A comparative study of the effect of multiple immersions on Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito eggs with emphasis on sylvan vectors of yellow fever virus Alencar, Jerónimo; Gleiser, Raquel M.; Morone, Fernanda; Mello, Cecília Ferreira de; Silva, Júlia dos Santos; Serra Freire, Nicolau Maués; Guimarães, Anthony Érico The effect of multiple immersions on Haemagogus janthinomys, Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Aedes albopictus and Ochlerotatus terrens eggs was studied. Eggs were collected in April, June, October and December of 2011 in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Most of the Aedes and Ochlerotatus eggs hatched upon the first immersion, while Haemagogus eggs showed a varied instalment hatching response. The number of immersions required for hatching increased for eggs collected closer to the dry winter season.

Quaternary evolution of the Cordillera Frontal piedmont between c. 33° and 34°S Mendoza, Argentina Zárate, Marcelo Arístides; Mehl, Adriana Ester; Perucca, Laura Patricia A. The piedmont of Cordillera Frontal between c. 33° and 34°S (Mendoza, Argentina) is a highly populated area deeply modified by human activities, known as Valle de Uco. It is situated within the borderland region of the geological provinces of Cordillera Frontal and Cuyo basin. The landscape is dominantly composed of both erosional and depositional landforms made of fluvio-aeolian deposits fractured and folded by tectonic processes together with some landforms of volcanic origin. Alluvial fans, related to several aggradational cycles of Quaternary age, are the most remarkable geomorphological units. Several tectonic features are present giving rise to conspicuous morphological features. Some of the streams are structurally controlled by faults while several drainage anomalies that indicate active tectonic processes have been identified. The Late Quaternary alluvial sequences, dominantly comprising sandy and silty deposits of volcaniclastic composition and secondarily metamorphic rocks, represent the fine-grained sedimentary facies of the fluvial systems accumulated in a distal fan environment. The alluvial deposits have been incised by several episodes of erosion since Pleistocene time. The Andes Cordillera and the piedmont of Mendoza province (Argentina) are an active tectonic area characterized by a complex geological setting that determines a heterogeneous landscape. Of particular environmental and human significance is the piedmont of Cordillera Frontal between c. 33° and 34°S. Known as Valle de Uco, it is a highly populated area deeply modified by human activities and constitutes one of the three man-made agricultural oases of Mendoza province (Fig. 1). Consequently, the reconstruction of the piedmont evolution and the understanding of the processes involved are essential to evaluate possible environmental responses under the present climatic fluctuations in a densely populated area. Several contributions have demonstrated the environmental sensitivity of the region during Quaternary time as documented by the record of Pleistocene and Holocene glacial advances in the Andean headwaters of the fluvial systems (e.g. Espizúa 2004, 2005; Espizúa & Pitte 2009; Messager 2010) along with geomorphological, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic studies (Baker et al. 2009; Paez et al. 2010). In order to understand the nature and characteristics of the present landscape, analysis of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene period is especially important. This key time interval covering the recent geological past includes a dramatic climatic change: the transition of the last glacial cycle to the present interglacial (Saltzman 2002). In addition, the Cordillera Frontal piedmont is considered as one of the source areas of the aeolian deposits of central Argentina (Zárate 2003; Mehl et al. 2012). Knowledge of the sedimentary record is therefore significant to validate the current models of aeolian sedimentation. These issues have renewed interest in the area and instigated multidisciplinary analysis by our research team. The studies, still under progress, include stratigraphical, sedimentological, geochronogical, morphostructural and palaeontological analysis, with the general aim of reconstructing the environmental and climatic conditions during Late Quaternary time across the Cordillera Frontal piedmont (e.g. Mehl & Zárate 2012; Rojo et al. 2012) and the eastern piedmont of San Rafael block, situated to the south (Tripaldi et al. 2011). Simultaneously, other authors (e.g. Pepin 2010; Pepin et al. 2013; Casa et al. 2011) have focused on tectonic, geomorphological and geochronological analyses in the study area (e.g. Cordón del Carrizalito piedmont, Las Tunas fluvial system). The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of the Quaternary stratigraphy and evolution of the Cordillera Frontal piedmont at Valle de Uco. Special emphasis is placed on Late Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial sequences that exhibit a suitable stratigraphic resolution for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. The chronology and morphotectonic of the area are also analysed, along with the composition and provenance of the sediments. The final aim is to contribute to the understanding of the landscape dynamics in an active tectonic setting within the context of the Quaternary climate cycles.

Improved pan-specific MHC class I peptide binding predictions using a novel representation of the MHC binding cleft environment Carrasco Pro, Sebastián; Zimic, Mirko; Nielsen, Morten Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules play a key role in cell-mediated immune responses presenting bounded peptides for recognition by the immune system cells. Several in silico methods have been developed to predict the binding affinity of a given peptide to a specific MHC molecule. One of the current state-of-the-art methods for MHC class I is NetMHCpan, which has a core ingredient for the representation of the MHC class I molecule using a pseudo-sequence representation of the binding cleft amino acid environment. New and large MHC–peptide-binding data sets are constantly being made available, and also new structures of MHC class I molecules with a bound peptide have been published. In order to test if the NetMHCpan method can be improved by integrating this novel information, we created new pseudo-sequence definitions for the MHC-binding cleft environment from sequence and structural analyses of different MHC data sets including human leukocyte antigen (HLA), non-human primates (chimpanzee, macaque and gorilla) and other animal alleles (cattle, mouse and swine). From these constructs, we showed that by focusing on MHC sequence positions found to be polymorphic across the MHC molecules used to train the method, the NetMHCpan method achieved a significant increase in the predictive performance, in particular, of non-human MHCs. This study hence showed that an improved performance of MHC-binding methods can be achieved not only by the accumulation of more MHC–peptide-binding data but also by a refined definition of the MHC-binding environment including information from non-human species.

Cationic porphyrin derivatives for application in photodynamic therapy of cancer Prack Mc Cormick, Bárbara Patricia; Pansa, Maria Florencia; Milla Sanabria, Laura Natalia; Carvalho, Carla Marisa Brito; Faustino, Maria Amparo Ferreira; Neves, Maria Graça P. M. S.; Cavaleiro, José A. S.; Vittar, Natalia Belen Rumie; Rivarola, Viviana Current studies in photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer are focused on the development of new photosensitizers (PSs), with higher phototoxic action. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficiency of tri-cationic meso-substituted porphyrin derivatives (Tri-Py+–Me–PF, Tri-Py+–Me–Ph, Tri-Py+–Me–CO2Me and Tri-Py+–Me–CO2H) with the well-known tetra-cationic T4PM. The phototoxic action of these derivatives was assessed in human colon adenocarcinoma cells by cell viability, intracellular localization and nuclear morphology analysis. In the experimental conditions used we determined that after light activation –PF, –Ph and –CO2Me cause a more significant decline of cell viability compared to –CO2H and T4PM. These results suggest that the nature of the peripheral substituent influences the extent of cell photodamage. Moreover, we have demonstrated that PS concentration, physicochemical properties and further light activation determine the PDT response. All porphyrins were clearly localized as a punctuated pattern in the cytoplasm of the cells, and the PDT scheme resulted in apoptotic cell death after 3 h post-PDT. The tri-cationic porphyrin derivatives Tri-Py+–Me–PF, Tri-Py+–Me–Ph and Tri-Py+–Me–CO2Me showed a promising ability, making them good photosensitizer candidates for oncological PDT.

INQ-1, a chromosome-encoded AmpC β-lactamase from Inquilinus limosus Pino, Marylú; Power, Pablo; Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo; Di Conza, José Alejandro

Inmuno-spin trapping from biochemistry to medicine: advances, challenges, and pitfalls. Focus on protein-centered radicals Gomez Mejiba, Sandra E.; Zhai, Zili; Della Vedova, Maria Cecilia; Muñoz, Marcos David; Chatterjee, Saurabh; Towner, Rheal A.; Hensley, Kenneth; Floyd, Robert A.; Mason, Ronald P.; Ramirez, Dario Background: Immuno-spin trapping (IST) is based on the reaction of a spin trap with a free radical to form a stable nitrone adduct, followed by the use of antibodies, rather than traditional electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, to detect the nitrone adduct. IST has been successfully applied to mechanistic in vitro studies, and recently, macromolecule-centered radicals have been detected in models of drug-induced agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and ischemia/reperfusion, as well as in models of neurological, metabolic and immunological diseases. Scope of the review: To critically evaluate advances, challenges, and pitfalls as well as the scientific opportunities of IST as applied to the study of protein-centered free radicals generated in stressed organelles, cells, tissues and animal models of disease and exposure. Major conclusions: Because the spin trap has to be present at high enough concentrations in the microenvironment where the radical is formed, the possible effects of the spin trap on gene expression, metabolism and cell physiology have to be considered in the use of IST and in the interpretation of results. These factors have not yet been thoroughly dealt with in the literature. General significance: The identification of radicalized proteins during cell/tissue response to stressors will help define their role in the complex cellular response to stressors and pathogenesis; however, the fidelity of spin trapping/immuno-detection and the effects of the spin trap on the biological system should be considered.

Estructuras sedimentarias inducidas por actividad microbiana (ESIAM) en la planicie de marea de Puerto Rosales, estuario de Bahía Blanca; Microbially-induced sedimentary structures (MISS) in the Puerto Rosales tidal flat, Bahía Blanca estuary Bournod, Constanza Naimé; Cuadrado, Diana G.; Carmona, Noelia Beatriz; Ponce, Juan Jose; Pan, Jeronimo El estudio de matas microbianas en ambientes marinos costeros silicoclásticos actuales constituye una importante fuente de información para el análisis de análogos fósiles. En el estuario de Bahía Blanca se estudiaron planicies de marea cubiertas por matas desde un enfoque geobiológico, con el objetivo de identificar y describir estructuras inducidas por actividad microbiana (ESIAM), y distinguir rasgos presentes en los sistemas actuales que permitan reconocer estas comunidades de microorganismos en depósitos fósiles. Se realizaron muestreos biológicos y sedimentológicos, y se implementaron técnicas de microscopía óptica y electrónica para la determinación de microorganismos y la identificación de texturas características y minerales autigénicos. Las matas microbianas resultaron estar dominadas por cianobacterias y, en menor proporción, diatomeas; microorganismos que generan sustancias exopoliméricas que bioestabilizan la superficie sedimentaria. Se reconocieron texturas típicas de matas epibentónicas, tales como granos orientados y granos pequeños unidos por la mata, pirita framboidal y ceolitas. En la zona intermareal-supramareal se identificaron domos de gas, fábrica porosa esponjosa y superficies tipo colador. Además se observaron grietas de contracción, dobleces, fragmentos de mata, depresiones y remanentes erosivos, pliegues y arrugas, así como también ondulitas multidireccionales. Las estructuras halladas están relacionadas con condiciones de calma/latencia, exposición prolongada (desecación) y eventos de tormenta con alta energía erosiva sobre la planicie (olas y corrientes fuertes). En este sentido, las ESIAM resultan importantes indicadoras de condiciones ambientales particulares que presentan un elevado potencial de preservación. Su reconocimiento en el registro fósil, a través de rasgos macro y microscópicos, permiten refinar las interpretaciones paleoambientales en sucesiones marino-costeras.; The study of microbial mats in modern siliciclastic coastal marine settings represents an important analogue for the analysis of fossil deposits in similar paleoenvironments. In the Bahía Blanca estuary, mat-covered tidal flats were studied from a geobiological perspective with the aims of identifying and describing microbially-induced sedimentary structures (MISS), and to distinguish features in modern systems that allow the recognition of such microbial communities in fossil deposits. Systematic biological and sedimentological samplings were carried out, and the identification of microorganisms and the recognition and characterization of typical textures and authigenic minerals were performed through light and electronic microscopy techniques. Microbial mats were dominated by cyanobateria, followed by diatoms; both groups of microorganisms are known to secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and biostabilize the sedimentary surface. Characteristic textures of epibenthic mats, such as oriented grains and mat-bound small grains, framboidal pyrite and zeolites were recognized. In the intertidal-supratidal zone, MISS termed gas domes, sponge pore fabric, and sieve-like surfaces were identified. Moreover, shrinkage cracks, flip-overs, mat chips, erosional remnants and pockets, folds, as well as multidirected ripple marks were observed. These structures are related to calm conditions/latencies, prolonged subaerial exposure (desiccation), and storm events with high hydrodynamic energy (erosive) acting over the tidal flat (e.g. waves and currents). In this sense, MISS constitute important indicators of specific environmental conditions and thus their recognition in the rock record allows a refined interpretation of the paleoenvironment in coastal marine successions.

Adaptación biológica y valor de verdad en creencias cognitivas y morales Zavadivker, María Natalia La perspectiva evolucionista parte del supuesto general de que cualquier rasgo fenotípico (fisiológico, morfológico, conductual, perceptual, cognitivo, etc.) presente en el bagaje genético de la mayoría de los miembros de una población, puede ser tomado como una adaptación biológica a un determinado entorno y a determinadas presiones selectivas. Vale decir, “está allí” como resultado de un proceso de selección natural, por haber contribuido (más eficazmente que otras variantes disponibles en el pasado ancestral) al desempeño exitoso del organismo portador, en términos de supervivencia y éxito reproductivo. A dicho enfoque filogenético, que aportaría las razones evolutivas del bagaje genético con el que vienen equipados los organismos antes de interactuar con el ambiente; habría que sumarle además la perspectiva ontogenética, que daría cuenta del aprendizaje por ensayo y error que cada organismo realiza en interacción directa con el entorno, a lo largo de su desarrollo (tema del que se ocupa, por ejemplo, la Ecología del comportamiento).

Molecular Identification of Brucella Abortus Bv5 and Strain 19 in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) in Northeast Argentina Martinez, Diana; Thompson, Carolina; Russo, Ana Maria; Jacobo, Roberto; Torioni de Echaide, Susana Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations are spread across northern Argentina, and they share their habitat with bovines. Both species are susceptible to brucellosis, and they are under a National Plan of Control and Eradication. To characterize the Brucella spp. that infects buffaloes, the blood of 35 animals that tested positive to brucellosis by a complement fixation test was collected. DNA was obtained and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using different molecular markers. The genera, species, and biovars of Brucella were established by analyzing specific regions of the genes omp31, eri, alkB, and omp2ab. Brucella spp. was identified in 15 of 35 tested buffaloes. The product of the omp31 gene identified the genera. The detection of two fragments of 297 bp and/or 1000 bp from the eri gene confirmed the presence of B. abortus S19 and wild-type B. abortus. The amplification of the alkB gene allowed the identification of B. abortus biovars characterized by fragments of 498 bp (bv1, bv2, or bv4). The simultaneous amplification of 498 bp (alkB) and 1000 bp (eri) products suggested the presence of B. abortus bv1, which is highly prevalent in the cattle of Argentina. Fragments of 827 bp and 857 bp were amplified from the omp2ab gene, and their sequences showed 100% identity with B. melitensis and B. abortus bv5 (GenBank). However, the 721 bp product (alkB) specific for B. melitensis could not be amplified. This is the first report indicating the presence of B. abortus bv5 in Latin America.

El mito de la viajera en la poesía de Alejandra Pizarnik Calafell Sala, Núria En una poética en la que se anuncia la pérdida del sujeto como representación del yo y la problemática de un lenguaje no constitutivo, el motivo de la viajera se convierte en un símbolo a través del cual expresar el proceso de abandono que la voz poética sufrirá con respecto a sí misma y a su entorno. Esto explicaría las múltiples formas de enmascaramiento con las que Alejandra Pizarnik juega a enmascarar al sujeto de una parte importante de sus poesías: desde la figura de la exiliada, aquella que se sabe expulsada de su propio ser y del mundo aparentemente real, hasta la que inicia un peregrinaje por dos espacios que la sitúan en un ?entre?, todas estas formas se constituyen no sólo en máscaras del yo sino también en significantes con un significado propio.; In a poetic in which is announced the lost of the subject as a representation of the self and the problems of a language that is not constitutive, the topic of the traveller becomes one of the most important symbols to express the process of abandonment that the poetic voice will experience with itself and with the others. That would explain many of the masks that Alejandra Pizarnik uses to mask the subject: from the figure of the exiled, that one who knows herself expelled of her own being and of the real world; until that one that initiates a pilgrimage by two spaces that situate her in a “between”, all of them become not only a mask for the self, but also a significant with a subsequent meaning.

A lipid-mediated conformational switch modulates the thermosensing activity of DesK Inda, María Eugenia; Vandenbranden, Michel; Fernandez, Ariel; de Mendoza, Diego; Ruysschaert, Jean Marie; Cybulski, Larisa Estefania The thermosensor DesK is a multipass transmembrane histidine-kinase that allows the bacterium Bacillus subtilis to adjust the levels of unsaturated fatty acids required to optimize membrane lipid fluidity. The cytoplasmic catalytic domain of DesK behaves like a kinase at low temperature and like a phosphatase at high temperature. Temperature sensing involves a built-in instability caused by a group of hydrophilic residues located near the N terminus of the first transmembrane (TM) segment. These residues are buried in the lipid phase at low temperature and partially “buoy” to the aqueous phase at higher temperature with the thinning of the membrane, promoting the required conformational change. Nevertheless, the core question remains poorly understood: How is the information sensed by the transmembrane region converted into a rearrangement in the cytoplasmic catalytic domain to control DesK activity? Here, we identify a “linker region” (KSRKERERLEEK) that connects the TM sensor domain with the cytoplasmic catalytic domain involved in signal transmission. The linker adopts two conformational states in response to temperature-dependent membrane thickness changes: (i) random coiled and bound to the phospholipid head groups at the water-membrane interface, promoting the phosphatase state or (ii) unbound and forming a continuous helix spanning a region from the membrane to the cytoplasm, promoting the kinase state. Our results uphold the view that the linker is endowed with a helix/random coil conformational duality that enables it to behave like a transmission switch, with helix disruption decreasing the kinase/phosphatase activity ratio, as required to modulate the DesK output response.

Source limitations due to leaf rust (Puccinia Triticina) during grain filling period in wheat Serrago, Roman Augusto; Miralles, Daniel Julio Late foliar diseases (especially leaf rust) reduce assimilate supply during post-anthesis, determining fewer assimilates per grain and thereby inducing grain weight reductions. Although the assimilate reduction hypothesis is the most accepted to explain decreases in grain weight due to late foliar diseases, it has not been clearly established whether those reductions could be completely ascribed to source limitations or whether diminished grain weight could be the consequence of reductions in grain weight potential. The objective of this work was to determine whether grain weight reductions due to leaf rust during grain filling could be associated with source?sink limitations. Two experiments (during 2007 and 2008 growing seasons) including healthy and diseased wheat crops were conducted under field conditions. Source?sink manipulation treatments and grain water content measurements were made to test the source- and sink- limitation hypotheses due to the appearance of late foliar diseases during grain filling. Leaf rust was induced to appear exclusively during grain filling, and in both years, it reduced grain yield and grain weight in both experiments. However, except for distal grains, there were no significant differences between healthy and diseased plots in maximum grain water content, indicating that late foliar diseases did not affect the potential size of the grains. The reserves stored in stems were remobilised to the growing grains in both healthy and diseased crops. However, the reserves remaining at physiological maturity were significantly reduced in diseased crops. Reduction in grain number by trimming the spikes increased the grain weight in diseased but not in healthy crops. Grain weight of trimmed spikes in diseased crops reached similar values to those of healthy crops. These results support the hypothesis that foliar diseases could cause source limitation for grain filling beyond differences in grain weight potential when the crops are severely affected by late foliar diseases such as leaf rust.

Servir en la Corte de los Reyes Católicos: dominicos en los oficios de tutor de príncipes y embajador (1490-1516); Serving at the Court of the Catholic Monarchs: Dominicans in the office of tutor of princes and ambassador (1490-1516) Nieva, Guillermo René La relación entre dominicos observantes y monarcas castellanos durante el reinado de los Reyes Católicos se articuló en torno a la actividad de patrocinio regio sobre los conventos de la Orden de Predicadores y al servicio de los frailes en la Corte. Algunos de esos religiosos recibieron el encargo de educar a los príncipes, situación que en general les permitió iniciar una ascendente carrera política y eclesiástica. De hecho, varios de ellos destacaron como embajadores al servicio del rey Fernando hasta el final de su reinado. Tal es el caso de fray Tomás de Matienzo y de fray Bernardo de Mesa,activos miembros de aquella agrupación que José Martínez Millán ha denominado ?partido fernandino?. En el presente estudio se analizarán las trayectorias vitales de ambos personajes, ya sea como vehículos de ciertas corrientes de espiritualidad sumamente atractivas entre los miembros de la aristocracia castellana a principios del siglo XVI, así como en su rol específico de agentes de la política exterior sostenida por la "facción fernandina". En este último sentido, examinaremos en particular la cuestión de los beneficios que podía crear a los monarcas el reclutamiento de religiosos en su personal diplomático.; The relationship between observant Dominicans and Castilian monarchs during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs was articulated around the activity of royal patronage on the convents of the Order of Preachers and the service of the friars in the Court. Some of these religious received the task of educating princes, situation that generally allowed them to start an ascending political and ecclesiastical career. In fact, several of them highlighted as ambassadors in the service of King Ferdinand until the end of his reign. Such is the case of fray Tomás Matienzo and fray Bernardo de Mesa, active members of that group José Martínez Millán called “partido fernandino”. This study will explore the vital trajectories of both figures, either as vehicles of certain currents of spirituality extremely attractive among the members of the Spanish aristocracy in the early 16th century, as well as its specific role as agents of foreign policy held by “facción fernandina”. In the latter sense, we will examine in particular the question of the benefits the monarchs could obtain from the recruitment of religious in its diplomatic personnel.

On the stapedial anatomy of non-mammaliaform cynodonts Gaetano, Leandro Carlos; Abdala, Fernando The stapes is known in several non-mammaliaform cynodonts although it has only been cursorily studied. Here we thoroughly analyze the stapedial anatomy of several basal cynodonts in a phylogenetic framework. Non-mammaliaform cynodonts stapes has two crurae and a stapedial foramen. The fused crurae may extend into medial and/or lateral platforms reducing the stapedial foramen relative size. The presence of straight crurae is the basal condition and the most widespread among non-mammaliaform cynodonts; however, variations of this morphology are recognized in the gomphodonts Langbergia, Trirachodon, Exaeretodon, and some specimens of Massetognathus. The anterior crus is more robust than the posterior one in most of the cynodonts analyzed. The opposite situation is registered in Exaeretodon, some specimens of Massetognathus, Probainognathus, and Morganucodon. The crurae are subequal in Scalenodon and some specimens of Galesaurus and Probainognathus. A relatively small stapedial foramen is observed in the basal non-mammaliaform cynodonts Platycraniellus, Procynosuchus, and Progalesaurus whereas it is larger in gomphodonts. The stapedial foramen size is highly variable intraspecifically in Galesaurus and Massetognathus. Procynosuchus and Thrinaxodon only have a lateral platform, whereas the presence of a single medial platform is synapomorphic of a more derived clade including Platycraniellus plus Eucynodontia. Galesaurus, Procynosuchus, and Thrinaxodon share the presence of a lateral ossified portion of the stapes wider than the medial one whereas the opposite situation is synapomorphic of gomphodonts and also observed in Platycraniellus. Anterior and/or posterior projections medially and/or laterally are inconsistently present in some of the cynodonts studied. These projections are not related to the insertion of soft tissues as it has been interpreted. Some of the taxa analyzed (Luangwa, Massetognathus, and Trirachodon) bear a delicate flange-like triangular dorsal process on the dorsal surface of the posterior crus pointing dorsally or dorsomedially. Its presence is variable intraspecifically and among closely related taxa. This process cannot be readily homologized with the tympanic process of more basal synapsids. The morphology of the dorsal process is compatible with the insertion of a small ligament or perhaps the stapedial muscle. The presence of a cartilaginous extrastapes contacting a postquadrate eardrum is not supported by the evidence available. The inclusion of characters provided by the stapes in a total evidence data matrix (including cranial, postcranial, and dental characters), showed that they are phylogenetically informative. Our analysis results in a better understanding of the auditory system in basal cynodonts and its evolution, highlighting the variability of the stapedial anatomy, even intraspecifically.

Características fisiológicas que permiten a Cabralea canjerana Mart. tolerar los cambios súbitos en la disponibilidad de luz Moretti, Ana Paula; Pinazo, Martín Alcides; Graciano, Corina La etapa de regeneración de los bosques es una de las más importantes en el manejo de los mismos, así como la plasticidad que presenten las especies para aclimatarse a diferentes ambientes y condiciones cambiantes de luz. Cabralea canjerana Mart. (cancharana) tiene la capacidad de aclimatarse a los ambientes con disponibilidad de luz contrastante (sol pleno y canopeo denso) realizando modificaciones morfológicas y fisiológicas en el mediano plazo. El objetivo fue conocer la capacidad de respuesta de cancharana a cambios súbitos de cobertura, esto es, el pasaje de condición de sombra a luz plena, que simula la apertura de un claro en el bosque. Este cambio abrupto en la disponibilidad de luz no afectó la supervivencia de las plantas, aunque generó estrés hídrico y lumínico leve en las plantas aclimatadas a la sombra que fueron expuestas a luz plena. Ninguno de estos estreses repercutió negativamente en el crecimiento de las plantas.; Regeneration is one of the most relevant processes to manage native forests. In this stage of the forest dynamic, the acclimation of the species to changes in light environments is very important to ensure plant survivor and growth. Cabralea canjerana (cancharana) can acclimatate to contrasting light environments (sun in open areas and shade below a dense canopy) by modifying its morphology and physiology. The aim of this work was to evaluate the response of cancharana plants that were shade acclimated to sudden changes in light environment, i.e. simulating a gap opening in the forest. All the plants survived to the sudden change in light, but slight water and light stress was observed. Nevertheless, any of these stresses affected negatively growth.

Thermoregulation in Coastal Sand Dunes: Impacts of the Habitat Modification on the Wiegmann´s Lizard Block, Carolina; Stellatelli, Oscar Aníbal; Vega, Laura Estela; Cruz, Felix Benjamin; García, Germán Oscar; Isacch, Juan Pablo The notion of thermoregulation implies that organisms actively use behavioral and physiological adjustments to maintain body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. Behavioral adjustments are the primary means that ectotherms like lizards use to regulate their Tb, of whom microhabitat selection is more important than postural adjustments. The structural properties of the habitat influence the capabilities of some lizards to thermoregulate efficiently, even many of the costs associated with thermoregulation can be reduced by inhabiting environments with environmental temperatures that are similar to their preferred Tb. Anyway, most of individuals acquire and maintain Tb by shuttling between different microhabitats where they can gain or lose heat. However, in places where the physiognomic structure of the native habitat has been modified by exotic vegetation the effects can be harmful, and some lizards must cope with a low thermal efficiency. In Argentina, the coastal sand dunes of the province of Buenos Aires have been planted whit acacia trees (Acacias pp) for stabilizing dunes and decorative purposes since the last 70 years. As a result, the structure of the native vegetation in some places has changed from open grasslands to areas covered with different degrees of a closed canopy, which reduces and deteriorates the thermal spectrum of the environment. The Wieggman´s lizard, Liolaemus wiegmannii, inhabits these coastal dunes using the vegetation cover of the semi fixed-dunes in natural and modified sites. This chapter presents the analysis of different aspects of the thermoregulation of this lizard (such as preferred and mean body temperatures, thermoregulatory efficiency, behavioral mechanisms, and thermal patch selection) in natural and modified grasslands, exploring how the structural alteration of native grasslands of coastal sand dunes affects thermoregulation of this species.

New paleoecological interpretations of the South American Miocene Mourasuchus (Alligatoroidea, Caimaninae) Cidade, Giovanne; Bona, Paula; Pérez, Leandro Martín; Tineo, David; Poire, Daniel Gustavo The South American Caimaninae Mourasuchus has an unusual skull morphology, characterized by a long, broad, flat skull along with long, narrow mandibles with short symphyses and numerous, but small teeth. This peculiar morphology claims for similarly peculiar paleoecological theories to be made for this lineage. Namely, the morphology seen in both the skull and jaw ? which differs from the trade-off proposed for crocodilian food capturing strategies based on cranial morphology by providing neither speed nor strength, but an increase in area to the skull ? precluded in Mourasuchus the capacity to capture and hold large prey in the fashion of modern crocodiles. Some post-cranial structures, such as the shortness of the neck, corroborate this view as they would preclude Mourasuchus to perform strong neck movements, which are also necessary to the ingestion of large prey in modern crocodiles. As such, one of the speculated theories for the alternative feeding habits of Mourasuchus regarded these animals as aquatic, passive filter feeding crocodiles. However, recent studies show that the shortness of the neck also indicates that Mourasuchus had a less hydrodynamic body than what is seen, for example, in an extant semi-aquatic crocodile. In its turn, this indicates not only that Mourasuchus was not capable to hold and dismember large prey, but also that they could have inhabited preferentially shallow water or semi-terrestrial environments, such as a swamp. The diet items could have consisted of fishes ? either small or even large, but slow-moving ones such as Dipnoi (Lepidosiren) ? crustaceans and other small animals or even plants, as suggested in previous works. Swampy environments were abundant during the Miocene in South America, a time and space in which the crocodile fauna was very diverse, and niche and habitat partitioning were essential to the biodiversity and morphological disparity seen in such fauna. In this context, Mourasuchus would contribute to it by occupying not only a different ecological niche, but also a different, specialized habitat ? swampy environments ? leaving other niches and habitats for other crocodilians known for the Miocene of South America such as Purussaurus (big-sized predator), Gryposuchus and Hesperogavialis (longirostrine piscivorous) and Caiman (opportunistic, medium-sized predators). The interpretation of the reconstructions of cranial soft structures in Mourasuchus, as vasculature, sense organs, brain and nerves, together with the musculature of the head and neck will certainly increase the knowledge about the paleoecology of this South-American Miocene bizarre group of Crocodylia.

Acciones urbanas y economías creativas como posibilidad de reflexión y construcción colectiva de los espacios públicos en la ciudad de Córdoba Stang, José Ignacio La ciudad contemporánea es más compleja cada día, más rica en formas y contactos por lo que surge la necesidad de actuar sobre ella con diferentes estrategias y aproximaciones, mezclando escalas, formas de actuación y protagonistas. Esta multiplicidad de elementos invita a plantear novedosas estrategias de intervención. Al trabajo del planeamiento y construcción de las ciudades, es necesario sumar un plus a favor de acciones que estimulen a la ciudad y que logren un máximo efecto con una mínima intervención. Dentro de estas intervenciones existen algunas que, al definirse como menores por ser transitorias, estar ubicadas en tejidos locales y tener un mínimo costo, pueden ser realizadas por ciudadanos para ser habitadas por ellos mismos y sus comunidades. Estas son las denominadas acciones urbanas. Los objetivos del trabajo apuntan a analizar y reflexionar nuestras ciudades contemporáneas desde la perspectiva de crisis actual e indagar el rol que la creatividad y la participación ciudadana tiene en este contexto. Se investigará la posibilidad de la transformación de nuestras ciudades en general, y de Córdoba, Argentina en particular, en la recuperación y apropiación del espacio público desde las economías creativas, a través de las acciones urbanas.; The contemporary city is more complex every day, richer in forms and contacts. This raises the need to act on the city with different strategies and approaches, merging scales, forms of action and main actors. This multiplicity of elements encourages us to create new intervention strategies. It is necessary to add to the planning and construction of the cities a plus for action that boosts the city and that achieves maximum effect with minimal intervention. Within these interventions, there are some that when defined as minors for being transient, located in local tissues and having minimal cost, can be performed by citizens to be inhabited by them and their communities. These are the so-called urban actions. The objective of the study is to analyze and reflect our contemporary cities from the perspective of current crisis and to investigate the role that creativity and citizen participation have in this context. The possibility of transforming our cities in general and, the city of Cordoba, Argentina in particular, will be investigated, taking into account the recovery and appropriation of public space by means of creative economies, through urban actions.

El convencionalismo jurídico: Un recorrido analítico Arena, Federico José ¿Existe una convención entre los jueces?, ¿es esta convención el hecho jurídico fundamental? El convencionalismo jurídico suele asociarse con quienes responden afirmativamente a estas preguntas. Sin embargo, no ha resultado sencillo explicar con precisión el contenido de esa respuesta. El esfuerzo que caracteriza a este libro está dirigido a precisar y aclarar los elementos centrales de la tesis según la cual el hecho jurídico fundamental es una convención. A partir de la identificación de las condiciones de convencionalidad, i. e. las condiciones que hacen de un hecho una convención, el autor avanza en el examen de las diferentes nociones de convención (basadas en el acuerdo y basadas en la convergencia), de los tipos de convención (de coordinación y constitutivas) y de los niveles de convencionalidad (convenciones profundas y superficiales). Asimismo, siguiendo la propuesta de Herbert Hart, el autor analiza cómo esas distinciones pueden echar luz sobre la práctica de identificación del derecho. En este sentido, se abordan y se ofrecen respuestas a dos tipos de críticas. Las críticas internas, según las cuales no se dan en la práctica jurídica las condiciones de convencionalidad. Y las críticas externas, según las cuales la tesis convencionalista deja sin explicación un rasgo fundamental de esa práctica, a saber, su normatividad.

La morada incómoda: Estudios sobre poesía mapuche: Elicura Chihuailaf y Liliana Ancalao Mellado, Silvia Renee La morada incómoda. Estudio sobre poesía mapuche: Elicura Chihuailaf y Liliana Ancalao (Mellado 2014), prologado por Laura Pollastri con el estudio "La morosa habitación de la palabra: letra y comunidad en Elicura Chihuailaf y Liliana Ancalao", comprende tres sectores: 1. "La lengua atrincherada: Aproximaciones al poemario De Sueños Azules y contrasueños de Elicura Chihuailaf" y "Tránsitos y arreos: aproximaciones a MUJERES A LA INTEMPERIE / PU ZOMO WEKUNTU MEW DE LILIANA ANCALAO" -dos estudios sobre los poemarios, ambos textos en ediciones bilingües; 2. "Conversaciones" y "La palabra laborada" comprenden una entrevista a Liliana Ancalao y un cuestionario respondido por Elicura Chihuailaf, respectivamente; 3. Un anexo que incluye dos textos de los poetas estudiados: ´Eso es lo que é´ de Liliana Ancalao y Ñi Kallfv ruka mu choyvn / La casa azul en la que nací de Elicura Chihuailaf. El primer capítulo referido a la obra bilingüe de Chihuailaf (Quecherewue, IX Región, Chile, 1952) es el resultado de investigaciones en el marco de la beca interna postdoctoral CONICET sobre la poesía del sur de Chile. El carácter precursor de la obra de este autor se ubica, en principio, en un movimiento pasible de ser entendido como mitificación, pues instala un tipo de poesía en la intersección de los códigos escrito y oral al mismo tiempo que erige una poética sacralizadora. El tratamiento ceremonial de la palabra trama lo contemporáneo mapuche en un territorio simbólico impregnado por lo sagrado (Cárcamo Huechante 2012: 41) y se enlaza con una visión de continuidad entre la historia reciente -Pacificación de la Araucanía- y el presente. Chihuailaf denuncia la mitificación del gran araucano evidenciando esa epopeya popular que muestra al criollo y al indio -al chileno y al mapuche- unidos al mismo tiempo que borra el rostro del mapuche actual. Uno de los aspectos que se indagan en la poética de Chihuailaf es el coloquio o el ámbito de la interlocución y desde allí las relaciones ente memoria, oralidad, escritura, testimonio, parlamento o nutram, poesía y lengua. El segundo capítulo, resultado de una parte de las investigaciones en el marco de la Beca Interna Doctoral CONICET sobre poesía y narrativa breve en Patagonia argentina, indaga el último poemario bilingüe de Ancalao (Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina, 1961). Miembro de la Comunidad mapuche-tehuelche Ñamkulawen, la poeta se posiciona al interior de la literatura escrita en Patagonia argentina como el exponente de la poesía mapuche. Ancalao adopta, tanto en su obra poética como ensayística, una posición definida a la hora de establecer opciones respecto de su pertenencia cultural. Entre otros aspectos, se indagan en PU ZOMO los desplazamientos de un sujeto poético desterritorializado sobre la lengua y el cuerpo: la búsqueda de lican o llanka en tanto lengua deviene arreo de modulación y resonancia distinta y a la vez en consonancia con la entrada del cullin y culliñ [animal y bienes] a la Patagonia. Por otra parte, en la sección "Conversaciones" se instala un diálogo con los poetas y la relación de estos con la poesía, la lengua, las decisiones estéticas, entre otras. Los textos correspondientes al anexo son representativos de los autores. El primero de corte ensayístico "eso es lo que é", fue escrito por Liliana Ancalao con motivo de la invitacióna la mesa central "200 años escribiendo la Argentina", a propósito del Bicentenario de la Independencia, en el XXVIII Encuentro de Escritores Patagónicos (Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Patagonia Argentina, 2010). "Ñi Kallfv ruka mu choyvn" / "La casa azul en la que nací" de Chihuailaf es es el tercer apartado de Recado confidencial a los chilenos (1999a: 15 -21) y es una prosificación del poema "Sueño azul" de De Sueños Azules y contrasueños ([1995] 2008).