Row spacing and phosphorus use efficiency in no-tillage maize Barbieri, Pablo Andres; Echeverria, Hernan; Sainz Rozas, Hernan René; Andrade, Fernando Héctor Reduced row spacing has shown to increase maize (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) use efficiency, but little is known about it effects on phosphorous (P) use efficiency (PUE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the PUE of maize under reduced row spacing and varying N regimes. No till maize was grown in Balcarce, Argentina, during two growing seasons using three rows spacing (35, 52, and 70 cm) and three N rates (0, 90, and 180 kg N ha−1). Shoot dry matter (DM), grain yield, and accumulated P content were determined. At V6 and R6 growth stages, the P use efficiency (PUE = g aboveground DM or grain yield per g P available) and it components P utilization efficiency (PUTE = g aboveground DM or grain yield per g P uptake), and P uptake efficiency (PUPE = g P uptake/g P available) were determined. N rate and narrower rows increased total DM, grain yield, and accumulated P content. Phosphorous concentration, PUTE, PUPE and PUE were not affected by row spacing or N rate. The present study showed that row spacing did not affect P use efficiency in no till maize when the soil P availability was adequate.

Lenguajes del exceso en la nouvelle phénoménologie française: JeanLuc Marion y Claude Romano; Languages of excess in the nouvelle phénoménologie française: JeanLuc Marion and Claude Romano Pizzi, Matías Ignacio El presente trabajo analiza el problema del lenguaje en dos pensadores de la nouvelle phénoménologie francesa: Jean-Luc Marion y Claude Romano. Proponemos agrupar estas consideraciones bajo la noción de “lenguajes del exceso”. En relación a Marion, reuniremos sus diversas formulaciones sobre este tema bajo la idea de lo que denominaremos “lenguaje de la saturación”. El elemento central aquí será su recepción del neoplatonismo cristiano (Dionisio Areopagita y Nicolás de Cusa), la cual le permite formular un lenguaje para nombrar los fenómenos saturados. En cuanto a Claude Romano, aunque ajeno a la tradición del neoplatonismo cristiano, sostendremos que su propuesta fenomenológico-hermenéutica está al servicio de la búsqueda de un lenguaje que pueda denominar el acontecimiento. En ambos casos, los autores pretenden describir fenómenos que exceden el ámbito de los objetos.; This paper aims to analyze the problem of language in two thinkers of the French nouvelle phénoménologie: Jean-Luc Marion and Claude Romano. We try to show that the novelty of this tradition consists in showing that the language of phenomenology can be explored from a non-predicative dimension. For this, we propose to group these proposals under the notion of “languages of excess”. In relation to Marion, we will group his various formulations on this subject under the idea of what we will call “language of saturation”. The central element here will be his reception of Christian Neoplatonism (Dionysus the Areopagite and Nicholas of Cusa), which allows him to formulate a language to name saturated phenomena. As for Claude Romano, although outside the tradition of Christian Neoplatonism, we will maintain that his phenomenological-hermeneutic proposal is at the service of the search for a language that can name the event. In both cases, they intend to describe phenomena that exceed the scope of objects.

Variable retention harvesting and climate variations influence over natural regeneration dynamics in Nothofagus pumilio forests of Southern Patagonia Rodriguez Souilla, Julian; Cellini, Juan Manuel; Lencinas, María Vanessa; Roig, Fidel A.; Chaves, Jimena Elizabeth; Aravena Acuña, Marie Claire Alejandra; Peri, Pablo Luis; Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José Natural regeneration is a key process to sustain structure, function, and composition in harvested forests over time. Variable retention harvesting system is a strategy that maintains a high level of heterogeneity in managed stands for multiple ecosystem services, which provides different micro-environmental conditions for natural regeneration that respond differently according to climate variations. The objective was to determine the influence of remnant over story on the dynamics of Nothofagus pumilio natural regeneration in forests managed under variable retention in the medium term (0 to 16 years-after-harvesting, YAH) and its interaction with climate variables. Recruitment period, survival, seedling bank of pre- and post-harvesting periods, regeneration age and heights were determined at permanent plots under three different harvested forest conditions (1: AR = aggregated retention, 2: DRI = dispersed retention under the influence of AR, 3: DR = dispersed retention without influence of AR) and one primary forests (PF) as a control (4 treatments × 6 replicates × 3 areas × 16 YAH). Height growth rates were associated to combined occurrence of hemispheric modes (ENSO and SAM) that influence over climate variations. Results showed different regeneration dynamics according to remnant forest over story: (i) a recruitment stage occurred during the first 4 YAH; (ii) 67,000 and 33,000 individuals ha- 1 for DRI and DR established respectively, with 15,000 individuals ha- 1 higher than 130 cm height at 16 YAH; (iii) equal density proportion of pre- and post-harvesting saplings between treatments (DRI and DR); (iv) significant differences in regeneration heights among treatments from 3 to 16 YAH, which were higher at DRI and DR, reaching to 130 cm height at 16 ± 1 years of age. Saplings height growth reacted favourably to higher mean temperatures associated with positive SAM and ENSO. These results reflect a successful and resilient natural regeneration process for N. pumilio where variable retention system to obtain timber products is below the thresholds of no-return, reacting differently according to climatic drivers by the presence of different structures of remnant over story. This provides useful information for forest management practices in the medium term, where the maintenance of stand heterogeneity (e.g., different types of over story retention) ensures successful and resilient regeneration to recover the stand original structure within a context of climate change.

Bioactivity of plant extracts against Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers by ingestion Vidal Teixeira, Flávia; Souza,Talytha R. de Melo; Castellani, María A.; Camargo, Roberto da Silva; Forti, Luiz C.; Paula, Vanderlucia F. de; Silva, Aline; de Matos, Carlos Alberto O.; Nipato, Óscar B.; Moreira, Aldenise Alves; Sabattini, Julian Alberto The leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens stands out as a pest of several crops of economic importance. The main control method for this species is the application of ant baits. However, one of the most used active ingredients in the ant baits, sulfluramid, was classified as an organic pollutant, highlighting the urgent need to seek new active ingredients with greater ecological and environmental safety. The present goal is to evaluate the bioactivity of botanical extracts in workers of the leaf-cutting ant A. sexdens by ingestion, aiming to select extracts with essential characteristics for use in toxic baits for the subsequent isolation of substances and prospection of insecticides. Insect survival in the first evaluation (24 h) was high in all treatments with extracts. Survival time varied between treatments, with mortality reaching maximum values between 10 and 20 days for most of the treatments. At 21 days, live ants were observed only in treatments T3 (M. maracasana-stem) and T4 (C. mastigophorus-bark), with survival of 10% and 3.3%, respectively, not significantly differing between them. The extracts of Metrodorea maracasana, Conchocarpus mastigophorus, Erythoxylum macrocalyx, and Erythoxylum plowmanii showed insecticidal activity against A. sexdens workers. The insecticidal activity of the species Erythoxylum macrocalyx, E. plowmanii, Metrodorea maracasana, and Conchocarpus mastigophorus against A. sexdens workers is shown for the first time. The studied extracts have potential for the fractionation and selection of substances responsible for insecticidal activity, allowing for the prospection of toxic baits.

Neosporosis in Argentina: Past, present and future perspectives Campero, Lucía María; Basso, Walter Ubaldo; Moré, Gastón Andrés; Fiorani, Franco; Hecker, Yanina Paola; Echaide, Ignacio Eduardo; Canton, German; Cirone, Karina Mariela; Campero, Carlos Manuel; Venturini, María Cecilia; Moore, Dadin Prando Neosporosis, caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, was first diagnosed in Argentinean cattle in the 90´s. With a national bovine stock of approximately 53 million head, the cattle industry is socially and economically relevant. Severe economic losses have been estimated at US$ 33 and 12 million annually in dairy and beef cattle, respectively. Approximately 9% of bovine abortions in the Buenos Aires province are caused by N. caninum. In 2001, the first isolation of N. caninum oocysts from feces of a naturally infected dog was performed in Argentina and named as NC-6 Argentina. Further strains were isolated from cattle (NC-Argentina LP1, NC-Argentina LP2) and axis deer (Axis axis, NC-Axis). Epidemiological studies revealed a high distribution of Neospora-infections not only in dairy but also in beef cattle, with seroprevalence rates of 16.6–88.8% and 0–73%, respectively. Several experimental infection studies in cattle have been carried out, as well as attempts to develop effective vaccines to avoid Neospora-abortions and transmission. However, no vaccine has proven successful for its use in daily practice. Reduction of seroprevalence, vertical transmission and Neospora-related abortions have been achieved in dairy farms by the use of selective breeding strategies and embryo transfer. Neospora-infections have been also detected in goats, sheep, deer, water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and gray foxes (Lycalopex griseus). Moreover, Neospora-related reproductive losses were reported in small ruminants and deer species and could be more frequent than previously thought. Even though diagnostic methods have been improved during the last decades, control of neosporosis is still not optimal. The development of new strategies including new antiprotozoal drugs and vaccines is highly needed. This paper reviews the information from the previous 28 years of research of N. caninum in Argentina, including seroprevalence and epidemiological studies, available diagnostic techniques, experimental reproduction, immunization strategies, isolations and control measures in domestic and non-domestic animals from Argentina.

Evolution of the Earth's magnetic field strength in northwestern Argentina during the last two millennia: Towards the improvement of south American geomagnetic paleosecular variation curve Goguitchaichvili, Avto; García Ruíz, Rafael; Greco Mainero, Mariano Catriel; Kravchinsky, Vadim; Pérez Rodríguez, Nayeli; Morales, Juan; Berkovich, Cesar A magnetic mineralogy and absolute geomagnetic intensity study was carried out on prehispanic ceramic fragments from the Southern Andes region (Northwest Argentina). Magnetic susceptibility vs. temperature curves and alternating field demagnetization treatments were applied to select the most suitable samples for the absolute archaeointensity experiments. A total of 66 samples were analyzed following the Thellier modified by Coe protocol, including cooling rate corrections and potential mitigation of the magnetic anisotropy effect. Thirty-eight samples (out of 66) belonging to nine pottery fragments yielded reliable absolute intensity determinations The new data, accompanied by associated radiocarbon ages, were integrated into previously published data in order to construct an improved paleosecular variation curve for South America. The highest quality data covers only the last 1000 years. The general variation patterns show good agreement with global geomagnetic prediction models. This updated regional curve may be used as the reference curve for archaeomagnetic dating in the major part of South America (Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Bolivia), even though caution should be paid for the areas and time periods poorly covered by data.

Performance of short-terms prediction methods of vertical total electron content using nonlinear autoregressive neuronal network and stochastic autoregressive model Natali, Maria Paula; Meza, Amalia Margarita In this contribution the performance of global short-term predictions methods of vertical total electron content (vTEC) is analyzed during high solar activity. Two kind of predicted global vTEC maps value every 1 h, one-day-ahead, are used. They are C1PG, produced by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), based on the extrapolation of Spherical Harmonic coefficient using Leastsquares collocation and the M1PG, proposed in this work, based on multi-step Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network (NAR-NN). Global vTEC maps from CODE (CODG) along the year 2015, are used as reference data. The results are obtained for quiet and disturbed conditions, based on geomagnetic and ionospheric planetary indexes. The performance of the forecasting approach is extensively tested under different geospatial conditions. The testing results are very similar in terms of RMSE, as it has been found to range between 1.7 and 7 TECu. RMSE depend on the latitude sectors and geomagnetic conditions, in terms of Mean Forecast Error (MFE) the C1PG shows a clear systematic behavior being negative at Southern Hemisphere and positive at Northern Hemisphere. According to the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values, the relative behavior of vTEC prediction is better for M1PG than for C1PG specially during quiet days and at mid-high latitudes. In general, both models are less accuracy in the equatorial ionization anomaly region and the Southern Hemisphere. Other important contribution of this manuscript is the definition of a planetary ionospheric disturbance index, W d , based on W-index. This parameter is useful to more complete definition in quiet and disturbed days selection, and it is shown that the dependence of the RMSE according to the latitudinal bands, it is strongly related with the respective value of W d .

Hacia una historia de la literatura argentina para niños: subjetividades lectoras, mediación y prácticas de enseñanza de lectura y escritura (literarias) en el programa teórico de textos fundacionales de la crítica; Towards a history of argentinian literature for children: reader’s subjectivities, mediation, and teaching practices of literary reading-and-writing in the theoretical program of foundational texts of the critic Rodríguez, Natalia Elizabeth Este artículo se propone una aproximación analítica en torno a textos fundacionales de la crítica sobre literatura argentina para niños (LAPN), al especificar el programa que inscriben, entre los noventa y principios de los 2000, orientando una historización de los vínculos entre la lectura, la escritura, lo literario infantil y su didáctica. Los principales aspectos teóricos remiten a la consideración de dichas textualidades como una producción discursiva que establece protocolos críticos expresados, en el nivel de lo discursivo-textual, a través de categorías y andamiajes conceptuales; del mismo modo, a la representación de posicionamientos en una coyuntura de trayectorias relacionales. Destacamos, asimismo, la metodología cualitativa ligada al análisis del discurso, puesto que tracciona el acceso a significados y sentidos materializados en la composición de las estructuras de conceptualización que constituyen los textos del corpus. Las conclusiones más relevantes refieren a la constatación de plataformas críticas que transversalizan temas y problemas asociados, fundamentalmente, a la palabra propia en la constitución de subjetividades lectoras; a la mediación en el ámbito escolar, los criterios de selección, las prácticas de enseñanza literaria. Esto convalida reciprocidades entre la teoría y la pedagogía, revelando enclaves tanto como desplazamientos y recolocaciones en torno a los mencionados tópicos, de los que se derivan procesos de reorganización y modernización de la LAPN.; This article discusses an analytical approach to foundational texts of the critic, related to Argentinian literature for children (LAPN for its initials in Spanish), by specifying the program that they establish in the last decade of the twentieth century, guiding a historicization of the connections between reading, writing, children’s literature and its didactics. The main aspects of the theory refer to these writings as a discourse production that establishes critical protocols stated through categories and conceptual frameworks, in the same fashion, to the representation of standpoints in coexistence of relational trajectories. We would also like to point out the qualitative methodology related to discourse analysis because it draws meanings and senses materialized in the composition of the conceptual structures that constitute its written corpus. The most relevant conclusions refer to the founding of critical platforms that horizontally go through themes and problems mostly associated to the word itself in the forming of reader’s subjectivities; mediation in the school setting, selection criteria, reading-and-writing teaching practices. This validates reciprocities between theory and pedagogy, revealing zones as well as displacements and relocations around the previously mentioned topics, out of which LAPN reorganization and updating processes take place.

Necesidades habitacionales multidimensionales consensuadas como fundamento de una política habitacional integral; A multidimensional approach to housing demands as the foundation of a comprehensive housing policy Romagnoli, Venettia La concepción histórica y hegemónica de “vivienda social pública” presenta íntima relación con la percepción del problema y su abordaje desde la política habitacional. El punto de partida de este trabajo es la concepción prevaleciente del “satisfactor” mediante el cual la política habitacional ha dado respuestas a las necesidades habitacionales. Esta concepción, que entiende la vivienda como un objeto físico acabado asociado a una parcela de suelo, producido de manera serial y estandarizada por empresas constructoras, para destinatarios anónimos que no participan del proceso y a quienes se les adjudican las viviendas en propiedad, se emplea como referencia para definir y cuantificar el problema e inducir las soluciones. Dicha noción se encuentra condicionada por los intereses de actores económicos y políticos que ponen en juego estrategias y recursos para incidir en los distintos momentos del proceso de construcción de la política habitacional. Este artículo se propone revisar los principales aportes teóricos en el campo del hábitat social y las políticas habitacionales, que desde un posicionamiento crítico al concepto de “vivienda social pública” han planteado discursos contrahegemónicos en virtud de avanzar hacia la construcción de un concepto de necesidades habitacionales multidimensionales básicas consensuadas desde un enfoque de equilibrio entre universalidad y particularidad.; The historical and hegemonic conception of “public social housing” is closely related to the perception of the problem and its approach from housing policy at alrge. The starting point of this article is the prevailing conception of the “satisfier” through which the housing policy has provided answers to housing needs. This conception, which understands housing as a finished physical object associated with a plot of land, produced serially and standardized by construction companies, for anonymous recipients who do not participate in the process and to whom the homes are awarded as property, is used as a reference, to define and quantify the problem and induce solutions. This notion is conditioned by the interests of economic and political actors who put into play strategies and resources to influence the different moments of the housing policy construction process. This article intends to review the main theoretical contributions in the field of social habitat and housing policies, which from a critical position on the concept of “public social housing”, have raised counter-hegemonic discourses by virtue of advancing towards the construction of a concept of needs basic multidimensional housing projects agreed from an approach of balance between universality and particularity

“Welcome to the Revolution”: Promoting Generational Renewal in Argentina’s Ni Una Menos Friedman, Elisabeth Jay; Rodríguez Gustá, Ana Laura Despite the global upsurge of youth-fueled mass mobilization, the critical question of why new generations may be eager to join established movements is under-explored theoretically and empirically. This study contributes to theories of feminist generational renewal in particular. We examine the longer-term movement context and more proximate strategies that have enabled young women to participate steadily in a cycle of protest, alongside more seasoned activists, due to a process of feminist learning and affective bonding that we call “productive mediation.” We focus on the Argentine Ni Una Menos (Not One Less) massive yearly march, which, since its onset in 2015, demonstrates that feminist activists have achieved the sought-after goal of fostering a highly diverse mass movement. These large-scale mobilizations against feminicide and gender-based violence gain much of their energy from a strong youth contingent, so much so that they have been called “the Daughters’ Revolution.” We show that these “daughters” have been welcomed by previous generations of feminist changemakers. Drawing on original qualitative research featuring 63 in-depth interviews with activists of different ages, backgrounds, and locations across Argentina, we find that long-standing movement spaces and brokers, as well as innovative frameworks of understanding, repertoires of action, and organizational approaches, help to explain why preexisting social movements may be attractive for young participants.

Global inequities in cesarean section deliveries and required resources persist Wu, Michaella L.; Nichols, Paulina M.; Cormick, Gabriela; Betran, Ana P.; Gibbons, Luz; Belizan, Jose Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the global distribution and financial cost associated with the inequities present in the use of cesarean sections (CS) worldwide. Study Design: We used the latest estimates on CS rates published by WHO and we adopted 10?15 % as the range of CS rates that are considered optimal for adequate use. We calculated the cost (in USD) to achieve CS rates of 10?15 % for countries that reported rates below 10 %. We also calculated the cost of CS rates in excess (>15 % and > 20 %) by estimating how much it would cost to reduce the rates to 10?15 % for each of those countries. Results: 137 countries are included in this analysis with updated data on CS rates between the years 2010 and 2018. Our analysis found that 36 countries reported CS rates < 10 %, whereas 91 countries reported CS rates > 15 % (a majority of which were > 20 %); only 10 countries reported CS rates between 10 and 15 %. The cost of CS exceeding a rate of 15 % is estimated to be $9,586,952,466 including inflation and exceeding 20 % is $7.169.248.033 (USD). The cost of achieving ?needed? CS among countries with CS rates < 10 % is $612,609,418 (USD). The cost of cesarean sections exceeding 15 % has increased by 313 % between 2008 and more recent years, accruing $7 billion (USD) more in surplus since 2008. The reallocation of CS funding would save the global economy $9 billion (USD). Conclusion: Global inequities in CS performed and associated costs have increased since 2008, resulting in a disproportionate number of resources allocated.

Cambio y continuidad en la estructura ocupacional de las regiones argentinas durante la modernización económica (1870-1940) Salas Arón, Emiliano En este artículo se presenta un análisis sobre el desarrollo del mercado laboral de las regiones de Argentina entre las décadas de 1870 y 1940. A propósito, se procesó la información de los censos de 1869, 1895, 1914 y 1947 en quince categorías laborales segmentadas por pertenencia sectorial y de calificación en la mano de obra. Los resultados preliminares marcan que Argentina se caracterizó en este periodo por tener una modernización atravesada por la exitosa integración y desarrollo de sus sectores económicos, pero también por mantener una buena cantidad de rasgos arcaicos, como la falta de oferta de profesionales especializados o la persistencia de empleos de alta rotación y poca demanda de destrezas.En el plano regional, la evidencia muestra una marcada heterogeneidad en la estructura laboral de las regiones, fuertemente interrelacionada con la divergencia productiva que existía entre ellas. En las provincias de más alto desarrollo económico, encontramos una disminución de la mano de obra en el ámbito rural y una fuerte expansión de sectores urbanos de mediana calificación, vinculados al comercio, la industria y la burocracia estatal. En las provincias periféricas, en cambio, la preeminencia de las labores de baja calificación, sobre todo en el ámbito rural, se mantuvo al menos hasta mediados del siglo XX.

El papel central de la secuenciación masiva y la correcta identificación de microorganismos en el desarrollo de bioinsumos agrícolas seguros; Central role of massive sequencing and accurate identification of microorganisms in the development of safe agricultural bioinputs Sauka, Diego Herman Los bioinsumos agrícolas, especialmente aquellos basados en microorganismos, se están volviendo más populares debido a su menor impacto ambiental y su capacidad para mejorar la calidad de los alimentos. Sin embargo, es crucial evaluar cuidadosamente la seguridad de los microorganismos utilizados. La secuenciación masiva del ADN desempeña un papel fundamental en la identificación precisa de los microorganismos y en la evaluación de sus características genéticas, incluyendo la presencia de factores de virulencia y resistencia a antibióticos. Para garantizar un equilibrio adecuado entre seguridad e innovación, es necesario fomentar la investigación en diversidad microbiana y mantener actualizadas las listas de especies permitidas. Las autoridades reguladoras desempeñan un papel importante al exigir estudios exhaustivos de seguridad antes de aprobar nuevos microorganismos para su uso en bioinsumos agrícolas. En resumen, los bioinsumos son una opción prometedora para una agricultura sostenible, pero se requiere una evaluación rigurosa y precisa de los microorganismos utilizados.

Phenology and reproductive biology of the southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) at Isla Pingüino (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina) Lera, Melisa; Barrionuevo, Melina; Morgenthaler, Annick; Millones, Ana; Frere, Esteban An essential trait in the life history of any animal species is reproduction, including parental care. In seabirds, these actions are well defined and stereotyped. Our study focused on analyzing the parental care behavior, reproductive success, and phenology of the southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) population of Isla Pingüino, Argentina, through the use of autonomous time-lapse cameras combined with marking of individuals. We compared our results to data obtained from traditional monitoring methods used in the same colony. The phenology of their breeding cycle was the same as in other colonies of the SW Atlantic region. Although parents shared their chick rearing duties, females invested more time in incubating the eggs, while males were more dedicated to chick guarding. Chicks were more frequently fed by females, and males contributed only during the crèche period. The effect of heat stress on chick survival was assessed, since uncommonly high air temperatures were reached during the study, causing unprecedented chick mass mortality. Temperatures of > 25° C were a lethal threshold for chicks; hence, the occurrence of several extremely hot days increased chick mortality. Our combined methodology was useful to evaluate phenology, parental investment, and the variables that affect reproductive success (for instance, weather conditions). We recommend its use in future comparative and long-term studies at remote rockhopper penguin colonies to help improve the quality of monitoring and detect potential threats of this vulnerable species.

Para una revolución cristiana: el joven diputado provincial Carlos Auyero (1963-1966); For a christian revolution: The young local representative Carlos Auyero (1963-1966) Ferrari, Marcela Patricia; Pattin, Sebastian Pedro Durante los años de inestabilidad política en Argentina y en un trienio democrático (1963-66), el joven diputado democristiano Carlos Auyero presentó proyectos en la legislatura de la provincia de Buenos Aires que propendían a la redistribución de la riqueza y reflejaban sus mundos sociales de pertenencia, además de las ideas en las que abrevaban. Este análisis recupera de qué manera su formación y sociabilidad católica, su educación formal laica y su participación inicial en el comité partidario de una sección del conurbano bonaerense, se conjugaron con las transformaciones internacionales en la Iglesia católica y los paradigmas ideológicos en crecimiento, entre ellos, el desarrollista y el revolucionario, en apropiaciones creativas durante los primeros años de su carrera política.; During the years of political instability in Argentina and in a democratic three-year period (1963-66), the young Christian Democrat representative Carlos Auyero submitted drafts in the legislature of the province of Buenos Aires that sought to redistribute wealth and reflected the social worlds to which he belonged, as well as the ideas on which they were based. This analysis recovers how his Catholic formation and sociability, his formal secular education, and his initial participation in the party committee of a section of the suburbs merged with the international transformations in the Catholic Church and the growing ideological paradigms, among them the developmentalist and revolutionary, to give an account of his creative appropriations during the first years of his political career.

The SIRAH force field: a suite for simulations of complex biological systems at the coarse-grained and multiscale levels Klein, Florencia; Soñora, Martín; Helene Santos, Lucianna; Frigini, Ezequiel Nazareno; Ballesteros-Casallas, Andrés; Rodrigo Machado, Matías; Pantano, Sergio The different combinations of molecular dynamics simulations with coarse-grained representations have acquired considerable popularity among the scientific community. Especially in biocomputing, the significant speedup granted by simplified molecular models opened the possibility of increasing the diversity and complexity of macromolecular systems, providing realistic insights on large assemblies for more extended time windows. However, a holistic view of biological ensembles' structural and dynamic features requires a self-consistent force field, namely, a set of equations and parameters that describe the intra and intermolecular interactions among moieties of diverse chemical nature (i.e., nucleic and amino acids, lipids, solvent, ions, etc.). Nevertheless, examples of such force fields are scarce in the literature at the fully atomistic and coarse-grained levels. Moreover, the number of force fields capable of handling simultaneously different scales is restricted to a handful. Among those, the SIRAH force field, developed in our group, furnishes a set of topologies and tools that facilitate the setting up and running of molecular dynamics simulations at the coarse-grained and multiscale levels. SIRAH uses the same classical pairwise Hamiltonian function implemented in the most popular molecular dynamics software. In particular, it runs natively in AMBER and Gromacs engines, and porting it to other simulation packages is straightforward. This review describes the underlying philosophy behind the development of SIRAH over the years and across families of biological molecules, discussing current limitations and future implementations.

Sistema de Inteligencia Geoespacial sobre tenencia y posesión de la Tierra (SIGeTierra): una respuesta de integración de bases de datos espaciales para la gestión pública Rosso, Inés; Linares, Santiago; Bellusci, María Emilia; Alvarez, Martina; de Estrada, Victoria En el presente trabajo se propone compartir el proceso de desarrollo e implementación de un Sistema de Inteligencia Geoespacial como estrategia de aprovechamiento de información existente, con el objetivo de promover el desarrollo de políticas públicas destinadas a la regularización dominial de las tierras de las familias campesinas y de la agricultura familiar, y la formalización de la propiedad comunitaria indígena y, por consiguiente, garantizar derechos económicos, sociales y culturales del sector. La experiencia surge a partir de dar respuesta al Desafío 35 presentado por la Secretaría de Agricultura Familiar, Campesina e Indígena, en el marco del programa “ImpaCT.AR Ciencia y Tecnología”, al cual se propuso la creación de SIGeTierra, una plataforma que permite almacenar, enriquecer y consultar dinámicamente la información presente en diferentes registros públicos. Metodológicamente, se diseñaron y ejecutaron distintas etapas que incluyeron la recopilación y análisis de datos existentes procedentes de diversas fuentes. El desarrollo de la plataforma geoespacial de tecnología nacional, posibilitó la puesta en marcha e integración gradual del modelo de información núcleo y el desarrollo de capacidades de autonomía en tecnologías geoespaciales por medio de capacitaciones diferenciales, así como una instancia de soporte técnico y presentación de una prueba a escala piloto del uso de la tecnología satelital.

Azospirillum argentinense Modifies Arabidopsis Root Architecture Through Auxin-dependent Pathway and Flagellin Mora, Maria Veronica; Lopez, Gaston Alberto; Molina, Romina Micaela; Coniglio, Nayla Anahí; Nievas, Sofia Mariela; De Diego, Nuria; Zeljković, Sanja Ćavar; Sarmiento, Sara Salcedo; Spíchal, Luká; Robertson, Sean; Wilkins, Olivia; Elías, Juliana María; Pedraza, Raúl Osvaldo; Estevez, Jose Manuel; Belmonte, Mark F.; Cassan, Fabricio Dario To evaluate if root architecture changes observed in Arabidopsis thaliana inoculated with Azospirillum argentinense Az39 depend exclusively on the bacterial capacity to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and plant ability to sense IAA levels. Azospirillum argentinense Az39, A. argentinense Az39 ipdC–, flagellin from A. argentinense Az39, and pure IAA were applied to A. thaliana Col-0 (wild-type) and tir1.1 (a lateral root deficient mutant) seedlings. Inoculation with heat-inactivated A. argentinense Az39 cells and a non-PGPR bacterium (Escherichia coli DH5α) was also tested. The primary root (PR) length, lateral roots (LR) number, and root hair (HR) density were assessed, and the root transcriptome was sequenced (Illumina HiSeq), followed by DEGs and GO term enrichment analyses. Inoculation with both A. argentinense strains resulted in a shorter PR and an increased number of LR and RH. IAA application (0.1 µM) led to a similar root phenotype than inoculation with Az39 (108 CFU mL−1). The addition of 1 µM flagellin, as well as plant exposure to non-lysed A. argentinense Az39 or E. coli DH5α cells, enhanced RH formation. Genes related to auxin signaling were highly expressed in the roots of Az39-inoculated seedlings; genes related to jasmonate and salicylic acid metabolism were highly expressed in the roots of plants inoculated with ipdC −. Root architecture changes in A. thaliana inoculated with A. argentinense Az39 do not depend exclusively on root IAA levels/IAA plant perception. This PGPR induces root morphological changes through both IAA-dependent and IAA-independent mechanisms. Flagellin may be a key molecule involved in IAA-independent mechanisms.

City-scale model for COVID-19 epidemiology with mobility and social activities represented by a set of hidden Markov models Pais, Carlos Marcelo; Godano, Matias I.; Juarez, Emanuel; Prado, Abelardo del; Biurrun Manresa, José Alberto; Rufiner, Hugo Leonardo Background and objective: SARS-CoV-2 emerged by the end of 2019 and became a global pandemic due to its rapid spread. Various outbreaks of the disease in different parts of the world have been studied, and epidemiological analyses of these outbreaks have been useful for developing models with the aim of tracking and predicting the spread of epidemics. In this paper, an agent-based model that predicts the local daily evolution of the number of people hospitalized in intensive care due to COVID-19 is presented. Methods: An agent-based model has been developed, taking into consideration the most relevant characteristics of the geography and climate of a mid-size city, its population and pathology statistics, and its social customs and mobility, including the state of public transportation. In addition to these inputs, the different phases of isolation and social distancing are also taken into account. By means of a set of hidden Markov models, the system captures and reproduces virus transmission associated with the stochastic nature of people's mobility and activities in the city. The spread of the virus in the host is also simulated by following the stages of the disease and by considering the existence of comorbidities and the proportion of asymptomatic carriers. Results: As a case study, the model was applied to Paraná city (Entre Ríos, Argentina) in the second half of 2020. The model adequately predicts the daily evolution of people hospitalized in intensive care due to COVID-19. This adequacy is reflected by the fact that the prediction of the model (including its dispersion), as with the data reported in the field, never exceeded 90% of the capacity of beds installed in the city. In addition, other epidemiological variables of interest, with discrimination by age range, were also adequately reproduced, such as the number of deaths, reported cases, and asymptomatic individuals. Conclusions: The model can be used to predict the most likely evolution of the number of cases and hospital bed occupancy in the short term. By adjusting the model to match the data on hospitalizations in intensive care units and deaths due to COVID-19, it is possible to analyze the impact of isolation and social distancing measures on the disease spread dynamics. In addition, it allows for simulating combinations of characteristics that would lead to a potential collapse in the health system due to lack of infrastructure as well as predicting the impact of social events or increases in people's mobility.

Quartz crystal Microbalance with dissipation monitoring for biomedical applications: Open source and low cost prototype with active temperature control Muñoz, G. G.; Millicovsky, Martín Javier; Reta, J. M.; Cerrudo, Juan Ignacio; Peñalva, A.; Machtey, Matías; Torres, R. M.; Zalazar, M. A. Advances in sensors have revolutionized the biomedical engineering field, having an extreme affinity for specific analytes also providing an effective, real-time, point-of-care testing for an accurate diagnosis. Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is a well-established sensor that has been successfully applied in a broad range of applications to monitor and explore various surface interactions, in situ thin-film formations, and layer properties. This technology has gained interest in biomedical applications since novel QCM systems are able to work in liquid media. QCM with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is an expanded version of a QCM that measures changes in damping properties of adsorbed layers thus providing information on its viscoelastic nature. In this article, an open source and low cost QCM-D prototype for biomedical applications was developed. In addition, the system was validated using different Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) concentrations due to its importance for many medical applications. The statistics show a bigger dissipation of the system as the fluid becomes more viscous, also having a very acceptable sensibility when temperature is controlled.