Distancias cercanas y diferencias encontradas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires: El caso de los adultos y las adultas que viven en las calles. 1997-2011 Boy, Martín Guillermo En este artículo se trabajará sobre las limitaciones que se encuentran en el campo de la Sociología Urbana para pensar el encuentro de otredades de clase que reactualizan procesos de desigualdad social. Mucho se ha escrito sobre el proceso de segregación residencial que atravesó a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires desde la profundización del neoliberalismo en la década de 1990 pero poco se dice sobre cómo la crisis social, política y económica modificó el paisaje urbano y cómo diferentes grupos de pobres reocuparon áreas centrales de la ciudad para desarrollar en el espacio urbano estrategias de supervivencia. De esta forma, se intentará reproblematizar cómo los pobres también construyen usos y significaciones de un mismo espacio céntrico; In this article, we will discuss the limitations in the field of urban sociology to ponder on the encounter of class othernesses that recreates processes of social inequality. Several authors have written about the process of residential segregation that the City of Buenos Aires went through as from the deepening of neoliberalism in the 1990s. However, I consider that academic studies have not said enough about how the social, political and economic crisis has altered the urban landscape and how different groups of poor people reoccupied central areas of the city to develop survival strategies in the urban space. In this way, I will try to think upon how adults who live in the streets also devise uses and meanings of the same downtown area.

Estimación de evapotranspiración real (ETR) y de evapotranspiración potencial (ETP) en el sudoeste bonaerense (Argentina) a partir de imágenes MODIS; Estimation of real evapotranspiration (ETR) and potential evapotranspiration (ETP) in the southwest of the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) using MODIS images Marini, F.; Santamaría, M.; Oricchio, P; Di Bella, Carlos Marcelo; Basualdo, A Se han elaborado modelos para el cálculo de evapotranspiración real (ETR) y de evapotranspiración potencial (ETP) en base a un análisis de regresión múltiple entre dichos parámetros estimados en siete estaciones meteorológicas y dos variables derivadas de imágenes satelitales MODIS: Temperatura de Superficie (TS) e Índice Normalizado de Diferencia de Vegetación (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index -NDVI). Dichos modelos permitieron estimar ETR y ETP en el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) en base al análisis del período 2000/2014. Ambos fueron calibrados satisfactoriamente en cada una de las estaciones meteorológicas utilizadas. Se ajustó un modelo de regresión múltiple lineal a la variable ETR, con un coeficiente de determinación de 0,6959. En el caso de la variable ETP el modelo de regresión ajustado fue no lineal y su coeficiente de determinación de 0,8409. El análisis de regresión individual de cada una de las estaciones meteorológicas permitió explicar el comportamiento de la regresión basada en el conjunto completo de datos, tanto para la variable ETR como para la variable ETP. Los resultados refuerzan la ventaja de la teledetección en la estimación de ETR y ETP en zonas en donde no se dispone de datos meteorológicos.; Using regression analysis between actual evapotranspiration (ETR) and potential evapotranspiration (ETP) values obtained in seven meteorological observatories and remote sensing derived data from MODIS images (Surface temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI) models for estimating ETR and ETP in the southwest of the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) were developed for the 2000–2014 period. Both models were satisfactorily evaluated in the meteorological observatories used. A regression model was adjusted for ETR with a determination coefficient of 0,6959. Regression model was nonlinear in the case of the ETP variable with a determination coefficient of 0,8409. The individual regression analysis for each meteorological observatories explicate the behavior of the re­gression for the total data set of ETR and ETP. According to these results, the utility of remote sensing in determination of ETR and ETP in areas without meteorological data was confirmed.

Natural strategies for the control of Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood in honey bees: a review Alonso Salces, Rosa Maria; Cugnata, Noelia Melina; Guaspari, Elisa; Pellegrini, María Celeste; Aubone, Inés; de Piano, Fiorella Giselle; Antunez, Karina; Fuselli, Sandra Rosa American foulbrood (AFB) is a severe bacterial disease that affects larvae of honey bees (Apis mellifera). The causative agent of AFB is the spore-forming bacteria Paenibacillus larvae. The use of antibiotics for the control of AFB has led to the appearance of resistant bacterial strains and residues in beehive products. Nowadays, antibiotics are legally banned in several countries, and the affected colonies have to be destroyed by burning the hives. Therefore, the development of alternative methods for the control and prevention of AFB is necessary. In this context, different natural strategies based on the application of essential oils, plant extracts, propolis, royal jelly, nonconventional natural molecules, bacteria, and bacteriocines, have been studied in vitro and in vivo for the prevention and control of P. larvae. The experimental data achieved from these studies are reviewed and discussed in the present review, which intend to be a starting point for future research in the field.

La construcción de lo indecible: chisme, dato y etnografía en un contexto policial argentino; The unsayable: gossip, data and ethnography in an Argentinean police context Sirimarco, Mariana Gluckman señaló, hace tiempo, que una parte importante de ganar la membresía a un grupo es aprender sus escándalos: aprender que hay cosas que pueden decirse y cosas que no. ¿Qué sucede cuando, en el trabajo de campo, el antropólogo se topa con una información que es un chisme pero también puede ser un dato? ¿Cuándo y por qué se alcanza el límite de lo decible? Este trabajo aborda un episodio sucedido en el contexto de mi trabajo de campo en una escuela policial argentina, con la intención de reflexionar en torno a la antropología y su relación con la producción de conocimiento, y de desnudar las tensiones entre lo que el etnógrafo sabe, lo que se le permite saber y lo que alcanza finalmente el texto de la etnografía.; Some time ago, Gluckman stated that a most important part of gaining membership to a group is to learn its scandals: what you can say and what you may not. So, what happens during fieldwork when the anthropologist bumps into a piece of information that is considered gossip but it can also be considered data? When and why we reach the limit of what can be said? This paper addresses an episode that took place during my fieldwork in an Argentinean police school, with the aim of reflecting on the anthropological practice and its production of knowledge, and of undressing the tensions between what the ethnographer knows, what he is let to know and what it finally reaches the ethnographical text.

Analysis of the functional compatibility of SIV capsid sequences in the context of the FIV gag precursor Ovejero, César Antonio; Affranchino, Jose Luis; Gonzalez, Silvia Adriana The formation of immature lentiviral particles is dependent on the multimerization of the Gag polyprotein at the plasma membrane of the infected cells. One key player in the virus assembly process is the capsid (CA) domain of Gag, which establishes the protein-protein interactions that give rise to the hexagonal lattice of Gag molecules in the immature virion. To gain a better understanding of the functional equivalence between the CA proteins of simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses (SIV and FIV, respectively), we generated a series of chimeric FIV Gag proteins in which the CA-coding region was partially or totally replaced by its SIV counterpart. All the FIV Gag chimeras were found to be assembly-defective; however, all of them are able to interact with wild-type SIV Gag and be recruited into extracellular virus-like particles, regardless of the SIV CA sequences present in the chimeric FIV Gag. The results presented here markedly contrast with our previous findings showing that chimeric SIVs carrying FIV CA-derived sequences are assembly-competent. Overall, our data support the notion that although the SIV and FIV CA proteins share 51% amino acid sequence similarity and exhibit a similar organization, i.e., an N-terminal domain joined by a flexible linker to a C-terminal domain, their functional exchange between these different lentiviruses is strictly dependent on the context of the recipient Gag precursor.

Using optical imagery data for lithological mapping of composite volcanoes in high arid puna plateau. Tuzgle volcano case study; Mapeo litológico de volcanes compuestos en el plateau de la Puna usando datos satelitales ópticos: caso de estudio volcán Tuzgle Bustos, Emilce; Baez, Walter Ariel; Norini, Gianluca; Chiodi, Agostina Laura; Groppelli, Gianluca; Arnosio, José Marcelo Geological mapping of volcanic areas is important to unravel the evolution of the volcanism with important implication for the assessment of the geologic hazard and the exploration and exploitation of energy and mineral resources. Volcanic mapping in Puna plateau is a challenging task due to inaccessibility, extreme climatic conditions, high altitude above sea level and dangerous issues like minefields, so an effective and validated methodology for mapping isfundamental to ensure the quality of the final results for the end-users. A practical mapping methodology using optical imagery data tested in Cerro Tuzgle because of its well-known stratigraphy is presented. Some of the most common and well known processing techniques (false color combinations, band ratios and principal component analysis) were applied to multispectral data (Landsat 7, Landsat 8 and ASTER). Supervised classification and an assessment of the classification were produced for every image created. The quantitativeaccuracy of the classification maps resulting from different data sets was assessed by comparing the classification with ground truth data extracted from the geological map by means of a confusion matrix and related statistics. From the validation over several processing techniques, we found that supervised classification over PCA in multispectral data was the best methodologyfor lithological mapping in volcanic areas. Comparing the three multispectral sensors used in this work, we achieve better results and more accuracy with ASTER images. Low costs, data availability and broad swath of the multispectral data make these images valuable for lithological mapping in arid volcanic regions. This time- and cost-effective methodology is adequate tocomposite volcano preliminary mapping, but the correct reconstruction of the stratigraphy of a volcano always requires field survey.

Trans-sialidase-based vaccine candidate protects against Trypanosoma cruzi infection, not only inducing an effector immune response but also affecting cells with regulatory/ suppressor phenotype Prochetto, Estefanía Soledad; Roldán, Carolina; Bontempi, Iván; Bertona, Daiana; Peverengo, Luz María; Vicco, Miguel Hernán; Rodeles Antonelli, Luz María; Perez, Ana Rosa; Marcipar, Iván Sergio; Cabrera, Gabriel Prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccines have an important potential to control Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection. The involvement of regulatory/suppressor immune cells after an immunization treatment and T. cruzi infection has never been addressed. Here we show that a new trans-sialidase-based immunogen (TSf) was able to confer protection, correlating not only with beneficial changes in effector immune parameters, but also influencing populations of cells related to immune control. Regarding the effector response, mice immunized with TSf showed a TS-specific antibody response, significant delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity and increased production of IFN-γ by CD8+ splenocytes. After a challenge with T. cruzi, TSf-immunized mice showed 90% survival and low parasitemia as compared with 40% survival and high parasitemia in PBS-immunized mice. In relation to the regulatory/suppressor arm of the immune system, after T. cruzi infection TSf-immunized mice showed an increase in spleen CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) as compared to PBS-inoculated and infected mice. Moreover, although T. cruzi infection elicited a notable increase in myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the spleen of PBS-inoculated mice, TSf-immunized mice showed a significantly lower increase of MDSC. Results presented herein highlight the need of studying the immune response as a whole when a vaccine candidate is rationally tested.

Influencia de las descargas industriales y domésticas de los asentamientos urbanos sobre el Río Uruguay entre los años 1998 y 2004; Influence of urban industrial and domestic discharge on Uruguay River in the period 1998-2004 Llorente, Constanza Gabriela; Molina, Daniel Atilio; Zorzoli, Pablo Alejandro; Volpedo, Alejandra El Río Uruguay de 1800 km de longitud, tiene una cuenca que abarca una superficie de 339000 km2. En los últimos 508 km del río, es el límite fronterizo entre la República Argentina y la República Oriental del Uruguay. En este tramo se asientan siete ciudades importantes; de norte a sur se encuentran en el lado argentino Concordia, Colón, Concepción del Uruguay y Gualeguaychú, y del lado Salto, Paysandú y Fray Bentos. Estas ciudades han tenido un importante crecimiento en los últimos 50 años, sin embargo, la influencia de las mismas sobre el río no ha sido estudiada. En este trabajo analizaremos la influencia de estas descargas sobre el Río Uruguay en el periodo 1998-2004 y compararemos los valores de los parámetros fisco-químicos y biológicos obtenidos, con los niveles guía propuestos por la Comisión Administradora del Río Uruguay (CARU) y la línea base del cauce principal. Con ese objetivo, se recopilaron los datos de 12 campañas, realizadas en los meses de invierno y primavera. Los parámetros físico-químicos determinados fueron: conductividad, pH, oxígeno disuelto, alcalinidad, dureza, sólidos totales disueltos, nitratos, nitritos, amonios, fosfatos, los iones mayoritarios (Na+, K+; Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- , SO4 2-) y los (Cd2+, Cc2+, Cr3+ y Pb2+); y el parámetro biológico determinado fue bacterias coliformes fecales. Todos estos parámetros fueron analizados por métodos normatizados. Los resultados evidencian que las siete ciudades asentadas en las márgenes del Río Uruguay producen diferente influencia sobre la calidad de las aguas costeras del río. Los sitios de muestreo asociados a las ciudades de Concordia en la República Argentina y de Paysandú en la República Oriental del Uruguay son los que poseen valores superiores a los parámetros recomendados por la CARU para garantizar la calidad del agua con destino a abastecimiento público con tratamiento convencional. Es de destacar que si bien se observa una influencia importante de las descargas de las siete ciudades sobre el río, la misma es moderada debido a su capacidad autodepuradora.; Uruguay river is 1800 km long and its basin covers an area of 339000 km2. It is the international border between Argentina and Uruguay in its last 508 km along which seven cities are settled. From north to south Concordia, Colón, Concepción del Uruguay and Gualeguaychú are located on the Argentinian margin whereas Salto, Paysandú and Fray Bentos are on the Uruguayan margin. These cities have greatly developed in the last 50 years. However, their influence on Uruguay River has not been studied. This work was aimed at analyzing the impact of these discharges on the Uruguay River during the period 1998-2004 and at comparing the physicochemical values and biological parameters based on the levels proposed by the Administrative Commission of the Uruguay River (CARU, in Spanish) and the baseline of the main channel. Data from 12 winter or spring campaigns were gathered. The following physicochemical parameters were measured: conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids, nitrates, nitrites, ammoniums, phosphates, major ions (Na+, K+; Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- , SO4 2-) and metals (Cd2+, Cc2+, Cr3+ y Pb2+). Fecal coliform bacteria were considered to be a biological parameter. All these parameters were analyzed by applying standard methods. The results showed that the seven cities on Uruguay River banks produce different effects on the quality of its coastal waters. The sampling sites at Concordia in Argentina and Paysandú in Uruguay showed values higher than those recommended by the CARU to ensure water quality for public consumption with a conventional treatment. It is noteworthy that, although an important influence of the discharge of the seven cities on the river is observed, it is moderate due to its self-purifying capacity.

A glucose-targeted mixed micellar formulation outperforms Genexol in breast cancer cells Moretton, Marcela Analía; Bernabeu, Ezequiel Adrian; Grotz, Estefanía; Gonzalez, Lorena; Zubillaga, Marcela Beatriz; Chiappetta, Diego Andrés Breast cancer represents the top cancer among women, accounting 521.000 deaths per year. Development of targeted nanomedicines to breast cancer tissues represents a milestone to reduce chemotherapy side effects. Taking advantage of the over-expression of glucose (Glu) membrane transporters in breast cancer cells, we aim to expand the potential of a paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded mixed micellar formulation based on polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinylacetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Soluplus®) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) by its surface decoration with Glu moieties. The glycopolymer (Soluplus(Glu)) was obtained by microwave-assisted ring opening reaction of δ-gluconolactone initiated by Soluplus®. The glycosylation was confirmed by 1H NMR and by agglutination assays employing Concanavalin A. The hydrodynamic diameter of Soluplus(Glu) micelles was characterized by dynamic light scattering (100.3 ± 3.8 nm) as well as the critical micellar concentration value (0.0151% w/v). Then, a mixed micelle formulation employing Soluplus®, Soluplus(Glu) and TPGS (3:1:1 wt ratio) loaded with PTX (4 mg/mL) was developed as a multifunctional nanocarrier. Its in vitro anticancer performance in MCF-7 (1.6-fold) and MDA-MB-231 (14.1-fold) was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) versus the unique commercially available micellar-based PTX-nanoformulation (Genexol®). Furthermore, the in vitro PTX cellular uptake assays revealed that the drug intracellular/cell content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for the Glu-containing mixed micelles versus Genexol® after 6 h of incubation with MCF-7 (30.5-fold) and MDA-MB-231 (5-fold). Overall, results confirmed the potential of our Glu-decorated mixed colloidal formulation as an intelligent nanocarrier for PTX-targeted breast cancer chemotherapy.

Cristaloquímica de feldespatos y muscovitas de pegmatitas, aplicada a la prospección de posibles mineralizaciones de Nb-Ta/Sn-Li. Grupo Villa Praga-Las Lagunas, cercanías de Tilisarao, Distrito Conlara, San Luis, Argentina; Crystal chemistry of feldspar and muscovite from pegmatites of Villa Praga-Las Lagunas Group, Conlara District, San Luis. Relations with Nb-Ta/Sn-Li mineralizations Wul, Julieta Gisele; Lopez, Monica Graciela; Montenegro, Teresita Francis En cercanías de Tilisarao, provincia de San Luis, Argentina, aflora un conjunto de pegmatitas perteneciente al grupo Villa Praga-Las Lagunas, que forma parte del Distrito Pegmatítico Conlara. Este conjunto de pegmatitas se encuentra emplazado en esquistos y gneises del Complejo Metamórfico Conlara y posee signatura geoquímica tipo LCT (Li, Cs, Ta). Las pegmatitas son de clase muscovita a clase muscovita-elementos raros (MS-ELR), subclase MSELR-Li y clase elementos raros, subclase ELR-Li, tipo berilo y complejo. Se realizaron análisis químicos de elementos mayoritarios y trazas en feldespatos y muscovitas con el objetivo de caracterizarlos composicionalmente, establecer las posibles sustituciones acontecidas durante la cristalización e inferir el grado evolutivo de los cuerpos.A su vez se compararon los resultados a nivel local con análisis de pegmatitas del Complejo Metamórfico Conlara, a nivel regional con pegmatitas del Complejo Metamórfico Pringles y con ejemplos mundiales, con el objetivo de determinar potenciales mineralizaciones de Nb-Ta/Sn-Li. La pegmatita La Ribereña arrojó los resultados que más se acercan a un posible enriquecimiento en Nb/Ta.; West of Tilisarao, in San Luis province, Argentine, there is a group of pegmatites of LCT signature belonging to the Villa Praga-Las Lagunas Group, a part of the Conlara Pegmatitic District of the Sierra de San Luis. This group intrudes schist and gneiss of the Conlara Metamorphic Complex. These pegmatites belong to the Muscovite to Muscovite-Rare Elements (MS-REL) class, MSREL-Li subclass and Rare Elements, REL-Li subclass, Beryl and Complex type. Chemical analyses of major and trace elements of feldspars and muscovites were carried out to infer the evolution of the pegmatitic bodies throughout the analyses of the composition and possible substitutions occurred inside each crystal. Comparison of our results with those from other pegmatites of the Conlara District as well as with pegmatites of the Pringles Metamorphic Complex and global examples indicates that the La Ribereña pegmatite could potentially carry Nb-Ta mineralization.

Massive plasmablast response elicited in the acute phase of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome García, Marina; Iglesias, Ayelén Aluminé; Landoni, Verónica Inés; Bellomo, Carla; Bruno, Agostina; Córdoba, María Teresa; Balboa, Luciana; Fernández, Gabriela Cristina; Sasiain, María del Carmen; Martinez, Valeria Paula; Schierloh, Luis Pablo Beside its key diagnostic value, the humoral immune response is thought to play a protective role in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. However, little is known about the cell source of these antibodies during ongoing human infection. Herein we characterized B-cell subsets circulating in Andes-virus-infected patients. A notable potent plasmablast (PB) response that increased 100-fold over the baseline levels was observed around 1 week after the onset of symptoms. These PB present a CD3neg CD19low CD20neg CD38hi CD27hi CD138+/− IgA+/− surface phenotype together with the presence of cytoplasmic functional immunoglobulins. They are large lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) morphologically coincident with the ‘immunoblast-like’ cells that have been previously described during blood cytology examinations of hantavirus-infected patients. Immunoreactivity analysis of white blood cell lysates suggests that some circulating PB are virus-specific but we also observed a significant increase of reactivity against virus-unrelated antigens, which suggests a possible bystander effect by polyclonal B-cell activation. The presence of this large and transient PB response raises the question as to whether these cells might have a protective or pathological role during the ongoing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and suggest their practical application as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker.

Qualitative and quantitative modifications of root mitochondria during senescence of above-ground parts of Arabidopis thaliana Fanello, Diego Darío; Bartoli, Carlos Guillermo; Guiamet, Juan José This work studied modifications experienced by root mitochondria during whole plant senescence or under light deprivation, using Arabidopsis thaliana plants with YFP tagged to mitochondria. During post-bolting development, root respiratory activity started to decline after aboveground organs (i.e., rosette leaves) had senesced. This suggests that carbohydrate starvation may induce root senescence. Similarly, darkening the whole plant induced a decrease in respiration of roots. This was partially due to a decrease in the number of total mitochondria (YFP-labelled mitochondria) and most probably to a decrease in the quantity of mitochondria with a developed inner membrane potential (ΔΨm, i.e., Mitotracker red- labelled mitochondria). Also, the lower amount of mitochondria with ΔΨm compared to YFP-labelled mitochondria at 10d of whole darkened plant, suggests the presence of mitochondria in a “standby state”. The experiments also suggest that small mitochondria made the main contribution to the respiratory activity that was lost during root senescence. Sugar supplementation partially restored the respiration of mitochondria after 10d of whole plant dark treatment. These results suggest that root senescence is triggered by carbohydrate starvation, with loss of ΔΨm mitochondria and changes in mitochondrial size distribution.

Perceiving mental states: Co-presence and constitution; Perceber os estados mentais: copresença e constituição Danon, Laura; Kalpokas, Daniel Enrique Recently, several philosophers have called attention to the idea that there are occasions on which we can perceive (at least some) mental states of others. In this paper we consider two recent proposals in this direction: the co-presence thesis (Smith, 2010) and the hybrid model (Krueger & Overgaard, 2012). We will examine the aforementioned alternatives and present some objections against both of them. Then, we will propose a way of integrating both accounts which allows us to avoid such objections. Broadly stated, our idea is that by perceiving other people?s behaviors we also perceive their mental states because behaviors co-present some features of the latter, and that this perception of others? minds is direct and immediate because behavior is a constitutive part of the mental states in question.Key Words: mindreading, hybrid model, direct perception of other minds, co-presence thesis.; Nos últimos tempos, vários filósofos têm defendido a ideia de que, por vezes, podem-se perceber (pelo menos alguns) estados mentais dos outros. Neste artigo, vamos considerar duas propostas neste sentido: a tese da copresença (Smith, 2010) e o modelo híbrido (Krue- ger e Overgaard, 2012). Vamos examinar as alternativas mencionadas e apresentar algumas objeções contra eles. Então, vamos propor uma maneira de integrar ambas as explicações que nos permite evitar tais acusações. No geral, a nossa ideia é que, quando percebemos o comportamento dos outros nós também percebemos seus estados mentais, porque os estados mentais são coapresentados no comportamento, e que esta percepção das mentes dos outros é direta e imediata, porque o comportamento é parte integrante dos estados mentais em questão.

Differences in behavioural traits among native and introduced colonies of an invasive ant Blight, Olivier; Josens, Roxana Beatriz; Bertelsmeier, Cleo; Abril, Silvia; Boulay, Raphael; Cerdá, Xim Identifying the factors that promote the success of biological invasions is a key pursuit in ecology. To date, the link between animal personality and invasiveness has rarely been studied. Here, we examined in the laboratory how Argentine ant populations from the species’ native and introduced ranges differed in a suite of behaviours related to species interactions and the use of space. We found correlations among specific behavioural traits that defined an explorative-aggressive syndrome. The Main “European” supercolony (introduced range) more readily explored novel environments, displayed more aggression, detected food resources more quickly, and occupied more space than the Catalonian supercolony (introduced range) and two other Argentine supercolonies (native range). The two native supercolonies also differed in their personalities; one harbouring the less invasive personality, while the other is intermediate between the two introduced supercolonies. Therefore, instead of a binary pattern, Argentine ant supercolonies display a behavioural continuum that is independent on their geographic origin (native/introduced ranges). Our results also suggest that variability in personality traits is correlated to differences in the ecological success of Argentine ant colonies. Differences in group personalities may facilitate the persistence and invasion of animals under novel selective pressures by promoting adaptive behaviours. We stress that the concept of animal personality should be taken into account when elucidating the mechanisms of invasiveness.

On the stability of nucleoside diphosphate glucose metabolites: Implications for studies of plant carbohydrate metabolism Hill, Benjamín L.; Figueroa, Carlos Maria; Asención Diez, Matías Damián; Lunn, John E.; Iglesias, Alberto Alvaro; Ballicora, Miguel A. Nucleoside diphosphate sugars (NDP-sugars) are the substrates for biosynthesis of oligo-and polysaccharides, such as starch and cellulose, and are also required for biosynthesis of nucleotides, ascorbic acid, several cofactors, glycoproteins and many secondary metabolites. A controversial study that questions the generally accepted pathway of ADP-glucose and starch synthesis in plants is based, in part, on claims that NDP-sugars are unstable at alkaline pH in the presence of Mg2+ and that this instability can lead to unreliable results from in vitro assays of enzyme activities. If substantiated, this claim would have far-reaching implications for many published studies that report on the activities of NDP-sugar metabolizing enzymes. To resolve this controversy, we investigated the stability of UDP-and ADP-glucose using biophysical, namely nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and highly specifc enzymatic methods. Results obtained with both techniques indicate that NDP-sugars are not as unstable as previously suggested. Moreover, their calculated in vitro half-lives are signifcantly higher than estimates of their in planta turnover times. This indicates that the physico-chemical stability of NDP-sugars has little impact on their concentrations in vivo and that NDP-sugar levels are determined primarily by the relative rates of enzymatic synthesis and consumption. Our results refute one of the main arguments for the controversial pathway of starch synthesis from imported ADPglucose produced by sucrose synthase in the cytosol.

Leptolegnia chapmanii (Straminipila: Peronosporomycetes) as a future biorational tool for the control of Aedes aegypti (L.) Gutierrez, Alejandra Concepción; Rueda Páramo, Manuel Enrique; Falvo, Marianel Lucía; Lopez Lastra, Claudia Cristina; Garcia, Juan Jose The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about Leptolegnia chapmanii as a pathogen of mosquito larvae. To this end, we present data on its identification, distribution, host range and effects on non-target organisms, effects of environmental factors, in vitro growth, release and persistence in anthropic environments, and effect combined with other insecticides. The data presented allow confirming its potential as a biocontrol agent.

Macroevolution of thermal tolerance in intertidal crabs from Neotropical provinces: A phylogenetic comparative evaluation of critical limits Faria, Samuel C.; Faleiros, Rogério O.; Brayner, Fábio A.; Alves, Luiz C.; Bianchini, Adalto; Romero, Maria Carolina; Buranelli, Raquel C.; Mantelatto, Fernando L.; McNamara, John C. Thermal tolerance underpins most biogeographical patterns in ectothermic animals. Macroevolutionary patterns of thermal limits have been historically evaluated, but a role for the phylogenetic component in physiological variation has been neglected. Three marine zoogeographical provinces are recognized throughout the Neotropical region based on mean seawater temperature (Tm): the Brazilian (Tm = 26 °C), Argentinian (Tm = 15 °C), and Magellanic (Tm = 9 °C) provinces. Microhabitat temperature (MHT) was measured, and the upper (UL50) and lower (LL50) critical thermal limits were established for 12 eubrachyuran crab species from intertidal zones within these three provinces. A molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed by maximum likelihood using the 16S mitochondrial gene, also considering other representative species to enable comparative evaluations. We tested for: (1) phylogenetic pattern of MHT, UL50, and LL50; (2) effect of zoogeographical province on the evolution of both limits; and (3) evolutionary correlation between MHT and thermal limits. MHT and UL50 showed strong phylogenetic signal at the species level while LL50 was unrelated to phylogeny, suggesting a more plastic evolution. Province seems to have affected the evolution of thermal tolerance, and only UL50 was dependent on MHT. UL50 was similar between the two northern provinces compared to the southernmost while LL50 differed markedly among provinces. Apparently, critical limits are subject to different environmental pressures and thus manifest unique evolutionary histories. An asymmetrical macroevolutionary scenario for eubrachyuran thermal tolerance seems likely, as the critical thermal limits are differentially inherited and environmentally driven.

Evaluation of different hydrocolloids to improve dough rheological properties and bread quality of potato–wheat flour Liu, Xingli; Mu, Taihua; Yamul, Diego Karim; Sun, Hongnan; Zhang, Miao; Chen, Jingwang; Fauconnier, Marie Laure; Perez, Vanina Andrea The aim of study was to investigate the effect of hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), arabic gum (AG), konjac glucomannan (KG) and apple pectin (AP) at 2% (w/w, potato–wheat flour basis) on the potato–wheat dough (the mass ratio was 1:1) rheological, fermentation and bread making properties. The tan δ of potato–wheat dough was significantly increased upon addition of adding HPMC which was close to wheat dough (0.531). Moreover, dough height during fermentation process was significantly improved on addition of hydrocolloids, with the order of HPMC (23.1 mm) > AP (19.3 mm) > AG (18.6 mm) > KG (13.6 mm). Protein bands of potato–wheat dough were pale in the presence of hydrocolloids, suggesting the formation of higher molecular weight aggregates formed between proteins–hydrocolloids or proteins–proteins after fermentation process. Furthermore, HPMC significantly increased specific volume (from 1.45 to 2.22 ml/g), and hydrocolloids restricted the retrogradation of starch in potato–wheat breads.

Rutas y senderos prehispánicos como paisajes : las Quebradas Altas del Valle Calchaquí medio (Salta); Prehispanic paths and trails as landscapes : the high Quebradas of the mid Calchaqui Valley (Salta) Williams, Veronica Isabel; Villegas, Maria Paula El camino imperial que entraba en territorio argentino por el norte a la altura de Kalahoyo pasaba por la Puna y quebrada de Humahuaca dirigiéndose hacia el sur a la "provincia inka de Chicoana" en pleno valle Calchaquí en el noroeste de Argentina. En las quebradas altas del Calchaquí medio en la provincia de Salta se han reconocido una serie de sitios incas y tramos de caminería imperial, llevándonos a postular la importancia de las comunicaciones transversales entre los valles mesotermales y el ambiente puneño en este sector del Tawantinsuyu. Planteamos algunas posibilidades de comunicación entre distintas unidades geoambientales a partir del registro arqueológico e información histórica.; In the high ravines of the mid Calchaqui valley, Salta province, we have found a series of Inca sites and roads that led us to postulate the importance of transversal communications between mesothermal valleys and Puna environment in this area of the Tawantinsuyu. Based on the archaeological record and historical information from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, we discuss the possibilities of communication between different geographic and environmental units.

Examples of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras with the dual Chevalley property Andruskiewitsch, Nicolas; Galindo Martinez, Cesar Neyit; Müller, Monique We present new Hopf algebras with the dual Chevalley property by determining all semisimple Hopf algebras Morita-equivalent to a group algebra over a finite group, for a list of groups supporting a non-trivial finite-dimensional Nichols algebra.