Effect of cultivars and planting date on yield, oil content, and fatty acid profile of flax varieties (Linum usitatissimum L.) Gallardo, Maricel Andrea; Milisich, Héctor José; Drago, Silvina Rosa; González, Rolando José In order to determine the effect of cultivars and planting date on flax fatty acid profile, seed yield, and oil content, an assay with seven cultivars (Baikal, Prointa Lucero, Prointa Ceibal, Panambí INTA, Curundú INTA, Carapé INTA, and Tape INTA) was carried out at Parana Agricultural Experimental Station, Argentina. Significant differences among cultivars were found for content of palmitic (5–7 g/100 g), stearic (5–8 g/100 g), linoleic (13–19 g/100 g), saturated (11–15 g/100 g), and unsaturated acids (92–96 g/100 g) within the seven cultivars. The best seed yields were observed in Prointa Lucero and Carapé INTA varieties (2091.50 kg·ha−1 and 2183.34 kg·ha−1, respectively) in the first planting date and in Carapé INTA and Prointa Lucero (1667 kg·ha−1 and 1886 kg·ha−1, respectively) in the second planting date. A delayed planting date had a negative effect on seed yield (1950 kg·ha−1 and 1516 kg·ha−1) and oil content (845 kg·ha−1 and 644 kg·ha−1) but did not affect oil composition.

A regional audit of nitrogen fluxes in pampean agroecosystems Alvarez, Roberto; Steinbach, Haydée; de Paepe, Josefina Calculations of nitrogen (N) budgets can help in the understanding of agroecosystem functioning and in proposing more sustainable management strategies. Changes in the main N fluxes of the pampean agroecosystems of Argentina were calculated over time. The impact of management changes on regional N budget and possible future trends were estimated. Changes in land use were quantified using national censuses data. Biological N fixation of leguminous forages was assessed using a regression model and local field experimental data. Nitrogen fixation by soybean, the most extensive grain crop, was calculated using an existing model. Fertilizer input was based upon farmer surveys, and atmospheric N input estimated using local data. Nitrogen output by grain harvest was estimated using national yield statistics and averaged grain N concentration derived from many field experiments widespread over the region. During the last 50 years cropped area has doubled as a result of the widespread adoption of soybean as the main component of rotations. The agricultural expansion included areas previously used for grazing on seeded pastures and seasonal graminaceus forages. The historical N budget of the entire region was positive but has dropped from 2.0 Mt y−1 in 1960 to 1.3 Mt y−1 at present. This reduction implies that N fixation by soybean and fertilizer application were lower than the previous livestock/pasture systems N input. During the cropping phase of rotations the N budget was usually negative in the past. Currently, in low yielding areas of semiarid environments, the N budget turned positive; meanwhile in humid climates with high productivity scenarios it remained negative. Fertilizer rates applied balanced N output in the former case but not in the latter. Partial factor productivity of N inputs increased from 3- to 6-fold during the last 50 years in the Pampas. Uncertainties related to the estimations performed are discussed.

Characterization and bacterial adhesion of chitosan-perfluorinatedacid films Bierbrauer, Karina Lilian; Alasino, Roxana Valeria; Muñoz, Adrián; Beltramo, Dante Miguel; Strumia, Miriam Cristina We reported herein the study and characterization of films obtained by casting of chitosan solutions in perfluorinated acids, trifluoroacetic (TFA), perfluoropropionic (PFPA), and perfluorooctanoic (PFOA). The films were characterized by FTIR, solid state 13C NMR, X-ray, AFM, contact angle, thermogravimetric effluent analysis by mass spectrometry, and rheology. The results showed a marked influence of chain length of the perfluorinated acids on the hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio of the modified chitosan films which was evidenced by the different characteristics observed. The material that showed greater surface stability was chitosan-PFOA. Chitosan film with the addition of PFOA modifier became more hydrophobic, thus water vapor permeability diminished compared to chitosan films alone,this new material also depicted bacterial adhesion which,together with the features already described, proves its potential in applications for bioreactor coating.

Hyperhalophilic archaeal biofilms: growth kinetics, structure and antagonistic interaction in continuous culture Di Meglio, Leonardo Gabriel; Busalmen, Juan Pablo; Pastore, Juan Ignacio; Ballarín, V. L.; Nercessian, Debora Biofilms by the hyperhalophilic archaea Halorubrum sp. and Halobacterium sp. were analyzed, and for the first time the progression of structural features and the developmental parameters of these sessile populations are described. Optical slicing and digital analysis of sequential micrographs showed that their three dimensional structure was microorganism dependent. Biofilms of Halobacterium sp. developed in clusters that covered about 30% of the supporting surface at the interface level and expanded over about 86 ± 4 μm in thickness, while Halorubrum sp. biofilms covered less than 20% of the surface and reached a thickness of 41 ± 1 μm. The kinetics of growth was lower in biofilms, with generation times of 27 ± 1 and 36 ± 2 h for Halobacterium sp. and Halorubrum sp., respectively, as compared to 8.4 ± 0.3 and 14 ± 1 h in planktonic cultures. Differences between microorganisms were also observed at the cell morphology level. The interaction between the two microorganisms was also evaluated, showing that Halobacterium sp. can outcompete already established Halorubrum sp. biofilms by a mechanism that might include the combined action of tunnelling swimmers and antimicrobial compounds.

Effect of a sublethal high-pressure homogenization treatment on the fatty acid membrane composition of probiotic lactobacilli Tabanelli, G.; Patrignani, F; Gardini, F.; Vinderola, Celso Gabriel; Reinheimer, Jorge Alberto; Grazia, L.; Lanciotti, R. High-pressure homogenization (HPH) has been proposed to be applied directly to lactic acid bacterial cells at sublethal levels to enhance some functional properties. As the principal target of HPH are the cell surface envelope structures, the aim of this work was to study the effect of a HPH treatment, applied at 50 MPa, on cell membrane stress responses of alreadyknown functional strains, isolated from Argentinean products. Specifically, the membrane fatty acid composition of cells before and after the sublethal treatment was investigated, and the results showed that plasma membranes, their level of unsaturation and their composition are involved in response mechanisms adopted by microbial cells when subjected to a sublethal HPH stress. In fact, the data obtained demonstrated that the treatment was able to modify the fatty acid profile of the different strains, although a uniform response was not observed. Further studies are necessary both to elucidate the role of each fatty acid in the cell response mechanisms and to clarify the changes in membrane compositions induced by HPH treatment also in relation to the applicative potential of this technique.

Longitudinal study of the species composition and spatio-temporal abundance of Anopheles Larvae in a Malaria risk area in Argentina Dantur Juri, Maria Julia; Galante, Guillermina Begoña; Zaidenberg, Mario; Almiron, Walter Ricardo; Claps, Guillermo Luis; Santana, Mirta Species composition and spatio-temporal abundance of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae and their relationship with environmental variables were studied in an endemic malarious area of northwestern Argentina, where Anopheles pseudopunctipennis is the main vector involved in malaria transmission. From Dec 2001 to Dec 2005, we performed monthly samplings of different aquatic larval habitats, such as puddles, irrigation canals, ponds and pools of Mountain Rivers. To determine the relationship among environmental variables and larval abundance, we used Poisson's regression analysis. We collected 5,079 larvae of which An. pseudopunctipennis was the most abundant species followed by Anopheles argyritarsis and Anopheles evansae. The density of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis larvae fluctuated between the end of spring until autumn, when malaria cases occur in the area. Concurrently, the larval densities of the other anophelinae species fluctuated throughout these climatic seasons. Poisson regression revealed that an increase of mean minimum temperature produced an increase in the abundance of An. pseudopunctipennis and An. argyritarsis. The mean maximum temperature and the water temperature greatly influenced the abundance of An. pseudopunctipennis, An. evansae and An. strodei. Increases of these temperature variables produced increases in abundance of these species. These factors should be taken into consideration when control measures for immature mosquitoes are implemented to reduce the number of larval habitats and the production of larvae, which may ultimately result in the elimination of malaria in this area.; La composición de las especies y la abundancia espacio-temporal de las larvas de Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) y su relación con las variables ambientales fueron estudiadas en un área endémica para malaria en el noroeste de Argentina, donde Anopheles pseudopunctipennis es el principal vector involucrado en la transmisión de la enfermedad. Entre diciembre de 2001 y diciembre de 2005 se realizaron muestreos mensuales de diferentes hábitats larvales acuáticos tales como charcos, canales de riego, estanques y ríos de montaña. Para determinar la relación entre las variables ambientales y la abundancia larval, se utilizaron análisis de regresión de Poisson. Se recolectaron 5.079 larvas, de las cuales Anopheles pseudopunctipennis fue la especie más abundante seguida de Anopheles argyritarsis y Anopheles evansae. Las larvas de An. pseudopunctipennis mostraron una fluctuación desde fines de primavera hasta el otoño, cuando los casos de malaria aparecen en el área. Mientras que las otras especies de larvas de anofelinos fluctuaron a lo largo de las estaciones climáticas. Las regresiones de Poisson revelaron que un aumento de la temperatura media mínima produce un incremento en la abundancia de An. pseudopunctipennis y de An. argyritarsis. La temperatura media máxima y la temperatura del agua influenciaron en gran medida la abundancia de An. pseudopunctipennis, An. evansae y An. strodei. Un incremento de estas variables produce un aumento en sus abundancias. Estos factores deben tenerse en cuenta al momento de implementar medidas de control sobre las formas inmaduras de estos mosquitos para reducir el número de hábitats larvales y la producción de larvas, lo cual podría al final resultar en la eliminación de la malaria en esta área.

Las «fábulas trágicas» que corrompen la sociedad: condena moral de la literatura popular en la prensa argentina a principios del siglo XX; The «tragic fables» that corrupt the society: moral condemnation of popular literature in the argentine press at the beginnings of the 20th century Risco, Ana Maria A comienzos del siglo XX, en la Argentina, la atención particular de la prensa a los folletines produce un discurso de rechazo a una «retórica popular» por lectores asociados a una intelectualidad ilustrada, comprometida en la construcción de un sentimiento universalista moralizante a través de la alta cultura. Este es el caso concreto del artículo Las fábulas trágicas, de Federico Quevedo Hijosa, publicado por el vespertino tucumano El Orden (01/03/1912). En el presente trabajo, analizamos su argumentación a fin de develar los presupuestos que intentan despojar la literatura de los elementos populares considerados «inmorales».; At the beginnings of the 20th century, in Argentine, the particular attention of the press to the newspaper serials produces a rejection discourse to a «popular rhetoric» by readers associated to an illustrated intelligentsia, compromised in building a universalistic moral sentiment through the high culture. This is the particular case of the Federico Quevedo Hijosa’s article Las fábulas trágicas, published in the journal El Orden of Tucumán (03/01/1912). On this paper, we analyse the presuppositions that reveal the intention to eliminate from the literature the popular elements considerate «immoral».

Una revisión de la Polarimetria y los efectos ionosféricos sobre los sistemas Sar, Insar y Palsar: requerimientos y métodos de corrección; Review of Polarimetric and ionospheric effects on Sar, Insar and Palsar systems: requirements and correction methods Rios, Victor Hugo Este estudio proporciona una actualización de las herramientas polarimétricas que se utilizan actualmente para la extracción óptima de la información a partir de imágenes de Radares de Apertura Sintética, SAR, de imágenes Interferométricas de SAR, InSAR e imágenes polarimétricas de SAR en la banda L, PALSAR. Los fundamentos de la teoría polarimétrica son discutidos en el contexto del radar de apertura sintética (SAR). Se revisa la calibración polarimétrica SAR, que es un tema importante para la extracción de información. Es considerada la extracción de información usando los parámetros de ondas dispersadas recibidas. Se proponen algunos esquemas de corrección ionosférica para las ondas transmitidas por el radar de apertura sintética (SAR) y para la interferometría SAR polarimétrica (PolInSAR) en el espacio. La variación temporal y espacial de la densidad de electrónica en la alta atmosfera afecta la propagación del pulso de radar dando lugar a distorsiones de la imagen. Se estima el Contenido Electrónico Total (CET) mediante la aplicación de la ecuación de Appleton-Hartree debido a distorsiones de enfoque, polarimetría e interferometría. Se propo-ne un estimador combinado que produce estimaciones diferenciales de CET. Se discute además el efecto de la estructura vertical de la ionosfera desde la fase interferométrica y se describen instrucciones importantes para la investigación futura.; This study provides an update of the polarimetric tools currently used for optimal extraction of information from polarimetric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), INSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) and PALSAR (Phase Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery. The fundamentals of polarimetric theory are discussed in the context of synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Polarimetric SAR calibration, which is important for the extraction of subject information, is reviewed. Extraction of information using the received scattered wave is considered. Some schemes for ionospheric correction to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and the wave interferometry (PolInSAR) are proposed. Temporal and spatial variations of the electronic density in the upper atmosphere affect radar pulse propagation and, thereby, result in distortion of the image. Due to distortions of focus, polarimetry and interferometry, the Total Electron Content (TEC) has been estimated by applying the Appleton-Hartree equation. We propose a combined estimator that reliably estimates of TEC differentials. We also discuss the effect of the vertical structure of the ionosphere from the interferometric phase and outline important avenues for future research.

Repensando la teoría contemporánea sobre la gestión internacional de los estados subnacionales a través del caso de los gobiernos municipales de la provincia de Buenos Aires; Rethinking the contemporary theory of international management of subnational states through the case of municipal governments in the province of Buenos Aires Calvento, Mariana Los actores subnacionales han ampliado sus funciones tradicionales y han ampliado su ámbito de actuación hacia el plano internacional. Por ello, el presente artículo analiza la temática particular de la inserción internacional de las unidades subnacionales. Para este análisis el estudio se sustenta en la investigación del accionar internacional de los gobiernos municipales de tamaño intermedio de la provincia de Buenos Aires.El trabajo se concentra en casos insuficientemente analizados dentro de los actores subnacionales, los gobiernos municipales de tamaño intermedio de Argentina ya que, a diferencia de las grandes ciudades, éstos no tienen un lugar preestablecido en la arena internacional pero pueden generarlo y, a diferencia de las ciudades pequeñas, tienen mayores oportunidades y posibilidades de vincularse a nivel internacional.; In recent years, the territorial spaces have developed public policies to create or strengthen their international management. In that sense, this paper aims to address the particular issue of the international integration of subnational units probing and challenging traditional conceptions of the development of international policy on the part of subnational spaces. To do this, the study is based on research of international actions of municipal governments in the province of Buenos Aires.

Time course of systemic oxidative stress and inflammatory response induced by an acute exposure to Residual Oil Fly Ash Marchini, Timoteo Oscar; Magnani, Natalia Daniela; Paz, Mariela Laura; Vanasco, Virginia; Tasat, D.; Gonzalez Maglio, Daniel Horacio; Alvarez, Silvia; Evelson, Pablo Andres It is suggested that systemic oxidative stress and inflammation play a central role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with the exposure to particulate matter (PM). The aim of this work was to evaluate the time changes of systemic markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, after an acute exposure to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA). Female Swiss mice were intranasally instilled with a ROFA suspension (1.0 mg/kg body weight) or saline solution, and plasma levels of oxidative damage markers [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls], antioxidant status [reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, ascorbic acid levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity], cytokines levels, and intravascular leukocyte activation were evaluated after 1, 3 or 5 h of exposure. Oxidative damage to lipids and decreased GSH/GSSG ratio was observed in ROFA-exposed mice as early as 1 h. Afterwards, increased protein oxidation, decreased ascorbic acid content and SOD activity was found in this group at 3 h. The onset of an adaptive response was observed at 5 h after the ROFA exposure, as indicated by decreased TBARS plasma content and increased SOD activity. The observed increase in oxidative damage to plasma macromolecules, together with systemic antioxidants depletion, may be a consequence of a systemic inflammatory response triggered by the ROFA exposure, since increased TNF-α and IL-6 plasma levels and polymorphonuclear leukocytes activation was found at every evaluated time point. These findings contribute to the understanding of the increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, in association with environmental PM inhalation.

Host-Specific Enzyme-Substrate Interactions in SPM-1 Metallo-beta-Lactamase are Modulated by Second Sphere Residues Gonzalez, Lisandro Javier; Moreno, Diego Martin; Bonomo, Robert A.; Vila, Alejandro Jose Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most virulent and resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens in the clinic. Unfortunately, P. aeruginosa has acquired genes encoding metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs), enzymes able to hydrolyze most beta-lactam antibiotics. SPM-1 is an MBL produced only by P. aeruginosa, while other MBLs are found in different bacteria. Despite similar active sites, the resistance profile of MBLs towards beta-lactams changes from one enzyme to the other. SPM-1 is unique among pathogen-associated MBLs in that in that it contains "atypical" second sphere residues (S84, G121). Codon randomization on these positions and further selection of resistance-conferring mutants was performed. MICs, periplasmic enzymatic activity, Zn(II) requirements, and protein stability was assessed. Our results indicated that identity of second sphere residues modulates the substrate preferences and the resistance profile of SPM-1 expressed in P. aeruginosa. The second sphere residues found in wild type SPM-1 give rise to a substrate selectivity that is observed only in the periplasmic environment. These residues also allow SPM-1 to confer resistance in P. aeruginosa under Zn(II)-limiting conditions, such as those expected under infection. By optimizing the catalytic efficiency towards beta-lactam antibiotics, the enzyme stability and the Zn(II) binding features, molecular evolution meets the specific needs of a pathogenic bacterial host by means of substitutions outside the active site.

Study of hydrogen adsorption properties on MCM-41 mesoporous materials modified with nickel Carraro, Paola María; Elías, Verónica Rita; Garcia Blanco, Andres Alberto; Sapag, Manuel Karim; Eimer, Griselda Alejandra; Oliva, Marcos Iván MCM-41 samples were modified with different Ni loadings by wet impregnation method and characterized by XRD, ICP, EPMA-EDS, N2 adsorptionedesorption and hydrogen adsorption at 77 K at high and low pressure conditions. The hydrogen adsorption studies for the MCM-41 host and the impregnated samples showed that small amounts of Ni ions in MCM-41 improved the hydrogen storage capacity by spillover effect.

Presentación Dossier 'Estado, agrónomos y ciencia aplicada al campo. Miradas sobre las iniciativas públicas y privadas en el desarrollo agroindustrial en América Latina (fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX)' Moyano, Ricardo Daniel; Rodriguez Vázquez, Florencia; de Souza Oliver, Graciela Para amplios sectores de las élites dirigentes de los nacientes Estados latinoamericanos, el impulso de la producción agrícola en diferentes regiones productivas se presentó como requisito indispensable para el desarrollo económico de base capitalista de sus sociedades (Weinberg, 1998). Tomando a la ciencia como la vía predilecta para ingresar en el concierto de las naciones “civilizadas”, durante el último tercio del siglo XIX cristalizaron una serie de políticas públicas tendientes a modernizar el campo, mediante la elaboración de proyectos de investigación y educación orientados a diversos grupos socioeconómicos. De este modo, a través de la inauguración de establecimientos de enseñanza agronómica de nivel medio y superior, de centros científicos de experimentación agropecuaria y de organismos de fomento y extensión, se conformaron los primeros planteles de agrónomos y núcleos técnicos que se desempeñaron a nivel local. En forma simultánea, se instrumentaron mecanismos para transferir los conocimientos e ilustrar a los agricultores en principios agrícolas ‘racionales’, en un proceso de vinculación y retroalimentación mutua. Así, se esperaba que estas medidas alentaran movimientos de cambio, adaptación e innovación tecnológica en el ámbito rural.

Digestive Physiology of Three Species of Decapoda Crustaceans of Argentina Fernandez Gimenez, Analia Veronica This review has the available information about the digestive physiology and morphology of three decapod species from Argentina: Pleoticus muelleri, Artemesia longinaris, and Neohelice granulata. The anatomy of the foregut may be modified in closely related species with similar feeding habits; however, the main features of the decapod crustacean digestive tract are similar to other species. Crustaceans express a set of highly active digestive enzymes that hydrolyze the major food items and include proteinases, lipases, esterases, and glucanases. The close relationship between diet and the range of digestive enzymes produced is well documented; however, digestive responses to specific nutrients differ widely among the species. Variations in digestive enzyme expression during early development reflect changes in digestive capabilities and can be used to identify early developmental feeding transitions. This information provides a deeper insight into nutrition, dietary preferences, and strategies of resource utilization, making possible the development of new aquacultural practices and providing data about the ecological niche that species occupy in aquatic systems. There is no doubt that the occurrence and activity of digestive enzymes are influenced by many internal and external factors, such as diet, molting, and development. The research of three Argentine decapod species is discussed in this review and provides a better understanding of basic digestive physiology. This information important to investigations of nutrition and feeding ecology of crustaceans.

Identificación macroscópica y microscópica de materias primas líticas en Cardonal (Valle del Cajón, Catamarca, Argentina). Una primera aproximación a su aprovechamiento; Macroscopic and microscopic identification of lithic raw materials in cardonal (Cajón Valley, Catamarca, Argentina). a first approach to their explotation Sentinelli, Natalia; Toselli, Gustavo Adolfo La identificación de los tipos de rocas empleados para la fabricación de artefactos líticos es un punto de partida inevitable a la hora comenzar a reconstruir y comprender las prácticas tecnológicas líticas de cualquier grupo de personas. Con este objetivo, en este trabajo se presentan los resultados de observaciones macroscópicas a ojo desnudo y estudios petrográficos microscópicos realizados sobre materiales líticos recuperados en una estructura habitacional (E1, , Núcleo 1) del sitio arqueológico Cardonal (Valle del Cajón, Pcia. de Catamarca). Los datos obtenidos en estos estudios permitieron la identificación de las materias primas líticas presentes. Sobre la base de un trabajo interpretativo de la información geológica de la zona, fue posible realizar algunas observaciones tentativas acerca de sus posibles procedencias. Finalmente, evaluando las distancias entre las fuentes potenciales de las variedades identificadas y Cardonal, y las frecuencias de éstas en la muestra artefactual recuperada en la Estructura 1 del sitio, se comienzan a reconstruir y discutir las posibles prácticas implicadas en su aprovisionamiento.; The identification of different types of stone used in the fabrication of lithic artifacts is an unavoidable starting point for the reconstruction and comprehension of the lithic technological practices of any group of people. With this aim, in this work, the results of macroscopic and petrography microscopic analysis of flaked lithic materials recovered in a household structure (E1 Núcleo 1) of Cardonal archaeological site (Cajón Valley, Catamarca province), are presented.The data obtained in these studies allowed us to identify lithic raw materials in the artifact assemblage. This, together with the geological information of the area, led us to propose a series of tentative observations of their potential proveniences, located at different distances of Cardonal site, within and without the local range.Also, an analysis of the frequencies of the different types of stones in a sample of the artifact assemblage is presented, in order to start reconstructing the potential practices involved in obtaining the different lithic raw materials.

Looking Through the Window: Prostitutes and Their Neighbours (Rio de Janeiro, Early Twentieth Century) Schettini Pereira, Cristiana This article analyses some of the debates on the regulation of sex trade in Rio de Janeiro and the enforcement of a particular set of non-regulationist policies at the beginning of the First Republic (1889-1930). I argue that against the background of conflicts in local politics and labour relations, non-regulationist policies in Rio de Janeiro opened up unexpected possibilities for prostitutes, who reinterpreted the available law in their dealings with neighbors and other workers. The historical process of the abolition of slavery in Brazil, together with the consolidation of an authoritarian republican regime, created the conditions that allowed Rio de Janeiro's police to enforce a particular policy of surveillance and control of specific groups of prostitutes. This policy resulted in the increasing clustering of prostitutes particularly those who used to parade themselves in the doors and windows of their own homes in designated urban spaces. Although this process had a significant impact on the relationship between the groups of prostitutes and other workers and neighbours, it nevertheless failed to dissolve their bonds.

The semantic conception and the structuralist view of theories: A critique of Suppe's criticisms Lorenzano, Pablo Julio Different conceptions of scientific theories, such as the state spaces approach of Bas van Fraassen, the phase spaces approach of Frederick Suppe, the set-theoretical approach of Patrick Suppes, and the structuralist view of Joseph Sneed et al. are usually put together into one big family. In addition, the definite article is normally used, and thus we speak of the semantic conception (view or approach) of theories and of its different approaches (variants or versions). However, in The Semantic Conception of Theories and Scientific Realism (Urban and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1989), starting from certain remarks already made in "Theory Structure" (in P. Asquith and H. Kyburg (Eds.), Current Research in Philosophy of Science, East Lansing: Philosophy of Science Association, 1979, pp. 317-338), Frederick Suppe excludes the structuralist view as well as other "European" versions from the semantic conception of theories. In this paper I will critically examine the reasons put forward by Suppe for this decision and, later, I will provide a general characterization of the semantic family and of the structuralist view of theories in such a way as to justify the inclusion of the structuralist view (as well as other "European" versions) as a member of this family.

Indicators of energy efficiency in buildings: Comparison with standards in force in Argentina Salvetti, Maria Belen; Czajkowski, Jorge Daniel; Gomez, Analia Fernanda In this work we make a comparative study of the energy behaviour in different building types. We analyze three cases of office buildings and three residential buildings, and compare them with a previous sample. We seek to find correlations or differences in behavior in terms of potential energy losses and gains, and UL values compared with Argentinian Standards to verify the degree of efficiency. For energy analysis we used a software which allows the analysis of thermal and energy building performance at steady state on a monthly basis. This software is called EnergoCAD and it also determines formal indicators based on IRAM standards. We conclude that the indicators used are clear to energetically “grade” buildings and to facilitate comparisons. In turn, smaller buildings are relatively less energy efficient than larger ones. At the same time it is noteworthy that the energy inefficiency has been growing rapidly over the years. Finally it is noted that none of the cases analyzed meets the National Standards.

Modelado del potencial bioactivo y calidad de frutillas frescas cortadas en el lavado-desinfección con ácido peracético; Modeling health potential and quality of fresh-cut strawberries after washing-disinfection with peracetic acid Van de Velde, Franco; Piagentini, Andrea; Guemes, Daniel; Salsi, Maria Sara; Tiburzi, Maria del Carmen; Moguilevsky, María; Pirovani, Maria Elida En este trabajo se propone cuantificar y modelar los cambios en el potencial saludable, atributos fisicoquímicos y reducción de microorganismos aerobios mesófilos de dos variedades de frutillas frescas cortadas (Camarosa y Selva) cuando se someten al lavado-­desinfección con soluciones de ácido peracético (APA), variando la concentración (0 ? 100 mgL-­‐1), el tiempo de contacto (10 ? 120 s) y la temperatura de la solución de lavado (4 ? 40°C). Para el diseño y análisis de los resultados se aplicó la Metodología de Superficie de Respuesta, siendo las respuestas: porcentajes de retención de acido ascórbico (RAA) y vitamina C (RVit C), antocianinas totales (RAnt T), fenoles totales (RFT), capacidad antioxidante (RCA), y sólidos solubles(RSS), cambios de pH (CpH), acidez total (CAT), y de los parámetros de color:L*, a*, b*, Cab* y hab; y reducción de microorganismos aerobios mesófilos (RedFAM). Los modelos de retenciones de AA, Ant T, CA y FT se vieron afectados por las variables del proceso, principalmente por la concentración de APA y el tiempo, no observándose diferencias entre ambas variedades. La retención de VitC y los cambios de color no sufrieron modificaciones debido a las variables de procesamiento para el cultivar Camarosa. Sin embargo, para la variedad Selva, los modelos predictivos de estos parámetros si se vieron afectados por las variables de la operación. La retención de SS, y los cambios de pH y AT no fueron afectados por el lavado, y por lo tanto no pudieron modelarse. Por otra parte, la Red FAM fue afectada por las variables del proceso obteniéndose modelos predictivos para cada cultivar. Este trabajo demuestra el comportamiento diferente de ambas variedades de frutillas ante un mismo proceso de lavado-desinfección y provee herramientas predictivas sencillas para cuantificar dicho efecto; The aim of this work was to quantify and model changes in bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity content, physicochemical attributes and aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, of two freshFcut strawberries varieties (Camarosa and Selva) with peracetic acid washingFdisinfection (APA) at different concentrations (0 F 100 mg LF1 ), contact times (10 F 120 s) and temperatures (4 F 40°C). Response surface methodology was employed for the design and analysis of results. The studied responses were: ascorbic acid (RAA), vitamin C (RVit C), total anthocyanins (RAnt T), total phenols (RFT), antioxidant capacity (RCA), soluble solids (RSS) retention percentages, and changes on pH (CpH), total acidity (CAT), and color parameters: L*, a*, b*, Cab* and hab. Reduction of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms (FAM) was also evaluated. The retention of AA, Ant T, AC and TP were affected by the process washingFdisinfection variables, mainly by the concentration of PAA and time, and there were no differences between both varieties. Vit C retention and color changes were not affected by processing variables for Camarosa cultivar. However, latter parameters were affected by the process variables in Selva strawberries. Retention of SS, and changes in pH and TA were not affected by the washing process, and therefore could not be modeled. FAM reduction was affected by the washingFdisinfection in both cultivars differentially, and predictive models for each of them were obtained. This work demonstrates the different behavior of two strawberry varieties after the same washingFdisinfection process and provides simple predictive tools to quantify this effect

Problemas sociales y políticas sociales neo-desarrollistas: el programa Familia Argentina Ortiz, Maria Isabel; Perez, Ana Maria En los últimos años se ha ido consolidando en Latinoamérica una tendencia hacia el reposicionamiento del Estado en los procesos políticos y sociales que derivó en nuevos lineamientos de política pública. Esta temática se vincula con la consideración de la llamada “cuestión social”, la que se particulariza en cada época bajo la forma de problemas sociales que constituyen la expresión del modo en que se interroga, interpreta, resuelve, ordena y canaliza dicha cuestión. Por lo tanto, como categoría de análisis, remite a los diferentes modos en que se significan y explican los problemas sociales. El campo político y el de los expertos (o los técnicos) son, por excelencia, campos de producción de problemas sociales, en la medida en que son los que gestionan la cuestión social. De ahí derivan los planes y programas de política social que pone en marcha el Estado. El presente artículo analiza a nivel del discurso –tomando como fuente los documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y entrevistas a funcionarios de nivel nacional y provincial– los Programas Sociales del Bicentenario, en particular el Programa Familia Argentina. La pretensión es dar respuesta a las siguientes preguntas: cómo se definen los problemas sociales frente a los cuales las políticas sociales se proponen como solución; cuál es la noción de ciudadanía que subyace en esta propuesta de protección social; y cómo se entiende la inclusión.; In recent years, a trend towards the repositioning of the State in social and political processes has been consolidated in Latin America; that resulted in new guidelines for public policy. This issue is related to the recognition of the “social question”, which is particularized in each period under the shape of social problems that constitute the expressions on how it is questioned, interpreted, solved, organized and canalized. Therefore, as a category of analysis, it refers to the various ways in which the social problems get meaning and explanation. The political and the experts (or technicians) fields are, by far, the main producers of social problems, due to the fact that they are responsible for the management of the social question. Thus, the plans and programs of social policy that triggers the State derive from this entity. This article looks at the discourse level – takings as a source the official documents of the Ministry of Social Development and interviews with officials from national and provincial– the social programs Bicentennial, including Argentina Family Program. The aim is to answer the following questions: how to define social problems against which social policies are proposed as a solution; which is the notion of citizenship that underlies the proposed social protection; and how inclusion is understood.