; mediante técnicas diferentes y complementarias: método de la cadena, análisis fotográfico y técnica de las varillas metálicas. Para la primera se empleó un diseño en bloque, mientras que paras las otras dos se trabajó sobre los tipos de CBS dominantes en cada sistema.Resultados: La morfología de las CBS varió según el tipo de organismo dominante. Los musgos tuvieron una baja altura clasificándose como ?suavemente ondulados?, las cianobacterias tuvieron picos más abruptos, clasificándose como ?pinaculadas? y los líquenes tuvieron dos frecuencias de alturas clasificándose como ?rodante?. Las CBS influyeron en la rugosidad en los tres sitios evaluados. El sitio hiperárido fue donde tuvieron mayor impacto las CBS en la rugosidad. El tipo de CBS que dominó influyó en el nivel de rugosidad hallado. Conclusiones: Las variaciones microtopográficas y el incremento en la rugosidad proporcionada por las CBS es clave en la dinámica del Monte debido a que pequeñas interrupciones sobre el terreno podrían incrementar la disponibilidad de agua y disminuir las pérdidas de nutrientes por erosión, dos aspectos fundamentales del funcionamiento de estos sistemas.; The influence of biological soil crusts (BSC) on soil roughness is an important function of these communities at the ecosystem level. Our objective was to characterize microtopographically the different types of BSC and evaluate their effect on the roughness of the soil along three systems differentiated by their degree of aridity. M&M: The microrelief and roughness were evaluated in three systems: semi-arid, arid, and hyper-arid; by different and complementary techniques: chain method, photographic analysis and technique of metal rods. For the first one, a block design was used, while for the other two, we worked on the types of dominant biological crusts in each system. Results: The morphology of the BSC varied according to the type of dominant organism. The mosses had a low height and were classified as “gently undulating”, the cyanobacteria had more abrupt peaks, and was classified as “pinnacled”, and the lichens had two height frequencies and were classified as “rolling”. The BSC influenced the roughness in the three sites evaluated. The type of BSC that dominated influenced the level of roughness found. The hyper-arid site was the site where the BSC had the most significant impact on roughness. Conclusions: The microtopographic variations and the increase in roughness provided by the BSC is key to understanding the dynamics of the Monte because small interruptions on the soil such as those generated by the BSC could increase water availability and decrease nutrient losses by erosion, two fundamental aspects of the functioning of these fragile systems.

Lasiurus varius (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Ossa, Gonzalo; Díaz, María Mónica; Barquez, Ruben Marcos Lasiurus varius (Poeppig, 1835) is a vespertilionid bat commonly known as Chilean red bat or cinnamon red bat. L. variusis characterized by its deep reddish coloration without frosted appearance, and by the uropatagium covered with long hairs that extend beyond the trailing edge, which clearly distinguishes it from the other species in the genus. The distribution of this rare species is re-stricted to the southern parts of Argentina and Chile.

Nivaĉle (shichaam lhavos variety) Gutiérrez, Analía This article illustrates de phonological inventory of Nivacle (shichaam lhavos variety) with sound files recorded by the author in the field. Besides presenting and discussing the segmental properties found in this regional variety, an analysis of the phonological properties and prosodic structure of the language is advanced.

Single spin resonance driven by electric modulation of the g-factor anisotropy Ferrón, Alejandro; Rodriguez, Santiago Agustín; Gomez, Sergio Santiago; Lado, Jose Luis; Fernandez Rossier, Joaquín We address the problem of electronic and nuclear spin resonance of an individual atom on a surface driven by a scanning tunneling microscope. Several mechanisms have been proposed so far, some of them based on the modulation of exchange and crystal field associated with a piezoelectric displacement of the adatom driven by the radio frequency (RF) tip electric field. Here we consider another mechanism, where the piezoelectric displacement modulates the g -factor anisotropy, leading both to electronic and nuclear spin flip transitions. We discuss thoroughly the cases of hydrogenated Ti ( S = 1 / 2 ) and Fe ( S = 2 ) on MgO, relevant for recent experiments. We model the system using two approaches. First, an analytical model that includes crystal field, spin orbit coupling, and hyperfine interactions. Second, we carry out density-functional-based calculations. We find that the modulation of the anisotropy of the g tensor due to the piezoelectric displacement of the atom is an additional mechanism for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)-based single spin resonance that would be effective in S = 1 / 2 adatoms with large spin orbit coupling. In the case of hydrogenated Ti on MgO, we predict a modulation spin resonance frequency driven by the DC electric field of the tip.

Distinctive features of bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 and 5 and the virus-host interactions that might influence clinical outcomes Marin, Maia Solange; Burucúa, Mercedes María; Rensetti, Daniel Ernesto; Rosales Hurtado, Juan José; Odeón, Anselmo; Perez, Sandra Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are two closely related alpha-herpesviruses. BoHV-1 causes several syndromes in cattle, including respiratory disease and sporadic cases of encephalitis, whereas BoHV-5 is responsible for meningoencephalitis in calves. Although both viruses are neurotropic they differ in their neuropathogenic potential. This review summarizes the findings on the specific mechanisms and pathways known to modulate the pathogenesis of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, particularly in relation with respiratory and neurological syndromes, which characterize the infections by each virus, respectively.

La formación de profesores de Educación Física en Patagonia Norte: El montañismo en clave intercultural; The training of Physical Education teachers in North Patagonia: Mountaineering in an intercultural key Marin, Gustavo Ariel Este artículo focaliza en la disputa de sentidos y significados inherentes a la práctica y apropiación de actividades de montaña en la ciudad de Bariloche, a partir de la implementación de un Profesorado de Educación Física. Mediante un enfoque etnográfico, analizo desde “adentro” los modos en que las relaciones de poder y el mandato constitucional de interculturalidad se juegan en este proceso de configuración de conocimientos, subjetividades e identidades en una región con población y estudiantado mapuche. La hipótesis infiere que la formación de profesores está tan fuertemente marcada por sentidos hegemónicos, disputas y tensiones del propio campo que, aun enmarcándose en nociones de interculturalidad, reproduce las experiencias, discursos y saberes de una parte de la población, silenciando e invisibilizando los conocimientos de las culturas y poblaciones subalternas involucradas, tal como la población mapuche. Cuestiono mi hipótesis analizando los procesos efectivos de construcción/transmisión de conocimientos sobre actividades de montañismo dentro del Profesorado. También, reconstruyo los sentidos y significados que operan en la configuración de subjetividades en relación con las prácticas, discursos y saberes propios sobre el entorno desde la perspectiva mapuche para examinar las facetas de interculturalidad que la formación docente en ese campo silencia o contradice.; This article focuses on the dispute of social senses and meanings inherent to the practice and appropriation of mountain activities in the city of Bariloche, from the implementation of a Physical Education Teacher. Through an ethnographic approach, I analyze from “inside” the ways in which power relationships and the constitutional mandate of interculturality are played in this process of configuration of knowledge, subjectivities and identities in a region with Mapuche population and students. The hypothesis infers that the training of teachers is so strongly marked by hegemonic senses, disputes, and tensions of the field itself that even framed in notions of interculturality it reproduces the experiences, discourses, and knowledge of a part of the population, silencing and invisibilizing the knowledge of the cultures and subaltern populations involved, such as the Mapuche population. I question my hypothesis analyzing the effective processes of construction/transmission of knowledge about mountaineering activities within the Teaching Staff. Also, I reconstruct the meanings and meanings that operate in the configuration of their subjectivities in relation to practices, discourses, and knowledge about the environment from the Mapuche perspective to examine the facets of interculturality that teacher training in this field silences or contradicts

Populismo y derechos humanos en el devenir masivo de los feminismos argentinos; Populism and human rights in the massive becoming of Argentine feminisms Barros, Mercedes María; Martínez, Natalia María El presente artículo emerge de ciertos interrogantes en torno al devenir popular de los feminismos en la Argentina. Recuperando la línea de indagación que comprende este proceso como la construcción exitosa de un "pueblo feminista", nos detenemos en lo que consideramos como las condiciones centrales que hicieron posible ese devenir.Partiendo de reconocer la genealogía propia de los activismos en el país, nosfocalizamos en el singular vínculo de los feminismos con el activismo de derechoshumanos. Posteriormente, señalamos los efectos de desplazamiento y contaminaciónresultantes del vínculo entre el kirchnerismo y el movimiento de derechos humanoscomo un proceso de articulación populista que entendemos afectó decididamente -y no, voluntariamente- a los feminismos y a sus identificaciones.; This article arises from certain questions about the popular becoming of feminisms in Argentina. Drawing on the research interest about this process which has been understood as the successful construction of a “feminist people”, we focus on what we consider to be the central conditions that made possible the popular becoming of feminism. Starting from recognizing the genealogy of activism in the country, we look at the singular relationship of feminisms with human rights activism. Later on, we focus on the effects of displacement and contamination resulting from the linkage between kirchnerism and the human rights movement, as a process of populist articulation that we understand affected decidedly - and not, voluntarily- political identifications within feminisms

Evidence of a landlocked reproducing population of the marine pejerrey Odontesthes argentinensis (Actinopterygii; Atherinopsidae) Colautti, Dario César; Miranda, Leandro Andres; González Castro, M.; Villanova, Vanina; Strüssmann, C. A.; Mancini, Miguel Alberto; Maiztegui, Tomás; Berasain, Gustavo; Hattori, Ricardo; Grosman, Manuel Fabián; Sanzano, Pablo Miguel; Lozano, I.; Llamazares Vegh, Sabina; Salinas, V.; Del Ponti, O.; Fresno, P.; Minotti, Priscilla Gail; Yamamoto, Y.; Baigún, C. In South America, the order Atheriniformes includes the monophyletic genus Odontesthes with 20 species that inhabit freshwater, estuarine and coastal environments. Pejerrey Odontesthes argentinensis is widely distributed in coastal and estuarine areas of the Atlantic Ocean and is known to foray into estuaries of river systems, particularly in conditions of elevated salinity. However, to our knowledge, a landlocked self‐sustaining population has never been recorded. In this study, we examined the pejerrey population of Salada de Pedro Luro Lake (south‐east of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) to clarify its taxonomic identity. An integrative taxonomic analysis based on traditional meristic, landmark‐based morphometrics and genetic techniques suggests that the Salada de Pedro Luro pejerrey population represents a novel case of physiological and morphological adaptation of a marine pejerrey species to a landlocked environment and emphasises the environmental plasticity of this group of fishes

Role of estrone on the regulation of osteoblastogenes Crescitelli, Maria Carla; Rauschemberger, María Belén; Cepeda, Sabrina Belén; Sandoval, Marisa; Massheimer, Virginia Laura Although estradiol bone contribution has been deeply studied, little is known about the action of estrone. We investigated the direct action of estrone on osteoblasts growth and differentiation, with focus on the biochemical mechanism displayed by the estrogen. Murine calvarial osteoblast cultures in vitro exposed to 10 nM estrone were employed. Estrone enhanced gene expression of the osteogenic differentiation marker, Runx2 mRNA (150% above control). The hormone significantly increased cell proliferation (38% above control), nitric oxide production(108% above control), alkaline phosphatase activity (50% above control), in addition to stimulation of extracellular matrix mineralization. Using specific antagonists, we found that the mechanism of action of estrone involves estrogen receptor, nitric oxide synthase and MAPK signalling pathways participation. The hormone acts by its own and probably not via conversion to estradiol, since 17 B HSD inhibition did not affect the hormonal action. This work shows a novel action of estrone on bone cells promoting osteoblastogenesis.

Synthetic microfibers in marine sediments and surface seawater from the Argentinean continental shelf and a Marine Protected Area Ronda, Ana Carolina; Arias, Andres Hugo; Oliva, Ana Laura; Marcovecchio, Jorge Eduardo In this work, samples were collected from the Argentinean continental shelf –including a Marine Protected Area (MPA) - to assess the occurrence and distribution of synthetic microfibers (MFs), a widespread type of microplastic. MFs were present at 100% of the samples showing an average concentration of 182.85 ± 115.14 particles per Kg of dry sediment and 0.14 ± 0.08 items per m3 of marine water. MFs less than 1 mm were the most abundant (56.4% and 63%, for sediment and surface seawater respectively), followed by 1–2 mm and then 2–3 mm. In regards to the colour, both sediments and water had the major percentage of black MFs (25.6% and 28%, respectively) and the lowest one of green MFs (2.5% and 3%, respectively). Finally, MFs content in sediments was inversely correlated with depth (r = -0.93, p < 0.05). These findings provide the first evidence of microplastic contamination at the Argentinean continental shelf.

Una matriz crítica: Jesús Díaz y la vanguardia cultural en Cuba; A critical origin. Jesís Díaz and the cultural avant-garde in Cuba Garbatzky, Irina Ruth La trayectoria de Jesús Díaz ha tendido a leerse de manera binaria: entre el adentro o afuera de la isla, el apoyo o la crítica a la revolución. Si bien estas oposiciones se presentan como radicales en el contexto histórico y en su propia vida, también podría decirse que en su obra se incluyen algunas continuidades de valores y procedimientos aprendidos durante la vanguardia cultural. En este artículo se señalan algunos, los que brindan un marco para acercarlo a la figura del intelectual crítico, ideada por Ángel Rama (1983) cuando pensó en el complejo lugar de tensión que habitaron los escritores durante la tormenta revolucionaria.; The trajectory of Jesús Díaz has tended to be read in a binary way: between inside or outside the island, support or criticism of the revolution. Although these oppositions are presented as radicals in the historical context and in their own lives, it could also be said that in their work some continuities of values and procedures learned during the cultural vanguard are included. In this article some are pointed out, those that provide a framework to bring it closer to the figure of the critical intellectual, devised by Ángel Rama (1983) when he thought about the complex place of tension that the writers inhabited during the revolutionary storm.

Plantas que mantienen al ganado: Conocimiento campesino asociado a especies forrajeras en la Sierra de Ancasti (Catamarca, Argentina); Plants to raise livestock: Peasant knowledge associated to fodder species in Sierra de Ancasti (Catamarca, Argentina) Jiménez Escobar, Néstor David; Martínez, Gustavo Javier Las comunidades campesinas asociadas al pastoreo y a la ganadería -a pequeña escala- suelen tener un profundo conocimiento de los ambientes, de los ecosistemas y de las plantas en las que se crían sus animales. En este estudio se indagó el conocimiento asociado a las plantas forrajeras en la Sierra de Ancasti, Argentina (Chaco seco). Para ello se estableció qué tipo de ganado se cría en la zona, qué plantas son consumidas por los animales domésticos y en términos locales, qué se considera un forraje. Materiales y Métodos: Por medio de la técnica bola de nieve, 20 unidades domésticas participaron de las entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas, consultándoles específicamente por las especies forrajeras. El trabajo de campo se complementó con observación participante y caminatas guiadas junto a familias campesinas asociadas al pastoreo. Resultados: La producción local se relaciona principalmente al ganado caprino, ovino y vacuno. En relación a las plantas forrajeras, se encontraron 154 especies (correspondientes a 129 géneros, 51 familias). Se destaca el alto porcentaje de especies de origen nativo (78%). Según el Índice de frecuencia de mención, los forrajes más citados son: Cereus forbesii, Medicago sativa, Vachellia aroma, V. caven y Zea mays. Conclusiones: La riqueza de especies consumidas por los distintos tipos de ganado, el dominio de las especies nativas en la alimentación de los animales y la diversidad de tipos de hábito y partes de uso, son una muestra de la amplia diversidad biológica de la región. Asimismo, se definió el término de forraje, que para los pobladores de Ancasti está asociado al concepto de "mantener" al animal (alimentar, engordar, cuidar, aumentar la producción).; Peasant communities associated with small-scale livestock often have deep knowledge of the environment, ecosystems and plant species in which their animals are fed. In this study, knowledge associated with forage plants in the Sierra de Ancasti, Argentina (Dry Chaco) was inquired. Accordingly, we determined what types of livestock is raised in the area, what plants are consumed by domestic animals and, in local terms, what is considered a forage. M&M: By using the snowball technique, 20 households, related to livestock areas, participated in the open and semi-structured interviews. Study participants were specifically asked about forage species. Field work was complemented with participant observation and guided walks with peasant shepherd families related. Results: Local production is mainly related to goats, sheep and cattle. Regarding forage plants, 154 species were found (corresponding to 129 genera, 51 families). The high percentage of species of native origin is significant (78%). According to the Frequency Index, the most widely cited kinds of forage are: Cereus forbesii, Medicago sativa, Vachellia aroma, V. caven y Zea mays. Conclusions: The variety of species consumed by the different types of livestock, the prevalence of native fodder species and the diversity of habits and parts used highlights the region’s rich biological diversity. Likewise, the forage term was defined by Ancasti’s inhabitants as associated with the concept of “raise” the animal (feeding, fattening, caring or increasing production).

Elecciones en Uruguay: algunas claves para analizar la segunda vuelta y el surgimiento de ''nuevos'' actores de derecha Mercado, Ana Belen “Cambiar está bueno” y “Lacalle Pou es Macri” son consignas que se leen por Montevideo. El 27 de octubre, mientras en la Argentina se festejaba el triunfo de la fórmula Fernández-Fernández, en Uruguay se oficializaba la segunda vuelta. Esta elección es particular en varios aspectos que intentaremos desarrollar en este artículo . Existe un proceso de desgaste del Frente Amplio que tras 15 años de gobierno lo hace receptor de críticas y demandas insatisfechas. La economía no crece al ritmo que lo hizo durante las administraciones anteriores, la tasa de desempleo es la más alta de los últimos 12 años (9,47%) y existe un alto nivel de endeudamiento -63,4% del PBI en 2018 . Esto no significa un retorno del electorado a los partidos tradicionales, sino que emergen nuevos actores políticos que capitalizan el descontento desde la derecha. Así surge Cabildo Abierto, una fuerza de derecha cuyo candidato, Guido Manini Ríos, es el excomandante en jefe de las fuerzas armadas. Esto lleva a considerar el avance de las derechas mediante distintas estrategias (electorales partidarias, no partidarias, no electorales) en un proceso regional más amplio.

A general method to produce mesoporous oxide spherical particles through an aerosol method from aqueous solutions Zelcer, Andrés; Franceschini, Esteban Andrés; Lombardo, Maria Veronica; Lanterna, Anabel Estela; Soler Illia, Galo Juan de Avila Arturo Mesoporous transition metal oxides (MTMO) with large surface area, nanocrystalline framework, and controlled porosity have brilliant prospects in fields such as energy, environment, catalysis, or nanomedicine. However, the green, reproducible, and scalable production of MTMO are still a bottleneck for their industrial applications. Although spray-drying methods permit to obtain MTMO in a potentially scalable fashion, the use of highly acidic alcoholic precursor solutions presents two main limitations: corrosion and flammability, which hinder their production in large quantities and lower cost. In this work, we present a general, reproducible, simple, and environment-friendly aerosol method for the synthesis of spherical MTMO particles from mildly acidic aqueous solutions. Acetylacetonate and acetate are used as condensation-controlling agents. Mixed oxides of high valence cations (M(IV) such as Ti, Zr, Ce, and their mixed oxides) were prepared with a yield over 95%, virtually without changing the formulation of the precursor mixture, which can be extended potentially to M(III) or M(V) oxides. The replacement of organic solvents by water allows working in air atmosphere, making this approach much safer, cheaper and environmentally friendly than the current aerosol-based routes. We also present the beneficial effect of mesoporous titania spheres as an additive to nickel electrodes used in the hydrogen evolution reaction, as a demonstrator to potential applications. A threefold increase in the electrocatalytic hydrogen production is observed in mesoporous titania-modified nickel electrodes with respect to a pure nickel catalyst. This performance can be further improved ~25% upon UVA-visible irradiation, due to the photoelectrocatalytic effect of the mesoporous TiO2.

Taxonomic revision of Chusquea subg. Magnifoliae and Chusquea subg. Platonia (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Chusqueinae) in Peru Guerreiro, Carolina Inés; Alegría Olivera, J. José; Vega, Andrea Susana Subtribe Chusqueinae was previously composed of the genera Neurolepis and Chusquea. Following molecular-based phylogenetic studies, all species of Neurolepis were transferred to Chusquea and placed in two new subgenera: Magnifoliae and Platonia. Complete keys for the identification of taxa within C. subg. Magnifoliae and C. subg. Platonia are lacking. The present paper provides five new reports and a taxonomic revision of Chusquea subg. Magnifoliae and C. subg. Platonia in Peru involving 13 taxa. Vegetative and reproductive morphological diagnostic characters were analyzed. Complete illustrations of C. aristata, C. fimbriligulata subsp. peruviana, and C. spectabilis are provided. Chusquea elata, C. fimbriligulata subsp. fimbriligulata, C. mollis, C. nana, and C. spectabilis constitute new reports for Peru. On the basis of morphological comparative studies, keys for the identification of the species of Chusquea subg. Magnifoliae and C. subg. Platonia occurring in Peru were prepared based on vegetative and reproductive characters and are here presented for the first time.

Primer registro de Oligosarcus pintoi campos, 1945 (Characiformes, Characidae) en aguas continentales de Argentina; First record of Oligosarcus pintoi Campos, 1945 (Characiformes, Characidae) in freshwater courses of Argentina Almirón, Adriana; Bogan, Sergio; Cardoso, Yamila Paula; Ciotek, Liliana; Giogis, Pablo; Casciotta, Jorge Rafael Actualmente la biodiversidad íctica conocida del Parque Nacional Iguazú comprende 104 especies, de las cuales dos corresponden a especies de “dientudos” del género Oligosarcus: O. longirostris y O. menezesi. En esta contribución se da a conocer una tercera especie de este género registrada dentro de dicho parque: Oligosarcus pintoi. Este nuevo hallazgo es de relevancia porque, además, constituye el primer reporte de esta especie en Argentina en la cuenca del río Paraná medio.; Currently the known ichthyological biodiversity of the Iguazú National Park is composed by 104 species, two of which correspond to species of “dientudos” of the genus Oligosarcus: O. longirostris and O. menezesi. In this contribution, it is reported within the Park a third species of that genus: Oligosarcus pintoi. This new finding is relevant because it constitutes the first record of the species both in Argentina and in the middle Paraná River basin.