Desafíos de la implementación de la atención primaria de la salud desde el enfoque de Derechos Humanos; Challenges of primary health care implementation from a Human Rights approach Echegoyemberry, Maria Natalia; Castiglia, Gabriela; Yavich, Natalia; Báscolo, Ernesto Pablo Este artículo tiene por objetivo reconocer los lineamientos y desafíos queplantea la implementación de la (Atención Primaria de la Salud) aps desdeel enfoque de Derechos Humanos. A estos efectos se parte de una revisióny análisis del surgimiento del concepto de Atención Primaria de la Salud(aps), sus concepciones, modo de implementación e interrelaciones con elsistema de salud, el derecho a la salud y el contexto socio-político, económicoy cultural. A partir de este análisis se concluye que: a) la implementaciónde la aps desde el enfoque de Derechos Humanos implica no sólo reconocera la aps como una estrategia sanitaria, un principio que guía y orienta lasacciones en salud y organiza los niveles de atención sino también como unaherramienta eminentemente política y social de constitución de ciudadaníay por lo tanto, relevante para la construcción de un marco legal nacional ysupranacional que obligue al Estado a actuar como garante y promotor delderecho a la salud b) la salud es un derecho humano fundamental e inescindiblede otros derechos económicos, sociales y culturales y c) las políticaspúblicas y los sistemas de salud deben estar basados en aps a los efectos degarantizar el acceso universal a la salud.; This paper is aimed at recognising the guidelines and challenges raised by the implementation of phc from a Human Rights approach. With this purpose we reviewed and analysed the origins of the primary health care (phc) concept, its meanings, implementation and interrelationships with the health system, the right to health and the social, political, economic and cultural context. As a result of this analysis we concluded that: a) the implementation of phc from a Human Rights approach means not just its recognition as a health strategy for organizing the health system and guiding principle for health actions but as a political and social tool for citizenship construction and as relevant concept for the development of national and supranational regulatory frameworks to compel the State to actas a guarantor and promoter of the right to health b) the right to health has to be recognised as a fundamental human right, inextricable from other economic, social and cultural rights and c) public policies and health systems needs to be based on phc in order to guarantee universal health access.

El rol de las universidades públicas argentinas en el desarrollo económico Hurtado de Mendoza, Diego Fabian; Zubeldia Brenner, Lautaro Las políticas tecnológicas necesarias para construir una senda de desarrollo social y económico constituyen uno de los problemas cruciales que enfrentan los estados no desarrollados. Algunos economistas llegan a afirmar que “el desarrollo económico consiste en adquirir y dominar las tecnologías avanzadas” (Chang, 2008: 81). Ahora bien, las dinámicas económicas, políticas, epistémicas y culturales que se ponen en juego en la gestión de “valor tecnológico” –actividades de investigación, desarrollo e innovación, procesos de aprendizaje y acumulación, transferencia de tecnología, asistencia técnica, ingeniería inversa, protección de la propiedad intelectual, comercialización, etc.– suponen que un país (principalmente su Estado cuando se trata de países no centrales) debe ser capaz de comprender qué tipo de conocimientos necesita, de producir el perfil de tecnólogos y científicos –naturales y sociales–, de orientar a sus instituciones y de incentivar/disciplinar a los sectores sociales relevantes en la economía del conocimiento –sectores empresariales, burocracias, gremios y comunidades de científicos y tecnólogos– en una dirección convergente con el proyecto de país plasmado en los objetivos políticos consensuados por mecanismos democráticos y expresados en las políticas públicas.

Amistades éxtimas y astralidad en Las lindas de Melisa Liebenthal Haber, Magalí En este artículo se analiza el documental Las lindas, de Melisa Liebenthal, que logra casi un pase mágico: tornar visible la serie de dispositivos que modelaron a aquellos cuerpos. Enunciados paternos, prejuicios sociales, fotografías y recuerdos del grupo son catalizadores para indagar las relaciones problemáticas de la directora con su propia imagen centradas en el tema de la voz y la belleza femenina. Lo que se signa en sus imágenes finales arroja una serie de preguntas en torno al carácter técnico o arcaico-astral de la imagen en sus relaciones con el erotismo, la belleza, la voz y los gestos.; This article analyzes the documentary Las lindas by Melisa Liebenthal. The film achieves almost magically to render visible the series of dispositives that shaped her and her friend's bodies. Parental statements, social prejudices, photographs and group memories are catalysts for investigating the director's problematic relationships with her own image focused on the theme of female voice and beauty. What is ciphered in the final images raises a series of questions on the technical or archaic-astral character of the image in its relations with eroticism, beauty, voice and gestures.

Políticas de inclusión digital en la formación docente; Políticas de inclusão digital na formação de docentes; Policies of digital inclusion in the teachers’ training Melendez, Cecilia Evangelina; Diaz, Ana Griselda; Yuni, Jose Alberto En este artículo nos proponemos abordar algunas tensiones generadas por el mandato instituyente de las Políticas de Inclusión Digital en la Formación Docente. Desde la perspectiva teórica del Análisis del Ciclo de las Políticas, propuesta por Stephen Ball, se problematizan diferentes aspectos y niveles de la puesta en acto de las políticas de referencia. A través de análisis documental, bibliográfico y de fuentes secundarias se focalizan diferentes dimensiones que dan cuenta de los componentes discursivos de orden enunciativo y de los dispositivos institucionales propuestos desde las políticas educativas, para incorporar las tecnologías digitales en las prácticas de enseñanza en el nivel superior. Finalmente, se postula que la inclusión digital en la formación docente requiere/supone el uso pedagógico de las TIC en las pedagogías de la formación inicial. Por ello se propone una reconceptualización de esta noción, indicando algunos presupuestos teórico-metodológicos generados en investigaciones precedentes.; Neste artigo propomo-nos abordar algumas tensões geradas pelo programa de incorporação das políticas de inclusão digital na formação de docentes. A partir da perspectiva teórica da Análise do Ciclo das Políticas proposta por Stephen Ball, problematizamos diferentes aspectos e níveis de implementação da política em causa. Baseando-nos em análise documental, bibliográfica e de fontes secundárias, focamos diferentes dimensões que dão conta das componentes discursivas de ordem enunciativa e dos dispositivos institucionais propostos pelas políticas educativas no sentido de incorporar a tecnologia digital nas práticas do ensino superior. Por fim, defende-se que a inclusão digital na formação de docentes requer/pressupõe o uso pedagógico das TIC nas pedagogias de formação inicial. Propõe-se então uma reconceptualização desta noção, apontando alguns pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos gerados em pesquisas anteriores.; In this article we propose to address some tensions engendered by the mandate to incorporate policies of digital inclusion in the teachers’ training. Drawing on the theoretical perspective of Policy Cycle Analysis proposed by Stephen Ball, different aspects and levels of implementation of the policies at stake are problematized. Based on the analysis of documentary, bibliographic and secondary sources, we analyse different dimensions that account for the discursive components and institutional arrangements proposed by educational policies for the incorporation of digital technologies in teaching practices at higher education. Finally, we claim that digital inclusion in the teachers’ training requires/supposes the pedagogical use of ICT in the pedagogies of earlier education. We therefore propose a reconceptualisation of this notion, indicating some theoretical and methodological postulates developed in previous research.

rhoCentralRfFoam: An OpenFOAM solver for high speed chemically active flows – Simulation of planar detonations Gutierrez Marcantoni, Luis Felipe; Tamagno, Jose Pedro; Elaskar, Sergio Amado A new solver developed within the framework of OpenFOAM 2.3.0, called rhoCentralRfFoam which can be interpreted like an evolution of rhoCentralFoam, is presented. Its use, performing numerical simulations on initiation and propagation of planar detonation waves in combustible mixtures H2–Air and H2–O2–Ar, is described. Unsteady one dimensional (1D) Euler equations coupled with sources to take into account chemical activity, are numerically solved using the Kurganov, Noelle and Petrova second order scheme in a domain discretized with finite volumes. The computational code can work with any number of species and its corresponding reactions, but here it was tested with 13 chemically active species (one species inert), and 33 elementary reactions. A gaseous igniter which acts like a shock-tube driver, and powerful enough to generate a strong shock capable of triggering exothermic chemical reactions in fuel mixtures, is used to start planar detonations. The following main aspects of planar detonations are here, treated: induction time of combustible mixtures cited above and required mesh resolutions; convergence of overdriven detonations to Chapman–Jouguet states; detonation structure (ZND model); and the use of reflected shocks to determine induction times experimentally. The rhoCentralRfFoam code was verified comparing numerical results and it was validated, through analytical results and experimental data.

Amicitia y (auto)ejemplaridad en las Epistulae Morales de Séneca Correa, Soledad Considerando que el tema de la amicitia y la importancia de los amici como modelos inspiradores en el camino hacia la sabiduría son planteados con fuerza desde el comienzo de las Epistulae Morales de Séneca, este trabajo analiza cómo el ego epistolar, a partir de una redefinición de la amicitia romana y del género epistolar, se apropia activamente del discurso ejemplar, dispositivo cultural clave para la construcción de la memoria en Roma (Roller, 2004). Nuestra hipótesis es que, desde el comienzo mismo de la colección, en el propio texto de las Epistulae se va construyendo el ideal de una uera amicitia filosófica y que, en todo momento, el ego epistolar busca dirigir la atención del lector hacia su propia ejemplaridad.; Taking into account the fact that amicitia and the importance of amici as inspiring models on the road to wisdom are strongly emphasized from the beginning of Seneca’s Epistulae Morales, the present paper analyzes how the epistolary ego, after redefining amicitia and the epistolary genre, actively appropriates exemplary discourse, a key cultural device which plays a central role in Román memory building (Roller, 2004). Our hypothesis is that, from the beginning of the letter collection, in the very text of the Epistulae an ideal of philosophical uera amicitia is built, and that, in all instances, the epistolary ego intends to direct the reader’s attention to his own exemplarity.

A comparison between individual factories and industrial clusters location in the forest supply chain Vanzetti, Nicolás Andrés; Corsano, Gabriela; Montagna, Jorge Marcelo A mathematical model for optimal supply chain design and planning is presented in this work. The concept of cluster, where several facilities producing different products are closely located, is introduced and specially considered. In order to analyze facilities integration, discounts on investment and production costs are assumed. In addition, tradeoffs between clusters and individual facilities configurations are assessed. The proposed approach is applied to a forest supply chain, where some production plants use the same raw materials while others compete for the use of byproducts and residuals. Results allow for costs reduction when resources and services are shared by plants within a cluster, where, besides, the effect of production scale on the overall SC is also taken into account.

Micorrizas arbusculares y hongos septados oscuros nativos en topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.) en Catamarca, Argentina. Di Barbaro, Maria Gabriela; Andrada, Horacio; Gonzalez Basso, Maria Valeria; Alurralde, Ana Lilia; del Valle, Eleodoro Eduardo; Brandan, Celia Ines Para determinar y valorar la infección fúngica radicular, se estudió la colonización por simbiontes fúngicos nativos en raíces de Topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.), cultivado en el Valle Central de la provincia de Catamarca, región árida del Noroeste Argentino. Los estudios se efectuaron mediante observación microscópica de estructuras fúngicas teñidas dentro de la raíz. La cuantificación de la infección se efectuó mediante metodologías de clarificación y conteo sobre cuadricula bajo lupa. Se observaron estructuras endomicorrícicas como hifas, arbúsculos y vesículas del tipo vesículo arbuscular (MVA) y de hongos endofíticos septados oscuros (ESO) con hifas tabicadas, melanizadas y con numerosos microesclerocios. Se determinó un alto nivel de colonización fúngica con ocurrencia simultánea de MVA y hongos ESO. Este estudio es el primer informe sobre colonización por MVA y ESO en raíces de topinambur.; In order to determine and evaluate the fungal root infection it was studied the colonization by native fungal symbionts in roots of jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) cultivated in the Central Valley of the province of Catamarca, an arid region at the Northwest of Argentina. The studies were made by: microscope observation of the stained root fungal structures. The infection quantification was made by clarification methodologies and count under magnifying glass. Endomycorrhizal structures of the vesicle arbuscular type were observed (MVA; hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles) and of septate dark endophytic fungi (DES; melanized septate hyphae and with numerous microesclerotia). A high level of fungi colonization was determined with simultaneous occurrence of vesicle arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) and fungi (DES). This study is the first report of the colonization by VAM and DES in roots of jerusalem artichoke.

Drosophila melanogaster, un versátil organismo modelo Franco, Diana Lorena; Ceriani, Maria Fernanda Historia del organismo modelo Drosophila melanogaster y su uso en el estudio de circuitos neuronales que gobiernan los comportamientos rítmicos del organismo.

Biopolítica, territorio y agronegocios; Biopolitics, land conflicts and agribusiness de Boeck, Martín Eduardo Se analizará brevemente la revisión que realiza Roberto Esposito (2006) de la crítica a la matriz jurídica moderna presente en la obra de Foucault, puntualmente en la categoría de propiedad, para adoptar su paradigma de inmunización como un marco hermenéutico plausible para dar cuenta de los conflictos territoriales en torno a los agronegocios. Este entramado jurídico serviría como instancia de legitimación para la restricción del acceso a la tierra, la opresión de medios de producción alternativos, y la utilización de productos contaminantes que afectan y desequilibran espacios situados fuera de los límites del territorio del propietario. Es sugerente la voz de alarma que levantan algunos intelectuales que afirman que este modelo de agricultura actual es parte de un proyecto geopolítico para reducir la población del planeta y eliminar al sujeto campesino.; We briefly analyze Roberto Esposito’s (2006) review on the critique of the modern legal matrix present in Foucault’s work, in particular the category of property, to adopt his immunization paradigm as a plausible hermeneutic framework to account for the territorial conflicts over agribusiness. This legal framework serves as an instance to legitimize the restriction to access to land, the oppression of alternative forms of production, and the use of polluting products that affect and unbalance spaces located outside the territory of the owner. It is worth hearing the alarm bells that some intellectuals raise posing that this actual model of agriculture is part of a geopolitical project to reduce the population of the planet and to eliminate farmers.

Papeles en la piedra: Imágenes del Tercer Reich en el registro material de un sitio arqueológico de la provincia de Misiones Schavelzon Chavin, Daniel Gaston; Igareta, Ana Teresa En la localidad de San Ignacio, provincia de Misiones, el estudio arqueológico deun conjunto de estructuras de piedra levantadas en medio de la selva reveló que setrata de una instalación moderna, edificada a mediados de 1940. El hallazgo de unrecipiente metálico con fotografías, monedas y otros objetos, escondido en el interiorde uno de los muros, permitió relacionar a sus constructores con eventos de la SegundaGuerra Mundial. La articulación de datos proporcionados por fuentes documentales ymateriales es siempre un proceso complejo para la investigación arqueológica, pero eldesafío es mayor cuando ambas forman parte de un mismo registro recuperado in situ.

Marine and freshwater invasive species research with emphasis on South America: An overview and synthesis of MFIS, Argentina Munawar, Mohiuddin; Bailey, Sarah; Sylvester, Francisco

Interaction of acylated and unacylated forms of E. coli alpha-hemolysin with lipid monolayers: a PM-IRRAS study Vazquez, Romina Florencia; Daza Millone, Maria Antonieta; Pavinatto, Felippe J.; Herlax, Vanesa Silvana; Bakas, Laura Susana; Oliveira, Osvaldo N.; Vela, Maria Elena; Maté, Sabina María Uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli produce virulence factors, such as the protein toxin alpha-hemolysin (HlyA), that enable the bacteria to colonize the host and establish an infection. HlyA is synthetized as a protoxin (ProHlyA) that is transformed into the active form in the bacterial cytosol by the covalent linkage of two fatty-acyl moieties to the polypeptide chain before the secretion of HlyA into the extracellular medium. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the fatty acylation of HlyA on protein conformation and protein-membrane interactions. Polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) experiments were performed at the air-water interface, and lipid monolayers mimicking the outer leaflet of red-blood-cell membranes were used as model systems for the study of protein-membrane interaction. According to surface-pressure measurements, incorporation of the acylated protein into the lipid films was faster than that of the nonacylated form. PM-IRRAS measurements revealed that the adsorption of the proteins to the lipid monolayers induced disorder in the lipid acyl chains and also changed the elastic properties of the films independently of protein acylation. No significant difference was observed between HlyA and ProHlyA in the interaction with the model lipid monolayers; but when these proteins became adsorbed on a bare air-water interface, they adopted different secondary structures. The assumption of the correct protein conformation at a hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface could constitute a critical condition for biologic activity.

Polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag ± Au) vein-type deposits in brittle-ductile transtensional shear zones, Eastern Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina): Age constraints and significance for the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution and metallogenesis Maffini, María Natalia; Wemmer, Klaus; Radice, Stefania; Oriolo, Sebastián; D'eramo, Fernando Javier; Coniglio, Jorge Enrique; Demartis, Manuel; Pinotti, Lucio Pedro This paper discusses new structural, kinematic and geochronological data from polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag ± Au) vein-type deposits hosted in the metamorphic basement of the southern Sierras de Córdoba. A Carboniferous age was established for the hydrothermal event between ∼329 and 315 Ma (Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian) by the K/Ar fine-fraction dating method of sericitic alteration related to metallic ore deposition in the Las Guindas and Oro districts. The obtained ages postdate the spatially associated Devonian magmatism and overlap the A-type Early Carboniferous magmatism defined for the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas. The presence of non-exhumed granitic bodies at shallow depths, possibly related to mineralization, is supported by available geophysical and field evidence. The strain fabric and 3-D kinematic analyses constitute first kinematic data for the Carboniferous basement of the Southern Sierras Pampeanas demonstrating that mineralization was controlled by NNW- and ENE-trending brittle-ductile transtensional shear zones that overprint the earlier high-strain deformation fabrics of the basement. Transtensional deformation has accommodated large amounts of strike-slip movements and subordinated extensional components. The calculated kinematic axes indicate a coherent kinematic pattern of the mineralized systems in the two studied districts, with a maximum extension direction oriented NNE- to NE and maximum shortening direction oriented WNW- to NW. This deformation regime, active during mineralization, point to a non-compressive setting at the Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian boundary. In line with other regional evidence, we propose a distinctive Carboniferous deformational phase in the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, dominated by transtension. This period would have occurred after the transition with the Devonian compressional/transpressional orogenic regime.

Ciencias del comportamiento y política tiempo de empujar la conducta de los gobernantes; Behavioral sciences and politics: time to nudge public officials Linares, Sebastián; Freidin, Esteban El enfoque de Behavioral Insights (BI) implica utilizar conocimientos de las cien- cias del comportamiento en el diseño, implementación y evaluación de políticas públicas. En general, los proyectos asociados a BI buscan afectar la conducta de los ciudadanos en sentidos socialmente deseables. En este artículo planteamos que el mismo enfoque puede ser utilizado como marco para “pensar” cómo moldear la conducta de los gobernantes con fi nes prosociales. Con este objetivo, discutimos dos conceptos: 1) la alineación de los incentivos de gobernantes y ciudadanos, y 2) el enfoque Nudge , que implica estructurar los ambientes de decisión para guiar a los agentes hacia fi nes prosociales. Concluimos mencionando algunas promesas y limitaciones del enfoque BI en general y de nuestras propuestas específicas en particular.; The Behavioral Insights (BI) approach involves the use of knowledge from the behavioral sciences in the design, implementation, and evaluation of public policy. In general, projects associated to BI attempt to affect citizens ́ behavior in socially desirable ways. In this article, we propose that the same approach can be used as a framework to “think” how to shape government of fi cials ́ behavior with pro- social ends. With this goal in mind, we discuss two concepts: 1) the alignment of incentives between government officials and citizens; and 2) the Nudge approach, which implies structuring decision environments to guide agents towards pro-social ends. We conclude by mentioning some promises and limitations of the BI approach, generally, and of our specific proposals.

Reply to “Photoredox Catalysis: The Need to Elucidate the Photochemical Mechanism” Ghosh, Indrajit; Bardagi, Javier Ivan; König, Burkhard Spectroscopic measurements and estimated thermodynamic values are important tools for the investigation of photocatalytic reaction mechanisms. However, data derived under idealized conditions fail to capture the complexity of reaction mixtures in preparative organic synthesis.

Comment on "spontaneous breaking of permutation symmetry in pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics" Fernández, Francisco Marcelo Li and Miao [Phys. Rev. A 85, 042110 (2012)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.85.042110] proposed a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian that is neither Hermitian nor PT symmetric but exhibits real eigenvalues for some values of the model parameters. In order to explain this fact, they resorted to PT-pseudo Hermiticity and to a so-called permutation symmetry. Here we show that the spectrum of this Hamiltonian can be easily analyzed in the usual way in terms of exact or broken antiunitary symmetries that appear to be more relevant than the permutation symmetry. In addition, we show why the authors' Hamiltonian and the well-known Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator lead to the same fourth-order differential equation for the coordinates.

Leptospira species molecular epidemiology in the genomic era Caimi, Karina Cynthia; Repetto, Silvia; Varni, Vanina Delia; Ruybal, Paula Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease which global burden is increasing often related to climatic change. Hundreds of whole genome sequences from worldwide isolates of Leptospira spp. are available nowadays, together with online tools that permit to assign MLST sequence types (STs) directly from raw sequence data. In this work we have applied R7L-MLST to near 500 genomes and strains collection globally distributed. All 10 pathogenic species as well as intermediate were typed using this MLST scheme. The correlation observed between STs and serogroups in our previous work, is still satisfied with this higher dataset sustaining the implementation of MLST to assist serological classification as a complementary approach. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences from R7-MLST loci allowed us to resolve taxonomic inconsistencies but also showed that events such as recombination, gene conversion or lateral gene transfer played an important role in the evolution of Leptospira genus. Whole genome sequencing allows us to contribute with suitable epidemiologic information useful to apply in the design of control strategies and also in diagnostic methods for this illness.

Application of 1-Dimensional and 2-Dimensional Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to the Characterization of Morphine, Morphine Hydrochloride, and Their Hydrates Romañuk, Carolina Beatriz; Garro Linck, Yamila; Alves de Santana, M. Silmara; Manzo, Ruben Hilario; Ayala, Alejandro P.; Monti, Gustavo Alberto; Chattah, Ana Karina; Olivera, Maria Eugenia The detailed knowledge of the solid forms of a drug is a key element in pharmaceutical development. Morphine (MOR) is an opiate alkaloid widely used to treat severe acute and chronic pain. Much of the available information on its solid state dates from several decades ago. In order to obtain updated and reliable information, 1-dimensional (1D) and 2-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used and complemented with powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy and thermal analysis. 13C cross-polarization with magic angle spinning 1D spectra accomplish a complete identification of the related forms of MOR. Remarkably, 1H-13C heteronuclear correlation spectra together with FTIR results gave clear evidence that neither MOR nor its hydrate crystallizes as a zwitterion. Our results indicate that the hydrogen bonds in the anhydrate forms have a different nature or strength than in their respective hydrates. The unique information obtained would be useful for the characterization of MOR as a bulk drug, dosage forms, and future developments.

Notions of the ergodic hierarchy for curved statistical manifolds Gomez, Ignacio Sebastián We present an extension of the ergodic, mixing, and Bernoulli levels of the ergodic hierarchy for statistical models on curved manifolds, making use of elements of the information geometry. This extension focuses on the notion of statistical independence between the microscopical variables of the system. Moreover, we establish an intimately relationship between statistical models and families of probability distributions belonging to the canonical ensemble, which for the case of the quadratic Hamiltonian systems provides a closed form for the correlations between the microvariables in terms of the temperature of the heat bath as a power law. From this, we obtain an information geometric method for studying Hamiltonian dynamics in the canonical ensemble. We illustrate the results with two examples: a pair of interacting harmonic oscillators presenting phase transitions and the 2×2 Gaussian ensembles. In both examples the scalar curvature results a global indicator of the dynamics.