Microencapsulation of a Native Strain of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana and Bioinsecticide Activity against Pyrethroid-Resistant Triatoma infestans to Vector Control of Chagas Disease in the Argentine Gran Chaco Region Baldiviezo, Linda Vanesa; Nieva, Lucía Beatriz; Pedrini, Nicolás; Cardozo, Rubén Marino The blood-sucking bug Triatoma infestans is the main Chagas disease vector in the Southern Cone of Latin America. Populations resistant to pyrethroid insecticides have been detected in the early 2000s and then expanded to the endemic area of northern Salta province, Argentina. In this context, the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has been shown to be pathogenic to pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans. In this study, both the bioinsecticidal activity and the residual effect of an alginate-based microencapsulation of a native strain of B. bassiana (Bb-C001) were tested under semi-field conditions against pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans nymphs. Fungal microencapsulated formulation caused higher nymph mortality than the unmicroencapsulated fungus and contributed to maintaining the conidial viability throughout the period evaluated under the tested conditions. These results suggest that alginate microencapsulation is an effective, simple, low-cost method that could be incorporated into the formulation of a bioinsecticide as a strategy to reduce the vector transmission of Chagas disease.

Invited Commentary: Just Using Computers for Any Subject is Not Enough to Acquire Computational Thinking in Early Childhood Education Hermida, Maria Julia; Garzón, María Magdalena; Martinez, Maria Cecilia Children around the globe are being raised in environments that are saturated with smart devices. Consequently, teaching computer science at schools is almost universally accepted, with most countries moving towards its inclusion in the curriculum, even as of kindergarten (Bers, 2019; Bers et al., 2019).One apparent reason for this educational decision is technology alphabetization: com-puting is a new literacy for the 21st century (Bers, 2019). Another reason is the change in the way of thinking about how to solve problems, that is, how we acquire computational thinking (CT). CT is defined as “... the thought processes involved in formulating problems and their solutions so that the solutions are represented in a form that can be effectively carried out by an information-processing agent” (Wing, 2011). CT includes at least four skills: a) breaking down a problem into easy steps; b) pattern recognition; c) abstraction; and d) the design of algorithms – understood as a series of steps to follow

An Adaptive Soft Sensor for On-Line Monitoring the Mass Conversion in the Emulsion Copolymerization of the Continuous SBR Process Sanseverinatti, Carlos Ignacio; Perdomo, Mariano Miguel; Clementi, Luis Alberto; Vega, Jorge Ruben Soft sensors (SS) are of importance in monitoring polymerization processes because numerous production and quality variables cannot be measured online. Adaptive SSs are of interest to maintain accurate estimations under disturbances and changes in operating points. This study proposes an adaptive SS to online estimate the mass conversion in the emulsion copolymerization required for the production of Styrene-Butadiene rubber (SBR). The SS includes a bias term calculated from sporadic laboratory measurements. Typically, the bias is updated every time a new laboratory report becomes available, but this strategy leads to unnecessarily frequent bias updates. The SS includes a statistic-based tool to avoid unnecessary bias updates and reduce the variability of the bias with respect to classical approaches. A control chart (CC) for individual determinations combined with an algorithmic Cusum is used to monitor the statistical stability of the average prediction error. The adaptive SS enables a bias update only when a loss of said statistical stability is detected. Several bias update methods are tested on a simulated industrial train of reactors for the latex production in the SBR process. The best results are obtained by combining the proposed CC-based approach with a previously developed Bayesian bias update strategy.

Soil carbon accumulation in continuous cropping systems of the rolling Pampa (Argentina): The role of crop sequence, cover cropping and agronomic technology Semmartin, María Gisela; Cosentino, Diego; Poggio, Santiago Luis; Benedit, Beltrán; Biganzoli, Fernando; Peper, Alberto The design of sustainable, high-yielding continuous cropping systems requires to maintain, or even restore, critical ecosystem properties, such as soil functioning. In the rolling Pampa (Argentina), total soil organic carbon decreased by 15–40% due to continuous agriculture. Therefore, soils are far from their potential carbon saturation. The most promising strategies to increase yield and restore carbon rely on the sustainable intensification of the current cropping systems based on no-tillage practices. Such strategies also involve increasing resource use through cover crops, increasing cropping intensity, and performing accurate and flexible fertilization and crop protection schemes. This study evaluated the effects of different cropping systems on soil organic carbon stocks in the uppermost 20 cm of the soil profile. We performed a 5-year experiment combining five cropping systems with different cash crop sequence (soybean mono-cropping and two different rotations) and agronomic technology (genotypes, fertilization, and crop protection), which in turn were evaluated under both fallow and cover cropping. Five years after the beginning of the experiment, all systems had a net positive balance of soil carbon accumulation, which averaged 2.25 t C.ha-1.yr-1. On average, 41% of plant carbon inputs remained within the first 20 cm of the soil profile. Cover crops increased plant carbon inputs, with larger effects as the cash crops occupied a shorter period in the field. Therefore, compared to fallow, cover crop doubled carbon input in soybean mono-cropping, had intermediate increments in the maize-soybean sequence, and had the lowest increments in the wheat/soybean-maize-soybean sequence. Under fallow, both rotations outperformed the plant carbon inputs of soybean mono-cropping. Management intensification, only evaluated for rotations, increased plant carbon inputs and soil carbon accumulation in a synergistic interaction with cover crop. Our results indicate that increasing carbon inputs through crop rotation, cover cropping and better agronomic technology is an opportunity to revert the long trend of soil carbon deficit of these agricultural lands.

Soybean dependence on biotic pollination decreases with latitude Leme Da Cunha, Nicolay; Chacoff, Natacha Paola; Sáez, Agustín; Schmucki, Reto; Galetto, Leonardo; Devoto, Mariano; Carrasco, Julieta; Mazzei, Mariana Paola; Castillo, Silvio Eugenio; Palacios, Tania Paula; Vesprini, Jose Luis; Agostini, Kayna; Saraiva, Antônio Mauro; Woodcock, Ben Alex; Ollerton, Jeff; Aizen, Marcelo Adrian Identifying large-scale patterns of variation in pollinator dependence (PD) in crops is important from both basic and applied perspectives. Evidence from wild plants indicates that this variation can be structured latitudinally. Individuals from populations at high latitudes may be more selfed and less dependent on pollinators due to higher environmental instability and overall lower temperatures, environmental conditions that may affect pollinator availability. However, whether this pattern is similarly present in crops remains unknown. Soybean (Glycine max), one of the most important crops globally, is partially self-pollinated and autogamous, exhibiting large variation in the extent of PD (from a 0 to ∼50% decrease in yield in the absence of animal pollination). We examined latitudinal variation in soybean's PD using data from 28 independent studies distributed along a wide latitudinal gradient (4–43 degrees). We estimated PD by comparing yields between open-pollinated and pollinator-excluded plants. In the absence of pollinators, soybean yield was found to decrease by an average of ∼30%. However, PD decreases abruptly at high latitudes, suggesting a relative increase in autogamous seed production. Pollinator supplementation does not seem to increase seed production at any latitude. We propose that latitudinal variation in PD in soybean may be driven by temperature and photoperiod affecting the expression of cleistogamy and androsterility. Therefore, an adaptive mating response to an unpredictable pollinator environment apparently common in wild plants can also be imprinted in highly domesticated and genetically-modified crops.

Evaluation of DNA integrity and chromatin condensation in cat sperm collected by urethral catheterization and epididymis slicing Allera, Cecilia; Gallelli, Maria Florencia; Neild, Debora Margarita; Carretero, Maria Ignacia The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the original sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assay and the toluidine blue (TB) stain to assess DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation, respectively, in cat sperm obtained by urethral catheterization (CT) and epididymis slicing (EP). CT and EP samples were collected from the same cat, and sperm motility, concentration, morphology, DNA integrity and chromatin condensation were evaluated. As controls, aliquots of the samples were incubated with 0.3 M NaOH and with 1% of dithiothreitol (DTT) to promote DNA fragmentation and chromatin decondensation, respectively. With SCD, four DNA dispersion halo patterns were observed: large, medium, small and no halo. TB staining patterns were as follows: light blue (condensed chromatin), light violet (moderate chromatin decondensation) and dark blue-violet (high chromatin decondensation). Sperm incubations with NaOH and with DTT were effective in inducing DNA fragmentation and chromatin decondensation, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the percentages of the SCD and TB patterns between samples (CT and EP) and no correlation was observed between sperm head abnormalities and the different SCD and TB patterns. The original SCD technique and the TB stain were adapted to evaluate DNA integrity and chromatin condensation in cat sperm obtained by CT and EP.

El paso a la coeducación en el Gymnasium de Tucumán (Argentina), último colegio universitario argentino con educación diferenciada de varones (2017); The move to coeducation at the Gymnasium in Tucumán (Argentina), the last Argentine university college with single-sex education for boys (2017) Kopelovich, Pablo En julio de 2017, ante la intención de una familia de inscribir a su hija en el Colegio“Gymnasium” de Tucumán (Argentina), escuela media dependiente de la UniversidadNacional de Tucumán, la prensa comenzó a difundir y dar su opinión sobre una seriede disputas entre la comunidad educativa de ese establecimiento en torno a quedeje de ser exclusivamente para varones. El objetivo del artículo es analizar esasdiscusiones generadas y reproducidas por los medios de comunicación digitales,dando cuenta de las posturas de alumnos, padres/madres, docentes, egresados ydirectivos. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa y el análisis de documentos comotécnica de investigación, para analizar un caso. Adoptamos una perspectiva crítica degénero, y consideramos a la prensa como actor social y político. Hallamos entre losintegrantes de la comunidad educativa del colegio en cuestión, y los/as periodistas quecubrieron el acontecimiento, posturas a favor y en contra del cambio desde una educación diferenciada de varones hacia una “educación mixta” o “coeducación”. Entrelas posturas que están en contra del cambio (para mantener un espacio homosocial)encontramos argumentos relativos a mantener la tradición de la institución y la libertadde elección, y considerar la supuesta esencia de los varones, universalizando a loshombres y las mujeres. También se destaca la generación de lazos de fraternidad, enun marco de heteronormatividad. Entre las posiciones a favor del cambio se pretendela no discriminación de las alumnas, buscando superar postulados educativos quese entienden como desiguales y anticuados (desconociendo en parte la vigencia de este modo en distintas latitudes). Concluimos que en ambas posturas se adhiere albinarismo de género, no considerando otras identidades posibles.; In July 2017, given the intention of a family to enroll their daughter in the “Gymnasium” College of Tucumán (Argentina), a secondary school dependent on the National University of Tucumán, the press began to spread and give their opinion on a series of disputes between the educational community of that establishment around the fact that it ceases to be exclusively for boys. The objective of the article is to analyze these discussions generated and reproduced by the digital media, accounting for the positions of students, parents, teachers, graduates and managers. A qualitative methodology and document analysis are used as a research technique to analyze a case. We adopt a critical gender perspective, and we consider the press as a social and political actor. We found among the members of the educational community of the school in question, and the journalists who covered the event, positions for and against the change from a differentiated education for boys towards a “mixed education” or “coeducation”. Among the positions that are against change (to maintain a homosocial space) we find arguments related to maintaining the tradition of the institution and freedom of choice, and considering the supposed essence of men, universalizing men and women. The generation of bonds of fraternity is also highlighted, in a framework of heteronormativity. Among the positions in favor of change, the non-discrimination of female students is intended, seeking to overcome educational postulates that are understood as unequal and outdated (partly ignoring the validity of this mode in different latitudes). We conclude that in both positions it adheres to the gender binarism, not considering other possible identities.

Análisis de las modalidades didácticas en arquitectura: sobre el taller, la formación y el saber proyectual; Analysis of didactic modalities in architecture: about the workshop, training and project knowing Rodríguez, Lucas Gastón; Fiscarelli, Diego Martín La docencia de la arquitectura demanda procesos complejos, tanto en su enseñanza como su aprendizaje. En tal sentido, este artículo propone analizar sus modalidades y métodos didácticos, indagando respecto de su pertinencia para la formación integral que supone el conocimiento proyectual. En consecuencia, se describen las características de la formación integral en arquitectura, el saber proyectual, la modalidad pedagógica de taller y los dispositivos didácticos de enchinchada y correcciones de proyecto. Se analizan las prácticas docentes en arquitectura, a partir de los métodos y estrategias pedagógicas clasificadas por las ciencias de la educación. Se expresan revisiones respecto del taller, las enchinchadas y las correcciones de proyecto. Y se concluye que la formación para el saber proyectual integra lo analítico, lo creativo y lo comunicativo.; Architecture teaching demands complex processes, both in its teaching and its learning. In this sense, the paper proposes to analyse its modalities and didactic methods, inquiring about its relevance for the integral formation that project knowledge requires. Consequently, we describe the characteristics of comprehensive training in architecture, project knowledge, workshop pedagogical modality and didactic devices of "taped up" and project corrections. We analyse architecture teaching practices, based on pedagogical methods and strategies for educational sciences. We express revisions regarding the workshop, the "taped up" and the project corrections. And we conclude that the training for project knowledge integrates the analytical, the creative and the communicative.

Dinámica de la población y del empleo en el NEA: ¿Nuevos escenarios para la región?; Population and employment dynamics in the Argentine Northeast: New scenarios for the region?; Dinâmica da população e emprego no Nordeste Argentino: ¿Novos cenários para a região? Schweitzer, Mariana Más allá de las desfavorables condiciones de vida, en el Nordeste Argentino se pueden identificar situaciones que podrían dar cuenta de procesos que ameritan ser observados, referidos a la dinámica de las actividades económicas, que han registrado un desempeño por encima del conjunto nacional. A partir de identificar las dinámicas positivas en referencia a empleadores y al empleo, se analizan las variaciones demográficas, y las condiciones para la consolidación de las actividades y para la reproducción social, considerando las complejidades de los servicios y de los equipamientos en los aglomerados urbanos. El análisis de estas dinámicas es multiescalar, dado que se realiza para el Nordeste Argentino respecto a los valores registrados para el conjunto del país, así como particularizando en las provincias y en las áreas económicas locales que integran la región. Se concluye con una mirada en sobresalientes núcleos urbanos para luego reflexionar sobre posibles tendencias de la región.; Beyond the unfavourable living conditions, situations can be identified in the Argentine Northeast, that could account for processes that merit observation, referring to the dynamics of economic activities, which have performed above the national average. Starting with the identification of positive dynamics, in terms of employers and employment, demographic variations are analysed, as well as the conditions for the consolidation of activities and for social reproduction, considering the complexities of services and facilities in urban agglomerates. The analysis of these dynamics is multi-scale, given that it is carried out for the Argentine Northeast with respect to the values recorded for the country as a whole, as well as particularizing in the provinces and local economic areas that make up the region. It concludes with a look at outstanding urban centres and then reflects on possible trends in the region.; Além das condições de vida desfavoráveis, no Nordeste Argentino identificam-se situações que poderiam dar conta de processos que merecem observação, referentes à dinâmica das atividades econômicas, que têm registrado desempenho superior à conjuntura nacional. A partir da identificação de dinâmicas positivas em relação ao emprego e aos empregadores, analisam-se as variações demográficas, as condições de consolidação das atividades e de reprodução social, considerando as complexidades de serviços e equipamentos nas aglomerações urbanas. A análise destas dinâmicas é multiescalar, uma vez que é realizada para o Nordeste Argentino no que diz respeito aos valores registados para o conjunto nacional, bem como particularizar nas províncias/estados e nas áreas económicas locais que compõem toda a região. Conclui-se com um olhar sobre os centros urbanos de destaque para, em seguida, refletir sobre possíveis tendências na região.

Key role of PIN1 in telomere maintenance and oncogenic behavior in a human glioblastoma model Maggio, Julian; Cardama, Georgina Alexandra; Armando, Romina Gabriela; Balcone, Lara; Sobol, Natasha Tatiana; Gomez, Daniel Eduardo; Mengual Gómez, Diego Luis PIN1 is the only known enzyme capable of recognizing and isomerizing the phosphorylated Serine/Threonine-Proline motif. Through this mechanism, PIN1 controls diverse cellular functions, including telomere maintenance. Both PIN1 overexpression and its involvement in oncogenic pathways are involved in several cancer types, including glioblastoma (GBM), a lethal disease with poor therapeutic resources. However, knowledge of the role of PIN1 in GBM is limited. Thus, the present work aimed to study the role of PIN1 as a telomere/telomerase regulator and its contribution to tumor biology. PIN1 knockout (KO) LN-229 cell variant using CRISPR/Cas9 was developed and compared with PIN1 LN-229 expressing cells. To study the effect of PIN1 absence, status of NF-κB pathway was evaluated by luciferase reporter gene assay and quantitative PCR. Results revealed that PIN1 deletion in GBM cells diminished the active levels of NF-κB and decrease the transcription of il-8 and htert genes. Then, telomere/telomerase related processes were studied by RQ-TRAP assay and telomere length determination by qPCR, obtaining a reduction both in telomerase activity as in telomere length in PIN1 KO cells. In addition, measurement of SA β-galactosidase and caspase-3 activities revealed that loss of PIN1 triggers senescence and apoptosis. Finally, migration, cell cycle progression and tumorigenicity were studied by flow cytometry/western blot, Transwell assay and in vivo experiments, respectively. PIN1 deletion decreased migration as well as cell cycle progression by increasing doubling time and also resulted in the loss of LN-229 cell ability to form tumors in mice. These results highlight the role of PIN1 in telomere homeostasis and GBM progression, which supports PIN1 as a potential molecular target for the development of novel therapeutic agents for GBM treatment.

León Rozitchner y el problema del sujeto: Una lectura filosófico-política de Freud; León Rozitchner and the Problem of the Subject: A Philosophical-Political Reading of Freud Yagüe, Pedro Guillermo Ya desde sus primeras publicaciones, la pregunta por la constitución histórica del sujeto se presenta como un eje central en la filosofía del argentino León Rozitchner (1924-2011). El presente artículo analiza el modo en que Rozitchner, a partir de esta problemática, realiza un camino que va desde la fenomenología hacia el psicoanálisis, dando así lugar a una lectura filosófico-política de Freud. En la primera parte, recomponemos las continuidades y rupturas teóricas que lo conducen de Merleau-Ponty hacia Freud. Una vez realizado esto, analizamos el modo en que, a partir de su lectura de Freud, Rozitchner advierte la existencia de dos distancias (una interna, otra externa) en la constitución histórica del sujeto. A modo de conclusión, señalamos la relevancia teórica y política de la filosofía de Rozitchner y algunos de los logros y límites de su lectura de Freud.; Since his first publications, the question of the historical constitution of the subject has been a central axis in the philosophy of the Argentinean thinker León Rozitchner (1924-2011). This paper analyzes how Rozitchner, through this issue, follows a path that goes from phenomenology to psychoanalysis, thus giving rise to a philosophical-political reading of Freud. In the first part, we reconstruct the theoretical continuities and ruptures that led him from Merleau-Ponty to Freud. Once this is done, we analyze the way in which, from his reading of Freud, Rozitchner notices the existence of two distances (one internal, the other external) in the historical constitution of the subject. By way of conclusion we point out the theoretical and political relevance of Rozitchner’s philosophy and some of the achievements and limits of his reading of Freud.

La presencia económica de China en Sudamérica: implicaciones para las dinámicas de cooperación intrarregional; China's Economic Presence in South America: Implications for the Dynamics of Intraregional Cooperation González Jáuregui, María Juliana; Tussie, Diana Alicia En este artículo se analiza la presencia económica china en Sudamérica en el marco de la Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta (IFyR) y más allá de ella, así como las implicaciones para las dinámicas de cooperación intrarregional, en un contexto de disputa estratégica entre China y Estados Unidos. Con un abordaje teórico-metodológico de la Economía Política Internacional, se busca comprender los procesos de cambio estructural y sus constricciones y/o posibilidades para los actores sociales. Se identifican los actores más relevantes y las interacciones entre los niveles doméstico, subregional y global de análisis. Se realiza un estudio de caso específico. En particular, se analiza cómo evolucionó la presencia de múltiples actores chinos en la subregión mediante proyectos digitales, energéticos y de logística y transporte, antes y luego de la invitación a América Latina a ser parte de la IFyR. Se explica cómo la presencia china se materializa a partir de la “creación de geografía”. El análisis incluye las reacciones de Estados Unidos y las implicaciones de estas pujas para las dinámicas intrarregionales en Sudamérica. En las conclusiones se reflexiona acerca de cómo la presencia china modifica intereses y preferencias, e influye en los planos doméstico y global, y de qué manera contribuye a reconfigurar las dinámicas de cooperación sudamericana.; This article analyzes the Chinese economic presence in South America within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and beyond it, and the implications for the dynamics of intraregional cooperation, in a context of strategic dispute between China and United States. From a theoretical-methodological approach of International Political Economy, we seek to understand the processes of structural change and the consequent constraints and/or possibilities for social actors. We identify the most relevant actors and the interactions between the domestic, subregional and global levels of analysis. We carry out a specific case study, in particular, we analyze how the presence of multiple Chinese actors in the subregion evolved through digital, energy, and logistics and transportation projects, before and after the invitation to Latin America to be part of the BRI. We explain how the Chinese presence materializes through the "creation of geography". The analysis includes the reactions of the United States and the implications of these responses for intra-regional dynamics in South America. In the conclusions, we offer reflections on how the Chinese presence modifies interests and preferences, and influences the domestic and global levels, and how it contributes to reconfigure the dynamics of South American cooperation.

Influence of Experimental Warming on the Rate and Duration of Fruit Growth and Oil Accumulation in Young Olive Trees (cvs. Arbequina, Coratina) Miserere, Andrea; Searles, Peter Stoughton; Rousseaux, Maria Cecilia Olive tree cultivation in new warmer areas and climate change have increased the global interest in understanding how air temperature affects both fruit growth and oil accumulation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the rate and duration of fruit growth and oil accumulation in response to experimental warming (+3) in a semiarid region of Argentina; and assess how warming affected fatty acid composition. Young, potted olive trees (cvs. Arbequina, Coratina) were warmed (T+) or maintained near ambient temperature (T0) inside open top chambers in the field during oil accumulation in 2014–2015 or 2015–2016 using different trees in each season. Warming reduced the rate of both fruit growth and oil accumulation in T+ compared to T0 in both cultivars. These rate reductions under T+ led to large decreases in final fruit dry weight and oil concentration. In contrast, the durations (i.e., days) of fruit growth and oil accumulation were most often not affected. Cultivar x temperature interactions were observed in 2014–2015 with warming decreasing oleic acid and increasing linoleic acid in cv. Arbequina, while cv. Coratina showed no response to warming. However, no interactions were found in 2015–2016. Studying how fruit growth and oil accumulation respond to adaptation strategies against increasing air temperatures should be a priority in both young and mature olive trees of numerous cultivars given crop expansion to new regions and future climate scenarios.

Los disturbios del género: Experiencia y escritura en La rosa muerta y Mi vida junto a Enrique Gómez Carrillo de Aurora Cáceres; Gender Disturbances: Experience and Writing in La rosa muerta and Mi vida junto a Enrique Gómez Carrillo by Aurora Caceres; Distúrbios do gênero: Experiência e escrita em La rosa muerta e Mi vida junto a Enrique Gómez Carrillo de Aurora Cáceres Vicens, María Aunque separadas por más de una década, La rosa muerta (1914) y Mi vida junto a Enrique Gómez Carrillo (1929), de Aurora Cáceres, establecen un diálogo diferido en tiempo y espacio. Este diálogo tiene como eje central los diversos modos que Cáceres encontró para narrar su intimidad en un mundo en proceso de modernización, y de nuevas pautas y roles sexoafectivos, como el de las primeras décadas del siglo xx. Qué contar y cómo contarlo devienen en este contexto dos problemas fundamentales a partir de los cuales la autora explorará múltiples formas de entrecruzar la literatura con su propia vida, modelando en este proceso relatos que indagan en la sexualidad y el deseo femeninos, denuncian los códigos morales que someten a las mujeres y recuperan el valor de la experiencia para conjurar a la muerte.; Separated by more than a decade, La rosa muerta (1914) and Mi vida junto a Enrique Gómez Carrillo (1929) establish nevertheless a delayed dialogue in time and space. This dialogue has as its central axis the various modes that Cáceres found to narrate her intimacy in a world that was going through a profound modernization process, which included new sexual-affective roles, like that one of the first decades of the 20th century. What to tell and how to tell it become in this context two fundamental problems from which the author will explore multiple ways of intertwining her writings with her own life, modeling in this process stories that investigate female sexuality and desire, denounce the moral codes that subdue women and recover the value of experience to ward off death.; Separados por mais de uma década, La rosa muerta (1914) e Mi vida junto a Enrique Gómez Carrillo (1929), de Aurora Cáceres, estabelecem, no entanto, um diálogo retardado no tempo e no espaço. Este diálogo tem como eixo central os diversos modos que uma escritora como Cáceres encontrou para narrar sua intimidade em um mundo em processo de modernização, e novas pautas e papéis afetivo-sexuais, como os das primeiras décadas do século xx. O que contar e como contar tornam-se neste contexto dois problemas fundamentais a partir dos quais a autora irá explorar múltiplas formas de entrelaçar a literatura com a sua própria vida, modelando neste processo histórias que investigam a sexualidade e o desejo feminino, denunciam os códigos morais que subjugam as mulheres e recuperam o valor da experiência para afastar a morte.

4-Methylumbelliferone enhances the effects of chemotherapy on both temozolomide-sensitive and resistant glioblastoma cells Pibuel, Matías Arturo; Poodts, Daniela; Sias, Sofía A.; Byrne, Agustín; Hajos, Silvia Elvira; Franco, Paula Gabriela; Lompardía, Silvina Laura Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent malignant primary tumor of the CNS in adults, with a median survival of 14.6 months after diagnosis. The effectiveness of GBM therapies remains poor, highlighting the need for new therapeutic alternatives. In this work, we evaluated the effect of 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), a coumarin derivative without adverse effects reported, in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) or vincristine (VCR) on U251, LN229, U251-TMZ resistant (U251-R) and LN229-TMZ resistant (LN229-R) human GBM cells. We determined cell proliferation by BrdU incorporation, migration through wound healing assay, metabolic and MMP activity by XTT and zymography assays, respectively, and cell death by PI staining and flow cytometry. 4MU sensitizes GBM cell lines to the effect of TMZ and VCR and inhibits metabolic activity and cell proliferation on U251-R cells. Interestingly, the lowest doses of TMZ enhance U251-R and LN229-R cell proliferation, while 4MU reverts this and even sensitizes both cell lines to TMZ and VCR effects. We showed a marked antitumor effect of 4MU on GBM cells alone and in combination with chemotherapy and proved, for the first time, the effect of 4MU on TMZ-resistant models, demonstrating that 4MU would be a potential therapeutic alternative for improving GBM therapy even on TMZ-refractory patients.

Impactos sobre el mercado de trabajo y desigualdad en el contexto argentino reciente Carmona, Rodrigo Reynaldo Los últimos índices de inflación, pobreza y desempleo en Argentina muestran un cuadro singular. En un marco de mejora de la economía en el último período se viene consolidando el fenómeno de los “trabajadores pobres”, con la particularidad de un gobierno peronista en ejercicio. Precisamente, esta última conceptualización ha venido adquiriendo relevancia a escala internacional ante los cambios desplegados en los mercados de trabajo, el aumento de los niveles de desigualdad y las modificaciones en los regímenes de bienestar en las últimas décadas.

Philosophy and Emancipation: Fichte’s Spirit in Alberdi’s Letter Sole, Maria Jimena In 1837, Juan Bautista Alberdi (1810-1884), one of the most important Argentine thinkers of his generation, inaugurated the reception of Fichte in our territory, by mentioning him in a note at the end of his Preliminary Fragment to the study of Law and again, a few years later, in a brief programmatic writing entitled “Ideas to preside over the preparation of the course of Contemporary Philosophy…”. I will argue that despite the geographical distance and cultural differences that set them apart, it is possible to find a deep affinity between Fichte’s and Alberdi’s positions and thoughts. From a shared adherence to a philosophy of history based on the idea of progress, both of them made freedom the central theme of their meditations and attributed to philosophy an emancipating role. Their doctrines are born in intimate connection with the revolutions of which they consider themselves sons and heirs, and they each assume the task of contributing to national emancipation. Thus, concentrating on some passages of the two works in which Alberdi mentions Fichte and on other writings produced around the same time, my goal is to find Fichte’s spirit in the letter of the young Argentinean thinker.

El enigma de Camioneros: Identificación sindical y acción política en Argentina desde los años 90 hasta la actualidad Aldao, Joaquin Alberto El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la dinámica identitaria de camioneros desde fines del siglo XX hasta la actualidad ampliando los factores explicativos del poder sindical del colectivo más allá del éxito en sus estrategias de adaptación organizativa, el aprovechamiento de las oportunidades políticas y su poder estructural en la economía. Para ello se hará foco en la expansión de la identidad político-sindical, la recurrente y sostenida estrategia de protagonismo en nuevos nucleamientos sindicales y multisectoriales, así como en las pretensiones de restablecer la influencia del sindicalismo en la política. La consideración cualitativa de fuentes secundarias, junto a entrevistas a exdelegados, militantes y dirigentes del gremio, dan sustento al presente artículo.; The objective of this work is to analyze the identity dynamics of truckers from the end of the 20th century to the present, expanding the explanatory factors of the collective’s union power beyond the success of their organizational adaptation strategies, the use of political opportunities and their structural power in the economy. To this end, the focus will be on the expansion of the political-union identity, the recurring and sustained strategy of prominence in new union and multi-sector nucleation, as well as the claims to restore the influence of unionism in politics. The qualitative consideration of secondary sources, together with interviews with former delegates, militants and union leaders, support this article.

Applied of actinobacteria consortia-based bioremediation to restore co-contaminated systems Antezana, Pablo Edmundo; Colin, Veronica Leticia; Bourguignon, Natalia; Benimeli, Claudia Susana; Fuentes, María Soledad Global industrialization and natural resources extraction have left cocktails of environmental pollutants. Thus, this work focuses on developing a defined actinobacteria consortium able to restore systems co-contaminated with pollutants occurring in Argentinian environments. In this context, five actinobacteria were tested in solid medium to evaluate antagonistic interactions and tolerance against lindane (LIN), Reactive Black B–V (RBV), phenanthrene (Ph) and Cr(VI). The strains showed absence of antagonism, and most of them tolerated the presence of individual pollutants and their mixtures, except Micromonospora sp. A10. Thus, a quadruple consortium constituted by Streptomyces sp. A5, M7, MC1, and Amycolatopsis tucumanensis DSM 45259T, was tested in liquid systems with individual contaminants. The best microbial growth was observed in the presence of RBV and the lowest on Cr(VI). Removals detected were 83.3%, 65.0% and 52.4% for Ph, RBV and LIN, respectively, with absence of Cr(VI) dissipation. Consequently, the consortium performance was tested against the organic mixture, and a microbial growth similar to the biotic control and a LIN removal increase (61.2%) were observed. Moreover, the four actinobacteria of the consortium survived the mixture bioremediation process. These results demonstrate the potential of the defined actinobacteria consortium as a tool to restore environments co-contaminated with organic pollutants.

Necesidades básicas insatisfechas según tipos de hogares: Argentina (2001-2010): Análisis provincial y departamental; Unsatisfied basic needs according to household types: Argentina (2001-2010): Provincial and departmental analysis; Necessidades básicas insatisfeitas segundo os tipos de moradias: Argentina (2001-2010): Análise provincial e departamental Manzano, Fernando; Velázquez, Guillermo Ángel En Argentina, tras la crisis de 2001, se produjo un elevado crecimiento económico, que se tradujo entre otras mejoras, en una disminución significativa de la proporción de hogares pobres en el periodo intercensal 2001-2010 –relevado mediante el indicador de necesidades básicas insatisfechas (NBI)–. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la incidencia de las NBI sobre diferentes tipos de hogares –se utiliza la variable “tipos de hogar”, compuesta por trece tipos de hogares–, así como también respecto a los cambios en la participación relativa de cada tipo de hogar durante el abrupto descenso del NBI producido entre los años censales 2001 y 2010. Para dar cuenta de la desigualdad espacial en la concentración de los hogares y la pobreza en el territorio, se desagrega las variables a escala provincial y según partidos/departamentos/comunas. Los resultados alcanzados dan cuenta de la relevancia de considerar los cambios en la conformación de los tipos de hogares en el análisis de la incidencia de la pobreza.; In Argentina, after the 2001 crisis, there was high economic growth, which resulted, among other improvements, in a significant decrease in the proportion of poor households in the 2001-2010 intercensal period - measured by the indicator of unsatisfied basic needs (UBN). The aim of this paper is to analyze the incidence of UBN on different types of households - using the variable “household types”, composed of thirteen household types - as well as the changes in the relative share of each household type during the sharp decline in UBN between the 2001 and 2010 census years. To account for spatial inequality in the concentration of households and poverty in the territory, the variables are disaggregated at the provincial level and by districts/departments/communes. The results obtained show the importance of considering changes in the composition of household types in the analysis of the incidence of poverty.; Na Argentina, após a crise de 2001, houve alto crescimento econômico, o que resultou, entre outras melhorias, em uma redução significativa na proporção de moradias pobres no período intercensitário 2001-2010 –revelado pelo indicador de necessidades básicas insatisfeitas (NBI) –. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a incidência de NBI em diferentes tipos de moradias -utiliza-se a variável “tipos de moradias”, composta por treze tipos-, bem como as mudanças na participação relativa de cada tipo do agregado familiar durante a queda abrupta das NBI produzida entre os anos censitários de 2001 e 2010. Para dar conta da desigualdade espacial na concentração dos agregados familiares e pobreza no território, as variáveis são desagregadas ao nível provincial e segundo partidos/departamentos / comunas. Os resultados alcançados mostram a relevância de considerar as mudanças na conformação dos tipos de moradias na análise da incidência da pobreza.