Pharmaceutical equivalence and stability of Furosemide tablets in Argentina Brevedan, Marta Ingrid Victoria; Varillas, María Alejandra; González Vidal, Noelia Luján Furosemide is a widely used diuretic, indicated in the treatment of hypertension and edema. This active pharmaceutical ingredient is classified as Class IV in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. The World Health Organization recommends an oral dose of 40 mg. The aim of the present work was to evaluate and compare critical quality attributes, including in vitro dissolution characteristics, of eight furosemide tablet brands of Argentine market, and determine their pharmaceutical equivalence. Furthermore, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of storage (twelve months after natural aging conditions) over those critical properties. At time zero of analysis, all evaluated samples fulfilled specifications for friability, hardness, disintegration, assay, uniformity of dosage units and dissolution tests. After storage, all formulations fulfilled the assay and dissolution test specifications, with no statistical differences recorded for the obtained results. Comparison of dissolution profiles was also assessed in terms of the model independent parameter called dissolution efficiency. Highly significant differences were recorded between reference and four multisource formulations. The same differences were found at the beginning of the study (time zero) and after one year of storage. One product presented the lowest dissolution efficiency results, associated to highly significant differences when compared to the other formulations. However, the obtained results reveal that the evaluated samples complied with codified quality control tests, and consequently can be qualified as pharmaceutical equivalents. Natural aging conditions clearly not affected the stability of the evaluated products.

Lo barrial del barrio: Una discusión desde el habitar subalterno en Bahía Blanca (Argentina); Neighborhoodness in the neighborhood: A discussion on subaltern living in Bahía Blanca, Argentina Larreche, José Ignacio El presente escrito quiere conocer las experiencias del habitar de sujet@s autoidentificad@s gais y lesbianas en clave barrial. Los datos surgieron de conversaciones y entrevistas, y fueron complementados por la observación en el terreno, situados en la ciudad intermedia de Bahía Blanca, al sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. La perspectiva geográfica fue enriquecida por la semiótica y la antropología urbana asumiendo un abordaje cultural. A partir de la deconstrucción de los imperativos que cimientan lo barrial (familia, tranquilidad y pasado), se pueden explicar reajustes interbarriales en las trayectorias individuales, que dan como resultado la activación de determinadas áreas de la ciudad. Finalmente, esta apuesta se distancia de la ciudad como entidad totalizadora y, desde voces poco escuchadas, busca abrir la escala barrial para demostrar los condicionamientos que se intercalan en el tránsito de lo cotidiano.; This paper aims at delving into the neighborhood living experiences of self-identified gay and lesbian subjects. Data was gathered from conversations and interviews, and complemented by observation in the field, located in the intermediate city of Bahía Blanca, to the southwest of the Buenos Aires province. The geographical perspective was enriched by semiotics and urban anthropology, within a cultural approach. Inter-neighborhood readjustments in the individual trajectories that result in the activation of certain city areas can be explained from the deconstruction of the imperatives that found the notion of neighbourhood (family, tranquility and past). Finally, this view is distanced from the city as a totalizing entity and, from the perspective of barely heard voices, seeks to open the neighborhood scale to demonstrate the conditionings woven in the transit of everyday life.

Physical properties of monoglycerides oleogels modified by concentration, cooling rate, and high-intensity ultrasound Giacomozzi, Anabella Soledad; Palla, Camila Andrea; Carrin, Maria Elena; Martini, Silvana The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of monoglycerides (MG) concentration (3, 4.5, and 6 wt%), cooling rate (0.1 and 10 °C/min), and high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) application on physical properties of oleogels from MG and high oleic sunflower oil. Microstructure, melting profile, elasticity (G′), and solid fat content (SFC) were measured immediately after preparation of samples (t = 0) and after 24 hr of storage at 25 °C. Samples’ textural properties (hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness) and oil binding capacity (OBC) were evaluated after 24 hr at 25 °C. In general, samples became less elastic over time. Slow cooling rate resulted in lower G′ after 24 hr compared to the ones obtained using 10 °C/min. Network OBC was improved by increasing MG concentration and cooling rate, and by applying HIU. After storage, oleogel melting enthalpy increased with MG concentration. In general, this behavior was not correlated with an increase in SFC. An improvement in the network structure was generally reached with the increase in cooling rate, according to texture and rheology results, for both sonicated and nonsonicated conditions. At the highest MG concentration, HIU application was more efficient at increasing OBC and hardness of the network at 0.1 °C/min. Microscopy images showed that the oleogels microstructure was changed as a consequence of HIU application and cooling rate, evidencing smaller crystals both in sonicated and faster cooled samples. Obtained results demonstrate that cooling rate, MG concentration, and HIU can be used satisfactorily to tailor physical properties of MG oleogels.

First record of the red alga Compsopogon caeruleus (Balbis ex C. Agardh) Montagne 1846 in the High Paraná River, Argentina-Paraguay Meichtry Zaburlin, Norma Rosa; Guzmán, Leila Belén; Escalada, Micaela Carolina; Llano, Víctor Martín; Vogler, Roberto Eugenio The presence of a freshwater red alga (Rhodophyta), Compsopogon caeruleus, was recorded for the first time in the High Paraná River. It was detected in 2016 and 2017 at five points along 290 km of the border between Argentina and Paraguay. High densities of filaments of the red alga were recorded in the summer months, forming masses flowing through the middle of the riverbed and banks, and not recorded in the main body of the Yacyretá Binational Reservoir (Argentina-Paraguay). We identified the species both morphologically and using molecular methods. The samples were characterized by having short, thorn-like branches, which resembled the morphology reported for Compsopogon aeruginosus, nowadays a synonym of C. caeruleus. Partial DNA sequences from cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene confirmed species identification as C. caeruleus. Because of its adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions, we speculate that the species could establish in the High Paraná River and potentially rapidly increase its distribution downstream throughout temperate regions of South America.

Características metalogenéticas de la Veta Buena Vista, Distrito Minero Andacollo, Neuquén, Argentina; Geological characterization of the Buena Vista vein, Andacollo mining district, Neuquén, Argentina Pons, Agustina; D'annunzio, María Celeste; Strazzere, Leonardo; Cócola, María Agustina El distrito minero Andacollo está ubicado al SO de la localidad homónima, en la provincia de Neuquén. Se reconocen en el área un conjunto de vetas epitermales con mineralización de Ag ± Au aflorantes en el cerro Las Minas.La veta Buena Vista, motivo del presente trabajo, presenta un rumbo NE-SO, una longitud de 250 m y un espesor promedio de 3,5 m. La roca de caja corresponde a volcanitas con grados variables de alteración hidrotermal. La asociación de alteración en la zona de contacto con la veta está compuesta por cuarzo + sericita (± clorita ± pirita), mientras que en las zonas más alejadas está formada por clorita + minerales arcillosos (± calcita ± pirita). Según las relaciones estratigráficas, la edad de la veta es pre-Carbonífero Superior.La veta está formada por cinco pulsos de relleno hidrotermal entre los que se identificó un evento mineralizante (cuarto pulso) compuesto por pirita, galena, esfalerita, calcopirita, marcasita, argentita y electrum. Desde la superficie hacia los niveles más profundos estudiados se reconoce una disminución del contenido de sulfuros y un simultáneo aumento en el contenido de electrum, zonación que no coincide con la propuesta por otros autores para este tipo de yacimiento. Los fluidos del tercer pulso, presentan temperaturas mínimas de entrampamiento entre 210 y 278ºC y salinidad promedio de 1,37% NaCl eq. Si bien no fue posible caracterizar micro-termométricamente los fluidos del evento mineralizante acorde al diagrama paragenético, se estima que las salinidades y temperaturas pudieron haber sido similares o levemente menores al del pulso analizado.; The Andacollo mining district is located on the southwest of the town of the same name in Neuquén province. A setof epithermal veins with mineralization of Ag± Au are recognized on CerroLas Minas.This paper deals with the NE-SW trending Buena Vista vein that is 250 m in length withan average width of 3.5 m.Wall-rocksof this vein are volcanic rocks with varying degrees of hydrothermal alteration. The hydrothermal alteration paragenesis of the wall-rock atthe contact with the vein is composed ofquartz + sericite(± chlorite ± pyrite) whereas far from the veinitis composed ofchlorite + clays (± calcite). The vein is formed by five pulses of hydrothermalfilling. The mineralizing event (fourth pulse) is composed ofpyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, argentite,and electrum. From the surface to the deeper studied levels, silver contentdecreases, while sulfides and electrum increase. The fluids of the third pulse had minimum temperatures between 210 and 278ºC and an average salinity of 1.37% wt. NaCl eq. Although it is not possible to micro-thermometrically characterize the fluids of the mineralizing event according to the paragenetic diagram, it is estimated that the salinityand temperaturesare considered assimilar orlower than for the thirdpulse.

La presencia de obsidiana en contextos arqueológicos del norte de Mendoza: interacciones humanas en una región andina sin fuentes volcánicas; archaeological obsidian in northern Mendoza: human interactions in an andean region that lacks volcanic sources Cortegoso, Valeria; Yebra, Lucía Gabriela; Castro, Silvina; Duran, Victor Alberto Se presentan resultados del análisis geoquímico (XRF) de N = 61 piezas de obsidiana correspondientes a diez sitios arqueológicos del norte de Mendoza (32°-33°S); un segmento latitudinal donde la cordillera de los Andes alcanza su máxima altitud. Además de estar fuera de la región andina con fuentes de obsidiana, los sitios se localizan al norte del límite de divergencia cultural establecida en los últimos milenios (34°S) entre sociedades productoras y cazadoras-recolectoras. Se evalúa la asignación de elementos de obsidiana a fuentes cordilleranas y extracordilleranas entre (34°-37°S) todas en un rango comprendido entre 200 y 500 km de distancia. Las cronologías de los contextos abarcan un extenso rango temporal (entre ca. 7400 y 300 años AP) durante el cual se registra un proceso de diversificación económica que separa a las sociedades del área considerada de sus vecinas ubicadas al sur. Los resultados contribuyen a evaluar la dirección de interacciones que involucran principalmente la cordillera, pero además discutir cambios en escala y modalidad de acceso a las fuentes entre grupos con distintas estrategias económicas.; The results of geochemical analysis (XRF) of obsidian artifacts (n = 61) belonging to ten archaeological sites in northern Mendoza (32°-33°S) are presented. The sites are located outside of the Andean volcanic sources and to the north of the frontier (34°) established in recent millennia between farmers and hunter-gatherer societies. The assignation of obsidian artifacts to cordilleran and extra cordilleran sources (34° y 37°S) is evaluated, all of which are located between 200 and 500km from the study area. Archaeological contexts correspond to a chronological range of c.7400 to 300 years BP, during which period processes of economic diversification have been recorded that separated societies within the study area from their southern neighbors. The results contribute to the assessment of human interactions along the Andean cordillera, but also suggest changes in scale and modalities of access to sources among groups with different economic strategies.

An imazethapyr-based herbicide formulation induces genotoxic, biochemical, and individual organizational effects in Leptodactylus latinasus tadpoles (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Pérez Iglesias, Juan Manuel; Brodeur, Celine Marie Julie; Larramendy, Marcelo Luis Genotoxic, biochemical, and individual organizational effects on Leptodactylus latinasus tadpoles were evaluated after exposure to an imazethapyr (IMZT)-based commercial herbicide formulation, Pivot® H (10.59% IMZT). A determination of the value of the lethal concentration (LC50) was determined as a toxicological endpoint. Alterations in animal behavior and morphological abnormalities as well as cholinesterase (ChE), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were employed as individual sublethal endpoints. Micronuclei frequencies (MNs), binucleated cells (BNs), blebbed nuclei (BLs), lobed nuclei (LBs), notched nuclei (NTs), erythroplastids (EPs), and evaluation of DNA strand breaks were employed as genotoxic endpoints. All biomarkers were evaluated after 48 and 96 h of exposure to concentrations of IMZT within 0.07?4.89 mg/L. LC50 96h values of 1.01 and 0.29 mg/L IMZT were obtained for Gosner stages 25 and 36, respectively. Irregular swimming, diamond body shape, and decreased frequency of keratodonts were detected at both sampling times. Results showed that IMZT increased GST activity and MN frequency at 48 and 96 h of exposure. Other nuclear abnormalities were also observed in the circulating erythrocytes of tadpoles, i.e., NT and BL values after 48 h, and LN, BL, and EP values after 96 h. Finally, results showed that IMZT within 0.07?0.22 mg/L increased the genetic damage index in tadpoles exposed for both exposure times (48 and 96 h). This study is the first to report the sublethal biochemical effects of IMZT in anurans and is also the first report using L. latinasus tadpoles as a bioindicator for ecotoxicological studies.

Mixed-integer linear programming approach for product design for life-cycle profit Zeballos, Luis Javier; Mendez, Carlos Alberto; Barbosa Povoa, Ana P. The paper deals with the product design problem where the characteristics of new and remanufactured products must be determined. The objective of the problem is to maximize the total profit taking into account the design specifications and the selling prices for the new and remanufactured products. The amount of new and remanufactured products is to be determined and the take-back rate is considered. The problem representation leads to a mixed-integer nonlinear structure, which makes very hard to deal with the corresponding mathematical formulation. Nevertheless, the problem can be modeled as a mixed-integer linear formulation taking advantage of the high efficiency, both in terms of solution accuracy and computing time of the software tools (solvers) developed for mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). This is explored in this work and a MILP model able to accurately represent the life-cycle design while the profit is maximized is proposed. In particular, the model takes into account the effects on the demand level of specifications and prices of new and remanufactured products. The formulation deals with the representation of demands nonlinear functions (new and remanufactured products) and the existent bilinear terms are handled through piecewise linear approximation and multi-parametric disaggregation techniques. The practical behavior of the formulation is analyzed through computational experiments considering an example of a desktop computer. In addition, the performance of the formulation and the quality of the solution obtained are compared with the performance of a nonlinear approach.

Physicochemical, in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of water-soluble chitosan-lactose derivatives Arata Badano, Joaquin; Vanden Braber, Noelia Luciana; Rossi, Yanina Estefanía; Diaz Vergara, Ladislao Ivan; Bohl, Luciana Paola; Porporatto, Carina; Falcone, Ruben Dario; Montenegro, Mariana Angélica In this study, water-soluble chitosan (Ch) derivatives were synthesized by the Maillard reaction between Ch and lactose. The Ch derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and SLS to determine their structure, degree of deacetylation (DD), and molecular weight (Mw). The solubility at physiological pH, the in vitro antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical, anion superoxide radical and ABTS cation radical, and the cytotoxicity against epithelial cells of therat ileum (IEC-18) were also evaluated. The Maillard reaction, derivatives with lower Mw and DD and greater solubility than Ch were obtained. The biological properties of the derivatives were dependent on the concentration, Mw and DD, with antioxidant activity greater than or equal to that of Ch and non-cytotoxic in a wide range of concentrations. The results indicate that Ch derivatization with lactose produces new water-soluble polysaccharides, with antioxidantactivity and non-cytotoxic, which can be used as biomaterials for food and pharmaceutical applications.

La construcción del perfil epidemiológico: Un aporte desde el fútbol callejero en el Barrio Alto Alberdi; The construction of the epidemiological profile: Contribution from street football in the Alto Alberdi neighborhood Auat, Pedro Matías; Vaccaro, Natalia Desirée; Astegiano, Cecilia Este trabajo intenta profundizar en el estudio de la construcción del perfil epidemiológico desde otra mirada, desarrollando la tensión existente entre la epidemiología clásica y la crítica. Se desarrollan las categorías que conforman la dimensión particular de la determinación social de la salud, haciendo énfasis en la descripción de los modos de vida de los niños y niñas de un barrio de Córdoba, Argentina, enfatizando la dialéctica existente en el proceso salud enfermedad atención. Se describen los cambios en el espacio urbano y el impacto del mismo en la configuración social del barrio. La epidemiología crítica permite pensar, repensar y comprender en profundidad el proceso salud enfermedad atención de las poblaciones que acompañamos en territorio y en la necesidad de posicionarnos desde esta mirada que permita proponer acciones acordes a la complejidad de la realidad.; This working paper seeks to deepen in the study of the construction of the epidemiological profile from a different perspective, developing the already existing tension between traditional and critical epidemiology. Categories that make up the singular dimension of the health social determination are developed, emphasizing the description of the ways of life of children in a neighborhood of Cordoba, Argentina, stressing the existing dialectics in the health-illness process. Changes in the urban area are described as well as the impact itself in the social division of the neighborhood. Critical epidemiology allows us to think, rethink and to have a clear understanding of the health-disease- care process of the populations who come along with territory and needs of standing ourselves from this perspective that let us suggest different actions according to the complex reality.

Biodiesel production from Halamphora coffeaeformis microalga oil by supercritical ethanol transesterification Hegel, Pablo Ezequiel; Martin, Lucas Ariel; Popovich, Cecilia Angelines; Damiani, Maria Cecilia; Leonardi, Patricia Ines The marine benthic diatom Halamphora coffeaeformis is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Thisspecies shows high growth rates, important triacylglycerol (TAG) contents and grows in seawater makinglarge-scale cultivation advantageous. Moreover, sustainable biofuel production in future biorefineries requiresthe implementation of technologies that employ renewable solvents. Thus, the goal of this work was to evaluateethanol usage as extraction solvent and reaction medium for biodiesel production from H. coffeaeformis. Ina first step a bio-oil extraction was carried out comparing ethanol and n-hexane to investigate the performanceof ethanol with respect to a conventional solvent. Then, a free-catalyst supercritical ethanol transesterificationof the bio-oils was carried out to obtain biodiesel. Higher lipid extraction yields were obtained using ethanolrespect to n-hexane (26wt.% vs 21.1wt.%). The transesterification of crude lipids extracted with ethanol as solventat 305°C and 40min. produced up to 15.9wt.% of biodiesel respect to dried biomass processed. Comparablebiodiesel yields were obtained using non-renewable organic solvents and a conventional catalytic technology.Thus, ethanol extraction and subsequent supercritical transesterification of H. coffeaeformis oil proved to be technicallyfeasible and environmental friendly technology for the production of biodiesel.

A long and troublesome journey: People's perceptions and attitudes along the migratory path of a scavenger bird Ballejo, Fernando; Graña Grilli, Maricel; Lambertucci, Sergio Agustin In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in integrating the social sciences and conservation studies to inform a more realistic management approach. Indeed, an understanding of people's perception of fauna helps in the evaluation of possible conflicts with humans, and provides tools to solve these conflicts. However, perceptions may change along a species geographical distribution. Scavenger birds are not exempt from these conflicts as many farmers blame them for attacking and killing livestock. We evaluated the knowledge, perceptions and attitude of people regarding New World vultures along a migratory path in South America. We conducted 114 interviews with farmers in six different localities between Argentine Patagonia and central Bolivia. About half (48.2%) of the interviewees considered vultures harmful to livestock and a substantial number (24.5%) considered killing these birds as a solution for the conflict. The perception of the damage caused by these birds was worse in vultures wintering and breeding areas, than along the migration route. People with a higher level of education and greater numbers of livestock exhibited more negative perceptions. However, many people (53%) still believed that scavenger birds are important for the environment. Our results suggest that acknowledgment of services provided by scavengers makes killing of scavengers less likely. Educational strategies are needed to increase levels of appreciation toward the ecosystem services provided by vultures, over those of perceived damages.

Effect of competition intensity on recruitment of palatable and unpalatable grasses García, Andrés; Scarfó, María Cecilia; Loydi, Alejandro; Distel, Roberto Alejandro In this study, we made an attempt to reveal how competition intensity from established plants impacts on palatable and unpalatable grass seedlings recruitment, in a natural mesic grassland of central Argentina. Our objective was to assess the seedling recruitment of a palatable species (Chascolytrum subaristatum) and an unpalatable species (Nassella trichotoma) in microsites differing in competition intensity from established plants. Identity (C. subaristatum and N. trichotoma) and defoliation severity were used as surrogate for competition intensity. In March 2017, we permanently marked established individuals of N. trichotoma and C. subaristatum and placed two circular plots adjacent to each individual. In one plot we added seeds of N. trichotoma and in the other seeds of C. subaristatum. After seeding, established plants were randomly assigned to one of three level of defoliation: without defoliation, low defoliation severity and high defoliation severity. From April to November 2017 (i.e. over a complete annual growing cycle), we measured seedling density, recruitment and growth. Our results supported the hypothesis that seedlings of palatable grasses are more competitive than seedlings of unpalatable grasses. Seedling of the palatable grass C. subaristatum recruited successfully regardless the intensity of competition from established plants, whereas seedlings of the unpalatable grass N. trichotoma recruited better under low competitive pressure from established plants. Our results suggest that the availability of microsites with low competitive pressure from the established vegetation, created by selective grazing of palatable grasses, promotes the recruitment of unpalatable grass seedlings. This mechanism may contribute to the species replacement process commonly observed in heavy grazed grasslands.

Adsorption of norfloxacin on a hexagonal mesoporous silica: isotherms, kinetics and adsorbent reuse Ortiz Otalvaro, Julian Andres; Brigante, Maximiliano Eduardo; Avena, Marcelo Javier The adsorption of the antibiotic norfloxacin (NFX) on MCM-41 type mesoporous silica has been studied in batch experiments by performing adsorption kinetics and isotherms under different conditions. Regeneration of the adsorbent and reuse studies were also carried out and are discussed. On the one hand, the adsorption is very fast and strongly dependent on pH, increasing from 30.6 µmol g−1 at pH 3.0 to 192.3 µmol g−1 at pH 7.0 and then decreasing up to 29.6 µmol g−1 as pH increases. The adsorption takes place by direct binding of NFX to silica active sites through electrostatic interactions and H-bonds formations, as deduced from adsorption experiments at several ionic strengths and temperatures. The hydrophobic conformation of the antibiotic zwitterion seems to play also a key role on the maximum adsorption at neutral pH. The presence of calcium ions strongly increases the adsorption of NFX at pH > 4.5 due to the formation of ternary NFX-Ca2+-MCM-41 complexes by calcium-bridging. After the first cycle of regeneration through washing using several solvents, the studied solid significantly reduces its removal efficiency—up to 60%—but then it remains constant for another three cycles. The analysis of thermodynamic parameters suggests that the adsorption is exothermic (− 28.8 kJ mol−1) and spontaneous in nature. On the other hand, the capacity of MCM-41 to remove a concentration of the antibiotic commonly-found in water environments is still being too low if it compares with other adsorbents. Improving the silica surface reactivity should be the main goal by the researchers in order to use the material as adsorbent of this kind of molecules in the future.

Discrimination of hydrologic variations for spatial distribution of fish assemblage in a large subtropical temperate river Espínola, Luis Alberto; Abrial, Elie; Rabuffetti, Ana Pia; Simoes Da Silva, Nadson Ressyé; Amsler, Mario Luis; Blettler, Martin Cesar Maria; Eurich, María Florencia; Paira, Aldo Raul This study examines the effects of the flow and flood pulses on spatialdispersion of fish assemblages in the floodplain of the Paraná River in Argentina. Wetested the hypothesis that high water levels and greater lateral connectivity promotefish dispersal and spatial homogenization of assemblage structure. We sampled foursites during different phases of the annual hydrologic cycle from 2010 to 2016. Watersurface in the area was estimated during each phase. We computed multivariatestatistics and estimates of ß-diversity to analyze assemblage variations in relation tohydrological phases. Three hydrological phases were defined: low flow pulses (waterlevels between 2.3 and 3.2, approximately 10% of the floodplain covered by water),high flow pulses(between 3.2 and 4.5, from 11 to 84%), and floods (> 4.5 m, morethan 84%). Although difference between high flow pulses and flood was notsignificant, ß-diversity values for these stages were higher than for low flow pulses.This suggests that floods and high flow pulses increase the spatial variability of fishassemblages, whereas homogenization processes occur later during low flowperiods. This work provides further knowledge about the flood homogenization effectin a large unregulated floodplain where lateral connectivity still plays a significant roleon ecological structuring processes.

Cuentas y Tembetás Malacológicos de los grupos cazadores-recolectores prehispánicos del humedal del Paraná inferior; Shell beads and tembetás from prehispanic hunter-gatherers of low Paraná wetland Buc, Natacha; Acosta, Alejandro Alberto; Loponte, Daniel Marcelo Entre los grupos cazadores-recolectores que ocuparon el humedal del río Paraná inferior durante el Holoceno tardío, el conjunto más numeroso de adornos es el de las cuentas y tembetás hechos sobre valvas de moluscos. En trabajos previos observamos que estos elementos presentan similitudes morfológicas a nivel intersitio, con pequeñas variaciones formales. En este trabajo evaluamos la posibilidad de que estos elementos hayan funcionado como demarcadores sociales. En este sentido esperamos un patrón homogéneo tanto en la forma general y sus atributos, como en el tamaño. Para ello analizamos métrica y morfológicamente los conjuntos malacológicos provenientes de diez sitios arqueológicos del área. Los resultados muestran tendencias diferentes para las cuentas y los tembetás. Las primeras se distribuyen de manera homogénea en el espacio con un patrón morfológico y métrico compartido que sólo excluye uno de los sitios arqueológicos. Los tembetás, por su parte, son menos frecuentes y presentan dos variantes morfométricas que pueden responder a variaciones individuales o reflejar parcialidades étnicas.; Among hunter-gatherer groups that inhabited the low Paraná wetland during Late Holocene, the most numerous assemblages of ornaments are composed by shell beads and tembetás. In previous works we observed that the assemblages show inter-site morphological similarities with little formal variations. In this paper we test the idea that these elements were used as social markers. Consequently, we expect an homogeneous pattern in the general form and the form of their attributes, as well as the metrical values. For this purpose, we analyse metrical and morphological data of shell assemblages from ten archaeological sites of the study area. Results show different tendencies for shell beads and tembetás. Shell beads are homogenously distributed in the region with a shared morphologic and metric pattern that only excludes one of the archaeological sites. Tembetás are less frequent and show two morpho-metric variants that could be a response either to individual variability or to ethnic identification.

Intuitionistic fuzzy set and fuzzy mathematical morphology applied to color leukocytes segmentation Bouchet, Agustina; Montes, Susana; Ballarin, Virginia Laura; Díaz, Irene This work presents a new algorithm based on Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets and fuzzy mathematical morphology to leukocytes segmentation in color images. The main idea is based on modeling a color image as an Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy set using the hue component in the HSV color space. Then, a pixel labeled as leukocyte is selected and compared to the whole image with a similarity measure. Thus, the leukocyte is segmented and separated from the rest of the image. The experimental results show that the algorithm has a good performance, reaching a value of 99.41% for the correctclassification of leukocytes and a 99.23% for the correct classification of the background. Other metrics such as accuracy, precision and recall have been calculated obtaining 99.32%, 99.41% and 99.24%, respectively. The algorithm presents two important characteristics: It works directly over the color images without the need of converting the image in gray scale, and it does not produce false colors because fuzzy morphological operators guarantee it.

Avances en el desarrollo de un biofungicida: caracterización físicoquímica y actividad antifúngica de propóleos; Advances in the development of a biofungicide: physical-chemical characterization and antifungal activity of propolis Cibanal, Irene Laura; Fernández, Leticia A.; Krepper, Gabriela; Pellegrini, Cecilia Noemí; Gallez, Liliana María El propóleos constituye, gracias a sus propiedades antimicrobianas, una alternativa para el control de fitopatógenos. En este trabajo se realizó, mediante técnicas convencionales, la caracterización sensorial y físico-química de cuatro muestras de propóleos provenientes de diferentes regiones de Argentina y de sus respectivos extractos hidroalcohólicos. Asimismo, se evaluó in vitro la actividad antifúngica de los extractos sobre el hongo Penicillium sp. causante de la ??mufa del ajo?? (Allium sativum). Los propóleos en bruto presentaron aroma resinoso, coloración marrón con diferentes tintes y aspecto de trozos irregulares. El análisis de las muestras evidenció diferencias significativas en los parámetros ceras (9,43 - 31,16 %), pérdidas por calentamiento (1,04 - 1,46 %), cenizas (0,98 - 7,18 %) y temperatura media de fusión (63,16 - 67,5 °C). En los extractos hidroalcohólicos de propóleos también se detectaron diferencias estadísticas en el extracto seco (5,50 - 9,30 %), contenido de fenoles (23,44 - 53,91 %), flavonoides totales (1,12 - 1,58 %) e índice de oxidación (2,25 - 4,33 segundos). Los espectros UV-VIS exhibieron un perfil de absorción con una banda amplia entre 240 nm y 340 nm. Todos los tratamientos a base de extractos de propóleos tuvieron un efecto inhibidor superior al 99 % sobre el desarrollo de unidades formadoras de colonias fúngicas. Los resultados permiten concluir que si bien los propóleos y extractos analizados en este trabajo presentaron diferentes características, coincidieron en la excelente actividad antifúngica sobre Penicillium sp.. Esto demuestra la potencialidad de los propóleos para el desarrollo de un biofungicida de uso agrícola.; Propolis is a viable alternative for chemical control of plant pathogens due to its antimicrobial properties. The present study was conducted to determine the sensorial, physical and chemical characteristics of four propolis from Argentina, and their respective hydroalcoholic extracts. In vitro antifungal activity of hydroalcoholic propolis extracts against Penicillium sp. that cause the decay of garlic (Allium sativum) was also studied. All propolis samples were composed of irregular fragments. The aroma was mainly resinous. The predominant colour was brown. The analysis of the raw samples showed differences in the parameters wax content (9.43-31.16 %), loss by heating (1.04-1.46 %), ashes (0.98-7.1 8 %) and melting point (63.16-67.5 °C). The hydroalcoholic extracts of propolis also differ in the dry residue (5.50-9.30 %), content of phenols (23.44-53.91 mg eq galic/g propolis), total flavonoids (11.23-15.88 mg eq quercetin/g propolis) and oxidation index (2.25- 4.33 seconds). The evaluation of the antifungal activity demonstrated that all the treatments containing propolis had an inhibitory effect over 99 % on fungi colony-forming units’ development. Although the physical and chemical study showed significant differences between propolis samples, all exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Penicillium sp. This demonstrates the potential of different propolis for the development of a biofungicide for agricultural use.

Empirical mode decomposition of multiphase flows in porous media: Characteristic scales and speed of convergence Echebarrena, Nicolas; Mininni, Pablo Daniel; Moreno, Gustavo Ariel We apply a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to data stemming from numerical simulations of a fingering instability in a multiphase flow passing through obstacles in a porous medium, to study water injection processes in the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs. We show that the time evolution of a properly defined flow correlation length can be used to identify the onset of the fingering instability. Computation of characteristic lengths for each of the modes resulting from the POD provides further information on the dynamics of the system. Finally, using numerical simulations with different viscosity ratios, we show that the convergence of the POD depends non-trivially on whether the fingering instability develops or not. This result has implications on proposed methods to decrease the dimensionality of the problem by deriving reduced dynamical systems after truncating the system’s governing equations to a few POD modes.

Decoloración fotocatalítica del Rojo de Alizarina S empleando nanocatalizadores de hierro; Photocatalytic decoloration of Alizarin S Red employing iron nanocatalysts Lerici, Laura Carolina; Varela López, Claudio; Leal Marchena, Candelaria; Vinuesa, Ariel José; Diguilio, Eliana; Renzini, Maria Soledad; Campos Figueroa, Cristian Los colorantes constituyen una clase importante de compuestos orgánicos que encuentran numerosas aplicaciones en nuestra vida cotidiana. El teñido produce efluentes que contienen entre el 10 y 15% del colorante que finalmente se depositan en los cuerpos de agua. Se sintetizaron y caracterizaron nanotubos de alúmina impregnados con 2, 6 y 10 % de hierro (Fe-NT), para ser empleados en la decoloración fotocatalítica del Rojo de Alizarina S (ARS). Por DRX se verificaron las señales características de la γ-Al2O3. El área superficial disminuyó con el aumento del contenido hierro oscilando entre 87 y 116 m2/g. La presencia de hierro fue confirmada por Absorción Atómica. Además, por TEM, se confirmó la estructura tipo nanotubo. Los materiales fueron evaluados catalíticamente en la decoloración del ARS obteniendo porcentajes de decoloración del 50% para el Fe-NT 2% y 85-90 % para los nanotubos con 6 y 10 % de hierro, respectivamente.; Dyes are an important organic compounds that find numerous applications in our daily lives. The dyeing produces effluents that contain between 10 and 15% of the dye that are finally deposited in the bodies of water. Alumina nanotubes impregnated with 2, 6 and 10% of iron (Fe-NT) were synthesized and characterized to be used in the photocatalytic degradation of Alizarine Red S (ARS). By XRD, the characteristic signals of γ-Al2O3 were verified. Surface area varying from 87 to 116 m2/g. The presence of iron was confirmed by Atomic Adsorption. In addition, the nanotube structure of the support was confirmed by TEM. The materials were evaluated catalytically in the degradation of the ARS obtaining percentages of degradation of 50% for the Fe-NT 2% and 85-90% for the nanotubes with 6 and 10% of iron, respectively.