Una política de la memoria universitaria: El caso de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas (UNICEN) en su cincuentenario Di Salvo, Luciano Daniel; Ramon, Maria Florencia En el marco de las conmemoraciones por los Cincuenta años de la creación de la Facultad de Ciencias del Hombre (actualmente Facultad de Ciencias Humanas) emerge la necesidad de construcción colectiva de una memoria, en la cual las tensiones subyacentes juegan un rol importante a la hora de la configuración de una política respecto de las formas de abordaje de su pasado institucional. La escasez de material documental planteó una dinámica específica, en la cual la participación de los actores de la comunidad educativa, con el aporte de sus archivos personales, y la convocatoria a organizaciones de Derechos Humanos, permitieron la construcción de una historia institucional, a la vez que develaron la carencia de una política institucional de resguardo de documentación y construcción de memoria. Estas dificultades pusieron en evidencia la tensión que subyace respecto de los posicionamientos ideológicos a lo largo de la propia historia de la institución, así como también la desidia respecto de la conservación y preservación del material. La experiencia recogida a lo largo de dichas conmemoraciones enriquecieron nuestro trabajo encarado previamente por el Programa Institucional Archivo Histórico Digital Comunitario, que con la propia Facultad llevamos adelante.

“Caminante no hay camino, se hace arqueología al andar”: Reflexiones en torno a una arqueología política; “There is no way to walk, archaeology is made when walking”: Reflections on a political archaeology Gilardenghi, Esteban Ezequiel Este trabajo plantea una serie de preguntas tendientes a discutir los valores y normas impuestas en la arqueología argentina, por ejemplo ¿Es posible cambiar nuestras prácticas?,¿De qué modo podemos democratizar y diversificar la arqueología?,¿Desde dónde y cómo hacerlo? La arqueología, en nuestro país, esta demarcada por las exigencias académicas, las cuales definen el tipo de ciencia que llevamos adelante, desde como publicamos hasta cual es el objeto de estudio de la arqueología, pasando por las relaciones dentro de los equipos de investigación. En consonancia con esto, todo aquello (prácticas, metodologías, marcos teóricos, etc.) que caiga fuera de esa orbita predefinida es, muchas veces, cuestionado e ignorado. A partir de la enumeración y descripción de diversas situaciones, bosquejo, lo que para mí es la arqueología en nuestro país. Finalmente, ejemplifico con diferentes casos, como es posible una visión innovadora que subvierta las características de la actual arqueología argentina, al mismo tiempo propongo el concepto de anarco-epistemología para enfrentar al disciplinamiento del que somos parte.; This work raises a series of questions aimed at discussing the values and norms imposed on Argentine archeology, such as: is it possible to change our practices? How can we democratize and diversify archaeology? How should changes be introduced and from what perspective? Archaeology, in our country, is constrained by academic requirements, which define the type of science we carry out, from how we should publish to what is the object of studying archaeology, through the relationships within research teams. In line with this/Accordingly, everything (practices, methodologies, theoretical frameworks, etc.) that falls outside that predefined orbit/area/arena is often questioned and ignored. From the enumeration and description of various situations, I outline what I consider archaeology in our country. Finally, I illustrate a possible innovative vision that subverts the characteristics of current Argentine archaeology. In addition, I propose/put forward the concept of anarcho-epistemology to face the discipline to which we belong

Quantification and composition analysis of plastic pollution in riverine beaches of the lower Paraná River, Argentina Mitchell, Clara; Quaglino, María Cecilia; Posner, Victoria Maria; Arranz, Silvia Eda; Sciara, Andres Angel Plastic pollution and the numerous consequences it has on aquatic life have become a huge concern in recent years. While many studies have been conducted in marine environments, studies in freshwater ecosystems are scarce and insufficient. The Paraná River is the most important water course in the La Plata River basin and the fifth in the world with a mean annual discharge of 18,000 m3 per second. Currently available studies show the presence of plastic in river shores and fish gut, but more research should be carried out in order to know the extension and origin of plastic contamination. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify and characterize macro-, meso-, and microplastics found in the riverine beaches next to Rosario city, the most populated city standing by the lower Paraná River coast in Argentina. The results show that plastic pollution is ubiquitous, but the city shores are significantly more polluted than the wetland shore with a mean of 30,780 and 6375 microplastics per square meter respectively (p = 0.024). The food and beverage industry packaging combined were the most frequent macroplastics found. Also, 3 out of 4 meso- and microplastics were white/transparent, the color that is most likely to be ingested by fish and invertebrates. Finally, all micro- and mesoplastics found were secondary and, in the case of microplastics, they were mainly fibers (93.4%) which highlight its ecological relevance. As a whole, plastic contamination is a serious issue in the Rosario area, specially single-use plastics and short-lived products. The anthropic effect of the cities and how it contributes to plastic pollution are evident.

¿Agenda cultural o espacio de intervención política?: La sección «Información general» en la revista del Colegio Libre; Cultural agenda or a space for political intervention?: «Información general» section in Colegio Libre´s journal Lizalde, Ornela Este artículo es una aproximación al estudio de la revista Cursos y conferencias (Buenos Aires, 1931‒1960), editada por el Colegio Libre de Estudios Superiores. Se centra en el análisis de la sección «Información general» durante el período en que la revista estuvo bajo la dirección de Arturo Frondizi (1941‒1952). En esos años, Frondizi puso en juego una serie de cambios que apuntaron a transformar la publicación en una empresa cultural autónoma; entre ellos, la formación de una sección de interés general que a partir de 1946 creció hasta ocupar un lugar central en la revista. El análisis de estas publicaciones permite afirmar que el alcance de esta sección excedió los límites de la mera «agenda cultural» funcionando como «punto de fuga», una zona menos vigilada a la cual se desplazó el lenguaje político, y un espacio de sociabilidad desde el que se establecieron redes de relaciones personales e institucionales.; This paper approaches the study of the journal Cursos y Conferencias (Buenos Aires, 1931–1960), published by Colegio Libre de Estudios Superiores. It focuses in the analysis of «Información general» section in the period in which the journal was directed by Arturo Frondizi (1941–1952). In those years, Frondizi brought into play a series of changes that aimed to transform the publication into an autonomous cultural enterprise; among them, the formation of a section of general interest that, from 1946, grew to occupy a central place in the journal. The analysis of these publications allows us to affirm that the scope of this section exceeded the limits of the mere «cultural agenda» serving as a «vanishing point», a less guarded area to which political language moved, and a space of sociability from which networks of personal and institutional relationships were established.

In silico selection and evaluation of pugnins with antibacterial and anticancer activity using skin transcriptome of treefrog (Boana pugnax) Liscano, Yamil; Medina, Laura; Oñate Garzón, Jose; Gúzman, Fanny; Pickholz, Mónica Andrea; Delgado, Jean Paul In order to combat bacterial and cancer resistance, we identified peptides (pugnins) with dual antibacterial l–anticancer activity from the Boana pugnax (B. pugnax) skin transcriptome through in silico analysis. Pugnins A and B were selected owing to their high similarity to the DS4.3 peptide, which served as a template for their alignment to the B. pugnax transcriptome, as well as their function as part of a voltage-dependent potassium channel protein. The secondary peptide structure stability in aqueous medium was evaluated as well, and after interaction with the Escherichia coli (E. coli) membrane model using molecular dynamics. These pugnins were synthesized via solid-phase synthesis strategy and verified by Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Subsequently, their alpha-helix structure was determined by circular dichroism, after which antibacterial tests were then performed to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Cytotoxicity tests against cancer cells also showed selectivity of pugnin A toward breast cancer (MFC7) cells, and pugnin B toward prostate cancer (PC3) cells. Alternatively, flow cytometry revealed necrotic cell damage with a major cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) control cells. Therefore, the pugnins found in the transcriptome of B. pugnax present dual antibacterial– anticancer activity with reduced selectivity to normal eukaryotic cells.

Autoengaño Fernández Acevedo, Gustavo; Vorano, Agostina En la presente entrada, se analizan algunos de los aspectos más importantes del autoengaño y algunos de los problemas más significativos que este fenómeno suscita, desde la perspectiva de la filosofía de la mente de tradición analítica.

Sexual aggression in mammals Cassini, Marcelo Hernan In non-human mammals, sexual conflict should be particularly intense because males rarely provide parental care. An expected consequence of sexual conflict is male aggression towards mates. Considering how complex measurements and interpretations of behaviours such as sexual aggression and sexual coercion are, I preferred to define operationally, as ‘sexual disturbance’, any male behaviour towards females during the pericopulatory period that can be costly for females. The objectives in this review were as follows: 1) to estimate how widespread sexual disturbance is among mammals, 2) to analyse the types of female response to sexual disturbance, and 3) to characterise the costs of sexual disturbance to females. I conducted a systematic review by searching the literature in the Web of Knowledge database using the search tools available for 19 main journals, and I conducted a qualitative review via a taxon-by-taxon analysis. Sexual disturbance was frequent in four of the 32 mammalian orders: Primates, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, and Cetacea, which all include highly polygynous taxa. The most common expression of sexual conflict around copulation is seen in behaviours associated with female retention attempts that cause minor harm. Research suggests that the most common response of females to sexual disturbance comprises female grouping around a dominant male.; 1. En mamíferos no-humanos, el conflicto sexual puede ser particularmente intenso debido a que los machos raramente proveen cuidado parental. Una consecuencia esperada del conflicto sexual es la agresión sexual hacia las parejas reproductivas. Considerando que las medidas e interpretaciones de conductas tales como la agresión sexual y la coerción social pueden ser muy complejas, preferí definir operacionalmente como ’perturbación sexual’ a cualquier comportamiento de los machos hacia hembras durante el período peri-copulatorio que podría ser costoso para las hembras. 2. Los objetivos de esta revisión fueron: 1) estimar cuan difundida está la perturbación sexual entre los mamíferos, 2) analizar los tipos de respuestas de las hembras a la perturbación sexual, y 3) caracterizar los costos de la perturbación sexual para las hembras. Realicé una revisión sistemática buscando publicaciones en internet, usando las herramientas de búsqueda disponibles en 19 revistas científicas relevantes, y conduje una revisión cualitativa a través de un análisis taxón por taxon. 3. La perturbación sexual fue frecuente en cuatro de 32 órdenes de mamíferos: Primates, Artiodactyla, Carnivora y Cetacea, los cuales en todos los casos incluyen taxones altamente poligínicos. La expresión más común del conflicto sexual alrededor de la cópula son conductas asociadas a intentos de retención de las hembras que producen un daño menor.

Development of a novel UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of ochratoxin A in tea Cina, Mariel; Ponce, Maria del Valle; Martinez, Luis Dante; Cerutti, Estela Soledad The mycotoxin Ochratoxin A (OTA) is responsible for producing many effects on human and animal health. In this work, the evaluation of the presence of OTA in tea beverage samples consisted of extraction and preconcentration through the solidification of a floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) combined with an additional octadecyl silane clean-up step. The obtained extract was analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Interferences from the matrix were effectively reduced and, consequently, recovery increased from 43.18% ± 4.1%–96.02% ± 2.54%. The validation assays were carried out by external calibration and spiked samples, with satisfactory recoveries. An adequate dynamic calibration range was obtained over a concentration interval between 0.5 and 70 μg mL−1 OTA. Capabilities of detection and quantification were 0.5 and 1.4 μg mL−1. The obtained Green Certificate was compared with other techniques to establish the greenness profile of the procedure. Quantification of ochratoxin A levels in tea samples was performed.

Microbiota intestinal: Origen y desarrollo. Modulación a través de la intervención dietética Bustos, Ana Yanina La composición y actividad de la microbiota intestinal humana resulta de interacciones complejas que incluyen el genoma del huésped, su estado nutricional, hábitos sociales, entre otros.Investigaciones científicas recientes sugieren que las alteraciones de la microbiota intestinal conducen a trastornos inmunes y metabólicos que contribuyen al desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles tales como obesidad, síndrome metabólico, diabetes e incluso autismo y depresión.Este artículo revisa el origen y la composición de la microbiota intestinal, con especial énfasis en la colonización natural y desarrollo del microbioma neonatal, así como los impactos ejercidos por los antibióticos, el tipo de parto y de alimentación. Por último, se discuten algunas estrategias para la restauración del equilibrio microbiano. Una comprensión más profunda de estos conceptos permitirá optimizar estrategias terapéuticas que permitan manipular la microbiota para combatir enfermedades y mejorar la salud.; The composition and activity of the human intestinal microbiota results from complex interactions that include the host genome, its nutritional status, social habits, among others. Recent scientific research suggests that intestinal microbiota disturbances lead to immune and metabolic disorders that contribute to the development of noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and even autism and depression. This paper reviews the origin and development of the intestinal microbiota, including the natural colonization and assembly of the neonatal microbiome as well as the impacts exerted by antibiotics, types of delivery and feeding. Then, potential strategies for restoration of these microbiota insults are also discussed. A deeper understanding of these concepts will optimize therapeutic strategies that allow modulating the composition of the microbiota to improve health.

Germinación y crecimiento de Vicia magellanica: Implicancias para la restauración de áreas incendiadas en el norte de la Patagonia andina; Germination and growth of Vicia magellanica: Potential applications on post-fire restoration in north Andean Patagonia Blackhall, Melisa; Villán, Ana; Gobbi, Miriam E. Conocer la dinámica de regeneración de las especies pioneras luego de incendios es primordial para diseñar herramientas de protección y restauración de ambientes degradados por fuego. El estudio de la autoecología de las especies nativas puede aportar información muy útil para aplicar en planes de manejo y en medidas de restauración pasiva o activa. En este trabajo se presentan resultados obtenidos a partir de ensayos de germinación y crecimiento de Vicia magellanica (Fabaceae), en suelo quemado, con y sin agregado de compost, a fin de a) identificar factores asociados a los incendios que se puedan relacionar con los patrones de regeneración post-fuego de esta especie, y además b) discutir el potencial de esta especie para su aplicación en restauración de áreas incendiadas del NO de la Patagonia. En general, los porcentajes de germinación de V. magellanica superaron el 90% de germinación total promedio en la mayoría de los tratamientos (control, aplicación de cenizas, escarificación física, estratificación fría). Sin embargo, la aplicación de calor seco, asociado a altas temperaturas edáficas durante un incendio (100 °C y 120 °C) tuvo un efecto negativo sobre la germinación. Los resultados del ensayo de crecimiento en el que se evaluó el desempeño de V. magellanica en un posible escenario de restauración activa luego de un incendio mostraron que las condiciones edáficas asociadas a un suelo quemado permitieron un desarrollo satisfactorio de los individuos. En suelos quemados sin adición de compost se observó una mayor biomasa aérea y subterránea, y un mayor número de flores, en comparación con las plantas con agregado de compost. Esto supondría una ventaja para colonizar áreas con suelos degradados por fuego. Vicia magellanica presenta numerosas características que favorecerían su uso en estrategias de revegetación post-fuego en bosques y matorrales del noroeste patagónico aplicando siembra directa a campo, y particularmente en los primeros estadios luego del incendio.; Knowing the regeneration dynamics of pioneer species after fires is essential to design tools for the protection and restoration of environments degraded by fire. Autoecology studies of native species can contribute with valuable information for planning land management and passive and/or active restoration actions. We conducted essays of seed germination and plant growth (utilizing burned soils with and without incorporation of compost) with the purpose of a) identifying factors associated to fire that could be related to post-fire regeneration patterns of Vicia magellanica (Fabaceae), and, as well, b) discussing the potential role of this species in the active restoration of burned areas of northwest Patagonia. In general, percentages of germination exceeded 90% of total germination for almost all treatments (control, application of ashes, physical scarification, cold stratification). However, the exposition of seeds to dry heat, associated to the elevated soil temperatures during fire occurrence (100 °C and 120 °C), showed a negative effect on seed germination. The results of the plant growth experiment evaluating the performance of V. magellanica in a possible active restoration scenario after a fire showed that the edaphic conditions associated with a burnt soil allowed a satisfactory development of individuals. Plants growing in burned soils without biosolids compost presented a higher aboveground and belowground biomass and a higher number of flowers, in comparison to plants growing in burned soils without compost. These characteristics might confer V. magellanica an advantage for colonizing burned degraded soils. Vicia magellanica presents several properties that could support the use of this species for post-fire revegetation strategies in forest and shrublands of northwest Patagonia, principally by applying direct sowing in the field, and particularly during early post-fire stages.

Late Quaternary intraplate deformation defined by the Las Chacras Fault Zone, West‐Central Argentina Rimando, Jeremy; Schoenbohm, Lindsay; Ortiz, Gustavo Federico; Alvarado, Patricia Monica; Venerdini, Agostina Lia; Owen, Lewis; Seagren, Erin; Marques Figueiredo, Paula; Hammer, Sarah Several major (up to MW 7.5) earthquakes over the past 320 years have shaken the thick-skinned Sierras Pampeanas region of Argentina, despite exhibiting much lower GPS-shortening rates than across the thin-skinned Precordillera region to its west. Whether geodetic shortening rates indicate an actual long-term shortening gradient, and whether shortening rates translate to higher uplift rates due to steeper faults in the Sierras Pampeanas, remain uncertain due to the limited spatio-temporal coverage and the inherently large error in the vertical component of deformation of GPS measurements. We measure geomorphic offsets and use 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating to determine slip rates on the Las Chacras Fault Zone (LCFZ)—an ∼30 km long, NNW-trending, steeply dipping (55–65°E) reverse fault that branches off of the longest, westernmost, thick-skinned Valle Fértil range-front fault in the western Sierras Pampeanas. Average shortening and uplift rates measured on the LCFZ are ∼0.2 and ∼0.3–0.4 mm/yr, respectively. Despite an uplift rate similar to most other faults in the region, the LCFZ shortening rate is lower than faults to its west; this is in agreement with the inferred west-east decrease in shortening rates from GPS data, indicating consistent regional deformation patterns since the Late Pleistocene. The decrease in shortening to the east coincides spatially with the termination of the flat portion of the subducted Nazca plate between 67 and 68°W. From scaling relationships among magnitude, slip rate, and fault length, the LCFZ is capable of generating earthquakes of MW 6.7–7.1.

The Mega-MUSCLES Spectral Energy Distribution of TRAPPIST-1 Wilson, David J.; Froning, Cynthia S.; Duvvuri, Girish M.; France, Kevin; Youngblood, Allison; Schneider, P. Christian; Berta Thompson, Zachory; Brown, Alexander; Buccino, Andrea Paola; Hawley, Suzanne; Irwin, Jonathan; Kaltenegger, Lisa; Kowalski, Adam; Linsky, Jeffrey; Parke Loyd, Robert O.; Miguel, Yamila; Pineda, J. Sebastian; Redfield, Seth; Roberge, Aki; Rugheimer, Sarah; Tian, Feng; Vieytes, Mariela Cristina We present a 5 Å-100 μm spectral energy distribution (SED) of the ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, obtained as part of the Mega-MUSCLES Treasury Survey. The SED combines ultraviolet and blue-optical spectroscopy obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, X-ray spectroscopy obtained with XMM-Newton, and models of the stellar photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, and corona. A new differential emission measure model of the unobserved extreme-ultraviolet spectrum is provided, improving on the Lyα-EUV relations often used to estimate the 100-911 Å flux from low-mass stars. We describe the observations and models used, as well as the recipe for combining them into an SED. We also provide a semiempirical, noise-free model of the stellar ultraviolet spectrum based on our observations for use in atmospheric modeling of the TRAPPIST-1 planets.

Complementary and alternative medicine in epilepsy: A global survey of physicians’ opinions Asadi Pooya, Ali A.; Brigo, Francesco; Lattanzi, Simona; Karakis, Ioannis; Asadollahi, Marjan; Trinka, Eugen; Talaat El Ghoneimy, Lobna; Pretorius, Chrisma; Contreras, Guilca; Daza Restrepo, Anilu; Valente, Kette; D`alessio, Luciana; Turuspekova, Saule T.; Aljandeel, Ghaieb; Khachatryan, Samson; Ashkanani, Abdulaziz; Tomson, Torbjörn; Kutlubaev, Mansur; Guekht, Alla; Alsaadi, Taoufik; Calle Lopez, Yamile; Mesraoua, Boulenouar; Ríos Pohl, Loreto; Al-Asmi, Abdullah; Villanueva, Vicente; Igwe, Stanley C.; Kissani, Najib; Jusupova, Asel Purpose: To investigate the opinions of physicians on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with epilepsy (PWE) worldwide. Methods: Online survey addressed to neurologists and psychiatrists from different countries. Results: Totally, 1112 physicians from 25 countries (different world region: Europe, North America, South America, Middle-East, Africa, Former Soviet Union Republics) participated; 804 (72.3%) believed that CAM might be helpful in PWE. The most commonly endorsed CAM included meditation (41%) and yoga (39%). Female sex, psychiatry specialization, and working in North and South America were associated with the belief that CAM is helpful in PWE. Two-hundred and forty five out of 1098 participants (22.3%) used/prescribed CAM to PWE; among them, 174 (71%) people perceived CAM to be less effective and 114 (46.5%) people found CAM to be safer than conventional antiseizure medications (ASMs). The most common reasons to prescribe CAM for PWE were: to satisfy the patient (49.9%), dissatisfaction with the efficacy (35.6%), and dissatisfaction with the adverse effects (31.2%) of conventional therapies. Conclusion: Although the evidence supporting the use of CAM for the treatment of epilepsy is extremely sparse, most physicians worldwide believe that it could be integrated with the use of conventional ASMs, at least in some patients. High-quality controlled trials are warranted to provide robust evidence on the usefulness of CAM options in PWE.

Oxidative metabolism of photosynthetic species and the exposure to some freshwater and marine biotoxins Puntarulo, Susana Ángela; González, Paula Mariela Environmental climate conditions could lead to an increasing global occurrence of microorganism blooms that synthesize toxins in the aquatic environments. These blooms could result in significantly toxic events. Responses of photosynthetic organisms to adverse environmental conditions implicate reactive oxygen species generation; but, due to the presence of a varied cellular antioxidant defense system and complex signaling networks, this oxidative stress could act as an important factor in the environmental adaptive processes. The objective of this review was to assess how some biotoxins are implicated in the generation of oxidative and nitrosative metabolic changes, not only in biotoxin-producing organisms but also in non-producing organisms. Therefore, toxins may modify the oxidative cellular balance of several other species. Hence, the effect of toxins on the oxidative and nitrosative conditions will be evaluated in freshwater and marine algae and vascular plants. The changing climate conditions could act as agents capable of modifying the community composition leading to alterations in the global health of the habitat, risking the survival of many species with ecological relevance.

Ce=O Terminated CeO2 Grinter, David C.; Allan, Michael; Yang, Hyun Jin; Salcedo, Agustín; Murgida, Gustavo Ezequiel; Shaw, Bobbie Jean; Pang, Chi L.; Idriss, Hicham; Ganduglia Pirovano, M. Verónica; Thornton, Geoff Multiply bonded lanthanide oxo groups are rare in coordination compounds and have not previously been reported for a surface termination of a lanthanide oxide. Here we report the observation of a Ce=O terminated ceria surface in a CeO2(111)-((Formula presented.) × (Formula presented.))R30° reconstruction of ≈3 nm thick ceria islands prepared on Pt(111). This is evidenced by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) measurements in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A Ce=O stretching frequency of 775 cm−1 is observed in HREELS, compared with 766 cm−1 calculated by DFT. The calculations also predict that the Ce=O bond is weak, with an oxygen vacancy formation energy of 0.85 eV. This could play an important role in the facile removal of lattice oxygen from CeO2, accompanied by the reduction of CeIV to CeIII, which is a key attribute of ceria-based systems in connection with their unique catalytic properties.

Binary medical nanofluids by combination of polymeric eudragit nanoparticles for vehiculization of tobramycin and resveratrol: antimicrobial, hemotoxicity and protein corona studies Toledo, Constanza; Gambaro, Rocío Celeste; Padula, Gisel; Vela, Maria Elena; Castro, Guillermo Raul; Chain, Cecilia Yamil; Islan, German Abel The development of smart nanoparticles (NPs) became a trend to enhance the delivery of drugs. In the present work, Tobramycin (TB), an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displays several undesirable side effects, has been encapsulated into cationic Eudragit®E100 (E100) NPs for the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Combination with neutral Eudragit®NE30D (NE30D) NPs containing resveratrol (RSV), a strong natural antioxidant, increased the antimicrobial activity of TB (75% higher than free TB). NPs were stabilized with 1.0% (w/v) poloxamer 188 (P188) or poloxamer 407 (P407) as surfactants. E100 NPs showed 83.3 ± 8.5%, and 70.1 ± 2.7 encapsulation efficiency (EE) of TB with P188 and P407 coatings, respectively. The presence of NPs was confirmed by DLS and TEM studies. TB was controlled released from NPs for 6 h. Hemotoxicity tests of NPs in the range of MIC values on human blood gave negative results. Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance verified that NE30D/P407/RSV does not interact with plasma proteins BSA, IgG or fibrinogen, besides E100/P188/TB interact with BSA, findings that are compatible with a negligible in vivo clearance of the nanovehicles. The obtained results show a potential binary fluid composed of two NPs to highly improve the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics.

Complejo I, H2O2 y NO mitocondriales como señales prodrómicas de la disfunción cardíaca en diabetes tipo 1; Mitochondrial Complex I, H2 O2 and NO as Prodromal Signals of Cardiac Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes Rukavina Mikusic, Natalia Lucía; Valderrey, Micaela; Tripodi, Valeria Paula; Valdez, Laura Batriz Introducción: Resultados de nuestro laboratorio sugieren que la disfunción mitocondrial en el corazón precede a la falla miocárdica asociada a la hiperglucemia sostenida.Objetivo: Estudiar los eventos tempranos que ocurren en las mitocondrias de corazón en un modelo de diabetes mellitus tipo 1.Materiales y métodos: Ratas Wistar macho fueron inyectadas con estreptozotocina (STZ; 60 mg/kg, ip) y sacrificadas 10 o 14 días posinyección. Se obtuvo la fracción mitocondrial de corazón.Resultados: El consumo de O2 en estado 3 en presencia de malato-glutamato (21%) o succinato (16%) y las actividades de los complejos I-III (27%), II-III (24%) y IV (22%) fueron menores en los animales diabéticos a los 14 días posinyección. Cuando los animales se sacrificaron al día 10, solo el consumo de O2 en estado 3 en presencia de sustratos del complejo I (23%) y sucontrol respiratorio (30%) fueron menores en las ratas inyectadas con STZ, de acuerdo con una reducción en la actividad del complejo I-III (17%). Estos cambios se acompañaron de un aumento en las velocidades de producción de H2O2 (117%), NO (30%) y ONOO- (∼225%), en la expresión de mtNOS (29%) y en la [O2-]ss (∼150%) y [NO]ss (∼30%), junto con una disminución de la actividad de la Mn-SOD (15%) y la [GSSG+GSH]mitocondrial (28%), sin cambios en la expresión de PGC-1α.Conclusión: La disfunción del complejo I y el aumento en la generación de H2O2, NO y ONOO- pueden considerarse señales subcelulares prodrómicas del deterioro de la función mitocondrial que precede a la disfunción cardíaca en la diabetes.; Background: Previous results from our laboratory suggest that heart mitochondrial dysfunction precedes myocardial failure associated with sustained hyperglycemia. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the early events that take place in heart mitochondria in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg, ip.) to induce DM. They were euthanized 10 or 14 days later and the heart mitochondrial fraction was obtained. Results: State 3 O2 consumption in the presence of malate-glutamate (21%) or succinate (16%), and complex I-III (27%), II-III (24%) and IV (22%) activities were lower in diabetic animals 14 days after STZ injection. When animals were euthanized at day 10, only state 3 O2 consumption sustained by complex I substrates (23%) and its corresponding respiratory control (30%) were lower in rats injected with STZ, in agreement with reduced complex I-III activity (17%). These changes were accompanied by increased H2 O2 (117%), NO (30%) and ONOO- (~225%) production rates, mtNOS expression (29%) and O2 - (~150%) and NO (~30%) steady-state concentrations, together with a decrease in Mn-SOD activity (15%) and mitochondrial [GSSG+GSH] (28%), without changes in PGC-1α expression. Conclusion: Complex I dysfunction and increased H2 O2 , NO and ONOO- production rates can be considered subcellular prodromal signals of the mitochondrial damage that precedes myocardial dysfunction in diabetes

Desarrollo e institucionalización de la antropología forense en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina; Development and institutionalization of forensic anthropology in the province of Córdoba, Argentina Ginarte, Anahí; Gonzalez, Claudina El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar y discutir el desarrollo de la antropología forense en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Se presenta una breve historia del desarrollo de la disciplina con énfasis en el trabajo iniciado por peritos del Equipo Argentino de Antropología Forense que derivaron en la actual institucionalización de la disciplina, con la creación del Servicio de Antropología Forense en el Instituto de Medicina Forense del Poder Judicial y la conformación del primer “Banco de datos de cadáveres y restos cadavéricos no identificados”. Su finalidad es recolectar y resguardar información biológica y documental de restos no identificados y contribuir en la restitución de la identidad de personas desaparecidas en la actualidad, no solo del ámbito local sino nacional. Además, se describen las tareas periciales realizadas a lo largo de doce años y se detallan las categorizaciones de los casos trabajados. Se dan a conocer las investigaciones desarrolladas en interacción con instituciones universitarias y académicas. Finalmente, y a la luz de este desarrollo se discute la importancia del rol del antropólogo forense dentro de los institutos de medicina forense y en interacción con otras ciencias y con otros agentes de justicia en la resolución de casos actuales en la provincia de Córdoba.; The aim of this work is to present and discuss the development of forensic anthropology in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. A brief history of the development of the discipline is presented with emphasis on the work initiated by experts from the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team that led to the current institutionalization of the discipline, with the creation of the Forensic Anthropology Service at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Judicial Power and the creation of the first "Database of unidentified corpses and remains". Its purpose is to collect and safeguard biological and documentary data on unidentified remains and contribute to the restitution of the identity of currently missing persons, not only at the local but also at the national level. In addition, the expert tasks carried out over twelve years are described, and the categorizations of the cases worked are detailed. We also present the investigations developed in interaction with university institutions. Finally, we discuss, in light of this development, the importance of the role of the forensic anthropologists within the forensic medicine institutes and in interaction with other sciences and with other justice agents in the resolution of current cases in the province of Córdoba.

A Decade of Hydrological Drought in Central-Western Argentina Rivera, Juan Antonio; Otta, Sebastián Alfredo; Lauro, Carolina; Zazulie, Natalia Most of the water used for the development of the main socio-economic activities in Central-Western Argentina (CWA), an arid to semi-arid region, home to most of the Argentinean wine production, relies on surface streamflow from several snow-fed rivers. During the last decade (2010-2020), reduced snow accumulation over the higher elevations of the Andes mountains triggered the occurrence of hydrological drought over CWA, affecting winter tourism, restricting water use for irrigation and domestic use, and leading to socio-political disputes. This study provides a detailed description of the recent hydrological drought conditions through the use of streamflow records from 15 river basins, which were complemented by precipitation, snowpack, and water equivalent thickness measurements to provide a comprehensive picture of the water losses over the last decade. Hydrological drought indices derived from the threshold level method and the standardized streamflow index allowed characterizing the unusualness of this dry period in the context of the last 49 years. The hydrological deficit over the last decade highlighted the challenges faced by the water managers to provide water for irrigation in the main agricultural oases, with a likely overexploitation of the groundwater resources to supplement the limited surface runoff. The hydrological drought severity increased since 2017, with record-breaking levels in several basins, particularly during the period between July 2019 and June 2020 for the rivers located between 35° and 36°S. We identified the main hydrological drought impacts in CWA, as well as the need for improved mitigation strategies to cope with current and future drought conditions. We also analyzed the current limitations in terms of snow and groundwater observations, highlighting the necessity for an effective hydrological drought monitoring system, together with an improved forecast of snow accumulation in the headwaters, which can contribute to better regional water management plans.

Mineralogy of the Rincón Blanco selenide occurrence, La Rioja, Argentina Marquez Zavalia, Maria Florencia; Galliski, Miguel Angel; Skácha, Pavel; Macek, Ivo; Sejkora, Jiří; Dolnícek, Zdeněk Rincón Blanco is a small selenide occurrence situated to the WNW of Jagüé, a small town of the General Sarmiento department, La Rioja province, Argentina. This occurrence, also called El Chire in recent years, is located (28°35'46.10"S, 68°44'35.78"W, 3120 m. a. s. l.) in the Precordillera environment, to the furthermost southwestern corner of the selenium ore district of Los Llantenes, defined as one of the representative metallogenic belts of the Gondwanic episodes. The selenide minerals occur as veinlets up to few centimeters or as patches or fine inclusions, widespread in calcite. We have identified eleven hypogene Se-bearing minerals (naumannite, tiemannite, chrisstanleyite, jagüéite, eucairite, clausthalite, fischesserite, umangite, athabascaite, berzelianite and bellidoite) mainly associated with gold, silver, hematite and various supergene minerals, including malachite, chalcomenite, and molybdomenite. The paragenesis should have formed from low temperature (< 133 °C), neutral to mildly alkaline pH and highly oxidizing fluids with increasing sulfur fugacity. The country-rock, rich in graptolite-fauna, could be considered, at least in part, the source for the Se and associated metals forming the minerals of this paragenesis, although this hypothesis has yet to be tested.