Ser migrante en Argentina en tiempos de COVID-19: Movilizar estrategias ante el mandato de inmovilidad Alvites Baiadera, Angélica Paola; Clavijo Padilla, Janneth Karime; Sciolla, Paula Daniela El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las experiencias de las y los migrantes que habitan en Argentina en tiempos de COVID-19, al develar el modo en que las medidas adoptadas en el contexto de pandemia han interpelado de forma diferencial a estas poblaciones en tanto no-nacionales. Para alcanzar este objetivo se trabaja sobre un conjunto de entrevistas telefónicas, notas de campo, registros de encuentros virtuales, documentos nacionales y de organismos internacionales. A partir del análisis se construyen tres momentos paradigmáticos de las experiencias de las y los migrantes, con relación a: 1) el cruce de fronteras en tiempos de cierre total; 2) la persistencia y profundización de las desigualdades sociales; 3) las luchas y estrategias migrantes para sortear las dificultades en el confinamiento.; The goal of this article is to analyze the experiences of migrants living in Argentina during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we uncover the impact of the mobility restriction policies and the challenge they impose to different sectors of foreign communities. To this end, we leverage live telephonic interviews, field notes, recordings of virtual meetings, and documentation available from national and international authorities. Collected information enables the construction of three distinct paradigmatic phases of migrant experiences: 1) border crossing during curfew and strict lock-down; 2) persistence and deepening of social inequalities; and 3) strategies and struggles to overcome the confinement difficulties.

Rendimiento y calidad en trigo: Un simple cálculo para dosis de nitrógeno Ron, María de Las Mercedes; Martinez, Juan Manuel; Kiessling, Roberto Jurgen El método del balance simplificado para fertilización nitrogenada en base en trigo implica varias suposiciones. Las aproximaciones intentan reducir la naturaleza compleja de la nutrición del cultivo a un simple cálculo.

Determinants of unreported income in Latin American companies: a business perspective Pedroni, Florencia Verónica; Briozzo, Anahi Eugenia; Pesce, Gabriela This study aims to empirically identify factors associated with unreported income in Latin American registered firms. We use World Bank Enterprise Survey 2017 data from Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. We find that the propensity of a company to underreport income increases when corruption, taxes, bureaucracy, regulation, justice, access to finance, and sector informality are considered an obstacle to business operations; and when firms are smaller, from the commercial sector, domestic owned, sell mainly in national markets, have at least one female owner or are from Bolivia. Otherwise, this probability decreases for companies that have certified financial statements or international quality certifications, and when political instability represents the greatest difficulty. This article provides updated information of business informality determinants in Latin America with very recent data from six countries, which is an opportunity to design specific development policies in the region.

Convalescent Plasma Therapy in SARS-COV-2 Infection, Experience in Tucumán Argentina: An Observational Study Chahla, Rossana; Agote, Felicitas; Medici, Natalia; Agudo, Gabriela; Farhat, Maria; Sandoval, María Rosario; De Gorostiza, Graciela; Valenzuela, Juan; Amicone, Nancy; Barrenechea, Guillermo; Aguilar, Mónica; Costas, Dardo; Walter, Sigler; Toledo, Roxana; Maldonado Galdeano, María Carolina; Cazorla, Silvia Ines; Chehin, Rosana Nieves; Ploper, Diego; Vera Pingitore, Esteban; Tomas Grau, Rodrigo Hernán; Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle; Peral, Maria de Los Angeles Background: Therapies based on different drugs and corticosteroids have been employed to stop the SARS-COV-2 virus infection. The administration of convalescent plasma (CP) is other therapy used to control COVID-19 disease. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the CP therapy on the recovery of SARS-COV-2 infection in 189 hospitalized patients who received this treatment during July to October 2020. Material and Methods: 189 patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization in theIntensive Care Unit (ICU) or mechanical ventilation, from the public hospital dependent on the Health Ministry of Tucumán, Argentina, were selected to receive plasma. The Convalescent Plasma to be use in the transfusion therapy, was selected according the nucelocapside specific IgG antibody titer, measured by Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 assay. Results: We observed that early administration of CP, between3 to 5 days after hospitalization, to patients with moderate disease, was associated with a decrease in the mortality. In 27 patients from the Intensive Care Unit which required mechanical ventilation and 28 patients that presented several comorbidities, plasma administration was effective in 14 and 60% respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that the favorable effect of CP would be related with the the period of time when plasma wasadministered to hospitalized patients and the severity of the disease. Early administration was a critical point to decrease the deaths of SARS-COV-2 infected patients.

Del movimiento reformista a la insurrección: la izquierda paraguaya y el Nuevo Ideario Nacional (1929-1931); From the Reform Movement to Insurrection: the Paraguayan Left and the New National Ideary (1929-1931) Castells, Carlos Roberto Este trabajo se propone recuperar la historia del Nuevo Ideario Nacional (NIN), nombre que sintetiza un movimiento político de la izquierda paraguaya surgido a finales de la década de 1920 y de breve existencia, pero que representó una experiencia política original en el país, tanto en sus aspectos programáticos más generales como en la estrategia política utilizada. De acuerdo con ellos, se hace difícil encuadrar este fenómeno en alguna de las corrientes políticas clásicas (anarquistas, socialistas y comunistas), aunque, obviamente, encuentre parte de su raíz en ellas. Ubicado dentro de la heterogénea gama de experimentos y movimientos políticos latinoamericanos surgidos al calor del fenómeno de la Reforma universitaria iniciada en Córdoba en 1918, el NIN fue el espacio aglutinador de un nuevo radicalismo obreropopular que derivó en un movimiento insurreccional cuya acción más audaz fue la llamada Toma de Encarnación, el 19 de febrero de 1931, ciudad que por dieciséis horas fue convertida en “comuna libertaria”.; The objective of this paper is to recover the history of the New National Ideario (NIN), a name that synthesizes a political movement of the Paraguayan left that emerged in the late 1920s and of short existence, but which represents an original political experience in the country, both in its most general programmatic aspects as well as in the identified political strategy. According to them, it is difficult to frame this phenomenon in any of the classic political currents (anarchists, socialists and communists), although, obviously, it finds part of its root in them. Located within the heterogeneous range of Latin American political movements and experiments that emerged in the process of the University Reform that began in Córdoba in 1918, the NIN was the uniting space for a new worker-popular radicalism that led to an insurrectional movement whose most daring action it was called Toma de Encarnación, on February 19, 1931, a city that for sixteen hours was converted into a “libertarian commune”.

Las Quínoas oncoids: a new deposit of microbialites in the Salar de Antofalla (Catamarca, Argentina) Villafañe, Patricio Guillermo; Lencina, Agustina Inés; Soria, Mariana Noelia; Saona Acuña, Luis Alberto; Gómez, Fernando Javier; Alonso, Guido Ezequiel; Farias, Maria Eugenia The Salar de Antofalla (salt flat) is located in the Puna region of Catamarca, in northern Argentina. In this paper we report and provide the first descriptive data of Las Quínoas, a modern system of oncoids located in the western margin of the salt flat. Oncoids were studied by insitu logging, polished and thin sections analysis. In addition, the 16s rRNA genes of microbial mats associated with these oncoids were amplified and sequenced to characterize the microbial biodiversity. Oncoids present discoidal to subrounded morphologies and sizes up to 15 cm in diameter. They are scattered along channels, which originate from the groundwater springs of a wetland and enter the salt flat. Its macrostructure is concentric and composed by three zones: 1. A nucleus zone built by clastic material in a carbonate matrix. 2. A well-laminated zone around the nucleus that shows two types of mesostructures: concentrically stacked spheroids (SS-C) and randomly stacked hemispheroids (SS-R), both showing an alternation of dense and dark micritic laminae with light micritic to microsparitic laminae. 3. A poorly-laminated zone, in the outermost sector of oncoids, with two types of mesostructures too: a laminated mesostructure composed also of an alternation of dense and dark micritic laminae with light micritic to microsparitic laminae, and a non-laminated mesostructure composed of agglomerated and cemented clastic material within a calcareous matrix (wackestones-packstones). Regarding the microbial diversity, the analyzed oncoids in this work are mainly inhabited by Proteobacteria (ca. 37.5%), Bacteroidetes (ca. 25.0%), and in less proportion Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria.

Compromiso e intención de abandono en adolescentes de selecciones nacionales argentinas: el papel de los agentes sociales y efectos del género; Engagement and intentions of drop-out in adolescents of Argentinean national teams: The role of social agents and gender effects Raimundi, María Julia; Celsi, Ignacio Agustín; Otero, Maria Carla; Schmidt, Vanina Ines; Castillo, Isabel Introducción/objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar el poder predictivo de la percepción de los estilos interpersonales de entrenadores/as, padres y madres en el compromiso e intención de abandono de adolescentes deportistas argentinos de alto rendimiento, considerando el papel del género en esta relación. Método: Participaron 234 adolescentes de entre 12 y 16 años (M = 14.48, DT = 1.09) seleccionados para los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud —Buenos Aires 2018—, quienes cumplimentaron cuestionarios para la evaluación de las variables de interés. Resultados: Los varones perciben mayores niveles de compromiso que las mujeres y estas perciben mayor apoyo a la autonomía de la madre. El apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador tuvo mayor capacidad predictiva en el compromiso de los varones y en la intención de abandono del deporte de las mujeres. En ambos géneros, el efecto del apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador fue mayor que el de los padres. Conclusiones: Estos resultados muestran la importancia de los otros significativos en la participación deportiva y contribuyen al conocimiento de los factores que pueden favorecer el desarrollo positivo en deportistas adolescentes de alto rendimiento.; Introduction/Objective: This research aims to examine the predictive power of perceived interpersonal styles of coaches, fathers and mothers on engagement and intentions to drop-out of Argentinean high-performance adolescent athletes considering the role of gender in this relationship. Method: A total of 234 adolescents aged 12-16 years (M = 14.48, SD = 1.09) selected for the Youth Olympic Games -Buenos Aires 2018- participated in the study, who answered questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. Results: Males perceived higher levels of engagement than females, and females perceived higher autonomy support from the mother. Coaches’ autonomy support had greater predictive power on males’ engagement and females’ intentions to drop-out sport. In both genders, the effect of coach autonomy support was greater than parents. Conclusions: These results show the importance of significant others in sport participation and contribute to the knowledge of factors that may foster positive development in high-performance adolescence athletes.

Haplotypes traceability and genetic variability of the breeding population of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) revealed by mitochondrial DNA de Freitas, Milena V.; Ariede, Raquel B.; Hata, Milene E.; Mastrochirico Filho, Vito A.; del Pazo, Felipe; Villanova, Gabriela Vanina; Mendonça, Fernando F.; Foresti, Fábio Porto; Hashimoto, Diogo T. The main objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity levels and haplotype traceability in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus from the breeding program located in Brazil by analyses of the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA). Moreover, broodstocks from eight commercial fish farms were used for comparative evaluation, four from Brazil (Br1-Br4) and four from Argentina (Ar1-Ar4). The descriptive results revealed 47 polymorphic sites and 51 mutations, which evidenced 34 haplotypes. Ten haplotypes were shared among fish farms and 24 were exclusive. The nucleotide diversity (π) ranged from 0.00031 to 0.01462 and haplotype diversity (Hd) from 0.125 to 0.868. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated high structure present in the analyzed stocks (FST = 0.13356 and ФST = 0.52707). The genetic diversity was high in most of the commercial broodstocks, especially those from Brazil. We observed seven haplotypes in the genetic breeding population, of which four were exclusive and three shared among the commercial fish farms. The genetic diversity was moderate (π = 0.00265 and Hd = 0.424) and considered appropriated for this breeding population of pacu. Our results provide support for the genetic diversity maintenance and mtDNA traceability of pacu commercial broodstocks.

Sex chromosomes in the Vizcacheras’ White-lipped frog, Leptodactylus bufonius (Anura, Leptodactylidae) Schneider, Rosio Gabriela; Ferro, Juan Martín; Reinko, Ivana Noelia; Boeris, Juan Martín; Cardozo, Dario Elbio; Baldo, Juan Diego Cytogenetic analyses were performed on specimens of Leptodactylus bufonius from different localities in Argentina. Mitotic chromosomes were studied with Giemsa and differential staining techniques (Ag-NOR, C-banding, and CMA3 /DAPI) and fl uorescence in situ hybridization with the 18S DNAr probe. All specimens showed karyotypes with 2n = 2x = 22 and FN = 44. Secondary constrictions were present in the long arm of chromosome pair 8, coincident with Ag-NOR and hybridization signals of the 18S DNAr probe. The C-banding technique evidenced an important amount of heterochromatin with a sex-linked pericentromeric band in the short arm of chromosome pair 4. This heterochromatic band was heteromorphic in males but present in both homologues of females, and it was CMA3 positive (DAPI negative) at fl uorescence staining. The occurrence of heteromorphic XY sex chromosomes in L. bufonius is the second known case in Leptodactylus and the fi fth within the speciose family Leptodactylidae.

AISYF: first national, prospective, multicenter study of young patients with stroke in Argentina; AISYF: primer estudio nacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico de pacientes jóvenes con ataque cerebral en Argentina Bonardo, Pablo; Leon Cejas, Luciana; Mazziotti, Julieta; Zinnerman, Alberto; Fernandez Pardal, Manuel; Martinez, Alejandra; Riccio, Patricia; Ameriso, Sebastian Francisco; Bendersky, Eduardo Daniel; Nofal, Pedro; Cairola, Patricia; Jure, Lorena; Sotelo, Andrea; Casas Parera, Ignacio Faustino; Sánchez Luceros, Analía Gabriela; Sposato, Luciano A.; Reisin, Ricardo C. Aproximadamente un 15% de todos los ataques cerebrovasculares afectan a pacientes jóvenes y su incidencia estaría en aumento. Existe escasa información sobre el ataque cerebral en esta población tanto en nuestro país como en Latinoamérica. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar las características clínicas y los factores de riesgo de los adultos jóvenes con ictus en Argentina. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo y multicéntrico en adultos jóvenes (18-55 años) en Argentina, que presentaron un evento cerebrovascular dentro de los 180 días previos. Los subtipos de ictus se clasificaron según los criterios de TOAST. Se incluyeron un total de 311 pacientes (hombres 53.9%, edad media: 43,3 años). Los ataques cerebrovasculares isquémicos ocurrieron en el 91.8% (infartos cerebrales 82.6%, ataque isquémico transitorio 9.2%) y los eventos hemorrágicos correspondieron al 8.2%. Los factores de riesgo vascular más frecuentes (incluyendo los eventos isquémicos y hemorrágicos) fueron: hipertensión 120 (41%), tabaquismo 92 (31.4%), dislipidemia 81 (27.6%) y sobrepeso/obesidad: 74 (25.3%). Los subtipos de ictus isquémicos fueron: arteriopatía de gran vaso 12.3%, cardioembolismo 7.5%, oclusión de pequeña arteria 11.5%, otra etiología definida 27.1% y etiología indeterminada 41.6%. Los factores de riesgo vascular son muy frecuentes en los adultos jóvenes con ictus. Nuestros hallazgos subrayan que se requieren estrategias urgentes para la prevención primaria y secundaria del ictus en este grupo particular de pacientes en nuestro país.; Up to 15% of all strokes affect young patients and the incidence of ischemic stroke in this population is rising. Nevertheless, there is limited information of cerebrovascular events in this population both in our country and in Latin America. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of young adults with stroke in Argentina. This is a prospective, multicenter study of stroke in young adults (18 - 55 years) in Argentina. Patients presenting with a cerebrovascular event within 180 days were included. Stroke subtypes were classified according to TOAST criteria. A total number of 311 patients were enrolled (men 53.9%, mean age: 43.3 years). Ischemic strokes occurred in 91.8% (brain infarcts 82.6%, transient ischemic attack 9.2%) and hemorrhagic strokes in 8.2%. The most frequent vascular risk factors (including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes) were: hypertension 120 (41%), smoking 92 (31.4%), dyslipidemia 81 (27.6%) and, overweight/obesity: 74 (25.3%). Stroke subtypes were: large artery disease 12.3%, cardioembolism 7.5%, small artery occlusion 11.5%, other defined etiology 27.1%, and undetermined etiology 41.6%. Our study demonstrates that vascular risk factors are very frequent in young adults with stroke. Our findings underline that urgent strategies are required for primary and secondary stroke prevention in this group of patients.

Familia revolucionaria e infancias: El testimonio como desplazamiento en la casa de los conejos e infancia clandestina; Revolutionary family’ and childhoods: The testimony as displacement in la casa de los conejos and infancia clandestina Argañaraz, María Eugenia Este trabajo se centra en la mirada que los niños, durante la última dictadura militar argentina, conformaron con respecto a sus madres militantes y miembros de ‘familias revolucionarias o militantes’ de Montoneros. Nos hemos focalizado en la novela La casa de los conejos (2008) de Laura Alcoba y en el film Infancia clandestina (2012) de Benjamín Ávila. Se problematizan comparativamente ambas obras desde los posicionamientos de mujeres dentro de la militancia organizativa (Oberti, 2015) con respecto a la centralidad que ocuparon en relación con sus parejas. La mirada de los niños a la que referimos encuentra vínculos con transmisiones que aluden a conformaciones de la propia subjetividad (Kaufman, 2006) en una memoria familiar y en la conformación de trabajos de la memoria (Jelin, 2002) que las voces narrativas de esos hijos/as llevan adelante con el objetivo de dar testimonio. Finalmente, el trabajo de Teresa Basile (2019, 2020) es significativo para dar cuenta acerca de los tipos de infancias que estos niños desarrollan, para dar lugar a lo que se identifica como Segunda Generación de HIJOS. Con el fin de referir a las miradas de los niños, se han tenido en cuenta las formas narrativas en que las obras expresan la crianza en medio de los modos de maternar en contextos de violencia extrema. Ambas piezas aluden a prácticas culturales y testimoniales. Además, en la novela y en el film aparecen infancias con carácter fronterizo, en el sentido de que los niños crecen y dan testimonio de esa dimensión política que recuerdan y construyen a medida que el relato avanza. Todo ello dentro de núcleos familiares militantes que habilitan y habilitaron la figura del infante no solo como testigo sino también como partícipe de la historia argentina.; This work focuses on the view that children, during the last Argentine military dictatorship, formed with respect to their militant mothers, members of ´revolutionary or militant families´ of Montoneros. In this opportunity, our analysis will focus on the novel La casa de los conejos (2008), by Laura Alcoba, and the film Infancia clandestina (2012), by Benjamín Ávila. Our analysis will problematize comparatively both works, exploring the relations between the positions that these women occupy in the organized militancy (Oberti, 2015) and those that they occupy in their couple life. The children's gaze to which we refer finds links with transmissions that allude to conformations of subjectivity itself (Kaufman, 2006) in a family memory and in the conformation of memory works (Jelin, 2002) that the narrative voices that these children carry on with the objective of giving testimony. Finally, the work of Teresa Basile (2019, 2020) will help us to account the types of childhoods that these children develop, leading to what is identified as the Second Generation of CHILDREN. In order to refer to the children’s gaze, we have taken into account the narrative forms in which the works represent the upbringing and mothering in contexts of extreme violence. Both works refer to cultural and testimonial practices. In the novel and in the film, childhoods appear with a border character, in the sense that children grow up and bear witness to that political dimension that they remember and build as the story progresses. All this within militant family nuclei that enable and empower the figure of the infant not only as a witness but as a participant in Argentine history.

Compromiso e intención de abandono en adolescentes de selecciones nacionales argentinas: el papel de los agentes sociales y efectos del género; Engagement and intentions of drop-out in adolescents of Argentinean national teams: The role of social agents and gender effects Raimundi, María Julia; Celsi, Ignacio Agustín; Otero, Maria Carla; Schmidt, Vanina Ines; Castillo, Isabel El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar el poder predictivo de la percepción de los estilos interpersonales de entrenadores/as, padres y madres en el compromiso e intención de abandono de adolescentes deportistas argentinos de alto rendimiento, considerando el papel del género en esta relación. Método. Participaron 234 adolescentes de entre 12 y 16 años (M = 14.48, DT = 1.09) seleccionados para los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud ?Buenos Aires 2018?, quienes cumplimentaron cuestionarios para la evaluación de las variables de interés. Resultados. Los varones perciben mayores niveles de compromiso que las mujeres y estas perciben mayor apoyo a la autonomía de la madre. El apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador tuvo mayor capacidad predictiva en el compromiso de los varones y en la intención de abandono del deporte de las mujeres. En ambos géneros, el efecto del apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador fue mayor que el de los padres. Conclusiones. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de los otros significativos en la participación deportiva y contribuyen al conocimiento de los factores que pueden favorecer el desarrollo positivo en deportistas adolescentes de alto rendimiento.; This research aims to examine the predictive power of perceived interpersonal styles of coaches, fathers and mothers on engagement and intentions to drop-out of Argentinean high-performance adolescent athletes considering the role of gender in this relationship. Method. A total of 234 adolescents aged 12-16 years (M = 14.48, SD = 1.09) selected for the Youth Olympic Games -Buenos Aires 2018- participated in the study, who answered questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. Results. Males perceived higher levels of engagement than females, and females perceived higher autonomy support from the mother. Coaches’ autonomy support had greater predictive power on males’ engagement and females’ intentions to drop-out sport. In both genders, the effect of coach autonomy support was greater than parents. Conclusions. These results show the importance of significant others in sport participation and contribute to the knowledge of factors that may foster positive development in high-performance adolescence athletes.

Interdisciplinary research networks and science-policy-society interactions in the Uruguay River Basin Saguier, Marcelo; Gerlak, Andrea K.; Villar, Pilar Carolina; Baigún, Claudio Rafael M.; Venturini, Virginia; Lara, Albina; Dos Santos, Marco Aurelio The Uruguay River Basin (URB) that extends along Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay has been the hub of increasing pressures caused by the expansion of industrial agriculture, forestry and infrastructure projects in hydroenergy and transportation. There are growing concerns that the fragmented institutional framework is inadequate to address the growing challenges. Interdisciplinary research networks can contribute to creating perspectives of the basin that are policy and governance relevant. In this paper, we set out to interrogate the potential scope of interdisciplinary research networks (IRNs) for the advancement of basin governance framework for the URB. We envision IRNs as knowledge actors that can open up opportunities to mediate and connect basin actors across different spaces - academic, policy, technical-administrative and social. We highlight a series of pathways to advance networks actions in creating opportunities to fill the gaps of transboundary basin governance, and acknowledge the challenges associated with doing this work in the URB and other basins around the world.

San Andres de Teixido: Corpus Christi en un santuario de montaña en el norte de Galicia; San Andres de Teixido: Corpus Christi in a mountain sanctuary in northern Galicia Ceruti, Maria Constanza Construido en la Sierra da Capelada, el santuario de San Andrés de Teixido es un importante centro de peregrinaje en el norte de España, ornado con leyendas de almas que se "condenaron" por no haberlo visitado en vida. El complejo ceremonial se encuentra emplazado entre los acantilados más altos de Europa, los cuales son transitados a través de senderos de peregrinaje señalados por mojones y cruceiros. La autora efectuó el acercamiento a pie al santuario, recorriendo las alturas de los acantilados y sus fabulosas vistas panorámicas. Visitó una fuente de agua sagrada y documentó los depósitos de exvotos en una cripta exterior subterránea, así como las leyendas populares entretejidas en torno a San Andrés de Teixido y a la diversidad de miniaturas de pan que los peregrinos llevan como reliquias a sus hogares. Asimismo, compartió la procesión de Corpus Christi, precedida por la celebración eucarística al interior de la iglesia, en la que participaron cófrades, devotos y gaiteros. La tradición de peregrinar con fines religiosos reconoce una antigüedad milenaria en el mundo gallego y se materializa tanto en peregrinajes individuales como en procesiones colectivas y romerías. En las consideraciones del trabajo, se analiza el fenómeno del peregrinaje a San Andrés de Teixido en el contexto de la religiosidad popular gallega, teniendo en cuenta las antiguas prácticas monásticas en las fragas boscosas que flanquean al río Eume y los modernos ritos solsticiales, que incluyen las famosas hogueras de San Juan, en playas sobre el estuario de Pontedeume.; Built in the Sierra da Capelada, the shrine of San Andrés de Teixido is an important pilgrimage center in the north of Spain, adorned with legends of souls that were "condemned" for not having visited it while they were alive. The ceremonial complex is located between the highest cliffs in Europe, which are traveled through pilgrimage trails marked by milestones. The author made the approach on foot to the San Andrés shrine, crossing the heights of the cliffs and enjoying their fabulous panoramic views. She visited a source of sacred water and documented the votive offerings in the outer crypt of the sanctuary, as well as the popular legends woven around the diversity of miniature figurines made of bread, that pilgrims carry as relics to their homes. She participated in the Corpus Christi procession preceded by the Eucharistic celebration inside the church of San Andrés, together with confreres, devotees and bagpipers participated. The tradition of pilgrimage for religious purposes recognizes a millenary antiquity in the Galician world and is materialized both, in individual pilgrimages and in collective processions. In the considerations of the paper, the phenomenon of the pilgrimage to San Andrés de Teixido is analyzed in the context of the popular religiosity of northern Galicia, taking into account the ancient monastic practices in the wooded fragas that flank the Eume river and the modern summer solstice rites, which include the famous San Juan bonfires, on beaches on the Pontedeume estuary.

Amphibians and reptiles as palaeonvironmental proxies during the Late Pleistocene (MIS3): The case of Stratigraphic Unit V of El Salt, Alcoi, Spain Marquina Blasco, Rafael; Fagoaga, Ana; Crespo Roures, Vicente Daniel; Bailon, Salvador; Mallol, Carolina; Hernández, Cristo M.; Galván, Bertila; Ruiz Sánchez, Francisco Javier The locality of El Salt (Alcoi, Spain) is a key site for understanding the extirpation of Neanderthals in the eastern part of Iberia. In this paper, we analyse an assemblage of amphibians and reptiles from Stratigraphic Unit V (45.2 ± 3.4 ka to 44.7 ± 3.4 ka), which corresponds to one of the last regional records of Neanderthals, to improve knowledge of the palaeoecology and palaeoclimate of this event. The assemblage comprises three anurans (Pelodytes sp., Alytes obstetricans, and Epidalea calamita), two lizards (Lacertidae indet. and Chalcides bedriagai), and five snakes (Colubridae indet., Coronella sp., Coronella sp./Zamenis sp., Natrix maura, and Vipera latastei). Palaeoclimatic reconstruction, based on the Mutual Ecogeographic Range method, indicates that climate was cooler and slightly wetter climate than the present day climate of the Alcoi area. Applying the Habitat Weighting Method, we infer that the area surrounding El Salt was dominated by open dry regions, alternating with rocky areas with scarce scrubs and forest patches that would have developed under mesomediterranean conditions. These results are not entirely consistent with those obtained with other proxies (charcoal and small mammal assemblages) from the same site, which suggest slightly warmer and drier conditions. We hypothesise that these divergences may be partly related to the current wide distribution of reptiles and amphibians across Iberia. A key finding is that the extirpation of the Neanderthals in Iberia coincided with aridification.

The content of astrophysical jets Romero, Gustavo Esteban Jets, collimated outflows of particles and fields, are observed in a wide variety of astrophysical systems, including Active Galactic Nuclei of various types, micro-quasars, gamma-ray bursts, and young stellar objects. Despite intensive efforts along several decades of observational and theoretical research, there are still many uncertainties and open questions related to how jets are produced and what is their composition. In this review, I offer an outline of some current views on the content and basic properties of astrophysical jets.

Towards the design of biodiverse green roofs in Argentina: Assessing key elements for different functional groups of arthropods Fabian, Diego; González, Ezequiel; Sánchez Domínguez, María Virginia; Salvo, Silvia Adriana; Fenoglio, Maria Silvina Green roofs offer numerous environmental benefits, and thus their implementation is considered an initiative to create sustainable cities. However, the characteristics of green roofs that could enhance arthropod biodiversity and ecological functioning are poorly known, especially for South American countries. Here, we analyzed the influence of several characteristics of green roofs (plant species richness, vegetation cover of the roof, age, substrate depth, area, and isolation in terms of height and green cover in the landscape scale) on the abundance, richness (total and by functional feeding groups), and community composition of arthropods. To do that, we selected 30 green roofs located in different urbanization contexts, from small towns in semi-rural areas to Cordoba, the second-largest city of Argentina. Our results indicated a high diversity of arthropods, registering a total of 12,942 individuals corresponding to 505 species from 14 orders, being herbivores and parasitoids the dominant groups. The area of the green roofs was positively linked to total species richness, species richness of most functional feeding groups, and total abundance of arthropods. The community composition of arthropods on green roofs was also affected by their area, and by the green cover in the landscape. Moreover, green roofs with higher plant richness, mainly spontaneous, and less isolated (both vertically and horizontally) favored entomophagous arthropods. Other variables, such as age and vegetation cover of the green roofs, were also important for herbivores, predators, parasitoids and detritivores. Our study clearly demonstrates that green roof size is not all that matters for supporting arthropod biodiversity because promoting high plant diversity, allowing spontaneous ecosystem dynamics, and diminishing roof isolation foster entomophagous arthropod diversity. Our study is the first that considers multiple factors of roofs in South America and provides key knowledge for stakeholders interested in the development and management of this green infrastructure in semi-rural and urban landscapes.

Incipient speciation in Calceolaria polyrhiza complex (Calceolariaceae): Cytogenetic analysis supports molecular and morphological data Mermoud, Sebastian Ricardo; Cosacov Martinez, Andrea; Sersic, Alicia Noemi; Acosta, María Cristina Calceolaria polyrhiza is a perennial herb distributed in southern South America. The species is highly polymorphic and includes four described morphotypes that were previously considered different species. We performed a detailed study of the karyotype of each morphotype considering at least two localities for each one, with the aim of contributing to the taxonomic delimitation of the Calceolaria polyrhiza complex. In addition, a principal component analysis and a mapping of chromosome traits onto a phylogeny of nuclear DNA sequences were performed. This detailed karyotypic study has revealed specific markers, which have allowed to characterize each morphotype. ‘Prichardii’ morphotype was consistently polyploid. ‘Mendocina’ and ‘Lanceolata’ morphotypes had the highest total heterochromatin amount, with two pairs of chromosomes carrying NORs. ‘Mendocina’ samples showed the most asymmetrical karyotypes. ‘Polyrhiza’ morphotype had the most symmetrical karyotypes of the four morphotypes and the simplest fluorescent chromosome banding pattern. Thus, the four morphotypes could be characterized by chromosomal data and, together with the phylogenetic analysis of molecular data, could be considered taxonomic units in the process of diversification.

Defying death: incorporating fossils into the phylogeny of the complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiidae, Marchantiophyta) confirms high order clades but reveals discrepancies in family-level relationships Flores, Jorge Rafael; Bippus, Alexander C.; Suarez, Guillermo Martin; Hyvönen, Jaakko In recent years, the use of extensive molecular and morphological datasets has clarified the phylogenetic relationships among the orders of complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiidae). However, previous studies excluded extinct taxa; thereby, undersampling the actual taxonomic diversity of the group. Here, we conducted a total-evidence analysis of Marchantiidae incorporating fossils. The combined dataset consisted of 11 genes—sampled from the nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid genomes—and 128 morphological characters. Sixty-two species, representing all classes and orders within Marchantiophyta and genera within Marchantiidae were included in the analyses. Six fossils were scored from literature: two assigned to the outgroup (Metzgeriothallus sharonae and Pallaviciniites sandaolingensis) and four to the ingroup (Marchantites cyathodoides, M. huolinhensis, Ricciopsis ferganica and R. sandaolingensis). Tree searches were conducted using parsimony as the optimality criterion. Clade sensitivity was assessed across a wide range of weighting regimes. Also, we evaluated the influence of fossils on the inferred topologies and branch support. Our results were congruent with previously inferred clades above the order level: Neohodgsoniales was sister to a clade formed by Sphaerocarpales and Marchantiales. However, relationships among families within Marchantiales contradicted recent studies. For instance, a clade consisting of Monosoleniaceae, Wiesnerellaceae and Targioniaceae was sister to the morphologically simple taxa instead of being nested within them as in previous studies. Novel synapomorphies were found for several clades within Marchantiales. Outgroup fossils were more influential than Marchantiidae fossils on overall topologies and branch support values. Except for a single weighting scheme, sampling continuous characters and down-weighting characters improved fossil stability. Ultimately, our results challenge the widespread notion that bryophyte fossils are problematic for phylogenetic inference.

La configuración de necroespacialidades vivenciadas por adolescentes varones implicados con el narcotráfico en las periferias pobres del gran Buenos Aires, Argentina; A configuração de necroespacialidades vivenciadas por adolescente do sexo masculino envolvidos com o narcotráfico nas periferias pobres da Grande Buenos Aires, Argentinas; The Configuration of Necro-spacialities Experienced for Male Adolescents Involved with Drug Trafficking in Poor Peripheries of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina Rocha, Heder Leandro; Lan, Diana Graciela Este texto objetiva la comprensión de cómo se configuran las necroespacialidades en la vivencia cotidiana de los adolescentes varones implicados con el narcotráfico en las periferias pobres del Gran Buenos Aires (GBA). Fueron realizadas 13 entrevistas en profundidad con adolescentes varones en tratamiento por el policonsumo problemático de drogas y que en algún momento de sus vidas estuvieron implicados con el narcotráfico. Se utilizó como metodología el análisis de contenido del discurso (Bardin, 1977) y la sistematización por frecuencia y espacialidad de las categorías discursivas, conforme la propuesta de Gomes (1993). A partir de este análisis fue posible identificar las formas por las cuales el accionar biopolítico y necropolítico instituyen necroespacialidades vivenciadas de forma multiescalar por los sujetos. El barrio, la calle, la casa y el propio cuerpo son vivenciados a partir de la muerte violenta en las periferias pobres que viven estos adolescentes.; O presente texto objetiva a compreensão de como as necroespacialidades são configuradas nas experiências diárias de adolescentes envolvidos com o tráfico de drogas nas periferias pobres da Grande Buenos Aires (GBA). Foram realizadas 13 entrevistas em profundidade com adolescentes do sexo masculino em tratamento para o policonsumo problemático de drogas, que em algum momento de suas vidas estavam envolvidos com o tráfico de drogas. Se utilizou como metodologia a análise do conteúdo do discurso (Bardin, 1977) e a sistematização por frequência e espacialidade das categorias discursivas, conforme proposta de Gomes (1993). A partir da análise realizada foi possível identificar como os dispositivos da biopolítica e da necropolítica instituem necroespacialidades que são vivenciadas de forma multiscalar pelos sujeitos. O bairro, a rua, a casa e o próprio corpo são vivenciados a partir da morte violenta nas periferias pobres que esses adolescentes vivem.; This text aims to understand how necro-spatialities are configured in the daily experience of male adolescents involved with drug trafficking in the poor peripheries of Greater Buenos Aires (GBA). Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with male adolescents in treatment for problematic drug use and who at some point in their lives were involved with drug trafficking. Discourse content analysis (Bardin, 1977) and the systematization by frequency and spatiality of discursive categories were used as methodology, according to the proposal of Gomes (1993). From this analysis it was possible to identify the ways in which biopolitical and necropolitical actions institute necro-spatialities experienced in a multiscalar way by the subjects. The neighborhood, the street, the house and the body itself are experienced from the violent death in the poor peripheries that these adolescents live.