Tercerización laboral, objetivos de las empresas y acción sindical: El caso del sector eléctrico argentino (1992-2016); Job outsourcing: company objectives, and union action: The case of the electricity sector in Argentina (1992-2016); Terceirização do trabalho: objetivos das empresas e ação sindical: O caso do setor elétrico argentino (1992-2016) Haidar, Julieta La tercerización laboral es un fenómeno que se extendió y complejizó de la mano del proceso mundial de reestructuración capitalista —a partir de los años setenta— al que también se vieron enfrentados los países de América Latina. Este artículo se propone contribuir a complejizar el campo de estudio sobre la tercerización laboral a partir de algunos interrogantes: ¿Cuáles son los objetivos que persiguen las empresas con la tercerización? ¿Cómo impacta este fenómeno la vida de los trabajadores y a sus organizaciones? ¿Qué políticas implementan los sindicatos frente a la tercerización? Para llevar a cabo el presente estudio, se utilizó una metodología cualitativa de caso, pues resulta ser la más pertinente para interpretar el fenómeno en profundidad. El caso analizado es el de las tercerizaciones en el sector eléctrico de Argentina entre 1992 y el 2016, específicamente el de los trabajadores de las principales empresas eléctricas emplazadas en la Capital Federal y la provincia de Buenos Aires y el del sindicato de Luz y Fuerza Capital Federal (LyF CF). A lo largo de la investigación, se abordan tres grandes ejes temáticos. En primer lugar, se hacen algunas precisiones conceptuales, se muestra cómo la tercerización laboral asume diferentes formas jurídicas y la manera como puede llegar a perseguir tres tipos de objetivos: tecnoeficientistas, económicos y políticos. En segundo lugar, se avanza en el estudio de caso, en el quese describe el proceso de tercerización en el sector eléctrico, se indaga acerca de los posibles objetivos que lo animan y se exponen sus efectos sobre los trabajadores eléctricos y el sindicato de lyf cf. En tercer lugar, se analiza qué política asumió la organización gremial frente a este proceso y se identifican algunas de sus acciones al respecto. Las conclusiones de la investigación se orientan a señalar que, aunque existe un gran acervo teórico sobre cuáles son las causas que llevan a las empresas a tercerizar, es preciso complejizar esa problemática con el acceso a más y mejores fuentes de investigación. Se advierte, además, que la tercerización implica una fragmentación y un debilitamiento de los derechos de los trabajadores y de su organización gremial, que constituye un sujeto activo que puede asumir distintas políticas de acompañamiento o confrontación.; Job outsourcing, as a phenomenon that became increasingly widespread and complex since the 1970s when the worldwide process of capitalist restructuring began, has also affected Latin American countries. The article seeks to contribute to a more complex analysis of job outsourcing, on the basis of the following questions: What are the objectives of companies that resort to outsourcing? How does it affect the lives of workers and their organizations? What policies are unions adopting in view of job outsourcing? In order to carry out this study, we selected a qualitative case methodology as the most pertinent to carry out an in-depth and complex analysis of the phenomenon. The case analyzed is that of outsourcing in the Argentinean electricity sector between 1992 and 2016, specifically that of the workers of the main power companies based in the Federal Capital and the Province of Buenos Aires and of the Luz y Fuerza Capital Federal (LyF CF) union. The article addresses three main themes. First of all, it makes some conceptual clarifications, showing how job outsourcing takes on different legal forms and how it pursues three types of objectives: techno-efficiency-based, economic, and political objectives. Secondly, it presents the case study, which describes the outsourcing process in the electricity sector, inquires into the possible objectives it seeks, and explains its effects on the electricity sector workers and the lyf cf union, on the one hand. On the other hand, it analyzes the policy adopted by the trade union in view of this process and identifies some of the actions it took in that respect. One of the conclusions of the research project is that although there are many theoretical studies on the causes that lead businesses to outsourcing, it is necessary to carry out more complex analyses of the issue through access to more and better research resources. The article also concludes that outsourcing entails a fragmentation and weakening of workers’ rights and of their union organization, which, as an active subject, can adopt different support or opposition policies.; A terceirização do trabalho é um fenômeno que se estendeu e se tornou complexo junto com o processo mundial de reestruturação capitalista —a partir dos anos setenta— que os países da América Latina também enfrentaram. Este artigo pretende contribuir para tornar o campo de estudo sobre a terceirização do trabalho mais complexo, com base em algumas indagações: quais objetivos que as empresas perseguem com a terceirização? Como ese fenômeno impacta a vida dos trabalhadores e suas organizações? Que políticas os sindicatos implantam diante da terceirização? Para realizar o presente estudo, utilizouse uma metodologia qualitativa de caso por ser mais pertinente para tornar complexo o fenômeno em profundidade e poder interpretá-lo. O caso analisado é o das terceirizações no setor elétrico da Argentina entre 1992 e 2016, especificamente os trabalhadores das principais empresas elétricas estabelecidas na Capital Federal e na província de Buenos Aires e o do sindicato de Luz e Força Capital Federal (LyF CF). Ao longo da pesquisa, abordam-se três grandes eixos temáticos. Em primeiro lugar, fazem-se algumas precisões conceituais, mostra-se como a terceirização do trabalho assume diferentes formas jurídicas e a maneira como pode chegar a perseguir três tipos de objetivos: tecnoeficientistas, econômicos e políticos. Em segundo lugar, realiza-se o estudo de caso no qual, por um lado, se descreve o processo de terceirização no setor elétrico, indaga-se sobre os possíveis objetivos que o estimulam e expõem-se seus efeitos sobre os trabalhadores elétricos e o sindicado de lyf cf. Por outro lado, analisa-se qual política assumiu a organização gremial ante esse processo e identificam-se algunas de suas ações a respeito. As conclusões da pesquisa indicam que, embora exista um grande acervo teórico sobre quais causas levam as empresas a terceirizarem, é preciso tornar complexa essa problemática com o acesso a mais e melhores fontes de pesquisa. Além disso, adverte-se que a terceirização implica organização gremial, a qual constitui um sujeito ativo que pode assumir diferentes políticas de acompanhamento ou confronto.

Evitismo liberal: Voluntarias y peronistas en el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de CABA durante la gestión PRO (2007-2015) Salerno, Agustin Describimos los perfiles y las trayectorias políticas de los funcionarios del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social del gobierno de la ciudad de Buenos Aires durante los años 2007 y 2015. Nos centramos en analizar regularidades de género, educativas, partidarias y profesionales al tiempo que buscamos comprender espacios de socialización que desbordan el partido político PRO y que constituyen entramados sociales importantes para explicar la llegada de los funcionarios a un área sensible como el de las políticas sociales en un contexto de consolidación del macrismo como fuerza de gobierno local. En términos de género se destaca la importancia de las mujeres en el área, que ingresan al ministerio a partir de sus vínculos con un padrino político, en general hombre. Las funcionarias más importantes del ministerio no tienen una especialización académica sino que se forman en ONG. Por otro lado, un conjunto de funcionarios tienen experiencia en la gestión debido a sus vínculos con el PJ de la ciudad o nacional. La tradición liberal de formación en ONG de los años 90 se complementa con un sector del peronismo que recupera la tradición evitista para pasar a ocupar cargos de gobierno en área de Desarrollo Social durante la gestión PRO.; In this article we describe the profiles and the political trajectories of officials of the Ministry of Social Development of the government of the city of Buenos Aires during 2007 and 2015. We focus on describing and analyzing gender, educational, partisan and professional regularities at the time that we seek to understand spaces of socialization that overflow the political party PRO and that are important social structures to explain the arrival of the civil servants to a sensible area like the one of the social policies in a context of consolidation of the macrism like force of local government. In terms of gender, the importance of women in the area is highlighted, who enter the ministry from their links with a political godfather, generally a man. The most important officials of the ministry do not have an academic specialization but are trained in NGOs. On the other hand, a group of officials have management experience due to their ties to the city or national PJ. The liberal tradition of NGO training in the 1990s is complemented by a sector of Peronism that regains the Evitian tradition to move to the position of government in the area of Social Development during PRO management.

La hipótesis del mestizaje en América Latina: del multiculturalismo neoliberal a las formas contenciosas de la diferencia Brighenti, Maura; Gago, Maria Veronica La disputa acerca del mestizaje comienza a jugar un papel fundamental en Latinoamérica entre finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX para adquirir una inédita difusión global en el curso de los años ochenta y noventa, cuando se ubica en el centro de las teorías multiculturales, especialmente las norteamericanas. A partir de experiencias territoriales y campos teóricos distintos, la socióloga boliviana Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui y la antropóloga argentina, arraigada hace tiempo en Brasil, Rita Segato reconstruyen la parábola conceptual del mestizaje, atravesando un recorrido sorprendentemente común. En sus escritos de los años noventa, ambas denuncian la función ornamental y simbólica del mestizaje una vez insertado en las retóricas multiculturales, como mero adorno de las políticas neoliberales, mediante el invento de pretendidas minorías, depositarias residuales de una identidad guardiana de la naturaleza. A ese despojo de la vitalidad de los sujetos subalternos, en sus escritos más recientes, las autoras contraponen nuevas y potentes ontologías que problematizan la idea misma de mestizaje y que, incorporando la larga historia de los cuerpos silenciados y arcaizados, pueden quizás expresar la pulsión radicalmente descolonizadora de las formas contenciosas de las diferencias que habitan los complejos territorios latinoamericanos contemporáneos.; The dispute on métissage starts to play a fundamental role in Latin America inside the modernist debates about the national unity between the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century, to later acquire an unprecedented global diffusion in the eighties and the nineties of the last century. Using the writings of the Bolivian sociologist Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui and of the Argentinian anthropologist, who has long since been active in Brazil, Rita Segato, the essay reconstructs the historic and political happening of métissage in Latin America. The authors show that it is an historical concept which worked as an instance of legitimation both in the period of colonial oppression and later in the epoch of republican modernization. It represents the instrument to hide -if not to delete- the original character of modern State; for this reason it has been able to play a fundamental role in the epoch of liberalism as much as in the neoliberal one. However in métissage what is also at stake is that it can express the radically de-colonizing impulse of the differences as forms of litigation which inhabit the complex contemporary Latin American territories.

La intervención estatal en el mundo del trabajo: la aplicación de la Ley de Descanso Dominical en el centro bonaerense (Tandil, 1917-1930); State intervention in the working world: The application of the Sunday Rest Law in the center of Buenos Aires (Tandil, 1917-1930); A intervenção estatal no mundo do trabalho: a aplicação da lei do Descanso dominical no centro de Buenos Aires (Tandil,1917-1930); L’intervention de l’État dans le monde du travail: l’application de la Loi du Repos Dominical dans le centre de la province de Buenos Aires (Tandil, 1917-1930) Barandiaran, Luciano Oscar El objetivo es analizar en el ámbito rural y urbano del centro bonaerense el accionar del Departamento del Trabajo de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (DPT), a través de la aplicación de la Ley de Descanso Dominical. A partir de un estudio de caso, se pretende observar las relaciones establecidas entre aquella repartición provincial y la sociedad local del partido de Tandil y su zona de influencia. Se estudian las formas iniciales de vinculación de los funcionarios provinciales y las problemáticas obreras del interior bonaerense, y las reacciones causadas por la intervención de los funcionarios del DPT.; The purpose of this article is to analyze, in the rural and urban areas of the center in Buenos Aires, the actions of the Department of Labor of the Province of Buenos Aires (DPT), through the application of the Sunday Rest Law. Based on a case study, it is intended to observe the relations established between that provincial division and the local society of the Tandil party and its area of infuence. It is studied the initial forms of provincial offcials’ labor links and Buenos Aires workers issues as well as the reactions caused by the actions of DPT offcials.; O objetivo é analisar no âmbito rural y urbano do centro de Buenos Aires, a ação do Departamento do Trabalho da Província de Buenos Aires (DPT), através da aplicação da lei do Descanso dominical. A partir de um estudo do caso, pretende-se observar as relações estabelecidas entre esta repartição provincial e a Sociedade local do partido de Tandil e sua zona de infuência. Estudam-se as formas iniciais de vinculação dos funcionários da província, a problemática operária do interior de Buenos Aires, e as reações causadas pela intervenção dos funcionários do DPT.; Le but est d’analyser dans le domaine rural et urbain du centre provincial la gestion du Département du Travail de la province de Buenos Aires (DPT), à travers l’application de la Loi du Repos Dominical. À partir d’une étude de cas, on prétend repérer les relations instaurées entre cette division provinciale et la société locale du parti de Tandil et sa zone d’infuence. On étudie les formes initiales d’embauche des fonctionnaires provinciaux et les problématiques ouvrières de l’intérieur de la province de Buenos Aires et les réactions provoquées par l’intervention des fonctionnaires du DPT.

Modeling the fiber addition influence on the small strain shear modulus of sand Vettorelo, Paula Vanesa; Clariá, Juan José The mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced soils has been extensively studied in the last decades. Previous studies have shown that inclusion of fibers increases the shear strength of the reinforced soil. However, the presence of fibers can reduce, in some cases, the stiffness of the composite material. In this paper, we study the change on the initial stiffness in alluvial sand reinforced with polypropylene fibers. A model based on Hertz elastic contact theory is developed in order to explain the trends of shear wave velocity and maximum shear modulus in the fiber reinforced sand as the fiber content varies. The model assumes that the shear wave is transmitted through elastic distortions at the contacts, so the stiffness of the contacts governs the initial shear modulus, which in turn is affected by fiber additions. Furthermore, the ratio between the amount of grain to fiber contacts and the total of contacts on the shear wave path influence the maximum shear modulus. An experimental testing program involving confined compression tests with shear wave velocity measurements of unreinforced and fiber-reinforced sand specimens was undertaken to validate the proposed model trends. The model predictions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

Trayectorias de clase y percepciones temporales sobre la posición ocupada en la estructura social: Un abordaje multidimensional de las clases sociales argentinas (2003-2011); Class paths and historical representations of the social class position: A multidimensional approach to the Argentinian social classes (2003-2011) Pla, Jésica Lorena El artículo aborda desde una perspectiva cualitativa las construcciones de sentido, comprendidas como percepciones que los sujetos elaboran con relación a la posición social que ocupan. Lo hace abordando el modo en el que dichos sujetos construyen interpretaciones presentes que incluyen el pasado y el futuro y, a partir de esas elaboraciones, ponen en práctica estrategias para organizar las trayectorias de movilidad social de los integrantes del hogar. La técnica usada fue la de historia de vida, analizadas estas de manera comparativa. De manera general se encontró que el origen social tiene efecto sobre el modo en el cual se construyen dichas percepciones. Las clases sociales mejor posicionadas en la estructura social presentan percepciones relativamente certeras sobre el futuro, referenciadas a las capacidades (propias) de establecer estrategias para lograrlo. En cambio, en quienes experimentan procesos de movilidad intergeneracional de corto alcance y/o de movilidad espuria se observa una idealización del pasado y una inconformidad con el presente que se traduce en incertidumbre con el futuro. En cuanto a las clases trabajadoras, refieren a una mejora en sus condiciones de vida, sustentada en la tríada empleo-seguridad social-consumo y a un contexto (político económico) que mantenga esos elementos.; The article examinates, from a qualitative perspective, the constructions of meaning (perceptions) that people elaborate in relation to the social position they occupy. It does so by approaching the way in which these subjects construct present interpretations, including a past and a future reference and, from these elaborations, they put into practice strategies to organize the trajectories of social mobility of the members of the household. The technique used was that of life history, analyzed in a comparative way. In general it was found that social origin has an effect on the way in which such perceptions are constructed. The social classes best positioned in the social structure present relatively accurate perceptions about the future, referenced to the (own) capacities to establish strategies to achieve it. In contrast, those who experience processes of short-range intergenerational mobility and/or spurious mobility see an idealization of the past, and a disagreement with the present that translates into uncertainty with the future. As for the working classes refer to an improvement in their living conditions, based on the triad employment –social security– consumption and a context (political economic) that maintains these elements.

Characterisation and transferability of transcriptomic microsatellite markers for Nothofagus species El Mujtar, Verónica Andrea; López, María Gabriela; Amalfi, Sabrina; Pomponio, María Florencia; Marcucci Poltri, Susana Noemí; Torales, Susana Discriminant molecular markers are required for research on population genetics, as well as evolutionary studies involving identification of hybrids and parental species, or detection of the genome regions under selection. We provide a set of 27 transcriptomic microsatellite markers (SSRs) for South American Nothofagus species, derived from 73 Nothofagus alpina (=N. nervosa) annotated unigenes. Rates of cross-amplification ranged from 22% to 37%. Genetic characterisation of 22 transcriptomic SSRs for N. alpina and N. obliqua reveals low genetic variability, due to the general occurrence of one major allele at each locus, and high specificity, with few alleles shared between species (14%). At inter-species level 95% of loci were discriminant, with a total G''st over loci of 0.9, indicating that alleles were mostly fixed for all loci in both species. At intra-species level the number of markers with significant differentiation was 2.5 times higher for N. obliqua than for N. alpina populations. Moreover, transcriptomic SSRs showed higher performance compared with published anonymous microsatellites isolated from genome sequences without annotation. This set of transcriptomic microsatellites will be useful to the scientific community working on conservation and evolutionary aspects of Nothofagus species.

A Critical Taxonomy of the Theories About the Paths into the Reduction Perkins, Patricio Agustín The paths or ways to the transcendental reduction are a pivotal phenomenological notion in Husserl’s philosophy. The metaphor of path, in fact, alludes to the demonstrative proofs of transcendental phenomenology. Nonetheless, Husserlian scholarship has not yet been able to end the disputes surrounding this topic, and as a result, competing interpretations continue to prevail. Since existing theories about the paths have not yet been cataloged or analyzed in their global context, I intend to classify the main existing theories about the paths and evaluate the trend established by Iso Kern. Thus, this paper answers the following questions: how many kinds of theories about the paths are there? And, how plausible is the trend and approach initiated by Kern? In order to evaluate each theory, I will compare the interpretation with its exemplary cases. The key contribution of this investigation is therefore twofold: to distinguish with unequivocal concepts the two main trends of hermeneutical theories in play and to evaluate the plausibility of the aforementioned Kernian one. The paper also attempts to show that the hermeneutical approach initiated by Kern has no contextual examples for its conceptual scheme and should consequently be abandoned in favor of an alternative solution.

Confort térmico en espacios verdes urbanos de ambientes áridos.; Thermal comfort in urban green spaces in arid environments Kurban, Alejandra Silvia; Cunsulo, Mario Esteban En la planificación bioclimática de las ciudades y particularmente las ubicadas en ambientes áridos, los espacios verdes representan un potencial higrotérmico desaprovechado como mitigadores del clima urbano. El presente trabajo cuantifica el confort térmico de espacios verdes urbanos (EVU) de una ciudad del centro-oeste de Argentina localizada en la Diagonal Árida Sudamericana, a partir del índice UTCI. Este índice se calcula a partir de mediciones climáticas en 19 EVU, realizadas en el verano del año 2014. El valor de dicho índice en cada EVU se referencia con el calculado para su entorno urbano. El porcentaje de diferencia entre ellos permite agrupar el desempeño bioclimático de los EVU en cinco categorías, en función de su divergencia con las condiciones climáticas generales de la ciudad. Los resultados permiten individualizar los parámetros arbóreos mínimos que deben poseer los EVU, como objetivo de una planificación bioclimática del verde urbano en ciudades de ambientes áridos.; In the bioclimatic planning of cities and particularly those located in arid environments, green spaces represent a missed hygrothermal opportunity as mitigators of urban climate. This article quantifies the thermal comfort of urban green spaces (UGS) in a city in west-central Argentina located in the South American Arid Diagonal, based on the UTCI index. This index was calculated from climatic measurements taken in 19 UGS in the summer of 2014. In each UGS, the value of the UTCI index was compared with that calculated for the urban surroundings. The percentage difference between them was used to group the bioclimatic performance of UGS into five categories according to the divergence with the city´s general climatic conditions. The results made it possible to identify the minimum tree parameters for UGS, as an objective of the bioclimatic planning of urban green areas in cities in arid environments.

Análisis estratigráfico de las secuencias neopaleozoicas de la Precordillera Septentrional; Stratigraphic analysis of the Neopaleozoic sequences in the northern Precordillera Limarino, Carlos Oscar; Schencman, Laura Jazmín; Alonso Muruaga, Pablo Joaquin; Cesari, Silvia Nelida En este trabajo se discuten la nomenclatura estratigráfica, evolución paleoambiental, contenido fósil y edad de las unidades carboníferas y pérmicas de la Precordillera septentrional. El intervalo Mississippiano es caracterizado desde el punto de vista litológico en el área tipo del Grupo Angualasto (Sierra de Malimán), examinando las relaciones con secuencias de similar edad expuestas en otros sectores de la Precordillera (formaciones Jagüel, Agua de Lucho, Cerro Tres Cóndores y Loma de Los Piojos). La evolución paleoambiental de este intervalo incluye varios episodios transgresivos y al menos un evento glacial durante el Viseano-Serpukhoviano temprano. Para el Pennsylvaniano inferior y medio se discute el significado estratigráfico de las formaciones Guandacol y Tupe (Grupo Paganzo), estableciéndose las relaciones con las formaciones Río del Peñón, Quebrada Larga, Panacán y Volcán definidas por autores previos. Todas estas unidades representan la sedimentación postorogénica acaecida luego del levantamiento de la Protoprecordillera ocurrido entre el Devónico tardío y el Mississippiano. Desde el punto de vista paleoambiental este intervalo representa condiciones glaciarias (base de la Formación Guandacol), un evento transgresivo postglacial y la posterior progradación de sistemas fluviodeltaicos (parte media y superior de la Formación Guandacol). Durante la depositación de la Formación Tupe la sedimentación fue dominantemente fluvial e interrumpida por al menos dos eventos transgresivos. Finalmente el Carbonífero más tardío y Pérmico temprano (Gzheliano-Cisuraliano) aparece representado en la Precordillera septentrional por la secuencia de bancos rojos perteneciente a la Formación Patquía, esta unidad resulta temporalmente correlacionable con los miembros medio y superior de la Formación Quebrada Larga o Río del Peñón.; This paper deals with the stratigraphic nomenclature, paleoenvironmental evolution, fossil assemblages and age of the Carboniferous and Permian units outcropping in the northern Precordillera. The Mississippian stratigraphy is characterized in the type area of the Angualasto Group (sierra de Malimán) and the relations with other sequences of similar age exposed in the Precordillera examined in detail (Jagüel, Agua de Lucho, Cerro Tres Cóndores and Loma de Los Piojos Formations). The paleoenvironmental evolution of the Mississippian comprises several transgresive events and at least one glacial episode during the Visean-early Serpukhovian. Regarding the lower and middle Pennsylvanian, the stratigraphic meaning of the Guandacol and Tupe Formations (Paganzo Group) is analyzed, as well as the correlations with the Río del Peñón, Quebrada Larga, Panacán and Volcán Formations which were defined by previous authors in Precordillera. All these units represent the post orogenic sedimentation that took place after the uplift of the Protoprecordillera during the Late Devonian - Mississippian. From the paleoenvironmental point of view, the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian interval was dominated by glacial conditions (base of the Guandacol Formation), followed by a transgressive postglacial event and the later progradation of fluviodeltaic systems (middle and upper part of the Guandacol Formation). During the deposition of the Tupe Formation, the sedimentation was dominantly fluvial and interrupted by two transgressive episodes. Finally, the red beds of the Patquía Formation records the latest Carboniferous and early Permian (Gzhelian-Cisuralian), this unit is a time equivalent with the middle and upper members of the Quebrada Larga and Río del Peñón Formations.

A high precision U–Pb radioisotopic age for the Agrio Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina: Implications for the chronology of the Hauterivian Stage Aguirre-Urreta, Maria Beatriz; Schmitz, Mark; Lescano, Marina Aurora; Tunik, Maisa Andrea; Rawson, Peter F.; Concheyro, Graciela; Buhler, Mariano; Ramos, Victor Alberto A new CA-ID TIMS U–Pb age of 130.39 ± 0.16 Ma is presented here from the Pilmatué Member of the Agrio Formation, lower Hauterivian of the Neuquén Basin in west-central Argentina. This high precision radioisotopic new age, together with the two former ones from the upper Hauterivian Agua de la Mula Member of the Agrio Formation and modern cyclostratigraphic studies in the classical sections of the Mediterranean Province of the Tethys indicate that the Hauterivian Stage spans some 6 Ma, starting ca. 132 Ma and ending ca. 126 Ma. These radioisotopic ages are tied to ammonite biostratigraphy and calcareous nannofossil bioevents and biozones recognized in the Neuquén Basin which in turn are correlated with the Mediterranean standard zones. A new geological time scale for the Valanginian–Hauterivian stages in the Mediterranean region integrating astrochronological and radiochronological data differs with the current official geological time scale which still maintains poorly constraint absolute ages for the Berriasian-Aptian interval.

Synthesis of Gadolinium-based Nanostructures Through an Enzymatic Liposome-controlled Reaction Municoy, Sofia; Bellino, Martin Gonzalo The success of synthesis of varied nanostructures requires the precise precipitation of materials at particular location. Here, gadolinium carbonate nanocapsules or macroporous structures have been successfully synthesized via interplay control on enzymatic precipitation and liposome templating. The nanostructures reflected the shape of the liposomes, where spherical 560 nm size and porous architectures with large pores of 200–300 nm diameter (corresponding to sections along liposomes) ensembles were formed. The manipulation over location of ureases in the liposome system and the temperature-actuated vesicle permeability were crucial factors in determining the morphology of the final product. This liposome-directed enzymatic precipitation represents a powerful yet facile method for lanthanide-based nanostructures synthesis for promising applications.

A new adenovector system for implementing thymulin gene therapy for inflammatory disorders Zappa Villar, María Florencia; López León, Micaela; Pardo, Joaquin; Costa, Mariana Inés; Crespo, Rosana; Dardenne, Mireille; Goya, Rodolfo Gustavo; Reggiani, Paula Cecilia Thymulin is a thymic peptide possessing anti-inflammatory effects. In order to manipulate thymulin expression in gene therapy studies, we built a bidirectional regulatable two-vector Tet-Off system and the corresponding control system. The experimental two-vector system, ETV, consists of a recombinant adenovector (RAd) harboring an expression cassette centered on a Tet-Off bidirectional promoter flanked by a synthetic gene for thymulin and the gene for humanized Green Fluorescent Protein (hGFP). The second adenovector of this system, RAd-tTA, constitutively expresses the regulatory protein tTA. When cells are co-transduced by the two adenovector components, tTA activates the bidirectional promoter and both transgenes are expressed. In the presence of the antibiotic doxycycline (DOX) transgene expression is deactivated. The control two-vector system, termed CTV, is similar to ETV but only expresses hGFP. In CHO-K1, BHK, and C2C12 cells, ETV and CTV induced a dose-dependent hGFP expression. In CHO-K1 cells, transgene expression was almost completely inhibited by DOX (1 mg/ml). After intracerebroventricular injection of ETV in rats, thymulin levels increased significantly in the cerebrospinal fluid and there was high hGFP expression in the ependymal cell layer. When injected intramuscularly the ETV system induced a progressive increase in serum thymulin levels, which were inhibited when DOX was added to the drinking water. We conclude that our regulatable two-adenovector system is an effective molecular tool for implementing short and long-term anti-inflammatory thymulin gene therapy in animal models of acute or chronic inflammation.

El amor de l@s rar@s: cine y homosexualidades durante la década de 1980 en Argentina; Queer love: argentinian films and homosexuality in the eighties Blazquez, Gustavo Este trabajo se detiene en el análisis de los modelos que permiten imaginar y experimentar relaciones (homo)afectivas a partir de una serie de films argentinos. Específicamente nos interesa describir y comparar imágenes elaboradas en el “destape alfonsinista” de mediados de la década de 1980 relacionadas con encuentros homoeróticos. Las películas consideradas son Adiós Roberto (Enrique Dawi, 1985) y Otra historia de amor (Américo Ortiz de Zárate, 1986) que presentan el amor entre los muchachos y Atrapadas (Aníbal Di Salvo, 1984) Correccional de mujeres (Emilio Vieyra, 1986) y Sucedió en el internado (Emilio Vieyra, 1985) que escenifican relaciones lésbicas. Para acercarnos a esas producciones, que reservan el amor para los varones y ubican a las lesbianas en la cárcel, nos valemos de la noción de “guiones sexuales” elaborada por Gagnon y Simon en sus estudios sobre la conducta sexual. El análisis de esas historias de amor y sexo, cinematográficamente objetivadas, permitirá describir cómo se decían/hacían diferencialmente posiciones de género, eróticas, edad, y clase en esos años.; This paper focuses on the analysis of models to imagine and experience (homo)affective relationships in some Argentine films. Specifically we describe and compare images concernin g homoerotic encounters made during the "destape" of the mid - 1980s. The films in question are Adiós Roberto (Enrique Dawi, 1985) and Otra historia de amor (Américo Ortiz de Zárate, 1986) that present the love between men and Atrapadas (Aníbal Di Salvo, 198 4), Correcional de mujeres (Emilio Vieyra, 1986) and Sucedió en el internado (Emilio Vieyra, 1985) that portray lesbian relationships. To approach these texts we use the notion of "sexual scripts" developed by Gagnon and Simon in their studies on sexual be havior. The analysis of these stories of love and sex, cinematically objectified, allow us to describe how gender, eroticism and social class were perfomatively (re)produced in those years. The differences in the ways of doing homosexuality (in)visible dem onstrate the complexity and variations of the sexual morality in the post - dictatorship Argentina culture.

Decomposition from legume and non-legume crop residues: effects on soil organic carbon fractions under controlled conditions; Descomposición de restos de cultivos de leguminosas y no leguminosas: Efectos sobre las fracciones de carbono orgánico del suelo bajo condiciones controladas; Decomposição de resíduos da cultura de leguminosas e não leguminosas: Efeitos, em condições controladas, nas frações de carbono orgânico do solo de Sa Pereira, Eduardo; Duval, Matias Ezequiel; Galantini, Juan Alberto Cover crop (CC) residues protect the soil from erosion and their permanence on the surface is largely influenced by their biochemical constituents. We performed a study under controlled conditions to investigate the dynamics of legume and non-legume CC residues decomposition and the transformations of the soil labile organic carbon fractions in the surface layer (0-15 cm). Theexperiment was carried out on a Typic Argiudoll (clay loam, 27.4 g kg-1 soil organic matter, 14 mg kg-1 extractable phosphorus and 6.5 pH) placed in undisturbed pots (1570 cm3) in a greenhouse under controlled conditions of temperature (25 ± 1 °C). We evaluated three CC species (oat, Avena sativaL.; vetch, Vicia sativa L.; Persian clover, Trifolium resupinatum L.) and a no-CC control (fallow). Shoot residues were applied on the soil surface at 5.4, 5.4 and 2.7 g dry matter (equivalent to 6, 6 and 3 Mg ha-1 for oat, vetch and clover, respectively) and incubated for 362-days (eight sampling times). The water content in the pots was maintained periodically by weight at 60% of soil water-holding capacity. The soil samples were analyzed for particulate organic carbon (POC), and total and soluble carbohydrates (CHt and CHs, respectively). Oat and vetch residues decomposed faster than clover, with the decomposition rate constant (k) values of 1.3, 1.4 and 1.9 year-1, respectively. At the end ofthe experiment, POC concentration was lower in vetch (1.83 g kg-1) and clover (1.96 g kg-1) than in oat (2.21 g kg-1) and fallow (3.00 g kg-1), indicating a loss of 45-64% from their initial values. Soil CHt was influenced by residue quality, where the periods of greatest residue decay (vetch 21-59 daysand oat 93-130 days) corresponded to higher soil CHt. Hence, this organic carbon fraction is sensitive to residue decomposition and can be indicators of changes in soil organic matter over short periods of time.; Los cultivos de cobertura (CC) protegen al suelo de la erosión y su permanencia en el tiempo está influenciada en gran medida por su composición química. Se realizó un estudio en condiciones controladas para investigar la dinámica de descomposición de residuos de CC y las transformaciones de las fracciones orgánicas lábiles en la capa superficial del suelo (0-15 cm). El experimento se llevó a cabo en un Typic Argiudoll (franco arcilloso, 27,4 g kg-1 de materia orgánica del suelo, 14 mg kg-1 de fósforo extraíble y 6,5 de pH) colocado sin disturbar en macetas (1570 cm3 ) en invernadero bajo condiciones controladas de temperatura (25 ± 1 °C). Se evaluaron tres especies de CC (avena, Avena sativa L.; veza, Vicia sativa L. y trébol, Trifolium resupinatum L.) y un control sin CC (barbecho). En la superficie del suelo, se aplicaron 5,4, 5,4 y 2,7 g de materia seca (equivalentes a 6, 6 y 3 Mg ha-1 de avena, veza y trébol, respectivamente) y se incubaron durante 362 días (ocho fechas de muestreo). El contenido de agua en el suelo de las macetas fue mantenido al 60% de la capacidad de retención de agua. En las muestras de suelo se determinó carbono orgánico particulado (POC), y carbohidratos totales y solubles (CHt y CHs, respectivamente). Los residuos de avena y veza se degradaron más rápidamente que el trébol, con tasas de descomposición (k) de 1,3, 1,4 y 1,9 años-1, respectivamente. Al final del experimento, la concentración de POC fue menor en el suelo con veza (1,83 g kg-1) y trébol (1,96 g kg-1) que con avena (2,21 g kg-1) y barbecho (3,00 g kg-1), lo que indica una pérdida de 45-64% de sus niveles iniciales. Los CHt fueron influenciados por la calidad de los residuos, donde los períodos de mayor descomposición de residuos (veza 21-59 días y avena 93-130 días) coinciden con los mayores contenidos de CHt en el suelo. Por lo tanto, esta fracción de carbono orgánico es sensible a la descomposición de residuos y puede ser indicadores de cambios en la materia orgánica del suelo durante cortos períodos de tiempo.; Os resíduos de cobertura (CC) protegem o solo da erosão e a sua permanência na superfície do solo é largamente influenciada pelos seus constituintes bioquímicos. Realizou-se um estudo, em condições controladas, para investigar a dinâmica da decomposição dos resíduos CC provenientes de leguminosas e não leguminosas e as transformações das frações de carbono lábeis na camada superficial do solo (0-15 cm). O ensaio foi realizado em estufa, em condições controladas de temperatura (25 ± 1 °C), num Typic Argiudoll (franco argiloso, com 27,4 g kg-1 de matéria orgânica, 14 mg kg-1 de fósforo extraível e pH 6,5) que foi colocado, sem o perturbar, em vasos (1570 cm3 ). Avaliaram-se três espécies de CC (aveia, Avena sativa L.; ervilhaca, Vicia sativa L. e trevo-da-Pérsia, Trifolium resupinatum L.) e um controlo sem CC (pousio). Na superfície do solo aplicaram-se 5,4; 5,4 e 2,7 g de matéria seca (equivalente a 6; 6 e Mg ha-1 de aveia, ervilhaca e trevo-da-Pérsia, respetivamente) e incubaram-se durante 362 dias (oito datas de amostragem). Nos vasos, o conteúdo em água no solo foi mantido a 60% da sua capacidade de retenção de água. Nas amostras de solo foram analisados o carbono orgânico particulado (POC) e os hidratos de carbono totais e solúveis (CHt e CHs, respetivamente). Os resíduos de aveia e ervilhaca decompõem-se mais rapidamente do que os de trevoda-Pérsia, com valores de taxa de decomposição constante (k) de 1,3; 1,4 e 1,9 ano-1, respetivamente. No final do ensaio, a concentração de POC era mais baixa nos solos com ervilhaca (1,83 g kg-1) e trevo-da-Pérsia (1,96 g kg-1) do que nos solos com aveia (2,21 g kg-1) e em pousio (3,00 g kg-1), indicando uma perda de 45-64% em relação aos valores iniciais. Os valores de CHt no solo foram influenciados pela qualidade dos resíduos, onde os períodos de maior decomposição destes (ervilhaca: 21-59 dias e aveia: 93-130 dias) correspondem às maiores concentrações de CHt no solo. Assim, esta fração de carbono orgânico é sensível à decomposição do resíduo e pode ser um indicador das alterações na matéria orgânica do solo durante curtos períodos de tempo.

Estudio de fluido magnetoreológico con nanopartículas de Níquel y base aceite Mesquida, César Darío; Ramos, Susana Beatriz; Zysler, Roberto Daniel; Soldati, Analía Leticia; Soria, Carlos; Pettinari, Gisela Roxana Los fluidos magnetoreológicos (FMR) son de interés ya que pueden modificar el diseño y el funcionamiento de dispositivos electromecánicos debido a su capacidad de cambiar significativamente su viscosidad bajo la influencia de un campo magnético. Este hecho ha estimulado una intensa actividad de investigación con el objetivo de desarrollar distintas aplicaciones. En este trabajo se sintetizaron y caracterizaron nanopartículas de Ni para su uso como fase dispersaen un FMR utilizando aceite vegetal como fase continua. Para esta suspensión se midió la viscosidad en función del campo magnético y la velocidad de corte, así como el comportamiento viscoelástico en función de una deformación oscilatoria. Se observa que la viscosidad aparente aumenta con el campo magnético aplicado. Además, el campo magnético aplicado induce cambios en las propiedades viscoelásticas del fluido, que pasa a estar dominado por el módulo elástico o de almacenamiento a lo largo de toda la gama de frecuencias ensayadas. El rendimiento viscoelástico de la suspensión de nanopartículas de Ni ensayada revela un interesante comportamiento magnetoreológico, cuando se compara con otros fluidos magnéticos descritos en la literatura, a saber, los desarrollados con partículas comerciales de hierro y óxido de hierro, materiales que generalmente se emplean para este tipo de aplicaciones.; Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) are of interest since they can modify the design and operation of electromechanical devices due to their capacity to significantly change their viscosity under the influence of a magnetic field. This fact has stimulated an intense research activity with the aim of developing applications in electromechanical systems. In this work we synthesized and characterized Ni nanoparticles (Ni NP) for their latter use as a MRF component using vegetal oil as the continuum phase. For this suspension, the shear frequency and magnetic field-dependent viscosity, as well as the viscoelastic behavior as a function of the oscillatory applied load, are measured. It is found that the apparent viscosity increases with the applied magnetic field. Also, the applied magnetic field induces changes in the viscoelastic properties of the fluid, which turns to be dominated by the elastic or storage mode along the whole range of frequencies tested. The viscoelastic performance of the present Ni NP suspension reveals an interesting magnetorheological behavior, when compared to other magnetic fluids reported in the literature, namely, those based on commercial iron and iron oxide particles, materials that are more generally used for this type of applications.

Multiple approaches to understanding the taxonomic status of an enigmatic new scorpion species of the genus Tityus (Buthidae) from the biogeographic island of Paraje Tres Cerros (Argentina) Ojanguren Affilastro, Andres Alejandro; Adilardi, Renzo Sebastián; Cajade, Rodrigo; Ramirez, Martin Javier; Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara; Mola, Liliana Maria Tityus curupi n. sp., belonging to the bolivianus complex, is described from the biogeographically distinct area of Paraje Tres Cerros in north-eastern Argentina. We also present a molecular species delimitation analysis between Tityus curupi n. sp. and its sister species Tityus uruguayensis Borelli 1901 to confirm species integrity. Furthermore, a cytogenetic analysis is presented for these two species which contain different multivalent associations in meiosis, as a consequence of chromosome rearrangements, and the highest chromosome numbers in the genus.

Representantes y representaciones de Argentina en la Organización Internacional del Trabajo en la década de 1920; Argentine's representatives and representations in the International Labor Organization on the 1920´s Stagnaro, Andrés; Caruso, Laura Gabriela El artículo aborda la relación de la Argentina y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) a través de los distintos representantes que concurrieron a las Conferencias anuales del organismo durante la década del veinte del siglo pasado, en momentos en que la OIT estaba en proceso formativo. Los informes que estos delegados hicieron públicos -en el caso de los delegados gubernamentales informes elevados a las autoridades, en el caso de los delegados obreros y patronales publicados en diversos medios- permiten analizar las expectativas que portaban al interactuar en un organismo internacional que tenía sus propios objetivos. En muchos casos la OIT fue un escenario más en la disputa entre el estado, los patrones y los obreros, y en otros se puede percibir la uniformidad de criterios en relación a algunos tópicos particulares, tales como el lugar de la Argentina en relación a su legislación laboral. Al mismo tiempo la participación de las delegaciones argentinas exigieron la adecuación del sistema de relaciones establecido entre los sindicatos y el Estado ya que ante la ausencia de un mecanismo formal en la elección de los representantes obreros este fue reemplazado por mecanismos adhoc en el que primaba la coyuntura de conflictividad local; The article approach the relations between the Argentine and the International Labor Organization (ILO) through the different argentine ´s representatives on the ILO´s annual conferences during the formative process on the 1920´s. The representative´s reports –in the case of the government´s representatives those reports were raised to the authorities, in the case of the workers and employers delegates the reports were published in different publications– allowed us to analyze those delegates expectations while they interact with a an organizations with their own objectives. In many cases the ILO was just another stage in the dispute between the state, the workers and the employers, in others we will be able to see the uniformity of criteria in some topics, such as the spot of argentine´s labor legislation. At the same time, Argentine´s participation on the ILO´s conferences demands the adequacy of the relations system between the State and the workers unions. In the absence of this kind of mechanism the workers representative elections depends on the moment of local labor unrest.

Análisis envolvente de datos: Un caso de estudio para una universidad argentina; Data envelopment analysis: A case study for one Argentinian university; Análise envoltória de dados: Um estudo de caso para uma universidade Argentina Villarreal, Fernanda Soledad; Tohmé, Fernando Abel Este artículo presenta un caso de estudio en el que se analiza la eficiencia relativa del plan de estudios de un programa universitario. Esta cuestión es muy relevante, ya que los cursos del plan están financiados con fondos públicos y por lo tanto afectan la eficiencia del gasto público global. El método aplicado es el análisis envolvente de datos (DEA, por sus iniciales en inglés). Los resultados permiten identificar los cursos optativos ineficientes que deberían aumentar el número de estudiantes y reducir al mismo tiempo el número de miembros del cuerpo docente asignados a ellos para mejorar su eficiencia. En el caso de cursos obligatorios, la mejora también requiere reducir el número de docentes auxiliares.; This article presents a study case in which we analyze the relative efficiency of the curriculum of a university degree program. This is a relevant question, since the required courses are publicly funded and thus affect the efficiency of global public spending. The method applied is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Through the our results, we were able to identify inefficient non-mandatory courses that should increase the number of students while reducing the number of faculty members assigned to them to improve their efficiency. In the case of mandatory courses, improvement also requires to reduce the number of adjunct faculty.; Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso em que a eficiência relativa do currículo de um programa universitário é analisada. Esta questão é muito relevante porque os cursos do plano são de financiamento público e, portanto, afetam a eficiência da despesa pública global. O método aplicado é a análise envoltória de dados (DEA, por sua sigla em Inglês). Os resultados permitem identificar eletivas ineficientes que deveriam aumentar o número de alunos e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzir o número de membros do corpo docente que lhes foram atribuídos para melhorar a sua eficiência. No caso de cursos obrigatórios, a melhoria também requer reduzir o número de assistentes de ensino.

Porphyromona gingivalis, patogeno de relevancia en la enfermedad periodontal Britos, María R.; Sin, Cynthya Solange; Ortega, Silvia Mercedes Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.Gingivalis) es un microorganismo comprometido en el inicio y progresión de la enfermedad periodontal crónica y agresiva, y es considerado su principal agente etiológico. Esta bacteria cuenta con una serie de factores de virulencia que le permiten iniciar el proceso infeccioso, perpetuar la infección y también transformar la placa dental benigna en una comunidad microbiana patógena. Estudiar sus factores de virulencia y su capacidad de modular la respuesta inmunológica del huésped es muy importante para comprender el papel de este patógeno en el desarrollo y establecimiento de la enfermedad. Esta revisión proporciona una visión actual sobre los factores de virulencia y su impacto sobre la respuesta inmunológica en relación con la patogénesis de la enfermedad periodontal.; Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. Gingivalis) is a microorganism involved in the onset and progression of chronic and aggressive periodontal disease, and is considered its main etiological agent. This bacterium has a number of virulence factors that allow it to initiate the infectious process, perpetuate the infection and also transform the benign dental plaque into a pathogenic microbial community. Studying their virulence factors and their ability to modulate the host's immune response is very important in understanding the role of this pathogen in the development and establishment of the disease. This review provides a current view on virulence factors and the irimpac to the immune response in relation to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.