Prueba para evaluar conocimiento en Leyes: análisis de los ítems mediante la aplicación del modelo de Rasch Ghio, Fernanda Belén; Cupani, Marcos; Garrido, Sebastian Jesús; Azpilicueta, Ana Estefanía; Moran, Valeria Estefania La evaluación del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios resulta un elemento fundamental para medir la calidad educativa en la enseñanza superior. La forma más directa de obtener dicha calificación es a través de exámenes o pruebas de medición, sin embargo si consideramos que son los docentes los que determinan la forma de evaluación, dichos instrumentos pueden presentar falencias en su elaboración. Por lo cual, en la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba se está construyendo un Test que pretende estimar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios. Razón por la cual en este trabajo se aplica el modelo de Rasch para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de 31 ítems del Nivel I del dominio de conocimiento en Leyes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 170 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 60 años (M = 24,59; DE = 6,22). En líneas generales, los ítems presentan buenas propiedades psicométricas. Este trabajo realiza aportes significativos en el ámbito de la medición y evaluación en nuestro medio, viendo la necesidad de evaluar el amplio rango de conocimientos y habilidades que deben adquirir los estudiantes en el ámbito universitario.; The evaluation of the academic performance of university students is a fundamental element to measure the quality of education in a higher education. The most direct way to obtain this qualification is through exams or probing tests, however if we consider that teachers are the ones who determine the form of evaluation, these instruments may present shortcomings in their elaboration. Therefore, in the School of Psychology of the National University of Cordoba is being built a test that attempts to estimate the academic performance of university students. Reason for which in this work the Rasch model is applied to evaluate the psychometric properties of 31 items of Level I of the knowledge domain in Laws. The sample consisted of 170 students aged between 19 and 60 years (M = 24.59, DE = 6.22). In general, the items have good psychometric properties. This work makes significant contributions in the field of measurement and evaluation in our environment, based on the need to evaluate the wide range of knowledge and skills that students must achieve in the university environment

Córdoba, ciudad de frontera: Repensando las relaciones entre lo local y lo global en la construcción de imaginarios urbanos (1950-1970) Malecki, Juan Sebastian En la presente propuesta quisiera discutir algunas formas alternativas de pensar las relaciones históricas entre “espacios de frontera” y “metrópolis”. Para ello, la perspectiva de la historia intelectual aparece como una productiva vía para analizar procesos culturales de larga duración, en los cuales la noción de “frontera” no sólo remite a las zonas de contacto entre los estado-nación, sino que también puede entenderse como un espacio de disputa entre tradiciones divergentes, que incluyen pero exceden los marcos nacionales. De tal forma, proponemos discutir de qué formas la construcción de lo local se construye mediado por procesos globales.En tal sentido, la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) produjo, a lo largo del siglo XX, un imaginario urbano que, de una u otra manera, se ideó a sí misma como una "ciudad de frontera" entre “tradición” y “modernidad”, entre Europa y América Latina, en una geografía imaginaria a la vez nacional y latinoamericana. En el ciclo de modernización y radicalización que se dio entre los 50 y 70 en América Latina, aquella imagen de Córdoba, heredera de la Reforma del ‘18, encontró un momento particularmente intenso en la idea de Córdoba como la Turín. Gracias a la instalación de las industrias automotrices y de un vertiginoso crecimiento urbano, Córdoba se convirtió en un caso anómalo para lo que las ciencias sociales del momento estaban conceptualizando bajo la figura de la “ciudad latinoamericana”. De tal forma, me propongo indagar, en el ciclo que se dio entre 1950 y 1970, las relaciones entre las transformaciones materiales de la ciudad y el conjunto de ideas y presentaciones que conformaron aquel imaginario urbano de Córdoba.

Normativas sobre el matrimonio y la residencia indígena en la Jurisdicción de Córdoba (Gobernación del Tucumán, 1573-1598); Regulations on marriage and indigenous residence in the jurisdiction of Córdoba (Gobernación del Tucumán, 1573-1598) Borrastero, Lucas En este artículo analizaremos las normativas sobre el matrimonio y la residencia indígena establecidas para la jurisdicción de Córdoba, en tanto espacio integrante de la gobernación del Tucumán, entre 1573 -año de fundación de la ciudad- y 1598, momento en el cual concluye un intercambio normativo entre el gobernador del Tucumán Pedro Mercado de Peñaloza y los vecinos de Córdoba, en torno al matrimonio y la residencia indígena. El análisis realizado busca contribuir al estudio de las características que adquirió el sistema de dominación instaurado con la encomienda de “servicios personales” y el proceso general de “hispanización” de las sociedades indígenas en la jurisdicción de Córdoba durante las primeras décadas de dominación colonial.; In this paper we will analyze the regulations of marriage and indigenous residence, established for the jurisdiction of Córdoba, as a constituent part of Tucumán’s Governance, between 1573 -when the city was founded- and 1598, when a normative exchange related to marriage and indigenous residence concludes between the Governor of Tucumán, Pedro Mercado de Peñaloza, and the neighbors of Córdoba. The current analysis seeks to contribute to the study of the characteristics acquired by the domination system set up by the encomienda de servicios personales (personal services) and the general process of “hispanización” (hispanization) of indigenous societies within the jurisdiction of Córdoba during the first decades of colonial domination.

Plasmon-induced hot-carrier generation differences in gold and silver nanoclusters Douglas Gallardo, Oscar Alejandro; Berdakin, Matias; Frauenheim, Thomas; Sanchez, Cristian Gabriel In the last thirty years, the study of plasmonic properties of noble metal nanostructures has become a very dynamic research area. The design and manipulation of matter in the nanometric scale demands a deep understanding of the underlying physico-chemical processes that operate in this size regimen. Here, a fully atomistic study of the spectroscopic and photodynamic properties of different icosahedral silver and gold nanoclusters has been carried out by using a Time-Dependent Density Functional Tight-Binding (TD-DFTB) model. The optical absorption spectra of different icosahedral silver and gold nanoclusters of diameters between 1 and 4 nanometers have been simulated. Furthermore, the energy absorption process has been quantified by means of calculating a fully quantum absorption cross-section using the information contained in the reduced single-electron density matrix. This approach allows us take into account the quantum confinement effects dominating in this size regime. Likewise, the plasmon-induced hot-carrier generation process under laser illumination has been explored from a fully dynamical perspective. We have found noticeable differences in the energy absorption mechanisms and the plasmon-induced hot-carrier generation process in both metals which can be explained by their respective electronic structures. These differences can be attributed to the existence of ultra-fast electronic dissipation channels in gold nanoclusters that are absent in silver nanoclusters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that addresses this topic from a real time fully atomistic time-dependent approach.

Formando una "Escuela de Campeones". Deporte, moralidad, pedagogía y estética Peronista; Formando uma “Escola de Campeões”. Esporte, moralidade, pedagogia e estética Peronista; Forming a “School of Champions”: Sport, morality, pedagogy and Peronist aesthetics Galak, Eduardo; Serra, María Silvia “Escuela de Campeones”, film argentino dirigido por Ralph Pappier y estrenado a finales de 1950, basa su argumento en el relato de un hecho histórico: las dificultades por las que atravesaron quienes quisieron incorporar los deportes como contenidos pedagógicos. Enfocada en la vida del escocés Alejandro Watson Hutton, la película muestra las vicisitudes de este docente desde su arribo a la ciudad porteña en 1885, en su intento por enseñar en el elitista y conservador colegio Buenos Aires English High School, a través de renovados y modernos métodos pedagógicos. En este trabajo abordamos “Escuela de Campeones” desde tres ejes: a) la educación que propone, que combina una mirada de la escolaridad que recoge cierta renovación de la pedagogía, con una tarea educativa “moderna” que trasciende los muros de las escuelas, b) la postulación de los deportes como recursos pedagógicos para transmitir sentidos morales, cívicos y sociales, y c) la puesta en imagen de una estética peronista, que incluye desde recursos cinematográficos hasta particulares lecturas del presente y del pasado. En síntesis, “Escuela de Campeones” constituye una obra de difusión masiva en la que es posible leer discursos sobre lo educativo que resultaron dominantes durante la década peronista entre 1946 y 1955, así como una particular mirada de lo ocurrido con los sentidos de la escolarización en la Argentina desde fin de siglo XIX.; “Escuela de Campeones”, um filme argentino dirigido por Ralph Pappier e lançado no final de 1950, baseia seu argumento na história de um fato histórico: as dificuldades experimentadas por aqueles que queriam incorporar o esporte como conteúdo pedagógico. Focada na vida do escocês Alejandro Watson Hutton, o filme mostra as vicissitudes deste professor desde a sua chegada à cidade de Buenos Aires em 1885, na sua tentativa de ensinar na escola de elite e conservadora Buenos Aires English High School, através de métodos pedagógicos modernos e renovados. Neste trabalho, abordamos a escola dos campeões a partir de três eixos: a) a educação que propõe, que combina uma visão da escolaridade que inclui uma renovação da pedagogia, com uma tarefa educacional “moderna” que transcende os muros das escolas, b) a postulação do esporte como recurso pedagógico para transmitir os sentidos morais, civis e sociais, e c) a colocação na imagem de uma estética peronista, que inclui dos recursos cinematográficos para leituras particulares do presente e do passado. Em suma, “Escuela de Campeones” é uma obra de disseminação em massa na qual é possível ler discursos sobre educação que dominaram durante a década peronista entre 1946 e 1955, bem como um particular olhar o que aconteceu com os sentidos da escolarizando na Argentina desde o final do século XIX.; “Escuela de Campeones” it’s an Argentine film directed by Ralph Pappier released at the end of 1950, bases its argument on the story of a historical fact: the difficulties experienced by those who wanted to incorporate sports as pedagogical tool. Focused on the life of the Scottish Alejandro Watson Hutton, the film shows his vicissitudes as a school teacher since he arrives to Buenos Aires in 1885, especially on his attempt to teach through modern and renewed didactical methods to an elite and conservative Buenos Aires English High School. In this work it is analyzed “Escuela de Campeones” from three axes: a) the education that proposes, which combines a view of schooling that includes some renovation of pedagogy, with a “modern” educational objective that transcends the walls of schools, b) the postulation of sports as pedagogical resources to transmit moral, civic and social senses, and c) the putting into image of a Peronist aesthetic, which includes from cinematographic resources to particular readings of the present and the past. In short, “Escuela de Campeones” is a work of mass dissemination in which it is possible to read discourses on education that were dominant during the Peronist decade between 1946 and 1955, as well as a particular point of view of what happened about the senses of the schooling in Argentina since the end of the 19th century.

La criminalización mediática en los discursos sobre la escuela Argentina; Media criminalization in the discourses about Argentine school Saez, Virginia Este artículo presenta un estudio exploratorio que analiza la criminalización mediática en los discursos sobre episodios de violencia en las escuelas, en la prensa argentina durante el período 1993-2011. Dadas las características del objeto de indagación, el abordaje metodológico fue cualitativo y la información se analizó en el marco del análisis socioeducativo del discurso. Entre los resultados observamos que la presentación de los episodios se limita a los estudiantes como responsables de las situaciones de violencia, se propone soluciones punitivas y se describe la institución escolar como incapaz de resolver los conflictos que allí se mencionan. Las estrategias comunicacionales utilizadas por la prensa coinciden en naturalizar el accionar de las fuerzas de seguridad. Concluimos que la criminalización mediática forma parte de una dinámica de estigmatización social. Por su originalidad, este estudio constituye un antecedente para futuras indagaciones sobre las representaciones mediáticas del espacio escolar.; This article presents an exploratory study that analyzes the criminalisation in discourses on the episodes of violence in schools in Argentina, in the period 1993-2011. Given the characteristics of the object of inquiry, the methodological approach was qualitative and the information is analyzed in the framework of socioeducational discourse analysis. Among the results, we observed that in the presentation of the episodes, the students are marked as responsible for situations of violence, punitive solutions are proposed and described the school as incapable of resolving the conflicts there are mentioned. The communication strategies used by the press agree to naturalize the actions of the security forces. We conclude that the media criminalization is part of a dynamic of social stigmatization. For its originality, this study constitutes a precedent for future inquiries on media representations of the school space.

El cuerpo histérico en las experiencias clínicas de la Salpêtrière. Un análisis performativo; The hysterical body in the clinical experiences of the Salpêtrière. A Performative analysis Abeijón, Matías Federico El presente trabajo se propone investigar la producción de la categoría clínica de “histeria”, y la producción del cuerpo histérico, en el marco de las experiencias clínicas de la Salpê- trière. Intentaremos demostrar que el descubrimiento de la histeria como categoría patológica hacia fin de siglo XIX, tiene como condición de posibilidad la producción de un cuerpo histérico que no sólo será principalmente femenino, sino que además tendrá una serie de valores androcéntricos. Para ello recurriremos, principalmente, a la noción de la producción performativa de Judith Butler.; The purpose of this article is to investigate the production of clinical category of "hysteria" and the production of the hysterical body in the frame of clinical experiences at the Salpê- trière. The epistemic condition for the discovery of hysteria like pathological category is the production of a hysterical feminine body and an androcentric subject. We will resort to the Judith Butler’s notion of performativity.

Effect of autophagy modulators on vascular, glial, and neuronal alterations in the oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model Subirada Caldarone, Paula Virginia; Paz, Maria Constanza; Ridano, Magali Evelin; Lorenc, Valeria Erika; Fader Kaiser, Claudio Marcelo; Chiabrando, Gustavo Alberto; Sanchez, Maria Cecilia Hypoxia is one of the main insults in proliferative retinopathies, leading to neovascularization and neurodegeneration. To maintain homeostasis, neurons require efficient degradation and recycling systems. Autophagy participates in retinal cell death, but it is also a cell survival mechanism. Here, we analyzed the role of autophagy at the three characteristic time periods in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model and determined if its modulation can improve vascular and non-vascular alterations. Experiments were performed with chloroquine (CQ) in order to monitor autophagosome accumulation by lysosomal blockade. Post natal day (P)17 OIR mouse retinas showed a significant increase in autophagy flux. In particular, an intense LC3B and p62 staining was observed in inner layers of the retina, mainly proliferating endothelial cells. After a single intraocular injection of Rapamycin at P12 OIR, a decreased neovascular area and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression were observed at P17 OIR. In addition, whereas the increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was reversed at P26 OIR, the functional alterations persisted. Using a similar therapeutic schedule, we analyzed the effect of anti-VEGF therapy on autophagy flux. Like Rapamycin, VEGF inhibitor treatment not only reduced the amount of neovascular tufts, but also activated autophagy flux at P17 OIR, mainly in ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer. Finally, the effects of the disruption of autophagy by Spautin-1, were evaluated at vascular, glial, and neuronal levels. After a single dose of Spautin-1, Western blot analysis showed a significant decrease in LC3B II and p62 protein expression at P13 OIR, returning both autophagy markers to OIR control levels at P17. In addition, neither gliosis nor functional alterations were attenuated. In line with these results, TUNEL staining showed a slight increase in the number of positive cells in the outer nuclear layer at P17 OIR. Overall, our results demonstrate that all treatments of induction or inhibition of the autophagic flux reduced neovascular area but were unable to completely reverse the neuronal damage. Besides, compared to current treatments, rapamycin provides a more promising therapeutic strategy as it reduces both neovascular tufts and persistent gliosis.

El Parque Almirante Brown y el Team 10 como proceso de apropiación creativa (Buenos Aires, 1961-1976); The Parque Almirante Brown programme and team 10 as a process of creative appropriation (Buenos Aires, 1961-1976) Massidda, Adriana Laura Este artículo ofrece elementos para una revisión crítica de la arquitectura y el planeamiento modernos de mediados de siglo XX en la ciudad de Buenos Aires en relación con el debate internacional de la época a través del análisis de un caso de estudio paradigmático. Más específicamente, se examina el programa Parque Almirante Brown (PAB), una iniciativa de saneamiento y recuperación del área sudoeste de Buenos Aires diseñada a lo largo de los años sesenta, con especial atención al modo en que este conceptualizó y propuso intervenir sobre las villas del área. El PAB incorporó de un modo selectivo y creativo elementos provenientes de diferentes tradiciones urbanísticas, incluyendo las premisas del primer CIAM (Congresos Internacionales de Arquitectura Moderna) y aspectos del debate interamericano de la época. El artículo propone, sin embargo, que la selección conceptual efectuada por el PAB respondía en gran medida a la agenda política estatal, filtrando ideas contemporáneas que podían conllevar otras dinámicas sociales que la buscada. Más específicamente, en relación con las villas, el PAB retomó ideas de desalojo (slum clearance), distanciándose de perspectivas como las del Team 10 que celebraban los modos de habitabilidad popular, se interesaban en la arquitectura autoconstruida o promovían la participación del usuario.

The usage of subgenera in mammalian taxonomy Teta, Pablo Vicente In this note, I discuss the advantages of the usage of subgenera as a practical taxonomic rank in mammalian taxonomy. Use of this category preserves traditional usage, reduces nomenclatural instability and avoids unnecessary change of names. Subgenera are useful to label diagnosable clades of closely related species, especially in morphologically and ecologically diverse monophyletic genera, without alteration of traditional binomial usage. Contrary to informal names such as "divisions" or "groups", subgenera are governed by the rules of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), having usage constrained (and stability promoted) by typification and priority.

Siguiendo la trayectoria de los forasteros y sus caciques. La población indígena de Jujuy y sus autoridades en la revisita 1785-1786.; Following the trajectory of forasteros and their caciques. The indigenous population of Jujuy and its authorities in the revisita of 1785-1786; Suivre la trajectoire des étrangers (forasteros) et de leurs caciques. La population autochtone du Jujuy et ses autorités dans la Revisita 1785-1786 Sica, Gabriela Beatriz La promulgación de la Real Ordenanza de Intendencias en 1782 y la creación de las Intendencias de Salta y Córdoba del Tucumán les permitieron a las autoridades borbónicas un mejor control de la población indígena tributaria que vivía en dicho espacio. Su estudio ha dado lugar a un conocimiento más acabado de dicha población, entre la cual se encontraban forasteros en distintas regiones. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar algunos aspectos de la primera revisita realizada en Jujuy por el juez Joseph Medeiro en 1785-1786. Para ello, enfocaremos en dos aspectos principales: los lugares geográficos en que fueron registrados originarios y forasteros y las autoridades indígenas consignadas en la fuente, especialmente la presencia y función de los caciques cobradores. Los datos de la revisita, junto con fuentes complementarias, nos ayudan a precisar cuáles fueron esos espacios y a caracterizar las diferentes situaciones en las que se encontraba la población indígena forastera y originaria de Jujuy.; The promulgation of the Royal Ordinances of Intendancies in 1782 and the creation of the Intendencias of Salta and Córdoba del Tucumán gave Bourbon authorities better control of the indigenous tributary population in that space. Their study provided more complete knowledge of the population, especially about the presence of outsiders in different regions. In this paper we analyze some aspects of the first revisita in Jujuy carried out by Judge Joseph Medeiro in 1785-1786. We focus on two main aspects: the geographical locations in which they were registered as originarios and forasteros and the indigenous authorities, especially the presence and function of the caciques cobradores. The information from this document and from complementary sources, help specify which spaces those were and characterize the different situations in which the indigenous and forastero population of Jujuy were located.; La promulgation des ordonnances royales des Intendencia et la création des Intendencias de Salta et de Córdoba del Tucumán ont permis aux autorités de Bourbon de mieux contrôler la population tributaire autochtone qui vivait dans cet espace. Son étude a donné lieu à une connaissance plus complète de cette population, parmi lesquelles la présence d’étrangers (forasteros) dans différentes régions. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’analyser certains aspects de la première visite effectuée à Jujuy par le juge Joseph Medeiro en 1785-1776. Pour ce faire, nous allons nous concentrer sur deux aspects principaux: les zones géographiques dans lesquelles ils ont été enregistrés en tant qu’étrangers et les étrangers et les autorités autochtones consignées à la source, en particulier la présence et la fonction des caciques cobradores. Les données de la visite, associées à des sources complémentaires, nous aident à préciser quels sont ces espaces, et à caractériser les différentes situations dans lesquelles la population autochtone et étrangère de Jujuy était située.

Assessment of the potential alkali-reactivity of slow-reacting aggregates from the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina Perez Marfil, Paula Mariana; Locati, Francisco; Marfil, Silvina Andrea; Falcone, Dario Determination of the potential reactivity of slow-reacting aggregates has been an openly debated subject worldwide for decades, and it remains ongoing. The province of Buenos Aires is the main producer of concrete aggregates in Argentina, and many quarries exploit migmatites and granites affected by deformation processes. Therefore, it is important to determine their potential behavior in concrete as they can cause alkali–silica reactions. The objective of this study is to determine the potential reactivity of aggregate samples from seven quarries of this sector by different methods and evaluate their performance. Petrographic studies were carried out according to the Instituto Argentino de Racionalización de Materiales (Argentine Normalization and Certification Institute; IRAM) 1649 standard, and different microstructural characteristics of quartz were quantified. The potential reactivity of the aggregates was evaluated by three expansion test methods, namely, the accelerated mortar-bar test (AMBT), the concrete prism test at 38 °C (CPT), and the accelerated concrete prism test at 60 °C (ACPT). The content of microcrystalline quartz (grain size < 60 μm) was found to correlate very well with the expansion measured in the AMBT and CPT when the limits and testing time of the IRAM standards were adopted. However, no correlation was found with the ACPT, and the results of this test were contradictory to those of the AMBT and CPT. Based on these results, a limit of 5 vol% of microcrystalline quartz appears to be adequate to differentiate reactive from non-reactive behaviors in the rocks studied.

Revalidación de Liolaemus choique Abdala, Quinteros, Scrocchi y Stazzonelli, 2010 (Iguania: Liolaemidae); Revalidation of Liolaemus choique Abdala, Quinteros, Scrocchi & Stazzonelli, 2010(Iguania: Liolaemidae) Ruiz, Maria Soledad; Ruiz Monachesi, Mario Ricardo; Abdala, Cristian Simón The description of Liolaemus choique was based on an exhaustive morphological diagnosis. However, a posterior phylogeographic study suggested that it would be a junior synonym of L. smaug. Herein, we present morphological behavioral and distributional data indicating that L. choique would be considered as a valid species. Therefore, we suggest to revalidate L. choique, as a distinct taxon from L. smaug

Origin, distribution, and geochemistry of arsenic in the Altiplano-Puna plateau of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Perú Tapia Zamora, Joseline; Murray, Jesica María; Ormachea Muñoz, Mauricio; Tirado Bustillos, Noemi Sandra; Nordstrom, Darrel Kirk Elevated concentrations of arsenic in water supplies represent a worldwide health concern. In at least 14 countries of South America, high levels have been detected relative to international standards and guidelines. Within these countries, the high plateau referred to as the “Altiplano-Puna”, encompassing areas of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Perú, exhibits high arsenic concentrations that could be affecting 3 million inhabitants. The origins of arsenic in the Altiplano-Puna plateau are diverse and are mainly natural in origin. Of the natural sources, the most important correspond to mineral deposits, brines, hot springs, and volcanic rocks, whereas anthropogenic sources are related to mining activities and the release of acid mine drainage (AMD). Arsenic is found in all water types of the Altiplano-Puna plateau over a wide range of concentrations (0.01 mg·L−1 < As in water > 10 mg·L−1) which in decreasing order correspond to: AMD, brines, saline waters, hot springs, rivers affected by AMD, rivers and lakes, and groundwater. Despite the few studies which report As speciation, this metalloid appears mostly in its oxidized form (As[V]) and its mobility is highly susceptible to the influence of dry and wet seasons. Once arsenic is released from its natural sources, it also precipitates in secondary minerals where it is generally stable in the form of saline precipitates and Fe oxides. In relation to human health, arsenic adaptation has been detected in some aboriginal communities of the Puna together with an efficient metabolism of this metalloid. Also, the inefficient methylation of inorganic As in women of the Altiplano might lead to adverse health effects such as cancer. Despite the health risks of living in this arsenic-rich environment with limited water resources, not all of the Altiplano-Puna is properly characterized and there exists a lack of information regarding the basic geochemistry of arsenic in the region.

Extensive loss of cell-cycle and DNA repair genes in an ancient lineage of bipolar budding yeasts Steenwyk, Jacob L.; Opulente, Dana A.; Kominek, Jacek; Shen, Xing-Xing; Zhou, Xiaofan; Labella, Abigail L.; Bradley, Noah P.; Eichman, Brandt F.; Cadez, Neza; Libkind Frati, Diego; DeVirgilio, Jeremy; Hulfachor, Amanda Beth; Kurtzman, Cletus P.; Hittinger, Chris Todd; Rokas, Antonis Cell-cycle checkpoints and DNA repair processes protect organisms from potentially lethal mutational damage. Compared to other budding yeasts in the subphylum Saccharomycotina, we noticed that a lineage in the genus Hanseniaspora exhibited very high evolutionary rates, low Guanine–Cytosine (GC) content, small genome sizes, and lower gene numbers. To better understand Hanseniaspora evolution, we analyzed 25 genomes, including 11 newly sequenced, representing 18/21 known species in the genus. Our phylogenomic analyses identify two Hanseniaspora lineages, a faster-evolving lineage (FEL), which began diversifying approximately 87 million years ago (mya), and a slower-evolving lineage (SEL), which began diversifying approximately 54 mya. Remarkably, both lineages lost genes associated with the cell cycle and genome integrity, but these losses were greater in the FEL. E.g., all species lost the cell-cycle regulator WHIskey 5 (WHI5), and the FEL lost components of the spindle checkpoint pathway (e.g., Mitotic Arrest-Deficient 1 [MAD1], Mitotic Arrest-Deficient 2 [MAD2]) and DNA-damage–checkpoint pathway (e.g., Mitosis Entry Checkpoint 3 [MEC3], RADiation sensitive 9 [RAD9]). Similarly, both lineages lost genes involved in DNA repair pathways, including the DNA glycosylase gene 3-MethylAdenine DNA Glycosylase 1 (MAG1), which is part of the base-excision repair pathway, and the DNA photolyase gene PHotoreactivation Repair deficient 1 (PHR1), which is involved in pyrimidine dimer repair. Strikingly, the FEL lost 33 additional genes, including polymerases (i.e., POLymerase 4 [POL4] and POL32) and telomere-associated genes (e.g., Repressor/ activator site binding protein-Interacting Factor 1 [RIF1], Replication Factor A 3 [RFA3], Cell Division Cycle 13 [CDC13], Pbp1p Binding Protein [PBP2]). Echoing these losses, molecular evolutionary analyses reveal that, compared to the SEL, the FEL stem lineage underwent a burst of accelerated evolution, which resulted in greater mutational loads, homopolymer instabilities, and higher fractions of mutations associated with the common endogenously damaged base, 8-oxoguanine. We conclude that Hanseniaspora is an ancient lineage that has diversified and thrived, despite lacking many otherwise highly conserved cell-cycle and genome integrity genes and pathways, and may represent a novel, to our knowledge, system for studying cellular life without them.

Exploring the response of Actinobacteria to the presence of phosphorus salts sources: Metabolic and co-metabolic processes Solans, Mariana; Messuti, Maria Ines; Reiner, Gabriela de Las Nieves; Boenel, Micaela; Vobis, Gernot; Wall, Luis Gabriel; Scervino, Jose Martin This study tested the solubilization of phosphorus by five actinobacterial strains in liquid media containing Ca 3 PO 4 ; AlPO 4 or FePO 4 as the sole phosphate source, and discusses the possible mechanisms involved in this process. P solubilization by different strains was accompanied by a significant drop in pH from 7.0 to 2.15–5.0 after 14 days. The efficiency of different strains depended on the P-source. Streptomyces spp. MM140 and MM141 were the most efficient in solubilizing Ca 3 PO 4 , MM136, and MM141 were the most efficient in solubilizing AlPO 4 , while all strains were equally efficient in solubilizing FePO 4 . Gluconic, oxalic, citric, malic, succinic, formic, and acetic acid were detected in the medium with Ca 3 PO 4 , while all except acetic acid were detected in the media with FePO 4 or AlPO 4 . Although we did not use an organic source of phosphorus in the media, all strains produced acid and alkaline phosphatase. It is concluded from this study that actinobacteria produced multiple organic acids followed by a decrease in the pH to solubilize phosphate salts. As well as producing phosphatase, these microorganisms were found to have different ways of making P available, suggesting an ecological advantage as they form part of soil microbiomes important for plants.

Religión, utopía y revolución: Documentos del Movimiento Sacerdotes para el Tercer Mundo, 1968–1973 Zaros, Agustina Adela; Fernandez, Natalia Soledad; Monjeau Castro, Catalina; Ruffa, María Julieta El “Movimiento de Sacerdotes para el Tercer Mundo” (MSTM) se inició en 1967 influenciado por la encíclica Populorum Progressio redactada por el Papa Pablo vi. Dieciocho obispos, de diferentes países del Tercer Mundo, firmaron un documento, conocido luego como “Manifiesto de los 18 Obispos” que interpeló a los sacerdotes argentinos. A partir de allí, surgieron iniciativas que impulsaron la necesidad de una “nueva vida sacerdotal” comprometida con las necesidades del pueblo que tuviera acciones y participación “concreta” en la convulsionada vida política argentina de fines de la década del sesenta. Desde una perspectiva sociológica, nos proponemos como objetivo describir y analizar esa reformulación de la vida sacerdotal en un corpus de documentos oficiales ligados al MSTM. Se analizarán los veintiocho números de la revista Enlace, publicación bimestral editada por el Movimiento, que hizo su aparición en septiembre de 1968 con el objeto de “ser un signo de encuentro y enlace” de los Sacerdotes para el Tercer Mundo y que duró hasta 1973, momento en que el grupo Movimiento dejó de existir.

Chemical reactions affecting halloysite dispersion in epoxy nanocomposites Sánchez, Manuel; Uicich, Julieta Fabienne; Arenas, Gustavo Francisco; Rodriguez, Exequiel Santos; Montemartini, Pablo Ezequiel; Penoff, Marcela Elisabeth Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have attracted a technologic and scientific attention as reinforcements of epoxy-basednanocomposites. However, their reported interaction with epoxy matrices is varied and the controlled dispersion of HNTs is still a challenge. In this work, we study the effect of chemical reactions taking place in the dispersion process of halloysite and their possible influence in the composite?s properties. HNTs? surface was modified through an alkaline treatment and by grafting two aminosilanes withdifferent chain lengths and functionality numbers. Evidence of homopolymerization and degradation reactions was found, dependingon the surface treatment. The rheological study indicated that an interconnected network can be achieved in epoxy/HNTs blendsdepending on the surface chemical characteristics of the nanofillers and the blending method. The better dispersion was accomplishedwhen ultrasonicating with the aid of a solvent. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are not warranted byselecting a dispersion method

Producción de leche en Argentina: un análisis de los quiebres estructurales para predicción Chara, Ana Laura; Vicentin Masaro, Jimena Muchos son los motivos por los que la cadena láctea argentina cobra especial relevancia en la economía nacional: el valor agregado generado, el ingreso de divisas por exportaciones y el gran requerimiento de mano de obra. Además, los productos son variados, arraigados a la idiosincrasia del país, fundamentales para la nutrición saludable e integrantes de la canasta básicas de los consumidores. Por ello, el Estado suele intervenir la cadena introduciendo políticas sectoriales para contener los precios internos o para amortiguar efectos de acontecimientos naturales. Desdehace años, el sector atraviesa distintas crisis, combinadas con procesos de cambios en su funcionamiento y estructura. El eslabón primario resulta crítico en el proceso y, aunque los reclamos sectoriales giran en torno a los precios recibidos, actualmente se encuentra en boga el proceso de concentración y los efectos sobre la competitividad del sector. En este contexto, el trabajo modela la serie univariada de la producción argentina de leche cruda entre 1983?2016 por medio de la metodología Box?Jekins, estudiando la presencia de quiebres estructurales econométricamente y conectándolos con los sucesos y políticas del momento; luego, se utiliza el modelo para predecir la evolución futura. Como resultados se encuentran tres quiebres estructurales, el primero a principios de los ?90, el segundo a finales de dicha década y el tercero a finales de 2003. El modelo que los incorpora permite realizar predicciones que muestran similar evolución a la realidad y que pronostican una recuperación moderada de la producción para fin de año.

Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto associated with head blight on rye (Secale cereal L.) in Argentina Martínez, Mauro; Dinolfo, María Inés; Castañares, Eliana; Stenglein, Sebastian Alberto Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases that occurs in cereal regions worldwide and causes serious economic damage. This disease can be caused by several Fusarium species with Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto being the most common pathogen isolated from several crops. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of F. graminearum sensu stricto on rye grains collected from field samples in Argentina and to determine the potential ability to produce deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEA). Based on morphological characteristics, the isolate was identified as F. graminearum sensu stricto. To confirm molecularly, portions of the RED and TRI genes were sequenced and showed 99% similarity with the F. graminearum sensu stricto sequences available in the NCBI database. The potential to produce DON, 15-ADON and ZEA was determined. Moreover, Koch´s postulates were carried out. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. graminearum sensu stricto associated with rye kernels in Argentina.