La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y la “conversación entre iguales”; The Inter-American Human Rights Court and the “conversation among equals” Gargarella, Roberto El propósito de este artículo es el de reflexionar sobre la justificación de la tarea de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. La idea que mueve a este texto es que, de modo habitual, estudiamos las decisiones de la Corte tratando de determinar si nos refieren a un tribunal activista o poco activista (self-restrained); más liberal, conservador o progresista; pero pocas veces nos detenemos a reflexionar sobre la justificación misma de su tarea. En este breve trabajo, comenzaré a examinar la cuestión, tomando en cuenta una concepción particular sobre la democracia —a la que denominaré “democracia como conversación entre iguales”—. Desde allí procuraré derivar una cierta justificación de la judicial review –sensible al contexto y peculiaridades institucionales de la región– que me ayudará a evaluar críticamente el papel y misión de la Corte Interamericana.; The purpose of this article is to reflect on the justification of the work of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The idea that moves this text is that, commonly, we study the decisions of the Court trying to determine whether they refer to an activist or self-restrained Court; whether those decisions are liberal, conservative or progressive; but we seldom reflect on the very justification of the Court’s task. In this brief paper, I will begin to examine the question, taking into account a particular conception of democracy—which I will call “democracy as conversation among equals.” From that standpoint I will derive a certain justification of judicial review—a model of judicial review that would be sensitive to the context and institutional peculiarities of the region—that will help me to critically evaluate the role and mission of the Inter-American Court.

Contribuciones del pensamiento queer-cuir-kuir y las disidencias sexo-genéricas a la producción de conocimiento situada en un aquí y ahora multidireccional e interdisciplinario desde el Sur-Sur; Contributions of queer-cuir-kuir thought and gender- sex dissidences to the production of knowledge located in a multidirectional and interdisciplinary here and now from the South-South Saxe, Facundo Nazareno; Míguez, Antón Castro; Sutherland, Juan Pablo Artículo introductorio del Dossier Contribuciones situadas y multidireccionales del pensamiento queer (cuir/kuir) y las disidencias sexo-genéricas en los estudios hispánicos, escrito por Facundo Saxe, Juan Pablo Shuterland y Antón Míguez Castro. De la introducción: Esa palabra tan compleja, que genera tensiones y estallidos, discusiones y “contaminaciones”: queer. Una palabra que nos suena, por momentos, ajena, y nos sitúa, inicialmente, en la conformación de este dossier. Queer, un término que, sabemos, no tiene traducción en nuestra lengua; aparece como un espectro en el activismo y la academia en distintos momentos y espacios de nuestra región desde su emergencia en un pensamiento queer anglosajón hacia fines de los ochenta y principios de los noventa en Estados Unidos, con nombres tan reconocidos en distintas disciplinas y espacios geopolíticos como Judith Butler o Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick.Ahora, mucho tiempo pasó de ese momento queer que, creemos, no inicia nada, sino que forma parte de un gran sistema de pensamiento enunciado por fuera de la cisheteronorma patriarcal y que tiene una genealogía compleja, contradictoria, invisibilizada, incompleta, caótica y multiforme. Ese momento queer es simplemente un eslabón más de esa historia y esa producción de conocimiento, una historia que muchas veces se encuentra silenciada por los mecanismos de producción de conocimiento de la ciencia cisheteropatriarcal. Y cuando hablamos de nuestra región, atravesada por “siglos de saqueo y aniquilación de la lengua” (flores, 2018), queer aparece como una tensión entre diversos espacios y posibilidades, y, en muchos casos, ya no estamos ante ese queer anglosajón, pues este se convierte en otra cosa, en algo que se enuncia con acento latinoamericano, que deviene otro término y otra palabra y que contamina la lengua del cisheteropatriarcado. En esas otras apariciones el término queer en nuestra región, se vuelve cuir o kuir u otras posibilidades, que ya no enuncian desde una direccionalidad ni piensan simplemente el queer en inglés. La unidireccionalidad se vuelve multidireccionalidad en un cuir-kuir sexo-disidente producido con múltiples acentos latinoamericanos que no debe obediencia ni rinde culto al queer producido en otros continentes.

Early selection for spike fertility index increases yield of advanced generations in bread wheat Alonso, María Pía; Franco, María Fiorella; Pontaroli, Ana Spike fertility index (a.k.a. fruiting efficiency) at maturity (FEm -grain number per spike/g spike chaff at maturity-) and spike harvest index (SHI - grain weight per spike/g spike chaff weight at maturity-) are considered promising selection criteria for improving grain yield (GY) in bread wheat. However, their usefulness in early generations remains to be established.. Here, a population derived from a cross between ‘Baguette 10’ and ‘Klein Chajá’ was evaluated from early generations (F2-F3) to recombinant inbred lines (RIL). Associations of FEm and SHI measurements between early generations and RIL were established. Also, responses in grain number/m2 (GN) and GY in the RIL after simulated selection for high FEm or high SHI in the F2-F3 were assessed. Positive correlations were found in FEm measured in the F2-F3 vs. in the RIL (r=0.32, P<0.05) and SHI measured in the F3 vs. in the RIL (r=0.26, P<0.05). After selection for high FEm in the F2-F3, responses in GN were always positive: GN increased by 5.1 to 22.1% depending on the selection strategy. Responses in GY were positive in three out of four selection strategies, averaging 1.3 to 2.1%. Responses to selection in GN and GY in the RIL using SHI as a selection criterion in the F2-F3 were negative or neutral. Our results support the use of FEm as a selection criterion in early generations for increasing GN and GY in advanced generations of bread wheat breeding programs.

Intrinsic Disorder in α-Synuclein Regulates the Exocytotic Fusion Pore Transition Di Bartolo, Ary Lautaro; Caparotta, Marcelo Rubén; Masone, Diego Fernando Today, it is widely accepted that intrinsic disorder is strongly related to the cell cycle, during mitosis, differentiation, and apoptosis. Of particular interest are hybrid proteins possessing both structured and unstructured domains that are critical in human health and disease, such as α-synuclein. In this work, we describe how α-synuclein interacts with the nascent fusion pore as it evolves toward expansion. We unveil the key role played by its intrinsically disordered region as a thermodynamic regulator of the nucleation-expansion energy barrier. By analyzing a truncated variant of α-synuclein that lacks the disordered region, we find that the landscape of protein interactions with PIP2 and POPS lipids is highly altered, ultimately increasing the energy cost for the fusion pore to transit from nucleation to expansion. We conclude that the intrinsically disordered region in full-length α-synuclein recognizes and allocates pivotal protein:lipid interactions during membrane remodeling in the first stages of the fusion pore.

Itinerarios de la fragmentación patrimonial: Archivos, arqueología, biografías y conservación de la Colección Giai (Museo de la Patagonia, PNNH-APN); Itineraries of heritage fragmentation: archives, archaeology, biographies and conservation of the Giai Collection (Museo de la Patagonia, PNNH-APN); Roteiros de fragmentação do patrimônio: arquivos, arqueologia, biografias e conservação da Coleção Giai (Museo de la Patagonia, PNNH-APN) Bianchi Villelli, Marcia Eliana; Piantoni, Giulietta; Schweickardt, Josefina María El Museo de la Patagonia “Dr. Francisco P. Moreno” (PNNH-APN) incorporóen 1943 la colección arqueológica conocida como “Andrés Giai”, resultado deexploraciones del norte neuquino. El presente trabajo, a partir de un abordajeinterdisciplinar, da cuenta de manera crítica de las condiciones de producciónestatales del archivo museológico. A partir del mapeo de un “repositorio múltiple”,se posibilita el reentramado de la colección a partir de la localizacióny análisis de documentación de gran interés que ilumina las condiciones derecolección y su posterior itinerario institucional; la construcción de redes interinstitucionalespara la localización de objetos y restos humanos; así como delanálisis e interpretación de los materiales. En el marco de los debates actualessobre procesos de patrimonialización, resulta un paso necesario que las institucionesestatales puedan dar cuenta de su accionar y lograr transformar lascondiciones de accesibilidad a sus colecciones.; The Museum of Patagonia “Dr. Francisco P. Moreno” (PNNH-APN) incorporated in 1943 the archeological collection known as “Andrés Giai”, result of explorations of the North of Neuquén. This paper, thought an interdisciplinary approach, gives a critical review of the state production condition of the museological archive. From the mapping of a “multiple repository”, the re-weaving of the collection is made possible from the location and analysis of documentation of great interest that illuminates the collection conditions and its subsequent institutional itinerary; the construction of inter-institutional networks for the location of objects and human remains; as well as the analysis and interpretation of the materials. Within the framework of the current debates on heritage processes, it is a necessary step that state institutions can account for their actions and manage to transform the conditions of accessibility to their collections.; O Museu da Patagônia “Dr. Francisco P. Moreno” (PNNH-APN) incorporou em 1943 a coleção arqueológica conhecida como “Andrés Giai”, resultado de explorações do norte de Neuquén. O presente trabalho, a partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, faz um relato crítico das condições estatais de produção do arquivo museológico. A partir do mapeamento de um “repositório múltiplo”, o re-tecido do acervo é possibilitado a partir da localização e análise de documentação de grande interesse que ilumina as condições do acervo e seu posterior itinerário institucional; a construção de redes interinstitucionais de localização de objetos e restos humanos; bem como a análise e interpretação dos materiais. No quadro dos debates atuais sobre os processos patrimoniais, é um passo necessário para que as instituições estatais possam prestar contas de suas ações e consigam transformar as condições de acessibilidade aos seus acervos.

Salarios en Argentina durante el siglo XX. Fuentes, Estado del arte y propuestas de agenda Cuesta, Eduardo Martín; Cuk, Mauro Nahuel La evolución y nivel de los salarios son elementos centrales en la historia económica. Permiteacercarse a las condiciones de vida, desigualdad, distribución del ingreso, además de otrosanálisis posibles. En el caso de Argentina, las fuentes disponibles han permitido observar casitodo el siglo XX, con alguna limitación. Dados los cambios en las características políticas eideológicas a lo largo del siglo, diferentes organizaciones relevaron los datos, con diversosobjetivos y herramientas. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de las series de salariosdisponibles, describiendo su construcción y uso, así como sus posibilidades y límites. En elmarco de las nuevas agendas en historia económica, se sugerirán senderos de investigación afuturo.; Wages are one of the main imputs in economic history, in particular about levels and evolutions. It’s allow to approach living standard conditions, inequality, productivity and income distribution. In the Argentinean case, the available statistical sources include data for the 20th century, but with different limitations. Given the political and ideological changes throughout the century, different organizations collected data with different approaches.. In this paper we present a critical analysis of the available wages series, explaining how these series were built and how were used. In the framework of the new agenda, we suggest a set of research paths.

Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo de brucelosis y leptospirosis en cerdos en comunidades rurales de Argentina Silva, Maria Julia; Scialfa, Exequiel Alejandro; Gutiérrez, Silvina Elena; Tisnés, Adela; Rodriguez, Marcelo Gaston; Estein, Silvia Marcela; Rivero, Mariana Alejandra Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia de brucelosis y leptospirosis en cerdos de granjas de pequeña escala en áreas rurales del partido de Tandil, Argentina; analizar los factores de riesgo asociados; describir los serogrupos de Leptospira spp. prevalentes y determinar la distribución espacial de ambas enfermedades. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron 340 muestras de suero. Se utilizaron la prueba de aglutinación en placa, la prueba de Rosa de Bengala y el Test de Polarización de la Fluorescencia para detectar anticuerpos contra Brucella spp. Se aplicó la Prueba de Aglutinación Microscópica para el diagnóstico de leptospirosis. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos para evaluar los factores asociados a las infecciones. Resultados. Se observaron seroprevalencias de 0 y 22,6% para brucelosis y leptospirosis, respectivamente. Los serogrupos de Leptospira más prevalentes fueron: Canicola, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae y Pomona. Los principales factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por leptospirosis fueron el mayor número de cerdos, la presencia de equinos y la presencia de jabalíes cerca o dentro de las granjas. Se asoció el uso de subproductos de cereal como alimento para los animales y el uso de cajón para el destete. Se detectó un agrupamiento espacial significativo de seropositividad a Leptospira spp. en un área de baja altitud. Conclusiones. La brucelosis probablemente esté controlada, pero Leptospira spp. se encuentra presente en estas producciones. El conocimiento de la seroprevalencia de la brucelosis y la leptospirosis, su distribución espacial y los factores de riesgo asociados puede ser útil para la prevención y el control de enfermedades zoonóticas endémicas en la región.

Combining the light-demanding Araucaria angustifolia with the shade-tolerant Cabralea canjerana: mixed plantations to produce tropical timber trees outside the Atlantic rainforest Olguin, Flavia Yesica; Moretti, Ana Paula; Pinazo, Martín Alcides; Goya, Juan Francisco; Gortari, Fermin; Vera Bahima, José; Graciano, Corina Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they are only harvested from native rainforests. Other species require high radiation to establish and can be planted in monospecific stands. The main question was if the canopy generated by a light demanding rainforest species could protect mid-successional timber species from high radiation and extreme temperatures. We evaluated the establishment of Cabralea canjerana under the canopy of Araucaria angustifolia stands. We related growth with the number of neighbors to determine the better positions to plant C. canjerana. In one stand, we measured environmental and physiological traits and we determined that seedling did not suffer light or water stress. C. canjerana plants establishment was successful in stands of different basal areas and trees reached the highest growth with up to two A. angustifolia neighbors within a 5m radius. Therefore, the number of neighbors is a tool to choose the planting location to convert even-aged to uneven-aged mixed stands. In this way, valuable native timber species that requires canopy protection during the first years can be planted outside the rainforest. This is the first report of an uneven-aged mixed plantation of two Atlantic Forest timber species.

Microencapsulation of a Native Strain of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana and Bioinsecticide Activity against Pyrethroid-Resistant Triatoma infestans to Vector Control of Chagas Disease in the Argentine Gran Chaco Region Baldiviezo, Linda Vanesa; Nieva, Lucía Beatriz; Pedrini, Nicolás; Cardozo, Rubén Marino The blood-sucking bug Triatoma infestans is the main Chagas disease vector in the Southern Cone of Latin America. Populations resistant to pyrethroid insecticides have been detected in the early 2000s and then expanded to the endemic area of northern Salta province, Argentina. In this context, the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has been shown to be pathogenic to pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans. In this study, both the bioinsecticidal activity and the residual effect of an alginate-based microencapsulation of a native strain of B. bassiana (Bb-C001) were tested under semi-field conditions against pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans nymphs. Fungal microencapsulated formulation caused higher nymph mortality than the unmicroencapsulated fungus and contributed to maintaining the conidial viability throughout the period evaluated under the tested conditions. These results suggest that alginate microencapsulation is an effective, simple, low-cost method that could be incorporated into the formulation of a bioinsecticide as a strategy to reduce the vector transmission of Chagas disease.

Invited Commentary: Just Using Computers for Any Subject is Not Enough to Acquire Computational Thinking in Early Childhood Education Hermida, Maria Julia; Garzón, María Magdalena; Martinez, Maria Cecilia Children around the globe are being raised in environments that are saturated with smart devices. Consequently, teaching computer science at schools is almost universally accepted, with most countries moving towards its inclusion in the curriculum, even as of kindergarten (Bers, 2019; Bers et al., 2019).One apparent reason for this educational decision is technology alphabetization: com-puting is a new literacy for the 21st century (Bers, 2019). Another reason is the change in the way of thinking about how to solve problems, that is, how we acquire computational thinking (CT). CT is defined as “... the thought processes involved in formulating problems and their solutions so that the solutions are represented in a form that can be effectively carried out by an information-processing agent” (Wing, 2011). CT includes at least four skills: a) breaking down a problem into easy steps; b) pattern recognition; c) abstraction; and d) the design of algorithms – understood as a series of steps to follow

An Adaptive Soft Sensor for On-Line Monitoring the Mass Conversion in the Emulsion Copolymerization of the Continuous SBR Process Sanseverinatti, Carlos Ignacio; Perdomo, Mariano Miguel; Clementi, Luis Alberto; Vega, Jorge Ruben Soft sensors (SS) are of importance in monitoring polymerization processes because numerous production and quality variables cannot be measured online. Adaptive SSs are of interest to maintain accurate estimations under disturbances and changes in operating points. This study proposes an adaptive SS to online estimate the mass conversion in the emulsion copolymerization required for the production of Styrene-Butadiene rubber (SBR). The SS includes a bias term calculated from sporadic laboratory measurements. Typically, the bias is updated every time a new laboratory report becomes available, but this strategy leads to unnecessarily frequent bias updates. The SS includes a statistic-based tool to avoid unnecessary bias updates and reduce the variability of the bias with respect to classical approaches. A control chart (CC) for individual determinations combined with an algorithmic Cusum is used to monitor the statistical stability of the average prediction error. The adaptive SS enables a bias update only when a loss of said statistical stability is detected. Several bias update methods are tested on a simulated industrial train of reactors for the latex production in the SBR process. The best results are obtained by combining the proposed CC-based approach with a previously developed Bayesian bias update strategy.

Soil carbon accumulation in continuous cropping systems of the rolling Pampa (Argentina): The role of crop sequence, cover cropping and agronomic technology Semmartin, María Gisela; Cosentino, Diego; Poggio, Santiago Luis; Benedit, Beltrán; Biganzoli, Fernando; Peper, Alberto The design of sustainable, high-yielding continuous cropping systems requires to maintain, or even restore, critical ecosystem properties, such as soil functioning. In the rolling Pampa (Argentina), total soil organic carbon decreased by 15–40% due to continuous agriculture. Therefore, soils are far from their potential carbon saturation. The most promising strategies to increase yield and restore carbon rely on the sustainable intensification of the current cropping systems based on no-tillage practices. Such strategies also involve increasing resource use through cover crops, increasing cropping intensity, and performing accurate and flexible fertilization and crop protection schemes. This study evaluated the effects of different cropping systems on soil organic carbon stocks in the uppermost 20 cm of the soil profile. We performed a 5-year experiment combining five cropping systems with different cash crop sequence (soybean mono-cropping and two different rotations) and agronomic technology (genotypes, fertilization, and crop protection), which in turn were evaluated under both fallow and cover cropping. Five years after the beginning of the experiment, all systems had a net positive balance of soil carbon accumulation, which averaged 2.25 t C.ha-1.yr-1. On average, 41% of plant carbon inputs remained within the first 20 cm of the soil profile. Cover crops increased plant carbon inputs, with larger effects as the cash crops occupied a shorter period in the field. Therefore, compared to fallow, cover crop doubled carbon input in soybean mono-cropping, had intermediate increments in the maize-soybean sequence, and had the lowest increments in the wheat/soybean-maize-soybean sequence. Under fallow, both rotations outperformed the plant carbon inputs of soybean mono-cropping. Management intensification, only evaluated for rotations, increased plant carbon inputs and soil carbon accumulation in a synergistic interaction with cover crop. Our results indicate that increasing carbon inputs through crop rotation, cover cropping and better agronomic technology is an opportunity to revert the long trend of soil carbon deficit of these agricultural lands.

Soybean dependence on biotic pollination decreases with latitude Leme Da Cunha, Nicolay; Chacoff, Natacha Paola; Sáez, Agustín; Schmucki, Reto; Galetto, Leonardo; Devoto, Mariano; Carrasco, Julieta; Mazzei, Mariana Paola; Castillo, Silvio Eugenio; Palacios, Tania Paula; Vesprini, Jose Luis; Agostini, Kayna; Saraiva, Antônio Mauro; Woodcock, Ben Alex; Ollerton, Jeff; Aizen, Marcelo Adrian Identifying large-scale patterns of variation in pollinator dependence (PD) in crops is important from both basic and applied perspectives. Evidence from wild plants indicates that this variation can be structured latitudinally. Individuals from populations at high latitudes may be more selfed and less dependent on pollinators due to higher environmental instability and overall lower temperatures, environmental conditions that may affect pollinator availability. However, whether this pattern is similarly present in crops remains unknown. Soybean (Glycine max), one of the most important crops globally, is partially self-pollinated and autogamous, exhibiting large variation in the extent of PD (from a 0 to ∼50% decrease in yield in the absence of animal pollination). We examined latitudinal variation in soybean's PD using data from 28 independent studies distributed along a wide latitudinal gradient (4–43 degrees). We estimated PD by comparing yields between open-pollinated and pollinator-excluded plants. In the absence of pollinators, soybean yield was found to decrease by an average of ∼30%. However, PD decreases abruptly at high latitudes, suggesting a relative increase in autogamous seed production. Pollinator supplementation does not seem to increase seed production at any latitude. We propose that latitudinal variation in PD in soybean may be driven by temperature and photoperiod affecting the expression of cleistogamy and androsterility. Therefore, an adaptive mating response to an unpredictable pollinator environment apparently common in wild plants can also be imprinted in highly domesticated and genetically-modified crops.

Evaluation of DNA integrity and chromatin condensation in cat sperm collected by urethral catheterization and epididymis slicing Allera, Cecilia; Gallelli, Maria Florencia; Neild, Debora Margarita; Carretero, Maria Ignacia The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the original sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assay and the toluidine blue (TB) stain to assess DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation, respectively, in cat sperm obtained by urethral catheterization (CT) and epididymis slicing (EP). CT and EP samples were collected from the same cat, and sperm motility, concentration, morphology, DNA integrity and chromatin condensation were evaluated. As controls, aliquots of the samples were incubated with 0.3 M NaOH and with 1% of dithiothreitol (DTT) to promote DNA fragmentation and chromatin decondensation, respectively. With SCD, four DNA dispersion halo patterns were observed: large, medium, small and no halo. TB staining patterns were as follows: light blue (condensed chromatin), light violet (moderate chromatin decondensation) and dark blue-violet (high chromatin decondensation). Sperm incubations with NaOH and with DTT were effective in inducing DNA fragmentation and chromatin decondensation, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the percentages of the SCD and TB patterns between samples (CT and EP) and no correlation was observed between sperm head abnormalities and the different SCD and TB patterns. The original SCD technique and the TB stain were adapted to evaluate DNA integrity and chromatin condensation in cat sperm obtained by CT and EP.

El paso a la coeducación en el Gymnasium de Tucumán (Argentina), último colegio universitario argentino con educación diferenciada de varones (2017); The move to coeducation at the Gymnasium in Tucumán (Argentina), the last Argentine university college with single-sex education for boys (2017) Kopelovich, Pablo En julio de 2017, ante la intención de una familia de inscribir a su hija en el Colegio“Gymnasium” de Tucumán (Argentina), escuela media dependiente de la UniversidadNacional de Tucumán, la prensa comenzó a difundir y dar su opinión sobre una seriede disputas entre la comunidad educativa de ese establecimiento en torno a quedeje de ser exclusivamente para varones. El objetivo del artículo es analizar esasdiscusiones generadas y reproducidas por los medios de comunicación digitales,dando cuenta de las posturas de alumnos, padres/madres, docentes, egresados ydirectivos. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa y el análisis de documentos comotécnica de investigación, para analizar un caso. Adoptamos una perspectiva crítica degénero, y consideramos a la prensa como actor social y político. Hallamos entre losintegrantes de la comunidad educativa del colegio en cuestión, y los/as periodistas quecubrieron el acontecimiento, posturas a favor y en contra del cambio desde una educación diferenciada de varones hacia una “educación mixta” o “coeducación”. Entrelas posturas que están en contra del cambio (para mantener un espacio homosocial)encontramos argumentos relativos a mantener la tradición de la institución y la libertadde elección, y considerar la supuesta esencia de los varones, universalizando a loshombres y las mujeres. También se destaca la generación de lazos de fraternidad, enun marco de heteronormatividad. Entre las posiciones a favor del cambio se pretendela no discriminación de las alumnas, buscando superar postulados educativos quese entienden como desiguales y anticuados (desconociendo en parte la vigencia de este modo en distintas latitudes). Concluimos que en ambas posturas se adhiere albinarismo de género, no considerando otras identidades posibles.; In July 2017, given the intention of a family to enroll their daughter in the “Gymnasium” College of Tucumán (Argentina), a secondary school dependent on the National University of Tucumán, the press began to spread and give their opinion on a series of disputes between the educational community of that establishment around the fact that it ceases to be exclusively for boys. The objective of the article is to analyze these discussions generated and reproduced by the digital media, accounting for the positions of students, parents, teachers, graduates and managers. A qualitative methodology and document analysis are used as a research technique to analyze a case. We adopt a critical gender perspective, and we consider the press as a social and political actor. We found among the members of the educational community of the school in question, and the journalists who covered the event, positions for and against the change from a differentiated education for boys towards a “mixed education” or “coeducation”. Among the positions that are against change (to maintain a homosocial space) we find arguments related to maintaining the tradition of the institution and freedom of choice, and considering the supposed essence of men, universalizing men and women. The generation of bonds of fraternity is also highlighted, in a framework of heteronormativity. Among the positions in favor of change, the non-discrimination of female students is intended, seeking to overcome educational postulates that are understood as unequal and outdated (partly ignoring the validity of this mode in different latitudes). We conclude that in both positions it adheres to the gender binarism, not considering other possible identities.

Análisis de las modalidades didácticas en arquitectura: sobre el taller, la formación y el saber proyectual; Analysis of didactic modalities in architecture: about the workshop, training and project knowing Rodríguez, Lucas Gastón; Fiscarelli, Diego Martín La docencia de la arquitectura demanda procesos complejos, tanto en su enseñanza como su aprendizaje. En tal sentido, este artículo propone analizar sus modalidades y métodos didácticos, indagando respecto de su pertinencia para la formación integral que supone el conocimiento proyectual. En consecuencia, se describen las características de la formación integral en arquitectura, el saber proyectual, la modalidad pedagógica de taller y los dispositivos didácticos de enchinchada y correcciones de proyecto. Se analizan las prácticas docentes en arquitectura, a partir de los métodos y estrategias pedagógicas clasificadas por las ciencias de la educación. Se expresan revisiones respecto del taller, las enchinchadas y las correcciones de proyecto. Y se concluye que la formación para el saber proyectual integra lo analítico, lo creativo y lo comunicativo.; Architecture teaching demands complex processes, both in its teaching and its learning. In this sense, the paper proposes to analyse its modalities and didactic methods, inquiring about its relevance for the integral formation that project knowledge requires. Consequently, we describe the characteristics of comprehensive training in architecture, project knowledge, workshop pedagogical modality and didactic devices of "taped up" and project corrections. We analyse architecture teaching practices, based on pedagogical methods and strategies for educational sciences. We express revisions regarding the workshop, the "taped up" and the project corrections. And we conclude that the training for project knowledge integrates the analytical, the creative and the communicative.

Dinámica de la población y del empleo en el NEA: ¿Nuevos escenarios para la región?; Population and employment dynamics in the Argentine Northeast: New scenarios for the region?; Dinâmica da população e emprego no Nordeste Argentino: ¿Novos cenários para a região? Schweitzer, Mariana Más allá de las desfavorables condiciones de vida, en el Nordeste Argentino se pueden identificar situaciones que podrían dar cuenta de procesos que ameritan ser observados, referidos a la dinámica de las actividades económicas, que han registrado un desempeño por encima del conjunto nacional. A partir de identificar las dinámicas positivas en referencia a empleadores y al empleo, se analizan las variaciones demográficas, y las condiciones para la consolidación de las actividades y para la reproducción social, considerando las complejidades de los servicios y de los equipamientos en los aglomerados urbanos. El análisis de estas dinámicas es multiescalar, dado que se realiza para el Nordeste Argentino respecto a los valores registrados para el conjunto del país, así como particularizando en las provincias y en las áreas económicas locales que integran la región. Se concluye con una mirada en sobresalientes núcleos urbanos para luego reflexionar sobre posibles tendencias de la región.; Beyond the unfavourable living conditions, situations can be identified in the Argentine Northeast, that could account for processes that merit observation, referring to the dynamics of economic activities, which have performed above the national average. Starting with the identification of positive dynamics, in terms of employers and employment, demographic variations are analysed, as well as the conditions for the consolidation of activities and for social reproduction, considering the complexities of services and facilities in urban agglomerates. The analysis of these dynamics is multi-scale, given that it is carried out for the Argentine Northeast with respect to the values recorded for the country as a whole, as well as particularizing in the provinces and local economic areas that make up the region. It concludes with a look at outstanding urban centres and then reflects on possible trends in the region.; Além das condições de vida desfavoráveis, no Nordeste Argentino identificam-se situações que poderiam dar conta de processos que merecem observação, referentes à dinâmica das atividades econômicas, que têm registrado desempenho superior à conjuntura nacional. A partir da identificação de dinâmicas positivas em relação ao emprego e aos empregadores, analisam-se as variações demográficas, as condições de consolidação das atividades e de reprodução social, considerando as complexidades de serviços e equipamentos nas aglomerações urbanas. A análise destas dinâmicas é multiescalar, uma vez que é realizada para o Nordeste Argentino no que diz respeito aos valores registados para o conjunto nacional, bem como particularizar nas províncias/estados e nas áreas económicas locais que compõem toda a região. Conclui-se com um olhar sobre os centros urbanos de destaque para, em seguida, refletir sobre possíveis tendências na região.

Key role of PIN1 in telomere maintenance and oncogenic behavior in a human glioblastoma model Maggio, Julian; Cardama, Georgina Alexandra; Armando, Romina Gabriela; Balcone, Lara; Sobol, Natasha Tatiana; Gomez, Daniel Eduardo; Mengual Gómez, Diego Luis PIN1 is the only known enzyme capable of recognizing and isomerizing the phosphorylated Serine/Threonine-Proline motif. Through this mechanism, PIN1 controls diverse cellular functions, including telomere maintenance. Both PIN1 overexpression and its involvement in oncogenic pathways are involved in several cancer types, including glioblastoma (GBM), a lethal disease with poor therapeutic resources. However, knowledge of the role of PIN1 in GBM is limited. Thus, the present work aimed to study the role of PIN1 as a telomere/telomerase regulator and its contribution to tumor biology. PIN1 knockout (KO) LN-229 cell variant using CRISPR/Cas9 was developed and compared with PIN1 LN-229 expressing cells. To study the effect of PIN1 absence, status of NF-κB pathway was evaluated by luciferase reporter gene assay and quantitative PCR. Results revealed that PIN1 deletion in GBM cells diminished the active levels of NF-κB and decrease the transcription of il-8 and htert genes. Then, telomere/telomerase related processes were studied by RQ-TRAP assay and telomere length determination by qPCR, obtaining a reduction both in telomerase activity as in telomere length in PIN1 KO cells. In addition, measurement of SA β-galactosidase and caspase-3 activities revealed that loss of PIN1 triggers senescence and apoptosis. Finally, migration, cell cycle progression and tumorigenicity were studied by flow cytometry/western blot, Transwell assay and in vivo experiments, respectively. PIN1 deletion decreased migration as well as cell cycle progression by increasing doubling time and also resulted in the loss of LN-229 cell ability to form tumors in mice. These results highlight the role of PIN1 in telomere homeostasis and GBM progression, which supports PIN1 as a potential molecular target for the development of novel therapeutic agents for GBM treatment.

León Rozitchner y el problema del sujeto: Una lectura filosófico-política de Freud; León Rozitchner and the Problem of the Subject: A Philosophical-Political Reading of Freud Yagüe, Pedro Guillermo Ya desde sus primeras publicaciones, la pregunta por la constitución histórica del sujeto se presenta como un eje central en la filosofía del argentino León Rozitchner (1924-2011). El presente artículo analiza el modo en que Rozitchner, a partir de esta problemática, realiza un camino que va desde la fenomenología hacia el psicoanálisis, dando así lugar a una lectura filosófico-política de Freud. En la primera parte, recomponemos las continuidades y rupturas teóricas que lo conducen de Merleau-Ponty hacia Freud. Una vez realizado esto, analizamos el modo en que, a partir de su lectura de Freud, Rozitchner advierte la existencia de dos distancias (una interna, otra externa) en la constitución histórica del sujeto. A modo de conclusión, señalamos la relevancia teórica y política de la filosofía de Rozitchner y algunos de los logros y límites de su lectura de Freud.; Since his first publications, the question of the historical constitution of the subject has been a central axis in the philosophy of the Argentinean thinker León Rozitchner (1924-2011). This paper analyzes how Rozitchner, through this issue, follows a path that goes from phenomenology to psychoanalysis, thus giving rise to a philosophical-political reading of Freud. In the first part, we reconstruct the theoretical continuities and ruptures that led him from Merleau-Ponty to Freud. Once this is done, we analyze the way in which, from his reading of Freud, Rozitchner notices the existence of two distances (one internal, the other external) in the historical constitution of the subject. By way of conclusion we point out the theoretical and political relevance of Rozitchner’s philosophy and some of the achievements and limits of his reading of Freud.

La presencia económica de China en Sudamérica: implicaciones para las dinámicas de cooperación intrarregional; China's Economic Presence in South America: Implications for the Dynamics of Intraregional Cooperation González Jáuregui, María Juliana; Tussie, Diana Alicia En este artículo se analiza la presencia económica china en Sudamérica en el marco de la Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta (IFyR) y más allá de ella, así como las implicaciones para las dinámicas de cooperación intrarregional, en un contexto de disputa estratégica entre China y Estados Unidos. Con un abordaje teórico-metodológico de la Economía Política Internacional, se busca comprender los procesos de cambio estructural y sus constricciones y/o posibilidades para los actores sociales. Se identifican los actores más relevantes y las interacciones entre los niveles doméstico, subregional y global de análisis. Se realiza un estudio de caso específico. En particular, se analiza cómo evolucionó la presencia de múltiples actores chinos en la subregión mediante proyectos digitales, energéticos y de logística y transporte, antes y luego de la invitación a América Latina a ser parte de la IFyR. Se explica cómo la presencia china se materializa a partir de la “creación de geografía”. El análisis incluye las reacciones de Estados Unidos y las implicaciones de estas pujas para las dinámicas intrarregionales en Sudamérica. En las conclusiones se reflexiona acerca de cómo la presencia china modifica intereses y preferencias, e influye en los planos doméstico y global, y de qué manera contribuye a reconfigurar las dinámicas de cooperación sudamericana.; This article analyzes the Chinese economic presence in South America within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and beyond it, and the implications for the dynamics of intraregional cooperation, in a context of strategic dispute between China and United States. From a theoretical-methodological approach of International Political Economy, we seek to understand the processes of structural change and the consequent constraints and/or possibilities for social actors. We identify the most relevant actors and the interactions between the domestic, subregional and global levels of analysis. We carry out a specific case study, in particular, we analyze how the presence of multiple Chinese actors in the subregion evolved through digital, energy, and logistics and transportation projects, before and after the invitation to Latin America to be part of the BRI. We explain how the Chinese presence materializes through the "creation of geography". The analysis includes the reactions of the United States and the implications of these responses for intra-regional dynamics in South America. In the conclusions, we offer reflections on how the Chinese presence modifies interests and preferences, and influences the domestic and global levels, and how it contributes to reconfigure the dynamics of South American cooperation.